ES505055A0 - Un procedimiento para obtener un material sin tejer afelpa- do, de peso especialmente ligero y blando - Google Patents

Un procedimiento para obtener un material sin tejer afelpa- do, de peso especialmente ligero y blando

Info

Publication number
ES505055A0
ES505055A0 ES505055A ES505055A ES505055A0 ES 505055 A0 ES505055 A0 ES 505055A0 ES 505055 A ES505055 A ES 505055A ES 505055 A ES505055 A ES 505055A ES 505055 A0 ES505055 A0 ES 505055A0
Authority
ES
Spain
Prior art keywords
plush
lightweight
procedure
obtaining
free
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
ES505055A
Other languages
English (en)
Spanish (es)
Other versions
ES8206687A1 (es
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Carl Freudenberg KG
Original Assignee
Carl Freudenberg KG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6110569&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=ES505055(A0) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by Carl Freudenberg KG filed Critical Carl Freudenberg KG
Publication of ES8206687A1 publication Critical patent/ES8206687A1/es
Publication of ES505055A0 publication Critical patent/ES505055A0/es
Granted legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • D04H1/485Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation in combination with weld-bonding
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/4334Polyamides
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/42Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties characterised by the use of certain kinds of fibres insofar as this use has no preponderant influence on the consolidation of the fleece
    • D04H1/4326Condensation or reaction polymers
    • D04H1/435Polyesters
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/44Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling
    • D04H1/46Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres
    • D04H1/48Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties the fleeces or layers being consolidated by mechanical means, e.g. by rolling by needling or like operations to cause entanglement of fibres in combination with at least one other method of consolidation
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5412Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres sheath-core
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/541Composite fibres, e.g. sheath-core, sea-island or side-by-side; Mixed fibres
    • D04H1/5418Mixed fibres, e.g. at least two chemically different fibres or fibre blends
    • DTEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04HMAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H1/00Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
    • D04H1/40Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties
    • D04H1/54Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres from fleeces or layers composed of fibres without existing or potential cohesive properties by welding together the fibres, e.g. by partially melting or dissolving
    • D04H1/542Adhesive fibres
    • D04H1/549Polyamides
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/682Needled nonwoven fabric
    • Y10T442/684Containing at least two chemically different strand or fiber materials
    • Y10T442/688Containing polymeric strand or fiber material
    • YGENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10TTECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/69Autogenously bonded nonwoven fabric

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Nonwoven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
ES505055A 1980-08-28 1981-08-28 Un procedimiento para obtener un material sin tejer afelpa- do, de peso especialmente ligero y blando Granted ES505055A0 (es)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3032398A DE3032398C2 (de) 1980-08-28 1980-08-28 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines flauschigen, insbesondere leichtgewichtigen, weichen Vliesstoffes

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
ES8206687A1 ES8206687A1 (es) 1982-08-16
ES505055A0 true ES505055A0 (es) 1982-08-16

Family

ID=6110569

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
ES505055A Granted ES505055A0 (es) 1980-08-28 1981-08-28 Un procedimiento para obtener un material sin tejer afelpa- do, de peso especialmente ligero y blando

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4451314A (en, 2012)
EP (1) EP0046834B1 (en, 2012)
JP (1) JPS5742950A (en, 2012)
AT (1) ATE9011T1 (en, 2012)
DE (2) DE3032398C2 (en, 2012)
ES (1) ES505055A0 (en, 2012)

