ES2926192T3 - Compressed tablets comprising nitrooxy compounds - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to compressed tablets comprising 3-nitrooxypropanol or derivatives thereof and gluten, as well as to the production of said tablets. (Automatic translation with Google Translate, without legal value)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Compressed tablets comprising nitrooxy compounds

The present invention relates to compressed tablets comprising 3-nitrooxypropanol or its derivatives and a gluten, as well as to the production of said tablets.

The temperature of the air surrounding the earth is increasing, a process known as global warming. One of the main approaches to reduce this warming effect is to reduce the amount of greenhouse gases emitted into the atmosphere. Greenhouse gases are emitted from different sources, both natural and man-made; however, the two most important sources are the agricultural and fossil fuel industries. Within agriculture, ruminants and, in particular, cattle are the main contributors to biogenic methane formation, and it has been estimated that preventing ruminant methane formation would nearly stabilize atmospheric methane concentrations.

Methane production in ruminants is due to the presence of methanogenic archaea in the rumen, which however need energy, nitrogen and minerals to grow. Therefore, the number of methanogenic archaea in the rumen, and at the same time the methane emission, usually increase slowly after feeding.

3-nitrooxypropanol and its structural analogs have been reported to inhibit the growth of methanogenic archaea and thus significantly reduce methane production in ruminants (WO2012/084629). Until now, 3-nitrooxypropanol has been supplied to ruminants as 10% 3-nitrooxypropanol in silicon dioxide, a product form that instantly releases the active ingredient in the aqueous ruminal fluid. However, as the increase in the number of methanogen archaea evolves slowly after feeding, an instantaneous release of the active ingredient is not particularly suitable for achieving long-term methane reduction.

< US 3 089 825 A describes tablet formulations containing gluten as binding agent

Thus, there is a constant need to develop a product form comprising 3-nitrooxypropanol or its derivatives that exhibits no or only slow disintegration and slow release of the active ingredient in aqueous media over a prolonged period of time, such as example from 2 to 24 hours, for example from 4 to 8 hours.

Surprisingly, it has been found that compressed (compacted) tablets comprising 3-nitrooxypropanol and a gluten remain intact and do not show disintegration over a long period of time and only slowly release the active ingredient in aqueous media and thus are suitable for overcoming the aforementioned problems.

Thus, in a first embodiment, the present invention refers to compressed tablets (I) comprising:

(i) at least 0.01% by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of a compound of formula (I):

fóntufa (I)

fontufa (I)

where

n is an integer from <3 to 9>

R1 is -OH, -COOH or -ONO ² , and

provided that when n is >3 the compound of formula (I) may also be bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine dinitrate, and

(ii) at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of a gluten.

At least the compound of formula (I) may be incorporated into the tablet as such or absorbed into a carrier. In a preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is incorporated into the tablet adsorbed on a carrier.

Thus, in a second embodiment, the present invention relates to compressed tablets (II) with all the preferences and definitions given herein, in which the compound of formula (I) is absorbed in a carrier. Particular advantageous compounds of formula (I) in all embodiments of the present invention are compounds of formula (II) wherein n is an integer between 3 and 9 and R1 is OH, COOH or -ONO ² .

Still more advantageous compounds of formula (I) are 3-nitrooxypropanol (CAS number: 100502-66-7), 9-nitrooxynonanol, 5-nitroxypentanoic acid (CAS 74754-56-6), 6-nitroxyhexanoic acid (CAS 74754-55 -5), bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine dinitrate (CAS 20830-49-3), 1,4-bis-nitrooxybutane (CAS 3457-91-8) and 1,5-bis-nitrooxypentane (CAS 3457-92 -9). Most preferred in all embodiments of the present invention is 3-nitrooxypropanol.

The compounds according to the present invention are known and commercially available or can be prepared by analogy with processes such as, for example, those described in WO2012/084629.

The amount of the compound of formula (I) in the tablets according to the present invention is preferably selected in the range of 0.01% to 10%, by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.05% to 5%, by weight. , most preferably in the range of 0.075% to 2.5%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet.

