ES2961135A1 - Assembleable system for support on slabs and execution base for facades and party walls of double-leaf non-structural factory enclosures (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Assembleable system for support on slabs and base for the execution of facades and party walls of double-leaf non-structural factory enclosures with insulation, interior chamber with drainage, comprising at least one prefabricated piece (1) that comprises: - a first support area (4) located below, configured to support the piece itself (1) on a slab edge (2) of a building, - a second support area (5) located above on an interior face of the piece (1), configured to support the second leaf of an interior façade enclosure (3), - a third support area (6) located superiorly on an exterior face of the piece (1), configured to support the first leaf of an enclosure of exterior factory façade (3), where - between the second support zone (5) and the third support zone (6) there is a space that defines an air chamber (8). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Assembleable system for support on slabs and execution base for facades and party walls of double-leaf non-structural factory enclosures

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to a device that has application in the field of construction, and more specifically in the field of the execution of non-structural facades, allowing a system of parts to be achieved in a simple, easy to install and economical way. prefabricated assembleable for support in floors of double-leaf factory enclosures that provide thermal insulation and drainage of humidity from the interior of the chambers of said enclosures.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Nowadays, it is common for the non-structural enclosures that form the envelope of buildings to be made up of an exterior brick masonry wall, an air chamber with or without insulation and a thinner interior wall that closes said chamber. These enclosures are made by supporting a first course of brick on the edge of the slab of the floor of the corresponding building, and blowing off a part of the dimension of said brick in order to later patch the structure. In these cases, pathologies related to said support are common. These pathologies are usually associated with defects in the continuity of the masonry and a poor delivery of said masonry in its support on the edge of the slab (sometimes related to the dimensions of the brick), which can produce insufficient stability and incorrect transmission of loads. , and which can affect successive plants, causing deformations, fissures and even cracks. When this lack of support and stability occurs, the hanging and falling of panels can occur with the consequent risk to the safety of people and property. On the other hand, it must also be taken into account that the movements generated by enclosures of this type may be different from those generated in the structure that supports it. The enclosure in these cases suffers -for example- expansions and contractions due to climatic actions. However, the structure on which it rests suffers deformations due to the loads it supports, conditions related to geotechnics, displacements, etc. This usually produces fissures and cracks, detachments, and sometimes even the fall of the enclosure in the contact areas between the enclosure and the structure.

On the other hand, in this type of enclosures, pathologies related to the appearance of humidity from the thermal bridge that occurs through the edge of the slab can occur, in addition to the very frequent horizontal cracks and detachments of pieces due to lack of adhesion in this zone. In geographical locations with high ambient humidity and high rainfall, it is common for rainwater to penetrate the back of the first leaf of the enclosure (exterior wall), causing the subsequent layers of the enclosure to become wet. The constructive improvements must come hand in hand with improving the insulating capacity of said chamber, as well as the edge of the slab, at the same time avoiding the concentration of water inside this air chamber. Therefore, in addition to requiring the inclusion of an insulation material, it is of great interest to carry out a drainage-evacuation of the water that could occur and accumulate in said air chamber, using drainage pipes made of waterproof material placed in holes made in the air chamber. outer leaf of the enclosure. This would achieve the direct evacuation to the outside of the filtered or condensed water, collected through a drainage channel (shaped like a half-round), made with industrial cement mortar, with a water-repellent additive, burnished finish, and waterproofed with a elastic coating based on polymers, applied in successive layers with a roller or brush.

The function of the air, and where appropriate, the insulation of the chamber, is fundamentally to achieve an intermediate temperature between the air on the street and the air inside the different rooms. On the other hand, the humid air from outside is transmitted through these elements of the façade to the chamber and subsequently passes into the interior of the home or living quarters. This causes the interior humidity to increase and with it the chances of condensation.

Given that these solutions usually entail various inconveniences due to their omission or incorrect execution on site, with the proposed invention all these effects could be significantly reduced.

