ES2948570T3 - Dental implant - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a dental implant comprising: a body portion and a head portion formed integrally with said body portion; said body portion having a periphery and said head portion having a non-circular periphery; wherein the non-circular periphery of said head portion is smaller than the periphery of the body portion; and wherein said non-circular periphery of said head portion is characterized by a three-way symmetry. (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Dental implant

FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to the field of dental implants and, more particularly, to the design of the implant head that maximizes the long-term stability of the hard and soft tissues surrounding the implant, the abutment and the prosthesis connected to it. he.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In this context reference is made to document WO 2005/065571 A1 which describes a dental implant having two opposing cutouts in the head of the implant.

Dental implants are used to replace teeth that have been lost. An implant is placed in the jaw bone at the site of the missing tooth and a denture unit is attached. The long-term functional and aesthetic success of dental implants and the prostheses attached to them is determined by the response of the hard and soft tissues that surround them. Throughout the history of the technique of dental implantology, it has been known that some bone loss, and subsequent soft tissue recession, always occurs and that this must be accepted.

In recent years, it has been shown that bone and soft tissue loss can be reduced by improving the tissue environment around the implant head and its connection to the prosthetic unit. Various implant designs with a reduced connection diameter provided more soft tissue volume above the implant head and around the prosthetic abutment and have shown better hard and soft tissue responses. See, for example, the conventional prior art implant 1, shown in Figure 1 and shown, in use, in Figure 2. The implant 1 includes a body 2 having a root-shaped apex 3, typically with threads of screw 4 around the outer surface, and an implant head 5 having a top surface 6. A screw receiving hole 7 is defined in the body 2 to receive the prosthetic unit, typically an abutment having an abutment screw 8 and a crown 9 mounted on the pillar

However, bone loss still occurs where there is less bone thickness around the implant head. This effect is most evident, and results in the most disturbing consequence, when it occurs in the thin buccal bone plates of implants placed in the anterior region of the mouth where the tissues are exposed in the smile, as well as between adjacent implants, particularly in the anterior region. Dental professionals do their best to avoid this effect by trying to position the implant head away from the buccal plate, thus attempting to allow greater buccal bone thickness to the implant head. But the size of the bone crest and the dimensions of the implant can make its success difficult.

Similarly, when adjacent implants are required, it may be difficult to leave enough space between the implants to allow for the required volume of tissue.

It is an established clinical fact that thicker buccal bone and larger bone volume are associated with reduced bone loss and reduced soft tissue loss. For this reason, smaller diameter implants are sometimes used in the anterior region of the mouth, but at the cost of sacrificing the mechanical strength of the fixation and connection, or sacrificing prosthetic flexibility (as when implants of a smaller diameter are used). single piece).

In addition, it is sometimes a great practical advantage to be able to directly access the abutment-implant connection screw through the crown unit. However, in the anterior maxillary regions, where access from the lingual (palatal) direction may be more desirable, in many cases it is not possible due to the anatomy, size and orientation of the bony crest (as seen in Figure 2). ). To compensate for angular limitations when restoring implants in the anterior maxillary region, dentists sometimes resort to cement-retained crown solutions or the use of angle-correcting prosthetics for screw-retained crowns, which could sacrifice the preferred geometry of the subgingival prosthetic unit, the aesthetic result and the strength of the connection (for example, by requiring smaller diameter screws).

Accordingly, there is a long-felt need for a dental implant that results in reduced bone and soft tissue loss and can be implanted more successfully in more problematic situations.

DIGEST OF THE INVENTION

The present invention solves this problem by providing a modified head portion on the dental implant that allows for more bone volume in critical locations around the implant head. At the same time, the mechanical strength of the implant and the connection is maintained, keeping the rest of the implant unchanged compared to conventional implants. In this way, bone resorption and gum recession can be reduced in critical areas around dental implants.

Therefore, there is provided, according to the present invention, a dental implant as defined in claim 1.

According to one embodiment of the invention, the dental implant further includes a screw receiving hole extending downwardly from the top surface for engaging an abutment to the implant. The screw receiving hole may be concentric with the longitudinal axis of the implant, may not be concentric with the longitudinal axis of the implant and/or may be formed at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the implant.

According to the invention, the implant is a one-piece implant and the cutout portion extends along at least part of the intraosseous portion and may include the transmucosal portion of the implant.

According to some embodiments, the cutout portion is tapered. According to others, the cut part ends in a projection. According to still others, the cropped part extends along the entire length of the body.