Gluten is the protein found in many grains and cereals such as wheat, corn, oats, rye, and barley. The term "gluten" as used herein refers to gluten from any available source and to mixtures of gluten from various sources. Preferably, in all embodiments of the present invention, wheat gluten is used, more preferably vital wheat gluten (CAS 93384-22-6). This vital wheat gluten, which has a protein content of at least 83%, can be obtained, for example, as Viten® (supravital wheat gluten) from Roquette or GluVital™ from Cargill.

The amount of gluten in the tablets according to the present invention is preferably at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50% by weight, even more preferably at least 60% by weight, and most preferably at least 60% by weight. preferably at least 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet.

The term carrier, as used herein, refers to any carrier material suitable for absorbing the active ingredient to be delivered to animals (including humans). Particularly suitable carriers according to the present invention include silicon dioxide, maltodextrin, limestone, cyclodextrin, wheat, as well as mixtures thereof.

Tablets according to the present invention are compressed powders, which, depending on the production process as well as the storage conditions, may comprise some water. Generally, the moisture content of tablets according to the present invention is less than 12% by weight. Therefore, another embodiment of the present invention relates to tablets according to the present invention having a moisture content of a maximum of 12% by weight, preferably a maximum of 10% by weight, more preferably a maximum of 8% by weight. weight, most preferably a maximum of 6% by weight, based on the total weight of the tablets.

The tablets according to the present invention may further contain additional ingredients (active principles), excipients and/or auxiliary agents (hereinafter referred to as additives) suitable for producing compressed tablets and for their application in feed. Such additives are well known to a person skilled in the art. The amount of these additives in the tablets according to the present invention may vary and depends on the compressed tablets to be produced.

Advantageously, the (total) amount of additive(s) present in the tablets according to the present invention is selected in the range from 0.1% to 40%, by weight, preferably in the range from 0.1% to 30%, by weight, more preferably in the range of 0.1% to 20%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet.

Thus, in a particular advantageous embodiment, the present invention refers to compressed tablets (III) with all the preferences and definitions given herein, which essentially consist of the following:

(i) 0.01% to 10%, by weight, preferably 0.05% to 5%, by weight, more preferably 0.075% to 2.5%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet compressed, of a compound of formula (I), optionally absorbed on a carrier, and

(ii) at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, of gluten, and

(iii) from 0.1% to 40%, by weight, preferably from 0.1% to 30%, by weight, more preferably from 0.1% to 20%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet compressed, of at least one additive, and

(iv) 0% to 10%, by weight, more preferably 0% to 8%, by weight, most preferably 0% to 6%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of water .

The term "consisting essentially of", as used in the context of the invention, means that the addition of the percentage by weight of ingredients (i) to (iv) adds up to 100% by weight. However, it cannot be excluded that small amounts of impurities are present, e.g. in amounts less than 5% by weight, preferably less than 3% by weight, which are introduced via the respective raw materials or processes. used.

Additives particularly suitable for use in tablets according to the present invention include, but are not limited to, fillers, lubricants, proteins, colorants, flavours, sweeteners, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants.

Fillers particularly suitable according to the present invention include mono-, di- and tricalcium phosphate, limestone (calcium carbonate), magnesium carbonate, silicate compounds (magnesium aluminum silicate), magnesium oxide, microcrystalline cellulose, proteins, silicon dioxide, as well as mixtures thereof, such as, more particularly, microcrystalline wax, microcrystalline cellulose and limestone, as well as mixtures thereof, most preferably microcrystalline cellulose.

If any, the total amount of filler(s) in the tablets according to the present invention is advantageously selected in the range of 0% to 30%, by weight, preferably in the range of 0% to 20%, by weight, more preferably in the range of 0% to 15%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet.

Particularly suitable lubricants according to the present invention are water-insoluble lubricants and encompass magnesium stearate, calcium stearate, zinc stearate or stearic acid, more particularly magnesium stearate and/or calcium stearate.

If any, the total amount of lubricant(s) in the tablets according to the present invention is advantageously selected in the range of 0.1% to 5%, by weight, preferably in the range of 0.25% to 3%, by weight. weight, more preferably in the range of 0.5% to 2%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet.

