ES2912159T3 - Fuel granulate heating device - Google Patents

Abstract

Fuel granules heating device that can work without auxiliary energy, which is constituted to burn fuel granules, comprising a casing (1) with a casing wall (2), comprising a filling opening (20) provided in the wall of the casing (2), comprising a door (3) to open or close the filling opening (20) with a glass element (4) which in any case is transparent at least in sections, comprising a combustion chamber (5 ) arranged in the casing (1), comprising a reserve tank (8) arranged below the combustion chamber (5) for the fuel granules with a bottom (9) and a wall (10) on the casing side protruding from the bottom edge (9) towards the combustion chamber (5), and comprising a solid refractory body (17) provided in the combustion chamber above the reserve tank (8) and at a distance from it , characterized in that in the deposit reserve tank (8) on the bottom (9) and adjacent to the bottom (9) on the side of the casing on the wall (10) that protrudes towards the combustion chamber (5) from the bottom (9) a first group of through openings (11) is configured and above the first group of through openings (11) adjacent to the upper edge of the reservoir (8) on the side of the wall casing (10) there is a second group of through openings (12), a supply for a primary combustion air being guided in the housing (1) in a branched manner such that in the supply of the primary combustion air, the primary combustion air is always supplied to the first group of through openings (11) and the second group of through openings (12).

Description

DESCRIPTION

Fuel granulate heating device

The invention relates to a heating device for fuel granules that operates without auxiliary energy and is designed to burn fuel granules, comprising a casing with a casing wall preferably oriented in the vertical direction, comprising a filling opening provided in the wall of the casing, comprising a door for opening or closing the filling opening with a glass element that is in any case transparent at least in sections, comprising a combustion chamber arranged in the casing, comprising a reserve tank arranged below of the combustion chamber for fuel granules with a bottom and a wall on the shell side, protruding at the bottom edge towards the combustion chamber and comprising a solid refractory body provided in the combustion chamber by above the reserve tank and at a distance from it.

Current heating devices on the market for burning fuel granules have a storage tank for the fuel granules. In addition, a supply for primary combustion air is customarily configured in such a way that primary combustion air is in each case advantageously supplied to the combustion site. The adaptation of the primary combustion air supply is usually carried out by fully/completely or partially opening or closing individual primary air channels by means of a manually operated selector lever; this ultimately constitutes the risk that the primary combustion air is not fed optimally.

A generic heating device is known, for example, from EP 2 918 916 A1. In this case, thanks to the fact that the solid body is provided in the combustion chamber, the comparatively small flames that form when burning the combustible granules envelop the solid body and therefore appear optically enlarged. In this sense, the appearance of the flames is perceived by a larger or more voluminous observer, with the consequence that it corresponds to the classic flame appearance that occurs when burning wood or is close to it.

An apparatus for heating granulated fuels that works without auxiliary energy is also known from patent FR 2995666 A1.

The object of the present invention is to provide an improved heating apparatus, which can be handled and operated in a simple manner. The possibility of mishandling by incorrect positioning of a manually operable joystick for adjustment of a primary combustion air distribution must be avoided.

In order to achieve the object, the invention is characterized in relation to the preamble of claim 1 in that a first group of through openings is formed in the reservoir at the bottom and adjacent to the bottom on the side of the wall envelope. and above the first group of through openings adjacent to the upper edge of the reservoir on the side of the wall casing, a second group of through openings is formed. In addition, a supply for supplying the primary combustion air is configured in the heating device. The feed is guided and branched in the housing in such a way that the primary combustion air is always fed to the first group of through openings and the second group of through openings at the same time. A complete interruption of the primary air supply can also be provided. In the sense of the invention, the through openings are provided adjacent to the bottom of the reservoir on the shell side in the wall of the latter, where the through openings on the shell side are provided in a lower third of a vertically determined height of the storage tank in the installed state of the heating appliance. For the purposes of the invention, the through openings are provided adjacent to an upper edge of the storage container on the shell side of the wall of the latter, if they are formed in an upper third of the wall. In a central third, the shell-side wall is made without through openings or closed.

