ES2894904A1 - Recoverable fusible gate of polygonal landfill with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Recoverable fusible gate of polygonal landfill with opening system and close a water passage section in a hydraulic work. The gate (1) is coupled to a fixed structure (3) of the hydraulic work by several first articulated connections (4) located in a horizontal alignment in proximity to a lower edge of the water passage (3) section (3); and comprising two main mechanisms (5, 5') of locking/unlocking that are activated from the level acquired by the water that elevates floats (6) arranged in compartments (8) located in a stirrups of the gate (1), to which the water accesses by holes (7) located at the bottom of the compartments (8) and that once they release the retention of the gate (1), this scroll with rollover around the first articulated connections (4) Above upstream with cushioned support on the water bed. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

POLYGONAL LANDFILL RECOVERABLE FUSE GATE WITH

OPENING AND CLOSING SYSTEM OF A WATER PASSAGE SECTION IN

A HYDRAULIC WORK

TECHNICAL SECTOR

The present invention corresponds to the technical field of the industry sector dedicated to the design and execution of excess flow evacuation elements, whether in a work in channels, such as intakes or protection works such as motes; channels; spillways in weirs, dams and hydraulic ponds; or any other civil works that has a spillway for the evacuation of excess flows to control the water levels in said works, when these levels exceed the maximum levels for ordinary exploitation and, more specifically, to the design sector of gates in works spillways transport and storage hydraulics.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

In the field of hydrological safety of dams, there is currently a growing interest in expanding the drainage capacity of their spillways, which is leading to review the design criteria for this type of infrastructure, demanding greater safety against overflow or uncontrolled discharge on its crowning, with the aim of avoiding the serious consequences caused by it.

In order to highlight the importance of hydrological safety, it should be noted that in the case of loose material dams "overflow is the main or exclusive cause of 31% of breakages of loose material dams in the world, this percentage rising to 49% when it is counted as a cause associated with another phenomenon (ICOLD Bulletin No. 99, Dam Failure. Statistical Analysis)”.

In addition, these overflows are motivated by extreme hydrological events or floods, which are more and more frequent, motivated by the action of climate change, which is why technicians and professional associations are clearly proposing an increase in safety that can be applied to existing spillways. or new construction.

Within the different types of spillways, labyrinth spillways are built and designed. Its particularity lies in the shape of the spillway which, seen from the ground plan, can be assimilated to a “zig-zag”. When this zig-zag has a rectangular shape, a subtype of labyrinth spillways called piano key is defined.

The main characteristic of the labyrinth spillways is, by virtue of this particular geometry, the high drainage capacity for over-elevations of reduced sheets of water. Thus, its advantages are established comparatively with the classic spillway solutions as follows:

- Increased security. These gates require less space than conventional spillways to reach the calculation flows (since they have a longer discharge length), which is why an increase in discharge capacity is achieved for the same reservoir elevation. Therefore, its use increases the level of hydrological safety of the dam.

- Increase in the capacity of the useful reservoir. This solution makes it possible to reduce the maximum levels of the reservoir during the influx of a flood, since these calculation flows are evacuated for smaller over-elevations of water layers (ratio of hydraulic efficiency). This would make it possible to increase the useful reservoir, by facilitating the increase in the maximum normal level, keeping the protection criteria constant and, therefore, the level of safety against extreme floods.

The fuse gate concept should also be mentioned at this point. These are gates that are located on the threshold of a spillway and, as their name suggests, they can be moved from their original location when necessary, either by dragging or, as in this case, by overturning at a certain moment (that moment is when a certain height of water is reached in the reservoir) so that it leaves a much larger space free for the evacuation of the flow.

This technique has been applied occasionally in other countries, although it has the drawback that the current gates, once they lose stability due to an extraordinary flood, are dragged uncontrollably by the downstream current, which has an important economic impact for the owner in its replacement.

As an example of the state of the art, patents with publication number US5032038A and WO2009050342A1 are known.

For this reason, they are only used for designs associated with extraordinary floods or those with a high return period, that is, those with a very low probability of occurrence.