Particularly suitable minerals according to the present invention are trace minerals such as manganese, zinc, iron, copper, iodine, selenium and cobalt, as well as macro minerals such as calcium, phosphorus and sodium. If any, the total amount of mineral(s) in the tablets according to the present invention is advantageously selected in the range of 0.01% to 30%, by weight, preferably in the range of 0.05% to 20%, by weight. weight, most preferably in the range of 0.1% to 10%, by weight.

Particularly suitable vitamins include fat-soluble vitamins such as vitamin A, vitamin D3, vitamin E and vitamin K, for example vitamin K3, as well as water-soluble vitamins such as vitamin B12, biotin and choline, vitamin B1, vitamin B2, vitamin B6, niacin, folic acid and pantothenate, for example Ca-D-pantothenate. If any, the total amount of vitamin(s) in the tablets according to the present invention is advantageously selected in the range of 0.001% to 10%, by weight, preferably in the range of 0.01% to 8% by weight, which more preferably in the range of 0.1% to 5%, by weight.

Particularly suitable proteins may be of plant or animal origin. Vegetable proteins are selected from the group consisting of legume proteins, proteinaceous plant proteins and cereal proteins, their hybrids and their mixtures. Leguminous plant proteins are selected from the group consisting of bean, soybean, pea, lupine and alfalfa proteins. Protein plants are sunflower, rapeseed, flax and peanut. Only the proteins of these proteinaceous plants are of interest for the present invention. Cereal proteins are obtained from corn, wheat, rice, rye, oats and sorghum. Preferably, the vegetable protein is obtained from wheat or corn, and mixtures thereof.

In a particular advantageous embodiment, the present invention relates to compressed tablets (IV) with all the preferences and definitions given herein, consisting essentially of the following:

(i) 0.01% to 10%, by weight, preferably 0.05% to 5%, by weight, more preferably 0.075% to 2.5%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet compressed, of a compound of formula (I), optionally absorbed on a carrier, and

(ii) at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of gluten, preferably vital wheat gluten, and

(iii) 0% to 5%, by weight, preferably 0.25% to 3%, by weight, more preferably 0.5% to 2%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of a lubricant, wherein preferably the lubricant is selected from calcium stearate and magnesium stearate, and

(iv) from 0% to 25%, by weight, preferably from 0% to 20%, by weight, more preferably from 0% to 10%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of at least one filler, wherein the filler is preferably selected from the group consisting of microcrystalline cellulose and limestone, as well as mixtures thereof, and

(iii) 0% to 10%, by weight, more preferably 0% to 8%, by weight, most preferably 0% to 6%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of water .

The choice of shape, volume and weight of the compressed tablets according to the present invention will, of course, depend on the desired application. The shape of the compressed tablet may be, for example, sphere-like or egg-like. The tablets of the present invention may be in the form of a pellet, a grain, a granule, or any other type of particle, as far as compressed material is concerned.

Typically, tablets according to the present invention are several millimeters to several centimeters in size (eg, 1 cm to 3 cm).

The weight of the tablet can vary according to the intended use and can be, for example, from 0.5 g to 2 g).

In a preferred embodiment, the compound of formula (I) is incorporated into the tablets according to the present invention adsorbed on a carrier, ie in the form of a powder formulation. Said pulverulent formulation preferably consists essentially of a compound of formula (I), an edible oil and a carrier.

Suitable carriers for adsorbing compounds of formula (I) encompass silica, maltodextrin, limestone, cyclodextrin, wheat, as well as mixtures thereof. Particularly preferred in all embodiments is the use of silica (silicon dioxide) as the carrier.

Suitable edible oils, for example, to dilute the compound of formula (I) before absorption into the carrier, include propylene glycol, corn oil, rapeseed oil, sunflower oil, medium chain triglycerides (MCTs) and glycerol, as well as mixtures thereof, such as more particularly propylene glycol.

The preparation of said powder formulation is well known to a person skilled in the art. An exemplary method of preparation includes diluting the compound of formula (I) in the edible oil and spraying the resulting solution onto or mixing with the carrier.