During the burning of the fuel granules, the reserve tank is used to store them. The primary combustion air for burning the fuel pellets is supplied in the same way through the first group of through openings and the second group of through openings. In particular, it is achieved by the first group of through openings that the primary air is fed advantageously from below by igniting the fuel granules and thus favorably shaping the combustion process. The second group of through openings, provided in the combustion of the fuel granules on the side of the shell in the wall of the storage tank near the upper edge, also serves for the supply of primary air. It does not negatively influence the burning of the fuel granules in the reserve tank, or in any case not noticeably. On the contrary, the primary air fed through the second group of through openings favors the post-combustion of the fuel granules and their thermal transformation is as complete as possible. In this sense, an energetically advantageous burning of the fuel granules in the heating appliance is guaranteed, especially taking into account that as the duration of burning of the fuel granules increases, ash and other combustion residues they can partially or completely close the first group of through openings, with the consequence that the primary combustion air ultimately reaches mainly or exclusively through the second group of through openings into the storage tank and from there into the combustion chamber . In this sense, the size or the number of through openings of the second group is designed in such a way that even when the first group of through openings is closed, a sufficient quantity of primary combustion air is supplied for the burning of the fuel granules. In this case, a change of the air line during operation of the heating device, for example by means of a manually operated selector lever, is no longer necessary. In this sense, the heating apparatus according to the invention is particularly easy to operate as well as being safe. In particular, improper handling and malfunction of the heating apparatus occurring as a result of improper handling are effectively prevented.

In particular in cooperation with the solid body, thanks to the combustion-optimized configuration of the reservoir and thanks to the provision of the first group of through openings and the second group of through openings, the combustion process can be optimized at the same time and the appearance of the flames in the burning of fuel granules to the classic appearance of flames, known from the burning of wood. In this sense, the heating apparatus according to the invention corresponds with regard to handling, the burning process, as well as the optical appearance during operation to conventional, wood-burning fireplaces or stoves.

According to the invention, in addition to the primary combustion air, secondary combustion air can be fed into the combustion chamber. While the primary combustion air is fed into the combustion chamber from below via the storage tank for fuel granules and/or an ash container, the secondary combustion air is fed directly into the combustion chamber. For example, it flows in this direction along a glass pane (glass element) assigned to the combustion chamber from above into the combustion chamber. The secondary combustion air can be supplied purely passively. A supplied quantity of the secondary combustion air can be regulated. A separate flow volume regulator can be used for regulation, or a regulation of the secondary combustion air together with the amount of primary combustion air can be carried out by means of a common flow volume regulator.

According to the invention, the heating device is configured as a heating device that operates without auxiliary energy. Within the meaning of the invention, this is to be understood as meaning a heating device in which the primary combustion air is passively sucked in or supplied during continuous operation, with no supply of fuel granules being dispensed with during operation. In this case, the storage tank is filled for one-time operation with combustible granules. For igniting the fuel granules, a liquid or solid igniting substance can be used and ignited. Therefore, electrically operated fans for the active supply of primary combustion air and/or exhaust air as well as motor-driven auxiliary and conveying means for sequential or continuous supply of wood fuel are dispensed with, that is, of the fuel granules. The electrical operation of the heating device is also dispensed with in the sense that neither an electrical control nor electrically actuated adjusting means or the like are provided.

The solid body made of an incombustible material can be spherical, cone-shaped, truncated-cone-shaped, pyramid-shaped, truncated-pyramid-shaped or disk-shaped, for example. A particularly favorable influence on the appearance of the flames results when the solid body is in any case widened or widened in sections in the direction of the flame deflection unit. This is the case in particular when the shape of a sphere, a cone, a truncated cone, a pyramid and a truncated pyramid is present. In addition, the solid body can be designed as a glass body or a baffle plate and can thus promote turbulence of the flue gases and can optically increase the flames. Other shapes are also conceivable, provided they are suitable by their geometry to be enveloped by the flame thereby optically widening the flame.

The solid body can be made of, for example, a metallic material or a mineral material. It may in particular be positioned suspended in the combustion chamber. The solid body can be provided for example in a wall-mounted manner by means of a holding device or can be carried by a support pillar. In the case of a suspended fastening of the solid body, a receptacle for a chain, a bar, a cable or another fastening means can be provided, in particular in the area of a lower deflector plate of the flame deflection unit.

