FI102307B - Method and apparatus for removing water from a stream - Google Patents

Description

102307 METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR DRAWING WATER FROM WATER

TECHNICAL FIELD The present invention relates to a method for taking water from a water body by means of a pipe having a suction head in a body of water, the position of the suction head being adjusted vertically between at least two, preferably several different positions. The invention also relates to an apparatus for taking water from a body of water, the apparatus comprising a pipe fitted to the body of water and fixed in place so that the position of its water intake opening is vertically adjustable.

The invention is suitable, for example, for taking water from a lake or river (basin) for domestic use in households or factory processes, as cooling water for power plants and, for example, for the input of small-scale water before the turbine and for the treatment of treatment plant bypass water, such as industrial overflow.

Background Art 20 Process water and drinking water suction pipes from natural waters are generally installed along their entire length from the shoreline to the bottom of the body and only the suction head, strainer or perforated part of the pipe is slightly detached from the bottom so that bottom sludge etc. do not enter the pipe very easily.

: · 25 In warm water layers (in summer in surface water layers): very often most solids, from fish to small ·, organisms, as well as humus and mobile vegetation, algae, parts of vegetation, etc., which interfere with water treatment-. * use and use.

• ·, ·. · 30 Hot water should normally be warm and cooling water • · conversely cold. Even in summer, the coldest water is not always the heaviest water at the bottom +4 ° C.

In general, the water should be as pure as possible for use and operating systems, preferably pre-treatment should be carried out at the outset before, for example, chemical and biological treatment steps. Various mechanical strainers are used as pretreatment devices in the water intake ducts.

, · "· * Known equipment is complex to maintain and methods labor-intensive, because the strainers / flaps, etc. tend to clog-: · 40 earth. When they are at the inlet end of the suction pipe, their maintenance and • on the bottom.

In the water abstraction process, flotation processes are known in plant solutions, in which the so-called dispersion water in which air has been dissolved under overpressure. When released at normal pressure, air is released in small bubbles. The bubbles stick to the flocs and raise them to the surface of the water as a slurry that is removed.

Finnish patent publication 64420 discloses a water-inlet tube in which the water intake depth can be changed by means of a plastic fabric tube placed at the end of the tube.

Description of the invention

The method according to the invention is characterized in that the properties of the water at different heights are measured and the adjustment is performed according to the measurement results. The water temperature is best measured. The apparatus according to the invention is characterized in that it is equipped with one or more sensors 20 measuring the water properties of the water body at different heights.

Preferably, pressurized air or a mixture of air and water is introduced around the suction head, forming an upwardly extending curtain around the suction head.

The apparatus according to the invention can be provided with means 25 for collecting waste from the surface of the water.

• ♦: 'If water were to be used for the use of surface water throughout the earth' · * even if 1 ° C warmer, it would be very large ·. ·. due to mass flows, a very important issue in energy savings. In households, only a fraction is used as the mains water at a temperature of 30, often perhaps toilet flush water and that too and other plumbing in buildings cool building components. The process industry also uses a lot of water when heated. Heat; ·. In addition, darker water in the network would reduce pipe freezing in winter. According to the invention, the hot water can be each *. . In the 35th season it takes the water from the height where it is warmest.

: In the case of the use of water for cooling, the water should be: '·' as cold as possible, so that a smaller amount of water V is sufficient and savings are already made in the pumping energy. Investments in piping and equipment would also decrease by 3,102,307. Warm condensate is harmful to the water system and, for example, cooling water towers are harmful to air protection. According to the invention, the cooling water, on the other hand, can always be taken from the height where it is coldest.

From the point of view of the lake, it is best to take the dirtiest water away, so that more oxygenated and cleaner water flows in its place. According to the invention, the waste separated by flotation can be collected and disposed of.

