FI102847B - A method for manufacturing a hollow building element by bending veneer layers and a hollow building element - Google Patents

Description

102847

A method for manufacturing a hollow building element by bending veneer layers and a hollow building element

Background of the Invention

The invention relates to a method for making a hollow building element by bending veneer layers, which building is angular and at least triangular in cross-section, and consists of at least three plate-like sides which form a closed hollow cavity and a hollow building element made of veneer and is at least triangular in cross-section, and consists of at least three plate-like sides which form a closed cavity between them.

Various building elements, i.e. small elements, and methods for making them are known in the art. The closest known solution is represented by a solution in which case elements are manufactured by attaching, for example, chipboards or other types of building boards to a wooden frame.

There are many disadvantages to these traditional solutions. The plates used are large and heavy and therefore difficult to handle. In addition, the boards have limited operational properties, which necessitates the use of many material combinations in many structures, which results in the quality of the materials and elements used being very variable.

A method for bending double-layer veneer sheets is also known. In this method, two veneers are fixed to a veneer sheet so that the causes of the veneers are transverse to each other. The second veneer sheet is lightened, i.e. sawed, to facilitate bending the veneer sheet. Since the structures obtained by this method are only two-layer, their properties are not the best possible in the structures of houses.

For example, wood-based building elements are known from U.S. Patent 4,387,546 and F1 Application 842288.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above limitations. Said object is achieved by a hollow building element according to the invention which can be manufactured by the method according to the invention.

More particularly, the method for manufacturing the hollow structural element of the invention comprises the steps of: installing a plurality of discrete spacers over the first veneer layer 2 102847 so that their causes are substantially transverse to the causes of the first veneer layer and substantially interposed between the spacers. the third veneer layer so that its causes are substantially parallel to the causes of the first veneer layer, and bending the veneer sheet formed by the first veneer layer, the second veneer layer and the third veneer layer to the second veneer sheet, touching each other and the first layer of veneer and the third layer of veneer 10 touching each other in the second layer of veneer n forming the bending angles of the building element.

Preferred embodiments of the method of the invention are set forth in the dependent claims 2 to 5.

With this method according to the invention it is possible to produce e.g. 15 hollow building elements according to the invention. Other advantages are that the process material is environmentally friendly and material-saving throughout the production line, and the process fully utilizes the various properties of the material.

The method is capable of producing accurately the building elements of the invention, which results in a reduction in the amount of construction work at the site, which in turn results in less waste at the site. Since the invention provides an advantageous method for bending plywood panels, the method is also well suited for the manufacture of other plywood products for construction purposes.

The hollow building elements according to the invention are characterized in that the sides consist of a uniform, initially planar veneer sheet which is bent at least triangular, with the building element having at least two bending angles, the veneer sheet consisting of a first veneer layer and a third veneer layer, substantially parallel to the causes of the first veneer layer, and the second veneer layer between the first veneer layer and the third veneer layer, consisting of discrete, successive spacers forming gaps between them, with the causes of the spacers extending substantially transversely to the first ply and the first ply. the veneer layer and the third veneer layer contact each other through the slits of the second veneer layer located therebetween at the bending angles of the building element.

Preferred embodiments of the hollow building element according to the invention are disclosed in the appended dependent claims 7-10.

The building elements according to the invention achieve considerable advantages. The main object of the building elements according to the invention is to simplify the erection of detached houses and the like. The building elements according to the invention are simple and lightweight. They are suitable for a wide range of applications. The surface material itself is an expressive advantage, which can be emphasized through artistic treatment of the facade, inner wall and ceiling structures through 10 additional panels. In addition, the building elements can act as a load-bearing and stiffening part in wall structures and as a load-bearing hollow-plate system. The building elements can also be used as such, for example, in interior wall structures.

15 The building elements are dimensionally accurate, which generates a small amount of construction waste and minimizes the fitting work of the building elements during installation.

The building elements according to the invention can be made not only of the basic shapes shown, the vertical triangular post "20" and the horizontal or vertical rectangular "log element" but also polygonal, which gives the building elements a wide range of applications.

The building elements can be easily combined into hollow core slabs and large slabs so that they can also meet the requirements for lower, intermediate, upper and outer roof structures. The building elements can also be extended and reinforced with sockets mounted on the ends of the building elements. The building elements, either as pole or log elements, or as floor, floor or roof elements, can be installed in place by man-force, using a machine, for example a crane. They can also be pre-fitted with, for example, HVAC equipment and insulation already at the prefabricated factory or on site. For example, the building elements can be filled by spraying with eco-wool, styrofoam or the like, whereby all the different requirements for insulation can be met.