The fuel pellet heater according to the invention can be designed, for example, as a fireplace-type stove or as a fireplace or an outdoor fireplace. The heat generated by the heating apparatus can be used for heating and/or heating an oven and/or for roasting or baking and/or for barbecue or the like.

According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the supply for the primary combustion air includes a flow volume regulator that can be operated manually or passively. The passage volume regulator is configured in such a way that the amount of the primary air supplied to the first group of through openings and the second group of through openings can be adjusted continuously or stepwise at the same time. In In this sense, thanks to the passage volume regulator, it is possible to control the amount of primary additional air and therefore, in particular, the combustion process and configure it in an optimized way. The passage volume regulator can, for example, have a rotary lever that can be operated manually to adjust the amount of air. The drive of the pitch volume regulator can be designed, for example, in such a way that there is a local stiffness in the radius of rotation or a notch-like shape with two preferred positions for the pitch volume regulator. In a first preferred position, the supply of primary air for the combustion initiation process is optimally configured. In a second preferred position, an optimum primary air supply for continuous operation results, which has been chosen advantageously, in particular with regard to emission values or other combustion values. However, the actuation of the through-flow regulator does not influence in this respect the controlled or distributed supply of the primary combustion air to the first group of through-openings and the second group of through-openings in the same way. In this sense, the step volume regulator is not a selector lever to change the direction of the air. For passive actuation of the flow rate regulator, for example, a temperature-sensitive switch, in particular a bimetallic switch, can be provided.

According to a further development of the invention, the storage container for fuel granules is covered by a screen with at least one through opening, through which the flames or combustion gases are led into the combustion chamber. The through cutout can extend in the horizontal or vertical direction and can serve to optimize burning or influence the appearance of the flames. For example, secondary air can be prevented from reaching the reserve tank. The shield can be disc-shaped or ring-shaped, for example, with the through opening being provided in the plane of the shield. The shield can, for example, have two disks arranged at a distance from one another in the horizontal direction, between which the through-cutout extends in the vertical direction and/or annularly or in the form of an annular segment. In cooperation with the solid body provided in the combustion chamber, the screen placed in the reserve tank serves in this sense to adapt the appearance of the flames in the burning of fuel granules more to the classic flame appearance of burning wood. . Specifically, it is the case that thanks to providing the screen with the through notch, the combustion gases or the flames reach the combustion chamber in a locally concentrated form, in this sense forming a larger flame above the through notch, which also appears optically enlarged by wrapping the solid body. At the same time, the division of the flames favors the reaction of the combustion gases with the oxygen provided in the combustion chamber. In this sense, an improved thermal transformation or a particularly high thermal efficiency can result for the heating device according to the invention. The emission during heating appliance operation, which is already particularly favorable due to the optimized supply of primary air, can be further improved in this regard.

Preferably, the storage container for fuel granules can be removable. This simplifies the filling of the storage tank with fuel granules and the cleaning of the storage tank after burning. In addition, a catch pan can optionally be provided below the storage tank as an ash container, which can also be removed, for example after removal of the storage tank.

Further advantages, features and details of the invention can be derived from the following dependent claims and the following description. The features mentioned there may be essential for the invention in each case individually or else in any desired combination. In particular, provision can be made for the solution according to the invention to be integrated into a fireplace-type stove or an (outdoor) fireplace or to configure the heating appliance differently with regard to its design and the choice of materials. The drawings serve only by way of example to clarify the invention and are not restrictive in any way.

They show:

Fig. 1 a perspective front side view of a heating appliance according to the invention with a door in a closed position,

Fig. 2 the heating appliance according to the invention according to figure 1 with the door in an open position,

Fig. 3 a sectional representation of the heating device according to Fig. 2,

Fig. 4 an enlarged representation of a combustion chamber and a storage tank of the heating appliance in section and

FIG. 5 a sectional representation according to FIG. 4 with a view of the primary air supply.