10 The invention is thus also relevant for the improvement of the water system itself, for fisheries and for the equipment maintenance of the power plant and, as a whole, for the use of the power plant. The use of the power plant would not be in conflict with fisheries, for example, when the lake is covered with ice and at the same time 15 in the winter winters. As is well known, lakes are often aerated from their deepest points due to oxygen deprivation. When there is a flotation curtain at the end of the device according to the invention, the water also receives air. Instead of a water-air mixture, only air can also be supplied, in which case the purification form is a mere air curtain, which at least the fish 20 avoid and the lake receives oxygen.

Lvhvt description of the drawings. The invention and its details will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings, in which Fig. 1 schematically shows a side view of one embodiment of the apparatus according to the invention, Fig. 2 shows a side view on a larger scale of a water intake pipe. Fig. 3 shows the same in plan view, Fig. 4 shows a side view of the end of the pipe and the suction head in different positions when there is an ice situation in the water body, Fig. 5 shows the same when the average temperature of the water body

.. the state is e.g. +4 ° C

Fig. 6 shows a side view of the end and suction end of the second embodiment of the pipe, Fig. 7 shows a side view of a solution from the water intake end, Fig. 8 shows on a larger scale and a modified detail of the previous one. , «4 102307 Fig. 9 shows a side view of a height adjustment device, Figs. 9a and 9b show a front and a side detail of the previous one, Fig. 10 shows a side section of a solution, e.g.

Fig. 10a shows an end view, Fig. 11 shows a side section of a water intake in a turbine tunnel of a small power plant, Fig. 12 shows a side view of a solution for adjusting the height position of the suction head, Fig. 13 shows a modification of the previous one and Figs. seen from the side and Fig. 16 seen from above.

15

Embodiments of the invention

Figure 1 shows a suction head 1 and a water intake pipe 2 leading to the pumping of pre-purified water 3. The water entering the process is indicated by an arrow 4.

The suction head 1 has a water intake outlet 5 which completely surrounds the suction head or, for example, as a semicircular arc. The suction head has a floating part 6, which is e.g. a sealed body containing air or other gas. The buoyancy acting on the float is greater than the weight and frictional forces acting on the '' end of the equipment.

25 For example, water can be placed on the bottom of the float.

i · to adjust the weight to suit. A pressurized water-air mixture is introduced into the nozzles surrounding the suction head, which, when discharged, forms a flotation curtain 8 around the suction head.

: V The water intake pipe 2 has a joint 9 which allows the end and suction end of the pipe 30 to remain horizontal. Alternatively, the joint can be placed in the piping of the flotation curtain. The joint allows the piping to remain horizontal if a low discharge pressure is used.

*, t) The air-water mixture is obtained by means of the dispersion water pump 10 and »· 35 dispersion air compressor 11. The air-water mixture is led to the suction end Y via a pressure pipe 12.

: The position height of the suction head is adjusted by means of cable 13.

, v The cable can be routed through a loop 14 attached to the bottom of the water body either outside the water intake pipe or alternatively, e.g., from point 15 inside the water intake pipe and further to a winch or coil 16 operated e.g. by an electric motor 17. When the cable is wound in the water intake pipe towards the ground, its gravity acts against the buoyancy of the swimmer-5 rin and the suction head lowers. When the coil is released from the lock and the cable is loosened, the suction head rises due to the buoyancy.

Attached to the pipe 2 in the vicinity of the float is a resiliently articulated mast 18 at its lower end, which tends to remain upright? in a position above the tube. The desired number of temperature sensors are attached to the mast at different heights. Below the pipe 2 there is a heavy flexible hose 19, which also has temperature measuring sensors.

Figures 2 and 3 show the suction head on a larger scale 15 (the scale of Figure 3 is larger than the scale of Figure 2).

Water 5 enters the cleaning section, which, after passing through the flotation curtain 8 and the float section 6, continues as purified water 20 through the pipe 2. The pressurized water-air mixture discharges from the pipe 21 through the nozzles, forming a curtain 8, which is thus an upward, pressurized flow. The pipes 21 and its nozzles are located at the water outlets 27, slightly below, so that the curtain acts on the perforated parts. The flotation curtain raises the dirt material 22 to the surface 23 of the water body, so that the dirt does not enter the water intake pipe. Fish are afraid to go near 25 air curtains because they are “afraid” of air bubbles.