It is also possible that the compound of formula (I), optionally in the presence of an edible oil, is diluted in an organic solvent suitable for the preparation of food or feed products, such as dichloromethane, and is sprayed on the carrier or mixed with it, followed by evaporation of the organic solvent. In a particular advantageous embodiment, the powder formulation comprising a compound of formula (I) consists essentially of silica, propylene glycol and a compound of formula (I). More preferably, the powder formulation consists essentially of (5-20)% by weight of a compound of formula (I), 20% to 50%, by weight, of propylene glycol and 30% to 60%, by weight , of silica, most preferably (8-12)% by weight of a compound of formula (I), 35% to 45%, by weight, of propylene glycol and 45% to 55%, by weight, of silica .

Silica (also called silicon dioxide) is a well-known carrier in the feed and food industry and refers to white microspheres of amorphous silica. A particularly suitable silica for the present invention is amorphous precipitated silica, for example available as Ibersil D-250 from the IQE Group, Sipernat 2200 from Evonik or Tixosil 68 from Solvay.

Preferably, the amount of the pulverulent formulation that is incorporated into the tablets according to the present invention is selected in the range of 1% to 30%, by weight, preferably in the range of 5% to 20%, by weight, most preferably in the range of 7% to 15%, by weight, such as in the range of 7% to 12%, by weight, based on the compressed tablet.

In a very specific embodiment, the present invention relates to compressed tablets (V) with all the preferences and definitions given herein, consisting essentially of the following:

(i) from 5% to 20%, by weight, preferably from 7% to 12%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet of a powder formulation consisting essentially of (5-20)% by weight weight of a compound of formula (I), from 20% to 50%, by weight, of propylene glycol and from 30% to 60%, by weight, of silica, and

(ii) at least 60% by weight, preferably at least 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet of vital wheat gluten, and

(iii) 0.25% to 2%, by weight, preferably 0.5% to 1.5%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of calcium stearate and/or magnesium stearate , Y

(iv) from 0% to 25%, by weight, preferably from 0% to 20%, by weight, more preferably from 0% to 10%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of microcrystalline cellulose and /or limestone, and

(v) 0% to 8%, by weight, most preferably 0% to 6%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of water.

The term "consisting essentially of" as used in accordance with the present invention means that the total amount of the ingredients is ideally 100% by weight. However, the presence of small amounts of impurities or additives is not excluded, provided that the total amount of such impurities or additives is preferably less than 3% by weight, more preferably less than 2% by weight, which more preferably less than 1% by weight, and which are introduced, for example, through the respective raw materials.

Tablets according to the present invention can be produced according to methods customary in the art by compressing the mixed ingredients with a pressure of at least 5 KN to 100 kN.

Thus, the present invention also relates to a process for the production of compressed tablets according to the present invention, wherein a mixture consisting essentially of the compound of formula (I), the gluten and the optionally additive(s) present(s) are compressed with a pressure of at least 5 kN, preferably in the range of 50 kN to 100 kN, more preferably in the range of 20 kN to 100 kN, most preferably in the range of 50 kN to 100 kN .

In a particularly advantageous embodiment, the tablets according to the present invention are feed pellets, which are produced by

a) the introduction of the compound of formula (I), the gluten and the optionally present additive(s) in suitable equipment;

b) introducing hot air or steam into the equipment to increase the temperature and/or moisture content of the ingredient mixture, pouring the heated ingredient mixture through a die to obtain pellets;

c) drying and collecting the pellets.

In a preferred embodiment, optionally present additives are selected from the group consisting of protein sources for feed purposes such as soybean meal and/or rapeseed meal, phosphates, corn, yeast, trace minerals, salts and vitamins.

The compressed tablet according to the present invention may be further coated with coatings customary in the art, such as waxes or fats. If any, such a coating is generally applied in amounts of 5% to 50%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet. Advantageously, the coating comprises at least one wax and/or at least one fat, which has a dropping point of 30°C to 85°C.