The book “Architecture without fissures” by Ed. Munilla-Lería (Madrid 2000), indicates the need to advance in the improvement of this problem, showing 8 different ways of supporting the brick factory-enclosure flying over the edge of the slab:

1. Above the normal thickness of the slab, setting back the pillar slightly.

2. On the thinned thickness of the front of the slab forming a lower heel.

3. On the thinned thickness of the front of the slab forming an upper heel.

4. Continuous angular envelope with a width less than the brick arranged on the underside. 5. Continuous angular envelope with a width less than the brick arranged on the upper face.

6. Angled envelope running the width of the brick plus chamber, fixed to the front.

7. On independent steel sheet brackets fixed to the front.

8. Over bricks flying over the edge of the slab.

Although some of these options improve the problem described, they still present drawbacks. The first four present problems similar to those presented. Those that use a continuous angle (angled steel profiles) present the difficulty of regulation and adjustment between the front of the slab and the front of the brick façade, and of having to cut out different pieces of profiles in situ. The option of using sheet metal brackets means having these on a continuous basis with the subsequent costs of material, manufacturing and installation, as well as the fact that said material may deteriorate in the future (oxidation, corrosion, etc.) with the resulting lack of support. of the enclosure. The last option of blowing up the brick, it has already been mentioned that it is the most common but also the cause of many of the existing pathologies. Finally, none of them influences the way the filtered water is channeled or the improvement of the drainage of the chamber, nor the waterproofing and thermal insulation of the façade and the edge area of the floor that is usually covered.

On the other hand, patents related to the resolution of this part of the façade enclosure have been found, which, however, do not resolve in a global, efficient and safe manner all aspects of the problem raised.

The constitution of these enclosures may vary, but their composition based on an exterior enclosure, an interior enclosure, an air chamber, insulation elements and drainage elements is known, with document CA2284069A1 serving as an example. Some longitudinal elements are also known that serve to cover the edges of the slab, elements that serve as finishing, etc. and others that may have various grooves for different uses, among which are documents DE10254791A1 and US6237291B1. However, as can be seen in its granting documents, the approach and way of solving the problems are different, since the variability of the solutions for the building facades is extraordinarily wide and diverse.

On the other hand, with respect to the support conceived in document FR2943082A1, a "C"-shaped ceramic piece is observed, whose upper wing rests on the slab. However, in said document no extension is proposed, nor is the presence of an interior brickwork, so it does not present any platform for its support as indicated in this invention. Nor has any document been found where there is a joint support, one for each leaf of the enclosure, on a common platform. .

Regarding the lower part of the support platform that will serve to cover or patch the edge of the slab and provide continuity to the exterior surface of the façade, it is common in the state of the art, as seen in several cited documents, and specifically in document FR2943082A1, which is considered the closest to said state of the art. Regarding the configuration of the air chamber with the bottom in the shape of a half-round to create a channel for collecting water and expulsion to the outside, as already indicated before, the presence of an air chamber in the composition of the façade is known (document CA2284069A1). The presence of gutters for various functions is also known, however, none of the gutters found is of a similar conception nor does it have the function of collecting water from an air chamber, since if we compare it with the chamber proposed in the document CA2284069A1 ends at the bottom in an inclined piece that constitutes a vapor barrier and drains individually and directly to the outside.

As for the extensions at the ends of the platforms in the form of lateral tongue-and-groove crimps to be able to lock the pieces together, this feature is well known, and document FR2943082A1 is an example of this, with lateral projections and grooves for crimping pieces. contiguous, although they do not have the same characteristics as those proposed in this invention.

Regarding the hole towards the outside as an evacuation conduit for the interior channel, with a flight termination to expel the water, as already indicated, document CA2284069A1 proposes the exit to the outside of the water that drains through the chamber. of air, although it is not through a channel, nor does it have an in-flight termination.

Regarding the perforations to allow the mechanical fixation of the piece, the perforations in ceramic pieces are well known, as seen for example in FR2943082A1, but they are not similar to those proposed here.