In the specific field of dam engineering, this type of design, although more frequent in concrete dams, is applicable to spillways of any type of dam.

Therefore, it is observed that the fuse gates, even being a system that presents a solution in the search for a device that improves the evacuation capacity in spillways, is a system that still has room for improvement to increase the safety of the work where It is available by expanding its use to avenues with not very high return periods and by reducing its operating costs.

On the other hand, there are other hydraulic works that require evacuation devices to control water levels, avoiding unwanted discharges, such as: water transport channels, lateral dikes used to channel rivers, regulation ponds or reservoirs, among others.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

In order to achieve the objectives and avoid the drawbacks mentioned in the previous sections, the invention proposes a recoverable fuse gate for a polygonal landfill with an opening and closing system for a water passage section in a hydraulic work.

The gate is coupled to a fixed structure of the hydraulic work by means of several first articulated connections located in a horizontal alignment in proximity to a lower edge of the water passage section.

The opening and closing system comprises two main gate locking/unlocking mechanisms that are activated from the level acquired by the water that raises some floats arranged in separate compartments located in some brackets of the gate and to which the water accesses through some water passages located in the lower part of said gate; where, once the retention of the sluice gate is released, it tilts with overturning around the first upstream articulated connections with cushioned support on the water bed.

Tipping the gate upstream prevents it from floating due to its weight and the entry of water into the lower part of the gate through holes located in its lower front part; where this system also allows, depending on the amount of water allowed to enter, to regulate the rate of descent of the gate during its overturning.

The fuse gate with the opening and closing system also includes a protection structure, mesh and articulated, against elements in suspension in the water, which protects the upstream movement of the gate at all times by preventing the accumulation of undesirable elements in the turning area in which the first articulated connections are found; where said protection structure prevents jamming of the first articulated connections in which the penstock articulates.

Each of the main mechanisms comprises at least one latch handle linked to a float. Said latch handle is associated with a plate that forms part of the gate; where when the gate is placed in a closed position sealing off the water flow passage section, the gate plate abuts tangentially against a curved end portion of the latch handle ensuring the interlocking of each main mechanism locking the gate in position closed.

On the other hand, when the water level rises inside the compartments until it reaches the floats, the hydraulic thrust of the water on them causes said floats to act on the latch handles, making them tilt upwards until the retention of the gate is released, leaving it not in contact their plates with the bolt cranks, which during the process of raising the floats by the hydraulic push of the water, said bolt handles tilt upwards around second articulated connections.

Once the retention of the gate is released, it tilts around the first upstream articulated connections with cushioned support on the water bed.

In a first embodiment of the invention, each main mechanism comprises two bolt handles connected to end sections of a horizontal crossbar that is associated with a longitudinal lever contained in a vertical plane perpendicular to the crossbar; where each latch handle is coupled to a respective second articulated connection.

A first end section of the longitudinal lever is coupled to two wings by means of a third articulated connection; where a second end section of said cross lever, opposite to the first end section, is linked to a central area of the cross bar; and where the float is connected to the longitudinal lever.

In a second embodiment of the invention, each main mechanism comprises a latch handle connected to an end section of a lateral bar with several angular bends which is in turn connected to a float.

Each of the compartments is delimited by a bottom and side walls; where a part of said side walls forms part of the gate; and where the bottom of each compartment includes the water passages formed by holes.

The passage section includes an intermediate seal along its entire perimeter edge that is configured so that the gate rests on it as means of sealing the passage of water in the closed position of the gate.

The gate comprises a hollow structure with the inclusion of holes located in a lower part of the gate; where during the tilting and overturning of the gate towards its opening position, the water passes through said holes, to an interior space of the gate.

The protection structure, located below the first articulated connections, comprises a first part and a second part that are hinged to each other by means of an intermediate articulated connection; and where the first part is coupled to the gate by means of a first hinged connection, while the second part is coupled to the retaining structure by means of a second articulated connection.

The first end section of the longitudinal lever of each main mechanism includes a crossbar through which the third articulated connection is made.