A heating appliance according to the invention according to FIGS. 1 to 5 comprises as essential geometry-determining components a casing 1 with a casing wall 2 extending essentially in the direction vertical, as well as with a door 3, which is mounted on the housing wall 2 and which has a glass element 4 which is in any case partially transparent. The door 3 closes a filling opening 20 provided in the housing wall 2 of the housing in a closed position. With regard to the vertical orientation of the door 3, it is assigned a combustion chamber 5 inside the casing 1. On the casing side, the combustion chamber 5 is delimited by the casing wall 2 or the door 3 and by refractory or heat-resistant lining elements 6 provided in the area of the casing wall 2. Upwards, following the combustion chamber 5, a flame deflection unit 7 is arranged. Below the combustion chamber In the combustion chamber 5, a storage tank 8 is provided. The storage tank 8 is designed to be removable and, with respect to its size, is configured such that it can be inserted or removed through the open filling opening.

On the housing 1, above the combustion chamber 5, there is a connection piece 22 for a chimney pipe (not shown), which is in functional connection with the flame deflector unit 7. Furthermore, in the combustion chamber 5 there is A sphere is provided as a solid body 17 suspended on a bar 23. The sphere 17 serves to be enveloped in the burning of the combustible granules by the flames with the consequence that the flames are deflected, appearing the appearance of flames of a large volume. A distance 18 between a lower edge of the solid body 17, on the one hand, and an upper edge of the storage container 8, on the other hand, has been chosen in this respect in such a way that the flames that are generated in the combustion of the Combustible granules surround the solid body 17.

The reserve tank 8 has a cylindrical shape. It provides a bottom 9 and a shell-side wall 10, which protrudes from the bottom 9 essentially in the direction perpendicular to the combustion chamber 5. In the area of the bottom 9, a plurality of first through openings 11 are provided. On the casing side, in the region of the wall 10, adjacent to an upper edge of the reservoir 8, a plurality of second through openings 12 are provided. The first group of through openings 11 is arranged in the bottom 9 of the reserve depot 8, in particular at regular distances from each other. While in the representation according to FIGS. 3 to 5, for greater clarity, the first through openings 11 are represented only in a partial area of the bottom 9, in the actual embodiment, the entire bottom 9 is preferably provided with the through openings 11. The second through openings 12 are arranged on the casing side at regular distances or evenly distributed and, relative to the illustrated installation state of the heating device, are arranged at the same vertical height. Upwards, that is, on the opposite side to the bottom 9, the reserve tank 8 is open.

In the illustrated exemplary embodiment of the invention, all through openings 11 of the first through opening group 11 on the one hand and all through openings 12 of the second through opening group 12 on the other hand are respectively arranged at the same vertical height. This is only given as an example. In this sense, provision can also be made for the individual through openings 11 of the first through opening group 11 and/or the individual through openings 12 of the second through opening group 12 to be arranged offset relative to one another in terms of width. height. Also the circular cross-section or the shape/geometry of the through openings 11, 12 has only been chosen by way of example. The through openings 11, 12 can be configured, for example, oval, rectangular or as a polygon and can be configured in different sizes.

In addition, an annular collar 13 is provided in the region of the upper edge of the reservoir 8, which protrudes radially from the shell-side wall 10 of the reservoir 8 and sits with a lower side surface parallel to the bottom 9. against a stop ring 21, to support or carry and position the reserve tank 8.

According to the shown exemplary embodiment of the invention, the reservoir 8 is suspended in the region of the upper edge (collar 13) in a suspended manner on a bottom of the combustion chamber 5 or rests on the stop ring 21 which creates a part of the bottom of the combustion chamber 5. Alternatively, the storage tank 8 can be provided in the casing 1 for example in a vertical position or can be supported on the side of the casing.

The geometric shape and the size of the reservoir 8 can vary within wide ranges. The reservoir 8 can have, for example, a rectangular or polygonal cross-section or it can have a hemispherical or truncated cone shape and taper towards the bottom 9. The illustrated embodiment and the geometry of the reservoir 8 is used in this sense preferably, although it has been chosen by way of example.

The upper edge of the storage tank 8 with the collar 13 can optionally protrude into the combustion chamber 5 of the heating appliance. The illustrated arrangement of the storage tank 8 is in this sense only an exemplary embodiment of the heating device according to the invention.

On the collar 13 of the reservoir 8 a disc-shaped screen 14 is placed. The screen 14 has a through hole 19 for the flames or combustion gases, which are generated in the burning of the fuel granules stored in the reserve tank 8 and which arrive through the through hole 19 in the combustion chamber 5 In the present case, the through cutout 19 as well as the shield 14 are circular.