The system of production and connection of building elements gives a very 35-dimensional result, which creates new possibilities in the construction phase 4 102847, for example, in the realization of wet rooms and installation of windows, doors and fixed furniture.

The building elements according to the invention also have the advantage that by utilizing plywood in all structures and parts, stresses due to weather conditions are avoided.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The invention will now be further described in connection with preferred embodiments, with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which:

Figure 1 is a partial sectional view of a veneer sheet; Figure 2 shows an end view of a veneer sheet with a single bending angle;

Fig. 3 shows an end view of a building element according to the invention having three bending angles;

Figure 4 shows an end view of a building element according to the invention having four bending angles and additionally having support ribs;

Figure 5 shows a five-layer veneer sheet with an end view of one bending angle;

Fig. 6 shows horizontally mounted rectangular building elements superimposed on a flat structure; Figure 7 shows vertically mounted triangular building elements mounted side by side in a flat structure; and

Fig. 8 shows vertically mounted rectangular building elements mounted side by side in a flat structure;

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The method according to the invention is based on making a building element 1 by bending a veneer sheet 2. The building element 1 is at least triangular in cross-section and consists of at least three plate-shaped sides 3 forming an enclosed cavity 4. FIG.

The veneer sheet 2 of Figure 1 is manufactured by mounting a plurality of discrete spacers 6 on top of the first veneer layer 5 to form a second veneer layer 7. The spacers 6 may be, but need not be, thin veneer ribs. During installation, it is important that these spacers 6 are installed such that their blades 8 are located substantially transverse to the blades 8 of the first veneer layer 5 and that there are gaps 9102847 substantially parallel to the blades 8 of the first veneer layer 5 to facilitate bending the veneer sheet 2 into the building element 1. When the veneer sheet 2 is bent into a building element 1, bending angles 10 are formed at the slots 9. If the slots 9 are made in a direction transverse to the slices of the first veneer layer 5, this will result in the radii of the bending angles 10 becoming large, which is a disadvantage in this connection.

A third veneer layer 11 is mounted on the second veneer layer 7 formed by the spacers 6. This third veneer layer 11 is mounted such that the causes 8 10 of the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 are substantially parallel.

It is preferable to fabricate all the parts of the veneer sheet 2 to the correct length before joining them together so that the veneer sheet 2 does not have to be machined before bending. Preferably, the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 are made the same size, and along the length of the building elements 1 and the spacers 15, so that they extend substantially from the bottom to the top of each of the veneer layers. This reduces the amount of construction waste generated on construction sites to zero.

The parts of the veneer sheet 2 are secured to one another, for example by gluing or the like.

The number of slots 9 and spacers 6 depends on the shape of the cross-section of the building element 1 to be manufactured. Three spacers 6, which provide two slits 9, can be made with a three-sided building element 1. The four spacers 6 have a four-sided building element 1 to be fabricated. However, the best result is achieved by using at least four spacers 6 for the construction of the triangular building element 1, which are arranged so as to form three slots 9. This allows the veneer sheet 2 to be bent at three points and the building element 1 to have three bending elements. 1, at least five spacer-30 pieces 6 are formed to form four slots 9. In this way, the opposite side edges 12 of the veneer sheet 2 are joined by the bending of the veneer sheet 2 between two bending angles 10, improving the strength and durability properties of the building element 1. Of course, it is also possible to place more than one spacer 6 between the two slots 9 if, for example, long and narrow spacers 6 are needed, which may be the case, for example, if long and thin building elements 1 are manufactured.

102847 The width (in the direction of the causes) of the spacers 6 is chosen such that the width is smaller than the width of the side 3 of the building element 1 to be manufactured. Namely, when selecting the width of the spacers 6, it must be taken into account that the width of the side 3 of the building element 1 will consist of both a substantially planar part, i.e. the actual side 3 of the building element 1, and at least one bending angle 10. 1 side 3 has a total length of two bending angles 10 and one side 3. The dimensions of the resulting bending angle 10 depend on the properties of the veneer sheet 2. This is also affected by 10 mm. material thicknesses and slot 9 width.

When selecting the width of the slot 9, it is to be taken into account that one of the veneer layers, i.e., which due to bending is located inside the building element 1, is partially pressed or pressed into the slots 9 in the second veneer layer 7 and further to contact the outer veneer layer. Thus, the width of the slot 9 should be chosen so that this is possible.

The veneer sheet 2 is bent into a building element 1 according to the invention at the slots 9 in the second veneer layers 7. Fig. 2 shows a veneer sheet 2 folded once. Before bending, the veneer sheet 2 must be softened if the veneer sheet 2 is not soft enough to be bent. The softening can be carried out, for example, by immersing the veneer sheet 2 in a liquid. The veneer sheet 2 must be softened at least at the slits 9.