Families Citing this family (38)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CA1223764A (en) * 1983-10-19 1987-07-07 August Murka, Jr. Papermaker's felt
US4818586A (en) * 1986-01-21 1989-04-04 Gates Formed-Fibre Products, Inc. Preferentially needled textile panel and method
GB8905789D0 (en) * 1989-03-14 1989-04-26 Emhart Materials Uk Improved needling process
GB2231531A (en) * 1989-05-05 1990-11-21 Emhart Materials Uk Improved insole material
AT395025B (de) * 1990-08-17 1992-08-25 Fehrer Textilmasch Verfahren und vorrichtung zum nadeln einer warenbahn fuer die papiermaschinenfilzherstellung
US5631073A (en) * 1992-02-03 1997-05-20 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nonwoven sheet materials, tapes and methods
US5496603A (en) * 1992-02-03 1996-03-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nonwoven sheet materials, tapes and methods
WO1993015245A1 (en) * 1992-02-03 1993-08-05 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Nonwoven sheet materials, tapes and methods
US5679190A (en) * 1992-02-03 1997-10-21 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Method of making nonwoven sheet materials, tapes
US5658655A (en) * 1993-02-19 1997-08-19 Hoechst Celanese Corporation Heterofilaments for cord reinforcement in rubber goods
US5968855A (en) * 1997-03-04 1999-10-19 Bba Nonwovens Simpsonville, Inc. Nonwoven fabrics having liquid transport properties and processes for manufacturing the same
JP3877842B2 (ja) * 1997-03-05 2007-02-07 ユニチカ株式会社 面ファスナー用雌材の製造方法
US6329016B1 (en) 1997-09-03 2001-12-11 Velcro Industries B.V. Loop material for touch fastening
US6342285B1 (en) 1997-09-03 2002-01-29 Velcro Industries B.V. Fastener loop material, its manufacture, and products incorporating the material
US6869659B2 (en) 1997-09-03 2005-03-22 Velcro Industries B.V. Fastener loop material, its manufacture, and products incorporating the material
JP2003503538A (ja) 1999-06-18 2003-01-28 スリーエム イノベイティブ プロパティズ カンパニー 不織シート、接着剤物品およびその製造方法
JP2001146671A (ja) * 1999-11-16 2001-05-29 Toyobo Co Ltd 長繊維不織布
ES2299479T3 (es) 2000-03-14 2008-06-01 Velcro Industries B.V. Cierre de gancho y presilla.
US6673158B1 (en) 2000-08-21 2004-01-06 The Procter & Gamble Company Entangled fibrous web of eccentric bicomponent fibers and method of using
US6534174B1 (en) * 2000-08-21 2003-03-18 The Procter & Gamble Company Surface bonded entangled fibrous web and method of making and using
CN1248615C (zh) * 2001-06-12 2006-04-05 维尔克鲁工业公司 用于接触式扣紧的毛圈材料
EP1567701A1 (de) * 2002-11-27 2005-08-31 Fleissner GmbH Verfahren und anlage zur gleichmässigen verfestigung eines faservlieses
WO2004049853A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2004-06-17 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling through carrier sheets to form loops
US20050196580A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Loop materials
US20050196583A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-09-08 Provost George A. Embossing loop materials
US7465366B2 (en) * 2002-12-03 2008-12-16 Velero Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US7547469B2 (en) * 2002-12-03 2009-06-16 Velcro Industries B.V. Forming loop materials
US20050217092A1 (en) * 2002-12-03 2005-10-06 Barker James R Anchoring loops of fibers needled into a carrier sheet
GB0409253D0 (en) * 2004-04-26 2004-05-26 Lewmar Ltd Winch and winch drum
US7562426B2 (en) * 2005-04-08 2009-07-21 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
US20080113152A1 (en) * 2006-11-14 2008-05-15 Velcro Industries B.V. Loop Materials
EP2152948B1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2014-03-19 Velcro Industries B.V. Anchoring loops of fibers needled into a carrier sheet
WO2008154303A1 (en) * 2007-06-07 2008-12-18 Velcro Industries B.V. Needling loops into carrier sheets
EP2747726B1 (en) 2011-08-25 2015-10-28 Velcro Industries B.V. Hook-engageable loop fasteners and related systems and methods
EP2747594B1 (en) 2011-08-25 2015-08-26 Velcro Industries B.V. Loop-engageable fasteners and related systems and methods
CN108179550B (zh) * 2018-03-13 2020-09-08 苏州多瑈新材料科技有限公司 一种超柔蓬松的轻质长丝非织造复合材料及其制备方法
EP3829744A4 (en) * 2018-08-03 2022-03-16 3M Innovative Properties Company AIR FILTER HOLDER INCLUDING STRETCHED SPUN-BONDED WEB, METHODS OF MAKING AND USING
US20210213702A1 (en) * 2019-12-17 2021-07-15 Saint-Gobain Abrasives, Inc. Nonwoven article