In this case, the through cutout 19 is located in the center on the screen 14 and relative to its position below the dial 17.

During operation of the fuel granule heater, which is not shown in FIGS. 3 to 5 for simplicity, the storage tank 8 is filled with fuel granules and the fuel granules are ignited in the storage tank 8 from above or from below. down. The feeding of the primary combustion air is carried out during operation in the same way through the first group of through openings 11 and through the second group of through openings 12. As the duration of the burning increases, ash or other combustion residues combustion can close the first group of through openings 11 in the bottom 9 of the reserve tank 8. It is true that in this case the primary combustion air continues to be fed to the first group of through openings 11. However, the combustion air The primary combustion air no longer flows through the first group of through openings 11 or only partly or to a reduced extent, with the consequence that the primary combustion air can only or preferably flow through the second group of through openings 12 into the storage tank 8 and from there to the combustion chamber 5.

In addition, a manually operable throughput volume regulator 15 is provided in the heating device, with which the supplied amount of primary combustion air can be varied. The through volume regulator 15 is not configured to influence the distribution of the primary combustion air. In particular, by means of the through volume regulator 15, the amount of the primary combustion air supplied to the first through openings 11 cannot be adjusted or changed in relation to the amount of the primary combustion air supplied to the second through openings 12.

The pitch volume regulator 15 has, for example, a rotary lever, which can be turned in the horizontal direction within a predetermined angular range. For example, a first preferred position and/or a second preferred position can be formed for the pivotable lever in the radius of rotation, with a local hardness being provided. In the first preferred position, the amount of primary air supply for the burning process of the fuel granules can be set optimally, while in the second preferred position an optimum primary air supply for continuous operation of the system is realized. heating device. In this sense, in the second preferred position an optimization with respect to the emission values or the combustion values can be achieved.

In the present exemplary embodiment of the invention, a collection tray 16 is also provided below the storage tank 8. The collection tray 16 collects dirt or ash or other combustion residues, which exit through the through openings 11, 12 of the storage tank 8 and thus counteracts contamination of the heating device. In the present case it is the case that the collecting tray 16 can be removed, emptied or cleaned and reinserted after removal of the reservoir 8 through the filling opening formed in the housing 1 if the door 3 is open. . Alternatively, a separate opening for the removal of the drip tray 16 can be provided in the housing 1.

Of course, the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments. The through openings 11, 12 can be irregularly arranged, for example, or can be irregularly distributed. With respect to the second through openings 12, which are provided on the side of the casing in the reservoir 8, they can be made at an unequal vertical height. The through openings 11, 12 can have an irregular geometry or can be arranged asymmetrically. The cross-sectional geometry of the through openings 11, 12 can be freely varied or chosen within wide ranges. For example, the through openings 11, 12 can have a circular, oval or rectangular or square cross-section.

According to an alternative embodiment of the invention, a drawer can be provided in the casing 1 which presents or houses the collecting tray 16, which can be operated from the outside and which is opened or removed for emptying or cleaning the collecting tray. . It is also possible to dispense with providing the drip pan 16. In this sense, it represents only an optional design feature.

The choice of sphere 17 as the solid body is also to be understood as an example only. The solid body 17 can have, for example, a cone shape, a truncated cone shape, a pyramid shape, a truncated pyramid shape or a dice shape. The solid body 17 can be configured, for example, in the shape of a plate in the manner of a flame deflector plate or it can have a segmental shape of a sphere. The suspension of the solid body 17 can be carried out in the way shown by means of a bar 23 or alternatively by means of a cable, a chain or the like. The solid body can be suspended in the manner shown on a deflector plate of the flame deflection unit 7. Alternatively, the solid body 17 can be fixed to the wall, a support arm fixed to the wall being provided for this. of the carcass 1 or on the cladding elements 6. The solid body 17 can be supported, for example, in a vertical position on a supporting pillar.

Furthermore, it is understood that the geometry of the housing 1 of the heating device as well as the geometry of the combustion chamber 5 can be configured largely variable. The cross sections of the housing 1 or of the combustion chamber 5 can be chosen, for example, to be rectangular, circular or oval.