The dropping point of a material, as used herein, refers to the temperature (in °C) at which the material begins to melt under standard conditions. Thus, the material is heated for so long until the state of matter changes from solid to liquid. The dropping point is the temperature at which the first drop of material breaks off. The determination of the dropping point ( Tropfpunkt) is carried out as described in DIN ISO 2176.

Waxes particularly suitable for use as a coating in the context of the present invention include organic compounds consisting of long alkyl chains, natural (vegetable, animal) waxes which are typically esters of fatty acids and long chain alcohols, as well as synthetic waxes. , which are long-chain hydrocarbons that lack functional groups.

Fats particularly suitable for use as coatings in the context of the present invention include a wide group of compounds that are soluble in organic solvents and largely insoluble in water, such as hydrogenated fats (or saturated fats) which are generally triesters of glycerol and fatty acids. Suitable fats may be of natural or synthetic origin. It is possible to hydrogenate a (poly)unsaturated fat to obtain a hydrogenated (saturated) fat.

Preferred examples of waxes and fats that can be used as a coating according to the present invention are glycerol monostearate, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, sugar cane wax, palmitic acid, cottonseed oil hydrogenated with stearic acid, hydrogenated palm oil and hydrogenated rapeseed oil, as well as their mixtures.

The tablets according to the present invention can be administered as such or can be mixed with the usual feed compositions for ruminants.

With regard to feed compositions for ruminants such as cows, as well as their ingredients, the ruminant diet is usually composed of an easily degradable fraction (called concentrate) and a less easily degradable fiber-rich fraction ( called hay, forage or fiber).

Hay is made up of dry grass, legumes or whole grains. Grasses include, but are not limited to, timothy grass, ryegrass, and fescue. Legumes include, but are not limited to, clover, alfalfa, peas, beans, and vetches. Whole grains include, but are not limited to, barley, corn, oats, and sorghum. Other forage crops are sugar cane, collard greens, cabbages and cabbage. Tubers such as turnips, rutabagas, beets, fodder beets, and sugar beets (including beet pulp and beet molasses) are also used to feed ruminants. Other crops are tubers, such as potatoes, cassava and sweet potatoes. Silage is an ensiled version of the fiber-rich fraction (for example, from grasses, legumes, or whole grains) whereby the material with a high water content is treated with a controlled anaerobic fermentation process (with natural fermentation or with additive treatment).

Concentrate is largely made up of grains (such as barley, including brewer's grain and distiller's grain, maize, wheat and sorghum), but also often contains high-protein feed ingredients such as soybeans, oilseed rape, grain palm, cotton and sunflower seeds.

Cows can also be fed total mixed rations (TMR), in which all components of the diet, for example, forage, silage, concentrate and tablets according to the present invention are mixed together. before serving.

The invention is illustrated by the following examples. All temperatures are indicated in degrees Celsius and all parts and percentages are by weight.

examples

1a: Preparation of a powder formulation (form (I))

50 g of 20 wt% 3-nitrooxypropanol solution in propylene glycol was added with gentle stirring to 50 g of silica which was placed in a beaker at RT (±20 °C). After 5 minutes of stirring, the adsorption was complete and a loose powder was obtained. The powder formulations were then allowed to stand at RT for another hour before use.

1b: Preparation of the tablets

300 g of powder mixture including form (I) was prepared as indicated in Table 2, incorporating the listed ingredients step by step in a 1 L plastic container. The powder blend was mixed using a Bachofen Turbula T2C mixer for 10 min at 6.6 rad/s (63 rpm), then sieved through a 1.25 mm sieve and remixed for another 10 min at 6.6 rad/s (63 rpm), then sieved again through a 1.25 mm sieve and finally mixed for a further 10 min at 6.6 rad/s (63 rpm). After the mixing described above, the loose powder mixture was compressed with a Korsch XP1 tablet press to produce 1g tablets with a compression force of 98kN.

1c: Tablet dispersion properties

To check the disintegration properties of the tablets, one tablet, as indicated in Table 2, was added to 100 ml of tap water. A visual observation was made at the beginning and at 24 hours. The results are described in Table 1 and in Figures 1 to 4.