By adjusting the amount of water 7 in the lower part of the float, the weight of the float is optimized with respect to the traction of the wire 13.

The loops 14 through which the traction cable passes are attached to the bottom of the water, e.g. rock or weight 24. In this way, the shear provides a counterforce to the buoyer's lift. By pulling the cable, the float and the suction head lower and by loosening they rise. Various pulley and folding wheel structures can be used to attach the wire to reduce traction. The picture shows. ·: · Shows a hoist solution.

• Figure 3 shows a slit jacket 25 in the removable head, which may be a wedge wire strainer. It ensures the effect of the flotation network. The pipe 21 surrounding the suction head has nozzle openings 26. A clean water flow channel surrounds the suction head 6: the float part 6 and joins the suction pipe 2.

6 102307

Figure 4 shows the part of the pipe 2 on the other side of the joint 9 and the suction head 1 at two different heights when there is an ice situation in the water body and cooling water for e.g. power plant j is desired for the pipe.

5 There is ice 28 on the surface of the water. The float head is shown in the upper position 1 'and in broken lines in the lower position 1 ".

When the float and the water intake are near the ice in position 1 ', about 0 ° C water is obtained, which is the most efficient cooling water. Industrial pipelines sometimes have, for example, poorly insulated points that tend to freeze. In this case, the "heating water" is obtained by "defrosting" using the float position 1 "from the bottom 29 of the basin, where the water temperature is often +4 ° C.

In addition to the temperature sensors, the rod 18 at the end of the pipe 2 has a flag 30, because the discharge point of the water-air mixture is usually covered by ice.

Attached to the float are horizontally projecting rods 31 which raise the edge of the ice to improve the horizontal flow of water when the buoy buoyancy is made large. In this way, the flow under the ice is enhanced by 0 ° Creine towards the float, as the ice cover rises and the flow space increases upwards.

Figure 5 shows three positions of the suction head under different conditions. When the water is stratified and the average water temperature is e.g. +4 eC, the water at +4 eC is the heaviest and at the bottom. Surface water has warmed to +5 ° C before 25 eg from the sun or water flow. Some of the interlayer may contain water at a temperature of +3 ° C.

:. In the case of a plant requiring cooling water, it must be taken between the highest position 1 'and the lowest position shown in the figure. In the case of drinking water or non-cooling water from the factory process, it is advisable to take the water from the top, i.e. the warmest point 1 '.

Figure 6 shows a rigid suction pipe 2 which tends to • · ·] ··· the lowest position. At its end is also a flotation curtain 8, however. In this solution, the height adjustment and the support of the pipe end are arranged in such a way that there is a float 6 on the surface, which overcomes the resistance of the weight of the pipe and the bending due to stiffness. The traction cable 13 is attached to the float and leads to the traction device V 1. In this case, the wire is inside the pipe.

7 102307

Loosening the wire lowers the end of the pipe and tightening the wire raises the end of the pipe. A folding wheel for 30 wires is attached to the end of the tube.

Figure 7 shows a solution for the water intake head 5, where there is a similar cleaning method and utilization of the buoyancy and rope for height adjustment as above, but the outer end 2 'of the tube 2 is a vertical "accordion tube". The end 2 'of the tube is an elastic, stretchable tube, an accordion tube or a length-changing telescopic system.

10 The float part 6 is annular and joins the jacket of the pipe end 2 ·. An annular, pressurized water-air mixture pipe 21 is attached to the upper surface of the annular float. Temperature sensors 31 'are attached to the mast 18.

In the embodiment of Figure 8, the water-air mixture pipe 21 is on the lower surface of the annular float 6. At the same time, the dispersion piping 12 leading to the pipe 21 can act as a tension wire.

Figure 9 shows a method of height adjustment and the different positions of the outer 2 'end of the tube 2 in broken lines. The outer end is fixed to the pipe by a joint 9 so that it can also turn 20 towards the shore.