As for the vertical grooves to be able to obtain longitudinal mini-chambers and micro-ventilation in front of the face of the insulating panel, this aspect is known in the state of the art, as observed in the ceramic piece disclosed by the document. WO9309308A1. The grooves are not associated with a mechanism to collect any condensation that may occur and then allow its easy and direct evacuation.

The insulation panels placed on the inside and between the part of the piece that covers the front of the slab and said edge are also documented in order to avoid thermal bridges. However, existing patents only focus on this aspect and are not within a general system with greater features like the one considered here.

On the other hand, the international application WO2004053255A1 presents a system that aims to guarantee the stability of an enclosing wall on a slab, which does not require losing the homogeneity of the total thickness of the factory material used, guaranteeing its stability, continuous insulation and adequate waterproofing of the cabin. To do this, sequentially perforated profiles are established at the edges of the slab, which are secured to the slab by means of an anchoring and support plate on one side, and the profile fixing screws on the other, through the multiplicity of sequential perforations, allowing for regulation. the positioning of the wall in the three directions of the space X,Y,Z, and also adjusting the width of the chamber to accommodate the thermal insulation. However, it is understood that this system continues to present various drawbacks, related to requiring the use of metal profiles of considerable execution cost (specialized operators, profiles manufactured especially for these cases with steel of adequate resistance and durability, etc.), in addition to continue to be a process of artisanal execution, especially in terms of the elements related to the construction of the camera and its parts intended to avoid humidity. On the contrary, the invention requested has a simpler and more direct implementation method, as well as presumably more economical.

It should be noted that all the inventions detected focus on solving in some way the problem of supporting the factory enclosure on the floor, but none offers a joint solution to the problem of support, and also the collection, channeling and evacuation of the humidity in the chamber, as well as the insulation solution in the area of the front slab.

Furthermore, in enclosures of this type it is common for their support on the edge of the slabs to present pathologies such as cracks, poor insulation installation, and humidity inside the chambers. etc

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention refers to an assembly system for support on slabs and base for the execution of facades and party walls of double-leaf non-structural factory enclosures, as defined in claim 1, which allows, due to its special design and understand a prefabricated piece, avoid the problems of artisanal execution, cracks, detachments and other similar pathologies. In addition, being able to include insulation panels and drainage improves comfort and prevents thermal bridges, humidity, etc. The invention is applicable to most buildings under construction with this type of facades.

The system that the invention proposes includes pieces that are assembled to form a support, drainage and insulation system for non-structural enclosures on the edges of slabs. It entails an improvement in building constructions and, more particularly, in terms of avoiding the adverse consequences of inadequate support of a brickwork enclosure on the edges of the floors, as well as improving thermal insulation and avoiding humidity that It can appear inside the chambers of said enclosures due to different circumstances (leakage from the outside, internal condensation, etc.). The drainage of this interior humidity is vital so that pathologies related to the presence of water do not appear (damp stains, reduction in thermal comfort, etc.). That is why the invention comprises compact pieces, which include insulating panels, and which are placed and assembled with the same or similar pieces and serve as the first course for the execution of the brick enclosure supporting the corresponding structural element of the building. This piece, in addition to avoiding problems related to the support on the slab and the bricks flying over it, provides thermal insulation, prevents leaks and, if it cannot be done completely, allows the water inside to be efficiently collected. of the chamber and prevents its accumulation on the façade, since its design redirects it towards drainage ducts that cross the enclosure, expelling said water to the outside, while waterproofing the elements adjacent to the chamber. This system is applicable to facades formed by two sheets of brick or similar material and an intermediate layer formed by an air chamber. The system includes protruding elements at its ends to be able to link one with another.