According to the invention, there are three cutout portions extending longitudinally downward from the upper surface, equidistant around the body and towards the periphery.

In one example, which is not part of the claimed invention, a method of forming a dental implant is described, the method includes forming an implant body having a top surface; and cutting at least one non-annular portion extending longitudinally downward from the upper surface along one side of the body and outward to the periphery.

In another example, which is not part of the claimed invention, a method of forming a dental implant is described, the method includes providing a substantially cylindrical or conical implant body having a longitudinal axis; and forming a head part having a top surface on the body. The head part is formed by cutting a portion of the periphery of the head part so that the head part has a non-circular periphery that is smaller than the periphery of the body.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The present invention will be better understood and appreciated from the following detailed description taken together with the drawings in which:

Figure 1 is a schematic illustration of a prior art dental implant head;

Figure 2 is a schematic sectional illustration of the prior art dental implant of Figure 1 in use;

Figure 3 is a schematic illustration of a dental implant that does not form part of the claimed invention;

Figure 4 is an isometric view of the head of the dental implant of Figure 3;

Figure 5a is a schematic sectional view of a conventional prior art implant in use; Figures 5b, 5c and 5d are schematic sectional views of implants that do not form part of the claimed invention that have flattened parts of different lengths;

Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d are isometric views of implants having different arrangements of cutaway parts in which only Figure 6b shows an implant according to the claimed invention;

Figures 7a, 7b, 7c and 7d are top views of the implants of Figures 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d;

Figures 8a, 8b and 8c are schematic illustrations of three exemplary embodiments of implants according to the invention in use;

Figures 9a to 9d are illustrations of the lateral section of the implants;

Figures 10a to 10e are side section views of implants of different sizes and designs, all formed according to different examples that are not part of the claimed invention;

Figures 11a to 11c are schematic illustrations of implant heads that do not form part of the claimed invention;

Figure 12a is a schematic of a conventional prior art implant head with prosthetic unit; and

Figure 12b is a schematic illustration of a dental implant that does not form part of the claimed invention. It will be appreciated that the drawings are only schematic and are not to scale.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a dental implant with a modified head portion that allows for more bone in critical locations around the implant head without sacrificing the mechanical strength of the implant and connection. An object of the present invention is to reduce bone resorption in critical areas around dental implants using this modified implant head design.

The new design involves providing an implant having a body and an integrally formed head with a periphery substantially smaller than the periphery of the body, where the periphery of the head is not annular. The implant includes an implant body having a top surface from which one or more parts are cut. of the circumference of the predominantly tubular shape of the implant body from the top surface to the desired height. The flattened surface allows for greater thickness of adjacent bone, compared to an implant that has a full-contour tubular shape, as the cut area is filled with new bone growth. The gain in bone thickness in critical areas, such as where there is a thin buccal bone plate or a thin mandibular ridge or between adjacent implants, is substantial and translates into a lower risk of bone resorption and subsequent aesthetic compromise.

An example of an implant 10 is shown in cross section in Figure 3, and in an isometric view in Figure 4. The implant 10 includes an implant body 11 and an implant head 12 defining a top 13. The head 12 It has a longitudinal, non-annular cutout portion 14, which extends downward from the top 13 and outward to the periphery of the implant. The result is that the head 12 has a smaller periphery than the body. The implant 10 also includes a screw receiving hole 15 for receiving an abutment screw (not shown) for attaching a prosthetic unit 17. The cutout portion 14 of the head of the implant 12 is indicated in broken lines in Figure 3, to show the substantial difference in the periphery of the head produced by the cutout portion 14. The cutout portion may extend along the implant as desired and may be parallel to the longitudinal axis of the implant or tapered at an angle to the longitudinal axis or may ending in a projection 16, as in the example illustrated in Figure 3. Various examples of flattened parts of different lengths are shown in Figures 5b, 5c and 5d, together with a conventional prior art implant in Figure 5a.