The temperature sensors are fixed at regular intervals to a line 18 with a float 32 at the upper end to keep the line upright. The line is attached at its lower end to the joint 9. The second set of temperature sensors is attached to a line 19 which does not have a float-25 and which is attached to the suction end of the tube and remains below it.

'♦' There are two traction cables or ropes. The first rope 13 «passes from the suction head through a loop 14 attached to the bottom for a traction device, e.g. an automatic winch. The function of the second rope 13 'is to get the suction head around the joint 9 towards the shore. If water is desired only from the shore side of joint 9, only rope 13 is needed and the first rope 13 can be omitted.

j ·. ^ The placement, attachment points and quantity of the ropes and the position and direction of the jet of the air mixture should be adjusted * · 35 as required. The flotation curtain can be oriented conically from the sides, for example (Fig. 9b).

: ... · Figures 10 and 10a show the water intake of the fish farm and the pipe 2 in two positions. The ground 33 has a purification plant and its machines 34. Two wires 13 are attached to the end of the pipe 8 102307, which are led through two parallel loops 14. In this way, the end of the pipe can also be moved laterally.

Figure 1 shows the water intake of the turbine tunnel 35 of the small power plant. The position of the suction head in the height direction can be adjusted according to the height variations of the water surface 23, 23 '.

Fig. 12 shows a solution for adjusting the height position of the suction head when the float 6 is moved by a wire 13 passing through a loop 36 at the outer end of the pipe to the silo mug 14. Pulling the rope 13 brings the float 6 closer to the outer end of the pipe 2. Pulling the second rope 13 'brings the float 6 closer to the surface.

Figure 13 shows a weight 37 moving around the tube 2. If the tube 2 is suitably rigid / flexible and / or in a steep position, one wire or rope is sufficient to transfer the weight.

The weight moves by itself in the direction of the outer end of the tube when the rope 13 is only loosened.

Figure 14 shows a floating ring 38, such as an oil boom, inside the circumference of which the waste 20 rising with the flotation curtain is collected so that it does not return to the water body. The bottom weight 24 can be transferred by a rope 39. The waste collector ring 38 can also act as a float as in Fig. 6.

Figure 15 shows a pump 40 placed at the end of the pipe in the water body, in connection with the float 6. Pressure line 2 25 is connected to the pump.

• Figure 16 also shows a pump 40 surrounded by a flotation curtain 8.

:. * · With the help of ropes 13 guided on both sides, the location of the pipe can be widely selected horizontally.

:: ‘When ropes transfer both bottom weight and shore moorings, the water intake area becomes very wide horizontally and vertically.

The invention can be applied in many different ways. within the framework of the It is essential that the point of the suction head, ie the water intake, can be adjusted in relation to the height position. Water can be «·. 35 clean before entering the pipe. The water intake point can be selected horizontally and / or vertically by pulling the rope or ropes, so automation is also easy because the rope,; The winding of V or the like, e.g. a wire, rope, cable or pipe, is simple and the tensile forces can be adjusted e.g.

„102307 like a pulley. Suitable spindle motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, etc. are suitable for short adjustments.

Since the rope cannot be pushed, the movement raising the suction head is achieved, for example, by taking advantage of the rigidity of the pipe.

5 The best counter-movement is achieved with a float using water lift.

By using an underwater float, the water intake equipment can be made to operate even under an ice cover, even with moving ice, without hindering the operation of the invention. The suction head of the apparatus 10 can also be raised to the surface of the ice, whereby a horizontal flow of 0 ° C water is efficiently obtained at the intake point.

When the cleaning device is at the end of the water intake pipe, even a simple mechanical cleaning device, e.g. a flap, can be cleaned by pulling ropes, moving and even shaking the suction head and the cleaning device.

Due to the properties of water, the water intake needs are very different and there are very different water layers in the water basins, which often change rapidly, e.g. the effects of natural currents, tides, winds, floods, solar warming and weather conditions, as well as the mixing and flow effects of, for example, ship movements.