The veneer sheet 2 is bent so that the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 contact each other through the slots 9 of the second veneer layer 7 and form the corners of the building element 1. This is done so that the veneer 25 layers which are located inside the building element 1 are bent or mechanically guided to the slots 9 of the second veneer layer 7 and further against the second or outer veneer layer. The veneer sheet 2 is preferably bent, for example in a jig. Alternatively, the veneer sheet 2 is bent over a support rib 13, for example over a wooden rib, and this support rib 13 is either secured as additional support to the inner surface of the building element 1 after its bending angles 10, as made or removed in the building element 1 in FIG. The support rib 13 may also serve as a support for the building element 1 during this drying, which occurs after bending the veneer sheet 2. It is also conceivable to make a veneer sheet 2 with pre-assembled logs at the bending points 35, i.e. the slots 9. The shape of the part, such as the supporting rib 13 or the jig, over which the veneer sheet 2 is bent, is preferably selected such that the shape of the part provides the shape of the inner surface of the final bending angle 10. The preferred shape also makes the veneer layers better positioned against each other at bending angles 10.

As mentioned, the number of bends of the building element 1 depends on the final cross-sectional shape of the building element 1 to be manufactured. The triangular building element 1 can be manufactured with two bends and a quadrilateral with three bends. The opposite side edges 12 of the veneer sheet 2 then touch each other at one angle. However, the best result is obtained by bending the building element 1 of triangular cross-section at three points, such as the building element 1 of Figure 3, and having the four-sided building element at four points, such as the building element 1 of Figure 4. The opposite side edges 12 of the veneer sheet 2 The advantageous design of the side edges 12 causes the side edges 12 to be more securely attached to each other.

The first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 can be secured to each other after bending at the bending angles 10. The fastening can also be performed simultaneously during bending. Attaching the veneer layers to each other provides a firmer and more durable building element 1. 20 The attachment can be accomplished, for example, by gluing. Other fastening methods are also possible. One possible solution is to fill the slots 9 of the second veneer layer 7 with an appropriate amount of yielding support before bending. This support mass solidifies after bending and preferably fills the hollow points of the bending angle 10 and provides a very sturdy structure.

By bending, the opposite side edges 12 of the veneer sheet 2 are brought into contact with one another, as shown in Figure 3. It is advantageous to attach these side edges 12 to each other. Advantageously, the attachment can be effected, for example, by gluing. Other fastening methods are also possible.

It is advantageous to fabricate all the parts of the veneer sheet 2 to the correct size before joining them together so that the veneer sheet 2 does not have to be machined before or after bending. Preferably, the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 are made equal in size, taking into account obtaining a preferred adhesive surface and spacers 6 of the second veneer layer 7 such that they extend substantially from the bottom to the top of both the first veneer layer 5 and third veneer layer 11.

102847 s It is disclosed how a three-layered veneer sheet 2 is made and bent into a building element 1, but it is also possible to make multi-layered veneer sheets 2, for example five-layered, which are bent into building elements 1 by the method of the invention. For example, the five-ply veneer sheet 2 may be such that the second ply 7 is made of three-ply cross-laid veneers. Another possibility, as shown in Fig. 5, is to make the veneer sheet 2 such that its first, third and fifth veneer layers are formed on the same principle as the outer veneer layers of the three-layer veneer sheet 2, and the second and fourth veneer sheets 10 are formed.

The building elements 1 according to the invention can be manufactured by the method according to the invention having at least a triangular cross-section. The building element 1 consists of at least three plate-shaped sides 3 which form a closed cavity 4. As shown in the method of the invention 15, the sides 3 of the building element 1 according to the invention are formed of a uniform, initially planar veneer sheet 2. such that the building element 1 has at least two bending angles 10.

Fig. 3 shows a building element 1 having a triangular cross-section 20 and having three bending angles 10, i.e. the veneer sheet 2 has been bent three times. The building element 1 according to Fig. 3 thus has three plate-like sides 3 which form a closed cavity 4. Fig. 4 shows a building element 1 having a rectangular cross-section and four bending angles 10, i.e. the plate is bent four times.

The veneer sheet 2, which is bent to a building element 1, is formed of a first veneer layer 5, a third veneer layer 11 and spacers 6. The causes 8 of the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 are substantially parallel. Between the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11, a second veneer layer 7, consisting of separate successive spacers 6, is shown in Figure 1. The causes 8 of the spacers 6 are substantially transverse to the causes 8 of the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11. Slots 9 parallel to the causes 8 of the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 are formed between the two spacers 6.