According to one embodiment, the pieces are made of ceramic or similar material, and are made up of four orthohedral geometries joined together forming a single piece. It is a platform that rests on the floor, from which more or less orthohedral shapes protrude, one of them to support the interior brickwork and another to support the exterior brickwork. Flush with this last form, but of lesser thickness and advancing towards the lower area of the platform, it is contemplated that there is another orthohedral extension that serves to cover or patch the edge of the slab and give continuity to the brickwork of the façade. The resulting piece, therefore, rests on the slab from which it protrudes, serves as a base for the exterior enclosure, as a base for the interior, and has an intermediate zone between the two for the formation of the chamber at the bottom of which there is a surface. in the shape of a half-round (with an inverted arch section), and finally, an extension that covers the edge of the slab. In addition, at the ends of the outer vertical cuboid of the piece there are lateral hooks (tongue and groove) to be able to link several pieces and be able to crimp the proposed system. It also has perforations, channels and segments for water escape to the outside, as drainage channels for the interior chamber. Finally, on the inside of the piece where the sheet that makes up the exterior enclosure rests and on the inside of the area that covers the edge of the slab, an insulation panel is placed.

The documents of the state of the art pay attention to a single part of the problem and their designs do not simultaneously solve the multiple problems exposed. The invention, however, deals with a system that guarantees an adequate result to all the problems exposed, eliminating possible errors in the execution, and reducing the risk of the appearance of pathologies related to the support of the brickwork enclosure on the slab. , with its thermal protection and that of the patching area, as well as the possible presence of water inside the chamber. The proposed solution is a system of compact parts, simple to install, economical and easily applicable to a large percentage of building facades, without requiring any special mechanical skill.

Consequently, it is considered that the solution provided by the invention represents a qualitative technical leap with respect to what is already known and a novelty that goes beyond what is assumed to be the skill and routine practice of an expert in the field.

The invention guarantees that, in the facades, in the first leaf of the enclosure there is always sufficient and effective support on the edge of the slab (and even that it does not overturn due to excessive flight of the ceramic material).

If necessary, to provide greater security against lateral movements (due to significant winds, earthquakes and similar) and greater standard stability, it is possible to mechanically fix the pieces through the holes designed for this.

To subsequently minimize the possibility of cracks appearing in the coating that covers it, slats and brackets have been created on the sides of the pieces that strengthen and improve the lock (tongue-and-groove system at the base and in the vertical part).

With a single piece design, it is possible to make the entire base of the enclosure and at the same time solve the first courses simultaneously on the first and second sheets that make up the facades.

The above also allows the air chamber to always exist (there are times when on site the two sheets remain almost in contact), and, furthermore, for the width of said chamber to be constant.

It allows the placement of different thicknesses of insulation behind the first sheet of the facade, which means that it can be used in a wide range of situations and different thicknesses of insulating material.

The design of the backing of the first sheet of the piece means that the contact surface with the insulation is not continuous throughout the entire panel. When water or humidity enters the chamber, this allows it to go to the bottom more quickly and does not deteriorate the insulating material when it is hydrophilic.

In addition to what is indicated in the previous paragraph, the vertical grooves on the back of the first sheet of the pieces allow the creation of longitudinal mini-chambers and microventilation and energy dissipation of this area.

The design itself incorporates a channel at the base that allows the collection and channeling of water that may have entered the air chamber. This gutter formation avoids many installation problems when it is intended to be done in the traditional way.

For greater safety, it is possible to apply a paint or emulsion on the face of the gutter that increases its impermeability in especially rainy climates.

The incorporation of a small drain into this gutter (forming a transversal evacuation duct) allows the collected water to easily escape, and for it to be effectively expelled (which is not easy to achieve with the traditional method).

The invention allows the incorporation of an insulating material on the edge of the slab. This fact allows the breaking of the thermal bridge at the edges of the floors and facilitates compliance with current regulations (in fact, today, in the vast majority of cases, insulation is not placed on the edge of the floors). This is because when this material is incorporated into the edge of the slabs, it is easy for there to be secondary effects that cause cracks and even detachments. This design avoids that.

The process of placing the insulation at these points on the edges of the structure, and its subsequent ceramic patching, is done simultaneously with the rest of the start-up of the façade factory. This allows significant savings in cost and execution time.

Due to its design, this part of the piece that covers the edge of the structure facilitates the incorporation of different thicknesses of the insulating material to be provided.