Sensors such as temperature, pH, solids and pressure sensors can be used in the invention to control the suction head. The sensors can be in series and in the same 25 "masts" near the suction head, in which case the automation program: 'winds the suction head to the optimal position by means of a rope.

· .1 · When a flotation curtain is used as the cleaning device, an automation program can also be connected to control the cleaning device, eg with respect to the water / air ratio and / or the quantity 30.

In the case of a treatment plant, the invention is based on a flotation-type process, but the water to be used does not follow the same route .. as the separable waste, but through the flotation curtain, purifying • · * ... in it. When a small particle enters the flotation curtain or its • ·. 35 flow, it rises under the influence of the flotation flow: Y. Only purified, ie through the flotation curtain: “the gone water gets into the suction pipe and is used. In this review-. Y sa "flotation curtain" means compressed air or water Y. and without the bubble curtain formed by the mixture upon discharge.

10 102307

The contaminants remain in the pool in such a way that they do not need to be further treated at the facilities. Among other things, fish, which is a disadvantage in water treatment, are spared in the pool because they (especially salmonids) are afraid and avoid 5 air bubbles.

In addition to the flotation curtain, e.g. as a security against power outages, etc., there may still be strainer structures, such as a wedge wire screen. The flotation curtain and flow also have a screen cleaning effect.

Thus, in addition to water abstraction and treatment, the invention has implications for fisheries, energy management, air protection and the improvement of pool water and the opening of shipping lanes.

The claims use the phrase "attachment point between the rope and the ground". This means the point of attachment of the rope not only on land, but also, for example, on the bottom of water.

The use of ropes has been described above. The same or different ropes can also be used to rake the suction head due to water currents.

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Claims (12)

102307 11 A method for taking water from a body of water by means of a pipe (2) having a suction head (1) in a body of water, the position of the suction head (1) being adjusted vertically between at least two, preferably 5 different positions, characterized in that water properties are measured and adjusted according to the measurement results. Method according to Claim 1, characterized in that the temperature of the water is measured at different depths and the position of the suction head (1) is adjusted as the temperature values change. Method according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the suction head (1) is fixed in place by means of one or more ropes (13) or a similar flexible member, characterized in that the length of the rope (13) is automatically changed according to water properties measured from different depths. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that a float (6) is used at the suction head (1), the effective lift of which is greater than the gravity and frictional forces acting on the end of the apparatus. Method according to one of Claims 1 to 4, characterized in that pressurized air or a mixture of air and water is introduced around the suction head (1), from which the bursting bubbles form a curtain extending upwards around the suction head; · (8). 6. Apparatus for drawing water from a body of water, the apparatus comprising a pipe (2) fitted to the body of water, fixed in such a way that the position of its water intake is: .i. vertically adjustable, characterized in that the apparatus • · is equipped with one or more sensors (31) measuring the water properties of the water body at different heights 30. Apparatus according to Claim 6, characterized in that the sensors (31) are temperature sensors. Apparatus according to Claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the suction head (1) of the pipe is fixed in place. 35 by means of a float (6) and one or more ropes (13), • 4 the length of which between the suction head (1) on the one hand and the rope (13) on the other hand * · ... and the attachment point (14) between the ground is • «: · Vissa. • · «•« 12 102307 Apparatus according to Claim 8, characterized in that it is provided with a control device for adjusting the length of the rope (13) according to the characteristic values indicated by the sensors (31). Apparatus according to Claim 8 or 9, characterized in that rods (31) projecting to the sides are attached to the float (6). Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 10, characterized in that it is provided with means for conducting a mixture (10) of pressurized air or air and water around the suction head (1). Apparatus according to one of Claims 6 to 11, characterized in that it is provided with means (38) for collecting waste from the surface of the water. »« I i · I I I • · 4% 40 4 * · »· • 1» «• 1 4 · • Iti» e 4 | • i I I I • 4 • I i I I · • 'I 1 I · • 4 t I r l <4 • • · 1 102307 13