FI102210B - Furnace with refractory structure formed of essentially straight soapstone bricks lying next to each other - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention concerns a surface containing a furnace part, whose internal structure is produced by refractory walls 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26 with duplex direction, which is created by a number of soapstone bricks 12a, 12b placed next to each other, whose laying direction is perpendicular to the plane surfaces defined by walls 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26 to create the furnace's refractory surfaces to refractory walls with duplex direction and a binder is present between the soapstone bricks, binding them together. In order for the furnace to be quickly and simply erected but nevertheless be good in terms of quality, the refractory walls 13, 14, 23, 24, 25, 26 are formed of several soapstone bricks 12a, 12b containing a factory-produced element with duplex direction, one surface of this element containing at least one reinforcement 89 that extends at least largely in the longitudinal direction of the element 13, 14, 23a-23d, 24a-24d, 25a,25b, 26a-26d and at least largely perpendicular to the laying direction to keep the soapstone bricks tightly against each other to avoid cracking of the soapstone bricks. The invention also concerns a refractory structure to create a furnace according to the invention. <IMAGE>

Description

, 102210

Fireplace and refractory structure made of adjacent, mainly rectangular, flint bricks

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to a fireplace according to the preamble of claim 1. The invention also relates to a refractory structure formed from adjacent, substantially rectangular soapstone bricks according to the preamble of claim 4.

Soapstone has a structured or lust-like structure. The soapstone 10 is lust-like in only one direction and its splitting regularly takes place only in the lust direction. By the term parallelepiped wall is meant a wall in which the lameness follows the direction of the plane of the wall. By the term counter-wall is meant a wall in which the play is perpendicular to the plane of the wall. Fireplace casings are parallelepiped walls. Partition walls are used in the internal structures of fireplaces because they can withstand high temperatures.

Fireplaces made of soapstone elements are popular heat sources, which are used especially in detached houses and terraced houses. Fireplaces are bricked on site because a large fireplace, weighing up to several thousand kilograms, is virtually impossible to manufacture into a prefabricated product that, as such, could be transported and installed in place of use. In practice, the person erecting the fireplace must be very careful and professional in order to avoid errors in the erection. Due to the fact that the fireplace consists of up to several hundred stone elements that have to be moved and masonry in place, the movements of the stone elements are laborious and the erection of the fireplace takes a long time, which is of course undesirable. The masonry mortar and adhesive • «· connecting the stone bricks must dry for about 2 days before the fireplace can be used. If the joints between the stone bricks • * ·· are bad, the operating characteristics of the fireplace will not be good; in addition, poor seams accelerate the wear of the fireplace. If the mason has not laid the joints straight and / or the composition of the masonry mortar or glue 30 at the joints is not completely correct, a bad joint will be formed. Because masonry mortar and adhesive are manufactured on site and the straightness of the joints depends on the masonry's care, the professionalism and careful work of the mason is very important:.:.: Significant for the end result.

...: The refractory structures formed of adjacent soapstone bricks are 35 quite well known in fireplaces. In the surface stones of fireplaces, the flat direction is "natural". : i.e. parallel to or parallel to the level of the surface stone. In the case of fireplaces exposed to flames or high temperatures, the flattening direction of the walls is chosen so that the surface facing the fire or high temperatures is a counter surface, i.e. the counter-stone is used as fire surfaces. In the internal structures of fireplaces, such as the walls of a hearth, large partition walls must be used, the creation of which requires the connection of several soapstone bricks. As a result, the central walls and structures of the fireplace are made up of several dozen soapstone bricks that are laid on site. The structures may further comprise chamfered surfaces, which means that the soapstone bricks forming said chamfered surfaces must have corresponding chamfered surfaces. The chamfered surfaces are slow due to the structure of the stones. The manufacture of said walls and structures is complicated by the fact that their size is specific to the fireplace, which varies the number and size of soapstone bricks.

Brief description of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to provide a new stove, the construction of which is such that its erection does not require as much time and great skill and care as the erection of traditional fireplaces, and whose construction allows material savings by making use of already worked small pieces of stone which otherwise there would be wasted material. In addition, the transfer of the bricks needed to create the fireplace, as well as the packaging 20 and the unpacking, are greatly facilitated.