The second articulated connections of the main mechanism include axes integral with the bolt handles, and which fit through their opposite end sections in pairs of holes of pairs of collateral fins integral with one of the side walls that delimit the compartments.

Each pair of fins in which the longitudinal lever of the main mechanism articulates, are attached to one of the side walls that delimit the compartments.

The basis of the recoverable fuse gate of the invention consists of the overturning mechanism and system in case of overflow, which occurs upstream of the current by means of its mechanical unlocking due to the action of the over-elevation of the water sheet. over the gate.

After the release occurs, the penstock rotates on its first articulated connections (lower rotation axis), freeing the space occupied by it, in such a way that the relief capacity of the whole is considerably increased, thus controlling the water level and thus improving the safety of the infrastructure by avoiding uncontrolled discharges.

In the application of the invention to a dam/reservoir, the system presents a partial closure of a spillway by attaching, upstream of it, the gate with a higher pouring lip and with a polygonal shape, with a geometry to be determined in each case and , therefore, of greater length and pouring capacity. The gate is firmly attached to the spillway with a horizontal axis of rotation (first articulated connection) at its lower edge supporting the spill lip, and through the interlocking of the upper part of its two lateral vertical edges, in the abutments of the spillway. The closure is guaranteed by the series of sealing joints around the entire perimeter.

The gate fastening system is unlocked by a hydraulic system based on floats that, once they reach a predetermined height of the water sheet, act on the main mechanisms that automatically release the gate without the need for electricity or electricity. of human intervention.

To prevent possible interference in the turning of the gate, the system includes the protection structure against elements suspended in the water, which protects the upstream movement of the gate at all times, preventing the accumulation of undesirable elements under the gate. , in the turning area.

The upstream tipping system, combined with the shape of the gate, makes it possible to take advantage of the buoyant force and the damping of the water to control the speed of rotation during the gate's fall. Reducing the speed of rotation prevents damage to the damper or the need for expensive damping devices.

In the case of a reservoir, after the passage of a flood that has reached the level of the reservoir established to unlock the gate, causing the consequent overturning of the same, alleviating the flood and recovering the normal situation in the reservoir, we proceed to restore the penstock to its original position by lifting it and then locking it.

This recovery would be carried out in a similar way after its use in other types of infrastructure such as water transport channels, channeling dykes, ponds, etc. The recovery mechanism consists, for example, in raising it to its initial position using hoists placed in the areas adjacent to the spillway (or cranes), and reactivating the interlocking system, leaving the gate ready for a new use.

In normal operation, the gate has the drainage capacity of a labyrinth weir or conventional thin wall piano key.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

In order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of its practical embodiment, a series of drawings is provided as an integral part of said description, where, by way of illustration and not limitation, represented the following:

Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view from upstream of the recoverable fuse gate of a polygonal landfill with an opening and closing system for a water passage section in a hydraulic work, object of the invention. The gate is in a closed position.

Figure 2.- Shows a perspective view similar to the previous figure, where the gate is located in an open position.

Figure 3.- Shows a perspective view similar to that shown in figure 1, where a main gate locking/unlocking mechanism has a different configuration than that shown in the two previous figures.

Figure 4.- Shows a perspective view from upstream of the recoverable fuse gate in the closed (locked) position, for a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 5.- Shows a perspective view from upstream of the recoverable fuse gate in the open position (unlocked), for a preferred embodiment of the invention.

Figure 6.- Shows a perspective view from upstream of the lower part of the recoverable fuse gate in the closed (locked) position, for a preferred embodiment of the invention. The purpose of this figure is to show the axis of rotation of said gate.

Figure 7.- Shows an aerial view of the recoverable fuse gate in the closed (locked) position, for a preferred embodiment of the invention. The purpose of this figure is to show the opening and closing system in which some floats arranged on both brackets participate.

Figure 8.- Shows an aerial view of the recoverable fuse gate in the open position (unlocked), for a preferred embodiment of the invention. The The purpose of this figure is to show the opening and closing system in which the floats arranged on both brackets participate, as well as the water passage section in coincidence with which the gate is placed.