Optionally, a cover can be placed on the reserve tank 8, which has at least one through opening for the passage of flames or combustion gases from the reserve tank 8 to the combustion chamber 5. The cover with the through opening serves in this connection for optimization of combustion and/or for influencing the appearance of the flames. In particular, the appearance of the flames of the pellet heater can approximate the appearance of the flames of a classic wood fire.

The same components and component functions are indicated by the same reference numbers.

Claims (13)

1. Device for heating pellet fuels that can be operated without auxiliary energy, which is designed to burn pellet fuels, comprising a casing (1) with a casing wall (2), including a filling opening (20) provided in the wall of the casing (2), comprising a door (3) to open or close the filling opening (20) with a glass element (4) that in any case is transparent at least in sections, comprising a combustion chamber (5) arranged in the casing (1), comprising a reserve tank (8) arranged below the combustion chamber (5) for the fuel granules with a bottom (9) and a wall (10) on the combustion side. the casing protruding from the edge at the bottom (9) towards the combustion chamber (5), and comprising a solid refractory body (17) provided in the combustion chamber above the reserve tank (8) and at a distance of this, characterized because in the dep reserve tank (8) in the bottom (9) and adjacent to the bottom (9) on the side of the casing on the wall (10) that protrudes towards the combustion chamber (5) from the bottom (9) a first group of through openings (11) is configured and above the first group of through openings (11) adjacent to the upper edge of the reservoir (8) on the side of the wall casing (10) there is a second group of through openings (12), a supply for a primary combustion air being guided in the housing (1) in a branched manner such that in the supply of the primary combustion air, the primary combustion air is always supplied to the first group of through openings (11) and the second group of through openings (12). Heating appliance according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply for the primary combustion air has a flow volume regulator (15) that can be operated manually, and can be adjusted by means of the flow volume regulator (15) at the same time. the amount of the primary air fed to the first group of through openings (11) and the second group of through openings (12) in a continuous or staggered manner. Heating appliance according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the storage tank (8) is configured as a removable storage tank (8), a size of the filling opening (20) being dimensioned such that the tank reserve (8) can be inserted into the housing (1) or removed from it when the door (3) is open. Heating appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 3, characterized in that an additional air opening for the primary combustion air is provided in the housing (1) as part of the supply and is positioned in such a way that the combustion air primary combustion can always be fed into the storage tank (8) from below and/or that the additional air opening is arranged below the bottom (9) of the storage tank (8) in the housing (1). Heating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the through openings (11, 12) of the first through opening group (11) and/or of the second through opening group (12) are designed as cylindrical and/or hole-like through openings (11, 12). Heating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that all the through openings (11) of the first group of through openings (11) are located at the same height and/or in that all the through openings (12) of the second group of through openings (12) are arranged above the first group of through openings (11) at the same height. Heating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that in any case individual through openings (11) of the first group of through openings (11) are located above the bottom (9) of the storage tank (8). ) and/or because in any case some individual through openings (12) of the second group of through openings (12) are arranged above the first group of through openings (11) at different vertical heights. Heating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the solid body (17) is fixed in a suspended manner on a deflector plate of a flame deflection unit (7) delimiting the combustion chamber (5) on an upper side opposite the reserve tank (8) and/or is located at a distance from a cladding element (6) of the combustion chamber (5) and/or from the glass element (4). Heating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the solid body (17) is located/fixed on the wall and/or is supported by a support arm extending essentially in the horizontal direction, which is fixed on the housing wall (2) and/or on the cladding element (6). Heating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the solid body (17) has a spherical shape. Heating appliance according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that the solid body (17) is in any case made up of cone-shaped and/or truncated cone-shaped and/or pyramid-shaped and/or or in the form of a truncated pyramid or in the form of a flame deflector plate. Heating appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 11, characterized in that a collection tray (16) for combustion residues is provided below the bottom (9) of the storage tank (8). Heating appliance according to one of Claims 1 to 12, characterized in that a collar (13) is located at the upper edge of the reservoir (8) and that an opposite screen (14) sits against the collar (13) from above. at the bottom (9) with a through cutout (19), the shield (14) preferably being disc-shaped or ring-shaped.