This object is achieved by a fireplace according to the invention, which is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of independent claim 1. Preferred embodiments of the fireplace according to the invention appear from the appended claims 2 and 3. The term "prefabricated resistance element" means an element manufactured under factory conditions or the like, which typically comprises several soapstone bricks, for example 5-10 bricks. The number of bricks is at least two, but the number can exceed ten. It is known that cracking of bricks can occur recklessly when heating a fireplace. The reinforcement could also be called a support element because it has a lightening effect on the tu-30 element. Preferably, the reinforcement is a steel reinforcement fitted to the element »· · / ♦ · / ·. in the groove formed on the surface, since the groove allows the reinforcement to be firmly bonded to the surrounding structure, for example with a heat-resistant adhesive or a glass: account. Said surface preferably has two grooves and two reinforcements. The career is hel -: ../ mail achievable by milling. Thanks to the groove, the surface of the element remains planar. 35 without protruding reinforcement. The surface on which the reinforcement is mounted is preferably the surface opposite to the fire surface of the element, subjected to a lower heat load in use, so that the fire surface of the element remains as homogeneous as possible.

The main advantages of the fireplace according to the invention are that it is quick and easy to set up and allows considerable raw material savings. Instead of laying several ten-5 soapstone bricks, the fireplace erector only needs to install a few refractory elements in place when making the interior structure of the fireplace. In the structures (elements) of the fireplace, it is possible to utilize such machined small pieces of stone by gluing them together, which pieces of stone normally end up in landfills. The durability of the fireplace is even better than the durability of the known fireplaces, because the refractory walls are at least mainly made in factory conditions or the like, whereby the quality of the fireplace is ensured even before it is erected. In addition, since the reinforcement has the effect of holding the refractory element together, cracking of the element in use along the groove directions or along the seams is less likely than before, which contributes to a favorable effect on the durability of the fireplace. In addition, the joint between the soapstone bricks can be made thinner due to the reinforcement, which improves the heat transfer from one brick to another, which reduces the formation of high point temperatures and thus reduces the tendency of the joints to weather.

The refractory structure formed of adjacent leaking stones according to the invention is characterized by what is stated in the characterizing part of independent claim 4. Preferably, the reinforcement is fitted in a groove formed in the surface of the structure. In this case, the reinforcement does not protrude from the surface of the structure, in which case it could be in the way when another building element is installed in the immediate vicinity of the structure. Preferred embodiments of the refractory structure are set out in the appended claims 5-11.

♦ ··

The refractory structure according to the invention, which can be said to be element-like and typically planar-like, is preferably manufactured under factory conditions. The advantage of the structure is that it can be handled, such as transported and worked, without the practical risk of it breaking down. It should be noted that without the bond between the 30 reinforcements and the adhesive (or mortar) holding the stone bricks together, the durability of the structure would be quite poor: if subjected to a load • · · perpendicular to its longitudinal direction, it would easily break along the - -. . For this reason, traditional refractory structures have only been completed at the fireplace site. In the manufacture of the refractory structure according to the invention, it is not necessary to wait for the joint or binder between the soapstone tiles to dry before transporting the structure to storage, e.g., 222210 4 Slanted, because a properly formed reinforcement can be expected to give the structure the necessary strength - especially if the reinforcement is prestressed. that adjacent soapstone bricks are pressed against each other. Alternatively or in addition, the required handling strength can be provided by using two spaced apart steel strips embedded in a corresponding groove obliquely to each other in opposite directions.

The refractory structure according to the invention is typically made in the form of a plank, in which case it can be called a base board. Such a counter-talc is quite easy to handle under factory conditions. The structure can be machined, such as sawed to the desired length and given any bevels, to suit its intended use. With a single machining operation, such as sawing, many soapstone bricks can be machined at the same time. Vuotuki viti i i GMOs binder as well as between the stiffener and is preferably surrounding adhesive will take care of the fact that the structure has the necessary handling strength during the cutting process. When the structure-15 according to the invention is used to provide the internal structures of a fireplace, its size is limited so that it can be handled by one person.

The advantages of a refractory structure are that it enables the rapid manufacture and installation of a fireplace and other refractory structure with a good and durable result. The refractory structure significantly facilitates the transfer and packaging of stones 20 (bricks) at the factory, as well as the unloading and transfer of stones on site. The possibility of installation errors is substantially reduced. In addition to the conventional bricks, pieces of waste stone can be utilized in providing the structure according to the invention, which saves on raw material costs.