Figures 9a to 9c.- Show some sketches of the folding or turning of the recoverable fuse gate during the opening process. These sketches also show a protection structure against elements suspended in the water, which protects the upstream movement of the gate at all times, preventing the accumulation of undesirable elements under the gate, in the turning area. Figures 10a to 10c.- Show some sketches of the operation of the opening and closing system, but now during recovery of the recoverable fuse gate towards its closing position.

Figure 11.- Shows a plan view showing a main locking/unlocking mechanism that is housed inside a compartment located on each of the two sides of the gate.

Figure 12.- Shows another plan view similar to that shown in figure 11, with the particularity that the main mechanism is different from the one shown in figure 11.

Figure 13a.- Shows a profile view of the closed gate, where the main mechanism is located in a locking position, ensuring retention of the gate in the closed position.

Figure 13b.- Shows a view similar to figure 13a, with the difference that the gate is in the process of opening.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

In view of the figures provided, a preferred embodiment of the recoverable fuse gate 1 of a polygonal landfill can be seen with an opening and closing system for a passage section 3 of water in a hydraulic work; where the gate 1 for the improvement of hydrological safety in civil works, includes a labyrinth configuration type piano key 1a that has a hollow structure.

The gate 1 is designed to be able to close or release the passage section 3 (spillway) of the hydraulic work; where in the embodiment shown in the figures, said passage section 3 interrupts the continuity of a fixed structure 2 (such as a dam, for example).

The gate 1 is coupled by means of several first articulated connections 4 arranged in the same horizontal alignment below a lower edge of the passage section 3, which in the embodiment shown in the figures, said passage section 3 has a rectangular configuration .

The first articulated connections 4, in which both rotation axes 4a participate, allow the penstock 1 to tip upstream when it is unlocked, thus freeing the space of the passage section 3 occupied by the penstock 1 in the position closed, highlighting that in this way the relief capacity of the complex increases considerably, thus improving the safety of the infrastructure.

The opening and closing system comprises two main locking/unlocking mechanisms 5, 5' located in the brackets of the passage section 3 and housed in the highest part of respective compartments 8 located in coincidence with said brackets on both opposite sides of step section 3; where said compartments 8 include bottoms with holes 7 through which the water can pass into the interior space of said compartments 8 when the level of the mass of water retained upstream by the gate 1 in the closed position rises.

Each of the main mechanisms 5, 5' comprises at least one latch handle 9 linked to a float 6; where said latch handle 9 is in turn associated with a plate 1b that forms part of the gate 1, so that when the gate 1 is located in a closed position, it blocks the passage of the water flow through the passage section 3 , the plate 1b of the gate 1 abuts against a curved end portion 9a of the lock handle 9 ensuring the interlocking of each main mechanism 5, 5' locking the gate 1 in its closed position.

On the other hand, when the water level rises inside the compartments 8 until it reaches the floats 6, the thrust of the liquid fluid on them causes said floats 6 to directly or indirectly pull the lock handles 9 upwards until the retention of the water is released. gate 1 leaving its plates 1b out of contact with the lock handles 9, which during the lifting process of the floats 6 by the push of the water, said lock handles 9 rotate upwards around second articulated connections 10.

Once the retention of the gate 1 has been released as described in the preceding paragraph and due to its own weight, said gate 1 will tilt around the first articulated connections 4 completely freeing the passage section 3 to allow the water flow to pass.

These articulated connections 10 include axes 10a integral with the bolt handles 9, and which fit through their opposite end sections in pairs of holes 10b of pairs of collateral fins 11 integral with one of the side walls that delimit the compartments 8.

In a first embodiment of the invention, as shown for example in figures 1 and 2, each main mechanism 5 comprises two bolt handles 9 connected to end sections of a horizontal crossbar 12 associated with a longitudinal lever 13 contained in a vertical plane. perpendicular to the crossbar 12 arranged in a horizontal direction; where each bolt handle 9 is coupled to each pair of collateral wings 11 by means of the respective second articulated connection 10.