It should be noted that the topology of the cut-out portion of the implant head can be designed in any one of several ways. The smaller peripheral part may be flat or flat, or may be curved. If desired, the narrow peripheral portion can have the same surface topology as the rest of the implant head, for example, with microthreads or rings to improve adhesion to bone and tissue. As noted above, the smaller peripheral head portion may extend to include any portion of the length of the implant up to its full length. Additionally, more than one longitudinal cutout portion may be provided, preferably arranged symmetrically around the body. For example, Figure 6a is an isometric view and Figure 7a is a top view of an implant 20 having two cutaway portions 22, 24 facing each other. This type of implant is especially suitable when the bone crest is narrow, for example at the back of the jaw. See, for example, Figure 8b, which shows a cross section of a posterior jaw 26 with a mandibular nerve canal 27. An implant 20 having cut-out portions 22, 24 is implanted therein. As can be seen, the body of the implant is still of conventional size to retain the mechanical strength of fixation and connection in the bone, but the head has a smaller periphery to provide a narrow emergence in the buccal/lingual dimension, allowing for minimal bone loss around the implant head and improved soft tissue response. Therefore, an enlarged area 28 of buccal bone at the implant head and an enlarged area 29 of lingual bone at the implant head are obtained relative to conventional implants.

Figure 6b shows an isometric view and Figure 7b shows a top view of an implant 30 having three cutouts 32, 34, 36 equidistant with respect to the longitudinal axis of the implant. This type of implant is particularly suitable for use with adjacent implants, particularly in areas where there is low attachment volume buccal to the implant heads and between implants. This design is particularly advantageous in the anterior part of the upper jaw. See, for example, Figure 8a, which shows an occlusal view of an anterior maxillary bone crest 31 where two adjacent teeth 33 have been replaced with implants, after bone healing. Two implants 30 having cut parts 32, 34, 36 are implanted in place of the two extracted teeth. As can be seen, an enlarged area 35 of buccal bone is provided up to the implant heads and an enlarged area 37 of bone between the implant heads, relative to conventional cylindrical (uncut) implants.

According to certain embodiments of the invention, the screw receiving hole for connecting the abutment is not concentric with the longitudinal axis of the implant. This allows the periphery of the implant head to be even smaller than in the symmetrical implant according to the invention described above. Figure 6c shows an isometric view and Figure 7c shows a top view of an implant 40 having a single cutout 42, similar to the implant of Figure 4, but having an eccentrically arranged screw receiving hole 44 substantially aligned with the longitudinal axis of the implant. This design provides an implant that has an even larger cutting area than the concentric implant of Figure 4, particularly useful in areas where it is desired to provide extra (maximum) bone volume.

Figure 6d shows an isometric view and Figure 7d shows a top view of an implant 50 having a single cutout 52, similar to the implant of Figure 6c, which has a screw receiving hole 54 arranged non-concentrically with respect to to the longitudinal axis of the implant. However, in Figure 6d, the receiving hole of screw 54 is not aligned with the longitudinal axis of the implant, but rather forms an angle with it, as best seen in Figure 7d. This design is especially useful in the anterior region of the maxilla to ensure additional buccal bone volume and lingual access to the abutment screw. See, for example, Figure 8c, where an implant 50 is shown, having a screw receiving hole 54 having an axis 56 disposed at an angle to the longitudinal axis 58 of the implant 50. It will be appreciated that this particular positioning allows for the lack of symmetry in the location and angulation of the connection of the abutment and its screw in relation to the implant. Therefore, the centers of The connection hole and screw can be placed more lingually (away from the cutout 52) and can be oriented to greatly increase the likelihood that the abutment screw can be accessed from the lingual aspect 59 of the restoration.

The connection itself (the interface between the implant and the abutment) could be tilted and aligned with the screw inclined or, alternatively, the connection could be kept parallel to the long axis of the implant with only the screw hole and screw access tilted towards the lingual; Figures 9a, 9b, 9c and 9d provide side section illustrations of the various angular possibilities. Figure 9a shows an implant 60 with a cutout 62 and a screw receiving hole 64 located concentrically and aligned with respect to the longitudinal axis of the implant. Figure 9b shows an implant 65 with a cutout 66 and a screw receiving hole 68 located concentrically, but inclined at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the implant. Figure 9c shows an implant 70 with a cutout 72 and a screw receiving hole 74 located eccentrically, but aligned with respect to the longitudinal axis of the implant. Thus, the cut portion 72 is enlarged in width, relative to the implant of Figure 9a. And Figure 9d shows an implant 75 with a cutout 76 and a screw receiving hole 78 located eccentrically and inclined at an angle with respect to the longitudinal axis of the implant. Thus, the cut portion 76 can be expanded in width, relative to the implant of Figure 9b. It will be appreciated that any of these screw recipient drilling options can be used with any of the implant designs described above and below and with any of the desired implant types.