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Brief description of the figures

The invention will now be described in more detail by means of a preferred embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawing, in which: Figure 1 shows an overview of a fireplace made of leaking stone; 30 Figures 2-4 illustrate the structure of a known fireplace, in which the inner • · · structures are made of stone brick; Fig. 5 shows a refractory structure according to the invention and illustrates its provision; Fig. 6 shows an alternative structure to Fig. 5 in an end view,. 35 na; Figures 7 and 8 show two structures of different dimensions for use in the manufacture of the fireplace according to the invention shown in Figures 9-11; and Figures 9-11 illustrate the structure of a fireplace according to the invention.

5 Detailed description of the invention

Figure 1 shows a fireplace made of soapstone bricks. The pin stones of the fireplace are indicated by reference number 1 and the corner stones by reference number 2.

Figures 2-4 illustrate the erection of the fireplace according to Figure 1 when it is erected in a conventional known manner using soapstone bricks, which are individually installed and joined together with mortar at the place of use of the fireplace. In Figure 2, the only partially prefabricated partition walls surrounding the hearth of the fireplace are denoted by reference numerals 3, 4 and 5. It can be seen from the figures that the hearth is immediately surrounded by an order of magnitude of about 100 soapstone bricks of a few different dimensions. For example, soapstone bricks 6, 7 and 8 are different in mi-15 work, cf. Figure 3. In addition, the walls may have chamfered points: for example, the soapstone brick 9 is chamfered 10. It will be appreciated that masonry of the walls 3, 4, 5 is time consuming and requires skill. In addition, carelessly carried out masonry work results in a poor fireplace.

Figure 2 shows in broken lines the flat direction of the walls 3, 4, 5 and the soapstone bricks 20, which in the conventional way is in accordance with the figure, so that the resistance of the walls without cracking is good at high temperatures.

Figure 5 shows a plank-like stone structure 11 according to the invention, hereinafter referred to as stone plank. The stone plank 11 is suitable for use in providing the walls 3, 4, 5 according to Figure 2. The idea is then that the stone plank 11 according to Fig. 5 is manufactured under factory conditions, typically in a factory * · * .. where the individual bricks 12 of the stone walls are made, and is sawn under factory conditions into elements or building modules of suitable length which are suitable. ': to be installed in the fireplace at its installation site. An example of such a structure is an element formed by reference numeral 13 in Fig. 9, formed of nine adjacent soap-30 stone bricks 12b. Reference numeral 14 indicates another element, • · · λ *. whose non-rectangular shape is obtained by sawing.

*. The following shows how the stone plank 11 of Fig. 5 is obtained.

• · v .: Sawing a stone plank 15 drawn with a broken line, the chipping direction of which is a stone plank; · Longitudinal, into brick-shaped stone pieces 12 ’. Bricks 12 ’are placed side by side, ·’ ·. 35 so that their large side surfaces are against each other and a bonding or binder, for example a refractory glue or mortar, is placed between the bricks. In this case, the flat direction of the stone slab 11 formed is perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the stone slab, in contrast to the stone slab 15. Two parallel grooves 16, 17 are machined on the surface of the stone slab 11, which follow the longitudinal direction of the stone slab. Such grooves are easily obtained by milling. Steel wires 18,19 are inserted inside the grooves 16,17, which are then prestressed, after which locking members 20 are placed at the ends of the prestressed steel bars. The locking members 20 keep the steel wires prestressed. The locking members 20 can be, for example, so-called wire locks. Due to the prestressing, the steel wires 18, 19 keep the individual bricks 12 of the stone plank pressed tightly against each other. The compression keeps the stone plank 11 in size, even if the binder 21 between the bricks 12 has not yet fully hardened. A binder is embedded in the grooves 16, 17 so that the steel wires are attached to each brick 12. To illustrate the structure of the rock plank 11 in Figure 5, the binder 22 of the groove 17 is drawn, but not the binder of the groove 16. The length of the stone plank 11 can be, for example, 2 to 3 m.

Thanks to the steel bars 18, 19, the stone plank 11 can be handled and transported without an immediate risk of the bricks 12 or the seams 21 between them breaking. Machining the stone plank 11, such as sawing, to the desired length is easy. The majority of all the fire surfaces of the fireplace are obtained by machining the stone plank 11 according to Fig. 5 into elements or modules of the desired length, which are connected to each other.