The veneer sheet 2 is preferably made of, for example, outer layers of about 1.4 mm thickness and veneers of 2.2 mm thickness, whereby the veneer sheet 2 9 102847 becomes about 5 mm thick. Of course, the characteristics and strengths of the veneers selected depend on the requirements of the building site. Generally speaking, the veneer sheet 2 must have a thickness of about 3 mm or more.

The first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 contact the second 5 at the bending angles 10 of the building element 1. This is done through the gaps 9 between the spacers 6 of the second veneer layer 7. The first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 may also be secured to one another at bending angles 10.

The building element 1 may further have support ribs 13, such as the construction element 1 in Fig. 4, extending substantially parallel to the causes 8 of the first veneer layer 5 and the third veneer layer 11 and located at the bending angles 10 of the building element 1. and the shape of the struts has caused the inner veneer layer to lie against the outer veneer. The support strips 13 may preferably be made of plywood.

Since the sides 3 of the building element 1 consist of a uniform, initially substantially planar plate bent at least in the shape of a triangle, the building element 1 according to the invention has at least two bending angles 10. The building element 1 the lateral edges 12 connected between two bending angles 10. It is also possible to combine the side edges 12 at one corner of the building element 1, whereby the triangular building element 1 has only two bending angles 10. However, joining the side edges 12 between the two bending angles 10 provides a better-performing construction element 1. Attaching the side edges 12 to each other, for example by gluing, strengthens the building element 1.

Figures 6, 7 and 8 show various structures obtained by combining building elements 1 according to the invention. The structures of Figure 30 could be for example exterior and interior walls of a building.

It will be obvious to a person skilled in the art that as technology advances, the basic idea of the invention can be implemented in many different ways. The invention and its embodiments are thus not limited to the examples described above, but may vary within the scope of the claims.

Claims (10)

A method of producing a hollow building element by folding veneer layers, which building element is angular and at its cross-section at least triangular, and comprises at least three disc-like sides (3) forming a closed hollow space volume (4) between characterized in that the process comprises at least the following steps: a group of separate intermediates (6) are placed on a first veneer layer (5) such that their fibers (8) are substantially transverse to the fibers of the first veneer layer (5) (8) and between the spacers (6), spacers (9) are formed substantially in the direction of the fibers (8) of the first veneer layer (5), a third veneer layer (11) is placed on the second veneer layer (7) formed by the spacers (6). , that its fibers (8) are substantially parallel in relation to the fibers (8) of the first veneer layer (5), the veneer sheet (2) formed by the first veneer layer (5), the third veneer layer (11) and the intermediate pieces (6) folded at the gaps (9) so that the opposing side edges (12) of the veneer sheet (2) touch each other and the first veneer layer (5) and the third veneer layer (11) touch each other at the forming element of the second veneer layer (7) (1) folding corner (10). Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the first veneer layer (5) and the third veneer layer (11) are attached to each other in the folding corners (10). 25 Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the feather plate (2) is folded over a support rib (13) and the support rib is attached to the veneer layer over which the veneer plate (2) is folded. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the opposing side edges (12) of the veneer sheet (2) are joined together between two folding corners (10). Process according to claim 1, characterized in that the second veneer layer (7) is formed of veneer ribs (6). 6. Hollow building elements made by folding veneer layers, which building element is angular and at its cross-section at least triangular, and consists of at least three disc-like sides (3), which form a closed hollow space volume (4) between them, characterized of the sides (3) being formed by a uniform, originally pianer veneer sheet (2), which is folded to at least triangular, such that the building element (1) shows at least two folding corners (10), that the veneer sheet (2) comprises of a first veneer layer (5) and a third veneer layer (11), the fibers of which (8) are substantially parallel to the fibers (8) of the first veneer layer (5), and of a second veneer layer (7) between the first veneer layer ( 5) and the third veneer layer (11), which consists of separate, successive spacers (6), advantageously of veneer ribs which form spacers (9) between them and which fibers (8) of the spacer (6) are substantially transverse against the first fa the fibers (8) of the bottom layer (5) and the third veneer layer (11), and the first veneer layer (5) and the third veneer layer (11) contact each other via the space (9) of the second veneer layer (7) located therebetween at the building element ( 1) folding corner (10). Building element according to claim 6, characterized in that the thickness of the veneer sheet (2) is three or more veneer layers thick, advantageously approx. 3 mm or more, more preferably 5 mm or more. Building element according to claim 6, characterized in that the first veneer layer (5) and the third veneer layer (11) are fixed to each other in the folding corners (10). 9. A building element according to claim 6, characterized in that the opposing side edges (12) of the veneer board (2) are joined together between two folding corners (10). Building element according to claim 6, characterized in that the second veneer layer (7) is formed of veneer ribs (6).