Thus, it will be appreciated that the particular design of the implant can be selected depending on the location in the patient's mouth and the condition of the patient's jaw.

It will be appreciated that the modified head design described in the present invention can be applied to all implant designs, regardless of body shape, thread type, length, diameter, connection, surface treatment and material. used, or if it is a bone level, the tissue level or one-piece implant. See, for example, Figures 10a to 10e, each of which illustrates a different type or design of implant implementing the cut portion. Figure 10a and Figure 10b illustrate implants at bone level. Figure 10c illustrates a tissue level implant. Figure 10d illustrates a bone-level implant with an external connection and Figure 10e illustrates a one-piece implant, which has a prosthesis formed integrally with the body of the implant.

An implant with a single flattened or cut-out area will have a single most appropriate (optimal) orientation (i.e., with the cut area oriented next to the thin bone portion of the jaw). This type of implant, with a single cut portion, has only one proper orientation within a full 360-degree rotational insertion and is best suited for smaller pitch, tighter thread, or threadless implants. However, this feature can be a detriment in the case of threaded implants with a large thread pitch. While that may not be a problem in the anterior region where positioning is often carried out at the subbone level, when this is a problem, the implant heads can be made with two or three cuts, as illustrated above , to provide two-way or three-way symmetry. In this way, the implant can be rotated until any of several cut parts are positioned in front of the problem area of the jaw, so that additional bone growth in that area is possible. These embodiments of the invention allow for less depth variability. An implant head with two cutouts allows two suitable positions in each full rotation and an implant head with three cutouts allows three suitable positions in each full rotation.

Likewise, the proper and advantageous use of an implant incorporating the new design with the non-concentric implant head (with only one part cut) requires a particular positioning of the implant head so that the recess is always directed towards the area. with reduced bone volume. Many times that would be toward the buccal. It will be appreciated that this particular positioning allows for a lack of symmetry in the location and angulation of the connection of the abutment and its screw in relation to the implant, as described above.

It should be noted that since the non-concentric implant and screw access are directionally confined, it is no longer necessary to adhere to rotational symmetry in the connection. Instead, the connection and top surface of the implant could be made to fit the particular needs of said implant-abutment pair better than conventional types of implant-abutment connections. The figure shows three examples of such a connection, which has different characteristics to receive complementary features in the pillar. Figures 11a, 11b and 11c. In Figure 11a, the head defines a protrusion, in Figure 11b, the head defines a flattened part with notches, and in Figure 11c, the head defines a rectangular connection.

Another advantage of the implants is illustrated schematically in Figures 12a, showing a prior art implant 80 with a prosthetic unit 82, and an implant 84, illustrated in Figure 12b, according to an example. Implant 84 has a single cutout 86 as described above. The prior art implant 80 is a tissue level implant where bone and tissue loss can occur. When it does, the metal implant 80 becomes visible. This can be very disturbing, particularly if it is located in the front of the mouth. The implant 84 of the present invention allows the prosthetic crown 88 to extend along part or the entire length of the cut part 86. This part is arranged to be visible in the mouth, so that even if there is any loss of bone or tissue, the metal implant 84 will not be visible.

Claims (8)

1. A dental implant (10, 30) comprising: a body part (11) and a head part (12) formed integrally with said body part (11); said body part (11) having a periphery and said head part (12) having a non-circular periphery; three cutouts (32, 34, 36) extending longitudinally downward from an upper surface of said head portion (12); wherein the non-circular periphery of said head part is smaller than the periphery of the body part; and wherein said three cutouts (32, 34, 36) provide a three-way symmetry to said non-circular periphery of said head portion (12). 2. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein said three cutouts (32, 34, 36) of said head portion (12) extend along said body portion (11). 3. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein said non-circular periphery is curved. 4. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein said three cutouts (32, 34, 36) generate a circumference of the non-circular periphery of said head portion (12) that is less than a circumference of the periphery of said body part (11). 5. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein said dental implant further comprises a screw receiving hole (15, 44, 54, 64, 74, 78) extending downwardly from the upper surface for engaging an abutment to the implant. 6. The dental implant according to any of claims 1 to 5, wherein said body part (11) is substantially cylindrical or conical. 7. The dental implant according to any of claims 5 to 6, wherein said hole (15, 44, 54, 64, 74, 78) is formed at an angle with respect to a longitudinal axis of the implant. 8. The dental implant according to claim 1, wherein said implant comprises a prosthesis formed integrally with said implant body.