Fig. 6 shows an alternative stone board 110 to the stone wire shown in Fig. 5, in which the steel wires 18, 19 of Fig. 5 have been replaced by reinforcements in the form of steel strips 180, f 190. The steel strips 180,190 are placed in opposite directions within the oblique grooves 160, 170. The steel strips 180, 190 can be prestressed and the grooves 160, 170 can be covered with a binder. Due to the oblique steel strips 180, 190, the individual bricks 120 are prevented from sliding relative to each other while the binder between the bricks is still uncured. Contrary to Figure 6, the second or both steel strip and the corresponding groove structure can be directly within the scope of the invention: the grooves which are perpendicular to the surface of the stone plank are very easy to machine.

. *. * · 30 In practice, it is likely that two, perhaps three, basic slabs of different thicknesses will be needed to provide different fireplaces, where the size of the individual bricks 12 will differ.

ν ·: Plank or structure type 11a suitable for the rear of the fire deck 25

• * I

26 and partly for the manufacture of the front wall (element 14) units are shown in Figure 7 and a plank or structure type 11b suitable for the side walls 23, 24 and. ' : partly for the manufacture of the front wall (element 13), is shown in Fig. 8.

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The structures 11a and 11b of Figures 7 and 8 differ from the stone wire 11 shown in Figure 5 in that they comprise, in addition to reinforcements 18a, 19a and 18b, 19b, reinforcements 18aa, 19aa embedded in the grooves according to Figure 5, 18bb, 19bb. Reinforcements 18aa, 5 19aa, and 18bb, 19bb further provide rigidity to the structures 11a, 11b, preventing the introduction of truck soapstone bricks 12a and resp. 12b slips relative to each other in the event that the binder 210 may not yet be fully cured.

Figure 9 illustrates the erection of the fireplace of Figure 1 utilizing the elements of the invention.

Fig. 10 illustrates the fireplace of Fig. 9 seen from the side and prefabricated.

Fig. 11 shows a section along the line XI-XI in Fig. 10.

It can be seen from Figures 9-11 that the fireplace surfaces of the fireplace can be provided from only a few of the base elements 13, 14, 23a to 23d, 24a to 24d, 25a, 25b, 15a to 26d, which are connected to each other at the location of the fireplace. Thus, for example, the side walls 23, 24 and the front wall 1314 of the fireplace hearth are provided at least mainly (possibly with the exception of some individual stone elements) of the nine counter-elements 23a to 23d, 24a to 24d and 13, 14 instead of having to connect about 60 stone bricks together. in the case of Fig. 4 20. The hearth 25 and the rear wall 16 of the firebox can be formed with a small number of elements 25a, 25b and resp. 26a - 26d. The elements are positioned so that the surfaces comprising their reinforcements, collectively assigned reference numeral 89, do not point towards the firebox. The reinforcement 89 of each element holds all the soapstone bricks in the element tightly together. The reinforcements 89 v 25 correspond to the reinforcements shown in Figures 6 to 8.

It can be seen from Figure 11 that the thickness of the elements 26a used in the rear wall 26 is smaller than the thickness of the elements 23c, 24c used in the side walls 23, 24 and the element 13 used in the front wall. For example, the thickness of the rear wall is 90 mm, the side wall 120 mm, and the front wall 90 and 120 mm - depending on the viewing point 30, because the thickness of the front wall elements 13 and 14 varies, cf.

• · · Figure 10. The thickness of the individual bricks in said walls is 60 mm and the width is 300 • · · *. mm.

<· V .: The invention has been described above by way of example and it is therefore pointed out that the invention is feasible in detail in many ways as enclosed. · ·. Within the scope of claims 35. Thus, it is conceivable that the plank-like ra-. '. some surface of the field does not necessarily have to have two grooves and reinforcements formed in them, but instead said surface of the structure comprises only one groove, the groove formed on the adjacent surface of the structure and the reinforcement formed therein (cf. Fig. 7) having the required strength to the adoption. It is even conceivable that there is no groove for reinforcements at all, in which case the reinforcement would be on the surface of the structure. However, such a solution is generally not good, as the reinforcement would be in the way of matching the elements against each other. The same surface can also have several grooves for several reinforcements. The use of a binder surrounding the reinforcements is highly recommended, although in some applications non-use of such a binder may be considered. 10 Prestressing of reinforcements is not necessary, but it improves both the operating and handling properties of the structure. Of course, the reinforcement does not have to be in the form of a steel wire or steel strip, but such moldings are readily available and allow the structure to have the desired properties at a low cost. Alternatively, the reinforcement could be, for example, a wire rope, a rail, for example a so-called hoop rail, or possibly a collar.