Family Cites Families (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2437689A (en) * 1939-10-23 1948-03-16 American Viscose Corp Process for making needle felts
NL235456A (en, 2012) * 1958-08-04 1900-01-01
DE1635494B2 (de) * 1967-04-27 1976-06-10 Fa. Carl Freudenberg, 6940 Weinheim Nadelvliesteppich und verfahren zu dessen herstellung
DE7125669U (de) * 1971-07-05 1971-11-11 Akzo Gmbh Genadelte maschenstoffbahn
JPS5335622B2 (en, 2012) * 1971-11-09 1978-09-28
US3935046A (en) * 1972-11-06 1976-01-27 Imperial Chemical Industries Limited Non-woven fabrics
JPS5046978A (en, 2012) * 1973-08-31 1975-04-26
JPS5113126A (en) * 1974-07-23 1976-02-02 Kureha Seni Kk Kaapetsutono seizohoho
JPS5335622A (en) * 1976-09-16 1978-04-03 Hitachi Ltd Method and apparatus to regenerate used cast sand
JPS5335623A (en) * 1976-09-16 1978-04-03 Gou Tetsukoushiyo Kk Apparatus and method to crush regenerate and recover pouring gate runner weir and feed head

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE3165487D1 (en) 1984-09-20
EP0046834A1 (de) 1982-03-10
EP0046834B1 (de) 1984-08-15
ES8206687A1 (es) 1982-08-16
JPS6240458B2 (en, 2012) 1987-08-28
DE3032398A1 (de) 1982-03-04
US4451314A (en) 1984-05-29
ATE9011T1 (de) 1984-09-15
JPS5742950A (en) 1982-03-10
DE3032398C2 (de) 1984-04-19

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
ES505055A0 (es) Un procedimiento para obtener un material sin tejer afelpa- do, de peso especialmente ligero y blando
JPS5742951A (en) Fleece material for core cloth
SE7704747L (sv) Filterduk och sett att framstella dylik
DE3575747D1 (de) Nichtgewobener chirurgischer schwamm mit unter x-strahlen aufspuerbarem element.
NO833546L (no) Ikke-vevet stoff, samt fremgangsmaate til fremstilling av dette
ES475819A1 (es) Procedimiento para la obtencion de un material laminar a partir de loofahs.
ES435049A1 (es) Procedimiento de fabricacion de un tejido de refuerzo.
NO810572L (no) Stroempebukse.
MX9100039A (es) Procedimiento para obtener telas no tejidas,trabajadas con agujas
GB2065474A (en) Bag against parasites
BE862853A (fr) Tissu a mailles cousu, en matiere de fibres de verre
ES8100245A1 (es) Un proceso para obtener un agente suavizante para acabado textil
ES443812A1 (es) Procedimiento y dispositivo para seccionar una seleccion de cabos de hilos que aparecen en una de las caras de al menos una napa de tejido.
GB2014624A (en) Method of Forming a Cutting- Pattern Outline on a Knitted Nap Fabric Web
ES302837A1 (es) Un procedimiento para confeccionar una tela no tejida
JPS53147894A (en) Emboss processing of synthetic fiber knitted fabric
ES228045U (es) Cubrecolchon.
ES323232A1 (es) Procedimiento para la fabricacion de una tela no tejida.
GB1062550A (en) An improved catamenial garment
IT8122085A0 (it) Procedimento di formazione di un tessuto a maglia tagliato longitudinalmente e dispositivoper effettuare il detto procedimento.
BR7906301A (pt) Processo de produzir um artigo de tecido de malha em um tear de malharia,artigo de tecido de malharia,aparelho para um tear de malharia e tear de malharia
BR7802615A (pt) Saturador de vapor para conjuntos de beneficiamento texti
ES249078U (es) Un tejido perfeccionado
JO1055B1 (en) Method for producing needle-woven nonwoven fabrics with decorative patterns
ES222682U (es) Estructura textil para armado de estratificados de resina sintetica.

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
FD1A Patent lapsed

Effective date: 19980202