In the lower part of the piece, two interior notches have been designed that allow cutting with a grinder (radial) at these points. This operation makes it possible to accommodate different thicknesses of slab edges.

This patching area of the slab edge has been designed with large holes so that they can be used to house small installation pipes.

The invention speeds up the process of layout and implementation of the first courses of the enclosure.

The invention is compact and installable without the need for special technical knowledge or skills, resulting in an economical solution, easy to manufacture industrially, affordable, and easy to handle.

The invention has a combined utility since in addition to solving the problem usually caused by the support of bricks on the edge of the slabs, it provides effective insulation and drainage of the air chamber in façade enclosures whose usefulness and purpose, in addition to facilitating a Adequate insulation consists of preventing the water that may be produced inside the air chambers of the facades of the buildings from being trapped inside, thereby avoiding contact with architectural elements and the production of filtration or condensation humidity. .

Since it is about preventing the pathologies inherent to the supports in the slabs of the non-supporting brickwork enclosures of the buildings from occurring, as well as providing correct insulation so that moisture does not penetrate and, if it cannot be avoided, , do not remain in the air chamber of these enclosures, generally made with two sheets of brick or similar elements. The system consists of compact pieces placed successively using lateral tongue-and-groove joints, to position them in the correct place and height between the supporting structural element and the supported façade. The pieces are made of normally ceramic or similar material (although it may be made of other materials that are resistant to humidity), forming a chamber inside that separates the exterior and interior enclosure, and which has a section in its lower part. half-round shape, connected to an evacuation duct from the interior chamber to the outside - in confluence with the gutter - that redirects the water to the outside and protrudes from the façade line in the shape of a bird's beak. These pieces are coupled or assembled, in such a way that it is guaranteed that they will fulfill their function of supporting the factories, acting as an intermediary between the slab and the rest of the enclosure and thereby guaranteeing a correct layout, execution and behavior in order to solve the problems inherent to this area of the building and the continuity of the façade surface with respect to the edges of the slabs.

Thus, the system object of the invention comprises special compact and assembleable parts to be incorporated during the execution of building facades and that serve as support, insulation and drainage of said non-structural facade enclosures, when they rest on edges of slabs, isolating and also redirecting the water that may form in the air chambers inside said facades, to the outside.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, in accordance with a preferred example of its practical implementation, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. For illustrative and non-limiting purposes, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- Shows a schematic perspective view of the invention installed in a building in which the piece, the slab on which it rests and the façade brick factory enclosures that rest on the piece (3) can be seen.

Figure 2.- Shows a perspective view of an embodiment of the piece of the invention.

Figure 3.- Shows a top plan view of the piece.

Figure 4.- Shows a bottom plan view of the piece.

Figure 5.- Shows a front elevation of the piece.

Figure 6.- Shows a profile view of the piece.

Figure 7.- Shows the cross section A-A' referred to in figure 5.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the figures outlined, it can be seen how in one of the possible embodiments of the invention, the system that the invention proposes, as seen in Figure 1, comprises a piece (1) that rests on a slab (2 ), so that the façade brick enclosures (3) rest on the piece (1).

The assembly system for support on slabs and base for the execution of facades and party walls of non-structural double-leaf factory enclosures with insulation, interior chamber with drainage, comprises a prefabricated piece (1) that includes:

- a first support area (4) located below, configured to support the piece itself (1) on a floor edge (2) of a building,

- a second support area (5) located superiorly on an interior face of the piece (1), configured to support an interior factory enclosure,

- a third support area (6) located superiorly on an exterior face of the piece (1), configured to support an exterior factory façade enclosure (3), where - between the second support area (5) and the third support area (6) there is a space that defines an air chamber (8).

An exterior face of the third support zone (6) extends inferiorly below the first support zone (4) in a covering element (7) of the edge of the slab (2), where the external faces of the covering element (7) and the third support zone (6) are flush.

One bottom of the air chamber (8) has the shape of a channel (18) and the meeting of the second support area (5) with said channel (18) has the shape of a curved half-round (9), to evacuate the fluid more quickly. water.