A first end section of the longitudinal lever 13 is coupled to two wings 14 by means of a third articulated connection 15; where a second end section of said transverse lever 13, opposite the first end, is linked to a central area of the crossbar 12. The first end section of the longitudinal lever 13 includes a crosspiece 13a through which the third articulated connection is made 15. The float 6 is connected to the longitudinal lever 13. Each pair of fins 14 in which the longitudinal lever 13 articulates, are attached to one of the side walls that delimit the compartments 8.

In line with what has been said in the two previous paragraphs, when the water level reaches the two floats 6 housed inside the two compartments 8, the thrust of the water on the floats 6 causes the longitudinal lever 13 to be lowered upwards, which will move up to the pairs of lock handles 9 until releasing the retaining gate 1 leaving its plates 1b out of contact with the bolt handles 9.

In a second embodiment of the invention as shown in Figure 3, each main mechanism 5' comprises a lock handle 9 connected to an end section of a lateral bar 16 with several angular bends which is in turn connected to a float 6; where as in the first embodiment, each bolt handle 9 is coupled to each pair of collateral wings 11 by means of the respective second articulated connection 10.

In a similar way to what has been described in the first embodiment, when the water level reaches the two floats 6 housed inside the two compartments 8, the push of the water on the floats 6 causes the longitudinal lever 13 to fold upwards, which it will move the pairs of lock handles 9 upwards until it releases the retention of the gate 1, leaving its plates 1b out of contact with the lock handles 9.

It should be noted that an angular part 8a of the side walls that define the compartments 8 form part of the gate 1 itself, so that when the gate 1 is closed, its tightness is ensured by means of an intermediate seal 17.

Thus, the fastening system of the gate 1 is unlocked by a hydraulic system based on the floats 6 located in the same compartments 8 as the mechanical interlocks formed by the lock levers 9 in association with the plates 1b of the gate 1, so that once the sheet of water reaches a predetermined height, the main mechanisms 5, 5' are activated according to the first or second embodiment of the invention.

In a third embodiment of the invention, the main mechanisms comprise a gear system (not shown in the figures); where in all cases the activation of the main mechanisms release the gate automatically without the need for electricity or human intervention.

Water access to the main locking/unlocking devices or mechanisms 5, 5' occurs through holes 7 located in the lower part or bottom of the compartments 8 that house said locking devices 5 that integrate the floats 6.

Also a system of holes 18 made in the lower part of the sluice 1, allow the access of water to the lower part of the said sluice 1. In this way the floating of the sluice 1 is avoided when its lock has been released. This system of holes 18 also allows, depending on the amount of water allowed to enter the interior space of the gate 1 of hollow structure 1, to regulate the rate of descent of the gate 1 on the bed of water during its opening.

Below the gate 1 and inside the water bed, there is a protection structure 19, meshed and articulated, against elements in suspension in the water, which protects the upstream movement of the gate 1 at all times by preventing the accumulation of undesirable elements under the gate 1, in the turning area of the gate 1, coinciding with the first articulated connections 4.

The holes (7) allow either the entry of water or the introduction of a ballast such as, for example, concrete. This system also allows, depending on the amount of water allowed to enter or ballast applied to it, to regulate the rate of descent of the gate and with it the variation of the drainage flows”.

Claims (11)