1d: Release study

The respective tablets were then put into a beaker with 100 ml of demineralized water at room temperature. Each experiment was done in duplicate. After 5, 15, 30, 60, 90 minutes and 2, 6 and 24 hours, 1 ml of solution was withdrawn from the beaker and analyzed for 3-nitrooxypropanol content (HPLC). The 50% release time is indicated in Table 2 (calculated by mathematical extrapolation of the data points obtained).

Table 2

As can be deduced from table 2, the tablets according to the present invention show a significantly higher retention of the active ingredient.

Claims (14)

1. A compressed tablet comprising: (i) at least 0.01% by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet, of a compound of formula (I):

where n is an integer from 3 to 9, R1 is -OH, -COOH or -ONO ² , and provided that when n is >3 the compound of formula (I) may also be bis(2-hydroxyethyl)amine dinitrate, and (ii) at least 30% by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of gluten. 2. The compressed tablet according to claim 1, wherein the compound of formula (I) is absorbed in a carrier. 3. The compressed tablet according to claim 1 or 2, comprising at least 40% by weight, more preferably at least 50%, even more preferably at least 60% by weight and most preferably at least 70% by weight. weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of gluten. 4. The compressed tablet according to any preceding claim, comprising 0.01% to 10% by weight, preferably 0.05% to 5% by weight, most preferably 0.075% to 2.5% , by weight, based on the total tablet weight of a compound of formula (I). 5. The compressed tablet according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the gluten is wheat gluten, preferably vital wheat gluten. 6. The compressed tablet according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the compound of formula (I) is selected from the group consisting of 3-nitrooxypropanol, 9-nitrooxynonanol, 5-nitroxypentanoic acid, 6-nitroxyhexanoic acid, bis( 2-hydroxyethyl)amine, 1,4-bis-nitrooxybutane and 1,5-bis-nitrooxypentane, preferably 3-nitrooxypropanol. 7. The compressed tablet according to any of the preceding claims, further comprising at least one additive in an amount selected in the range of 1% to 40%, by weight, preferably in the range of 1% to 30%, by weight, more preferably in the range of 1% to 20%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet. 8. A compressed tablet according to any preceding claim, wherein the additive is selected from the group consisting of fillers, lubricants, proteins, colorants, flavours, sweeteners, minerals, vitamins and antioxidants. 9. A compressed tablet according to any preceding claim consisting essentially of the following: (i) 0.01% to 10%, by weight, preferably 0.05% to 5%, by weight, more preferably 0.075% to 2.5%, by weight, based on the total weight of the tablet compressed, of a compound of formula (I), and (ii) at least 50% by weight, preferably at least 60% by weight, more preferably at least 70% by weight, based on the total weight of the formulation, of gluten, and (iii) from 1% to 40%, by weight, preferably from 1% to 30%, by weight, more preferably from 1% to 20%, by weight, based on the total weight of the compressed tablet, of at least one additive, and (iv) 0% to 12%, by weight, preferably 0% to 10%, by weight, more preferably 0% to 8%, by weight, most preferably 0% to 6%, by weight, based in the total weight of the compressed tablet, of water. 10. The compressed tablet according to any preceding claim, wherein the compound of formula (I) is tabletted as a powder formulation consisting essentially of a compound of formula (I), an edible oil and a carrier. 11. The compressed tablet according to claim 10, wherein the powder formulation consists essentially of (5-20)% by weight of a compound of formula (I), 20% to 50%, by weight, of propylene glycol and from 30% to 60%, in weight, silica. 12. The compressed tablet according to any of the preceding claims, wherein the tablet contains an additional coating. 13. The compressed tablet according to claim 12, wherein the coating is selected from the group consisting of glycerin monostearate, carnauba wax, candelilla wax, sugarcane wax, palmitic acid, acid hydrogenated cottonseed oil stearic, hydrogenated palm oil and hydrogenated rapeseed oil, as well as their mixtures. 14. A process for the preparation of a compressed tablet according to any of claims 1 to 13, which process comprises mixing the ingredients and compressing them at a pressure of at least 5 KN.