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Claims (11)

1. A fireplace, comprising a fireplace, the inner building of which the electric city has been provided by refractory, factory-made stone walls (1314, 23, 24, 25, p. 26), which are formed by a plurality of stone tiles (12a, 12b) placed next to each other. The abattoir walls (1314, 23, 24, 25, 26) are formed in a manner known per se known by elements (13, 14, 23a - 23d, 24a - 24d, 25a, 25b, 26a - 26d) with an impact direction comprising several soapstone tiles (12a, 12b) in which the direction of the soapstones are perpendicular to the planar surfaces defined by the stone walls (1314, 23, 24, 25, 26) to provide the fire hearth's fire surfaces to refractory walls and between the soapstone bricks bonding adhesives (21), and - the direction of impact comprising the plane surface of the elements (13, 14, 23a - 23d, 24a 15 - 24d, 25a, 25b, 26a - 26d) comprises at least one stiffening (89) substantially perpendicular to the direction of impact, which stiffening (89) extends ice rotate the longitudinal direction of the elements (13, 14, 23a - 23d, 24a - 24d, 25a, 25b, 26a - 26d) to keep the soapstone bricks in the element close together and to prevent cracking of the soapstone bricks. Fireplace according to claim 1, characterized in that the stiffener (89) is arranged in a latch formed in the plane surface of the element (13, 14, 23a - 23d, 24a -24d, 25a, 25b, 26a - 26d). Fireplace according to claim 2, characterized in that the rafter is arranged in an opposite plane surface in relation to the surface of the element (13, 14, 23a - 23d, 24a; 25 - 24d, 25a, 25b, 26a - 26d). 4. Refractory structure (11; 11a; 11b; 110) formed by next to each other, mainly rectangular soapstone bricks (12; 12a; 12b; v · 120) intended for use in fireplaces inner constructions and in other surfaces subjected to excessive temperature load, the direction of impact of which construction is perpendicular: Y: 30 perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the structure and between the soapstone bricks, there are also binding adhesives (21) to each other, characterized in that the structure (11; 11a; 11b; 110) the plane surface comprises at least one stiffening (18, 19; 18a, 18aa, 19a, 19aa; 18b, 18bb, 19b 19bb; 180, 190) extending substantially perpendicular to the direction of impact and at least substantially in the longitudinal direction of the structure to pour the soapstone stem of the structure 12 (12; 12a; 12b; 120) tightly together during the processing and use of the structure. 5. Refractory structure according to claim 4, characterized in that the stiffener (18, 19; 18a, 18aa, 19a, 19aa; 18b, 18bb, 19b 19bb; 180, 5 190) is arranged in a groove (16, 17; 160, 170). ) formed in the plane surface of the structure (11; 11a; 11b; 110). 6. Refractory structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the latch (16, 17; 160, 170), in addition to the stiffening (18, 19; 18a, 18aa, 19a, 19aa; 18b, 18bb, 19b, 19bb; 180, 190) also has adhesives which attach the stiffener to the structure (11; 11a; 11b; 110). Refractory structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the stiffening (18, 19; 18a, 18aa, 19a, 19aa; 18b, 18bb, 19b 19bb; 180, 190) is biased to press the structure (11; 11a; 11b) next to it. adjacent bricks (12; 12a; 12b; 120) facing each other. Refractory structure according to claim 5, characterized in that the plane surface of the structure (11; 11a; 11b; 110) has two rectangular rafters (16, 17; 160, 170) which exhibit stiffeners (18, 19; 18a, 18aa, 19a). 19aa; 18b, 18bb, 19b 19bb; 180, 190). 9. A refractory structure according to any of claims 4 to 8, characterized in that the stiffening is an actuating tree (18, 19; 18a, 18aa, 19a, 19aa; 18b, 18bb, 19b, 19bb). 10. A refractory structure according to any of claims 4 to 6 and 8, characterized in that the stiffening is an adjustable strip (180,190) which is recessed in a groove (160,170) formed obliquely in the plane surface of the structure (110). .; : 25 11. Refractory structure according to claim 10, characterized in that the plane surface of the structure (110) has two spaced apart from each other: ·. being grounding straps (180,190), which are recessed in the opposite direction * ·: ·. in relation to each other obliquely-extending rafters (160,170). • • • • • • • • • • • • 1