The system comprises crimping elements in the base (10) between pieces (1) located on each side of the pieces (1), where said crimping elements (10) comprise at least one perforation (15) for mechanical fixation between pieces. (1) adjacent on their sides and on the floor (2).

The system comprises at least one evacuation duct (11) located in the air chamber (8) that runs transversely to the plane of the enclosure at the confluence with the channel (18).

It is contemplated that the system comprises a plurality of interior alveoli (12) located in the third support area (6).

Likewise, the system may comprise a plurality of interior spaces (13) located in the covering element (7).

It is contemplated that the system comprises at least one insulation panel (14) located in the air chamber (8) in contact with the interior face of the third support area (6). Likewise, it may comprise at least one insulation panel (19) located on the inner face of the covering element (7) in contact with the forged edge (2).

As can be seen in the figures, the system comprises a drainage element (17) that protrudes from the exterior face of the piece (1) and is connected to the evacuation duct (11).

The system comprises a lateral hooking element (23) for tongue and groove jointing between pieces (1) through recesses and projections in the vertical part of the third support area (6).

Likewise, the system may optionally comprise a filling (20) of the interior gaps (13) of the covering element (7).

It is contemplated that the covering element (7) comprises at least one minor lightening gap (21) that collaborates with at least one internal notch (22) with the same orientation to allow cutting a free end of said covering element (7).

As can be seen in the figures, the support platforms of the support areas (4, 5, 6) are orthohedral with a rectangular plan (4). Likewise, it is contemplated that the interior face of the third support area (6) comprises a plurality of vertical grooves (16).

Figure 2 represents a perspective view of the invention in which the piece (1) can be seen, its support on the slab (2), area where it supports the interior brickwork, area where it supports the exterior brickwork. , patching or covering area of the edge of the slab, chamber formation area between the exterior enclosure and the interior, configuration section of the bottom of the chamber with a half-round section (9), tongue-and-groove hooks to be able to connect pieces together, alveoli to lighten the piece, gaps in patching, chamber insulation panels, vertical grooves, an element connected to the evacuation duct to expel water to the outside and that protrudes from the façade line in the shape of a bird's beak, Insulation panels in the forged edge area.

Figure 3 represents a top plan view of the invention referred to in Figures 1 and 2, in which the piece can be seen the area where the interior brickwork supports, the area where the exterior brickwork supports, the formation of a chamber between the exterior brickwork-enclosure and the interior, configuration section of the bottom of the chamber with a half-round section, tongue-and-groove hooks to be able to link pieces together, evacuation duct from the interior chamber to the exterior - in confluence with the gutter -, chamber insulation panels, an element connected to the evacuation duct to expel water to the outside and that protrudes from the façade line in the shape of a bird's beak.

Figure 4 represents a lower plan view of the invention referred to in Figures 1 and 2, in which its support on the forging can be seen, tongue-and-groove hooks to be able to link pieces together, water evacuation duct. interior chamber facing the outside - in confluence with the gutter -, insulation panels in the chamber, perforations for mechanical fixing, element connected to the evacuation duct to expel water to the outside and protruding from the façade line in the shape of a beak of bird.

Figure 5 represents a front elevation view of the invention referred to in Figures 1 and 2, in which the area where the exterior brickwork supports can be seen, tongue-and-groove hooks to be able to link pieces together, element connected to the evacuation duct to expel water to the outside and protruding from the façade line in the shape of a bird's beak.

Figure 6 represents a side elevation view of the invention referred to in Figures 1 and 2, in which its support can be seen on the slab, the area where the interior brickwork supports, the area where the exterior brickwork supports. , patching or covering area of the edge of the slab, chamber formation area between the exterior brickwork-enclosure and the interior, configuration section of the bottom of the chamber with a half-round section, tongue-and-groove hooks to be able to link pieces together, alveoli to lighten the piece, lightening gaps in patching, chamber insulation panels, element connected to the evacuation duct to expel water to the outside and protruding from the façade line in the shape of a bird's beak, gutter water collection, insulation panels in the edge area of the slab, possible filling of lightening gaps in patching, minor lightening gaps in patching to make the cuts of the piece viable if necessary, notches to allow cutting at these points.