1.- Polygonal landfill retrievable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, characterized in that: - the gate (1) is coupled to a fixed structure (2) of the hydraulic work by means of several first articulated connections (4) located in a horizontal alignment in proximity to a lower edge of the passage section (3) of water; - comprises two main mechanisms (5, 5') for locking/unlocking the gate (1); - the main locking/unlocking mechanisms (5,5') are activated from the level reached by the water that raises some floats (6) arranged in respective compartments (8) located in some brackets of the gate (1) and to the that the water accesses through some water passages located in the lower part of said gate (1); where once the retention of the gate (1) is released, it tilts with overturning around the first articulated connections (4) upstream with cushioned support on the water bed. 2 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to claim 1, where the overturning of said gate (1) upstream prevents its floating from its weight and the entrance of water in the lower part of the gate (1) through some holes (18) located in the lower front part of the same; where this system also allows, depending on the amount of water allowed to enter, to regulate the rate of descent of the gate (1) during its overturning. 3 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a protection structure (19), mesh and articulated, against elements suspended in the water, which protects the upstream movement of the gate (1) at all times by preventing the accumulation of undesirable elements in the turning area where the first articulated connections (4) are located; where said protection structure (19) prevents jamming of the first articulated connections (4) in which the gate (1) articulates. 4. Recoverable polygonal landfill fuse gate with an opening and closing system for a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the main mechanisms (5, 5') it comprises at least one latch handle (9) linked to a float (6); where said latch handle (9) is associated with a plate (1b) that forms part of the gate (1); where when the gate (1) is located in a closed position blocking the passage section (3) of the water flow, the plate (1b) of the gate (1) abuts tangentially against a curved end portion (9a) of the latch handle (9) ensuring the interlocking of each main mechanism (5, 5') blocking the gate (1) in its closed position; where when the water level rises inside the compartments (8) until it reaches the floats (6), the hydraulic thrust of the water on them causes said floats (6) to act on the lock handles (9) making them tilt upwards until release the retention of the gate (1) leaving its plates (1b) out of contact with the lock handles (9), which during the process of raising the floats (6) by the hydraulic thrust of the water, said lock handles (9) tilt upwards around second articulated connections (10); and where once the retention of the gate (1) is released, it tilts around the first articulated connections (4) upstream with cushioned support on the water bed. 5 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to claim 4, characterized in that: - each main mechanism (5) comprises two bolt handles (9) connected to some end sections of a horizontal crossbar (12) that is associated with a longitudinal lever (13) contained in a vertical plane perpendicular to the crossbar (12) ; where each latch handle (9) is coupled to the respective second articulated connection (10); - a first end section of the longitudinal lever (13) is coupled to two wings (14) by means of a third articulated connection (15); where a second end section of said cross lever (13), opposite the first end section, is linked to a central area of the cross bar (12); and where the float (6) is connected to the longitudinal lever (13). 6.- Recoverable polygonal landfill fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to claim 4, characterized in that each main mechanism (5') comprises a bolt handle (9) connected to an end section of a lateral bar (16) with various angular bends which is in turn connected to a float (6). 7 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to any one of the preceding claims 4 to 6, characterized in that each of the compartments (8) is delimited by a bottom and side walls; where a part of said side walls forms part of the gate (1); and where the bottom of each compartment (8) includes the water passages formed by holes (7). 8 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the passage section (3) includes its entire perimeter edge an intermediate gasket (17) that is configured so that the gate (1) rests on it as means of sealing the passage of water in the closed position of the gate (1). 9.- Recoverable polygonal landfill fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to claim 2, characterized in that the gate (1) comprises a hollow structure with the inclusion of holes (18) located in a lower part of the gate (1); where during the tilting and overturning of the gate (1) towards its open position, the water passes through said holes (18), to an interior space of the gate (1). 10 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to claim 3, characterized in that the protection structure (19), located below the first articulated connections (4), comprises a first part and a second part that are hinged to each other by means of an intermediate articulated connection; and where the first part is coupled to the gate (1) by means of a first hinged connection, while the second part is coupled to the retaining structure (2) by means of a second articulated connection. 11. Recoverable polygonal landfill fuse gate with an opening and closing system for a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to claim 5, characterized in that the first end section of the longitudinal lever (13) includes a crossbar ( 13a) through which the third articulated connection (15) is made. 12 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to any one of the preceding claims 4 or 5, characterized in that the second articulated connections (10) include axes (10a) integral with the bolt handles (9), and which fit through their opposite end sections in pairs of holes (10b) of pairs of collateral wings (11) integral with one of the side walls that delimit the compartments (8) . 13 - Polygonal landfill recoverable fuse gate with opening and closing system of a water passage section in a hydraulic work, according to claim 5, characterized in that each pair of fins (14) in which the longitudinal lever (13) articulates ), are attached to one of the side walls that delimit the compartments (8).