Figure 7 shows a cross section A-A' of the invention referred to in Figure 5, in which it can be seen the area where the interior brickwork supports, the area where the exterior brickwork supports, patching or covering area. of the edge of the slab, chamber formation area between the exterior brickwork-enclosure and the interior, configuration section of the bottom of the chamber with a half-round section, evacuation duct from the interior chamber to the exterior -at a confluence with the gutter, alveoli to lighten the piece, lightening gaps in patching, chamber insulation panels, an element connected to the evacuation duct to expel water to the outside and protruding from the façade line in the shape of a bird's beak, gutter water collection, insulation panels in the forged edge area.

In view of this description and set of figures, the person skilled in the art will be able to understand that the embodiments of the invention that have been described can be combined in multiple ways within the object of the invention. The invention has been described according to some preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be evident to the person skilled in the art that multiple variations can be introduced in said preferred embodiments without exceeding the object of the claimed invention.

Claims (15)

1. - Assembleable system for support on slabs and execution base of facades and party walls of non-structural double-leaf factory enclosures with insulation, interior chamber with drainage, characterized by comprising at least one prefabricated piece (1) that includes: - a first support area (4) located below, configured to support the piece itself (1) on a floor edge (2) of a building, - a second support area (5) located superiorly on an interior face of the piece (1), configured to support the second leaf of an interior façade enclosure (3), - a third support area (6) located superiorly on an exterior face of the piece (1), configured to support the first leaf of an exterior factory façade enclosure (3), where - between the second support zone (5) and the third support zone (6) there is a space that defines an air chamber (8). 2. - System according to claim 1, in which an outer face of the third support area (6) extends inferiorly below the first support area (4) in a covering element (7) of the edge of the slab. (2), where the external faces of the covering element (7) and the third support area (6) are flush. 3. - System according to any of the previous claims, in which a bottom of the air chamber (8) has the shape of a channel (18) and the meeting of the second support area (5) with said channel (18) has half-round shape (9). 4. - System according to any of the previous claims, which comprises at least one crimping element (10) between pieces (1) located on at least one side of each piece (1), where said at least one crimping element (10) comprises at least one perforation (15) for mechanical fixation between pieces (1) adjacent on their sides and on the slab (2). 5. - System according to any of claims 3 and 4, which comprises at least one evacuation duct (11) located in the air chamber (8) that runs transversely to the plane of the enclosure at the confluence with the channel (18). 6. - System according to any of the previous claims, which comprises a plurality of interior alveoli (12) located in the third support area (6). 7. - System according to any of claims 2 to 6, which comprises a plurality of interior spaces (13) located in the covering element (7). 8. - System according to any of the previous claims, which comprises at least one insulation panel (14) located in the air chamber (8) in contact with the interior face of the third support area (6). 9. - System according to any of claims 2 to 8, which comprises at least one insulation panel (19) located on the interior face of the covering element (7) in contact with the forging edge (2). 10. - System according to any of claims 5 to 9, which comprises a drainage element (17) that protrudes from the exterior face of the piece (1) and is connected to the evacuation duct (11). 11. - System according to any of claims 4 to 10, which comprises a lateral hooking element (23) for tongue and groove jointing between pieces (1) by means of recesses and projections in the vertical part of the third support area (6). 12. - System according to any of claims 7 to 11, which comprises an optional filling (20) of the interior gaps (13) of the covering element (7). 13. - System according to any of claims 2 to 12, in which the covering element (7) comprises at least one minor lightening gap (21) that collaborates with at least one internal notch (22) with the same orientation to allow cut a free end of said covering element (7). 14. - System according to any of the previous claims, in which the support platforms of the support areas (4, 5, 6) are orthohedral with a rectangular plan (4). 15. - System according to any of the previous claims, in which the interior face of the third support area (6) comprises a plurality of vertical grooves (16).