ES2821014A1 - Lifting device braking device and associated braking procedure (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Lifting apparatus braking device and associated braking procedure. Lifting apparatus braking device, comprising a braking element (7) that can be coupled to a guide (1) and to a capture element (6) to immobilize the car, an electromagnet (3) for activating the braking element (7), and an articulated actuator mechanism (4), linked to the braking element (7). The actuator mechanism (4) comprises a first arm (13), linked to an electromagnet (3), a second arm (14), pivoting to the first arm (13), a third arm (16), pivoting to the second arm (14) through a second joint (18), and linked to the braking element (7), which it displaces, and a friction element (20), linked to a second end (19) of the third arm (16), and can be coupled with the guide (1) to obtain a safe position of the cabin on the guide (1). (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Lifting device braking device and associated braking procedure

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention falls within the technical field of elevator safety devices, more specifically in that of braking or retention devices that act between the car and the elements or fixed surfaces for guiding the elevator shaft by means of linearly movable wedges, and refers in particular to an electromechanical actuating device for activating the parachute of a lifting device, such as an elevator, in emergency situations. The invention also relates to a method for braking lifting devices associated with the device.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Safety systems commonly used in elevators generally consist of emergency braking devices that are used to brake an elevator car in cases where it reaches excessively high speeds, which can occur for example due to defects in control or control. actuation of your brake, due to breaks and sags in the cable.

These emergency braking devices are also used to prevent uncontrolled movements of the car, such as sliding out of the stop position. They can also be activated to lock the car in a certain position, such as, for example, to temporarily secure the safety space during the performance of inspection or maintenance tasks of the elevator.

Safety electronics is increasingly used in the technical field of elevator safety systems, and these electronic safety systems can be classified as active type, which require an energy input for positive actuation of the safety mechanism. , and in the passive type, which require the contribution of energy to keep the security system in an operating state of retention.

Although passive safety systems offer an increase in functionality, they have the great disadvantage of requiring a continuous supply of energy to be operational, with the increase in energy expenditure that this implies, thus increasing the operating costs of the device. Also, such passive systems typically have larger components due to high power requirements during operation, which adversely affects the overall size, weight, and efficiency of the apparatus.

One of the key elements of the safety systems is the actuator installed in the elevator car, also referred to as a traveling set. This actuator allows safe operation in the event of any risk event detected by the positioning system, and must ensure braking that will be carried out in the traditional way, in the manner of conventional wedging. The main difference is in the activation of the braking, which is electromechanical, rather than mechanical, by a speed limiter.

Various devices for safety braking of elevators are known in the current state of the art. For example, the PCT patent with publication number WO2013052059 describes a braking system that includes two or more braking surfaces located in an elevator car and that can be frictionally engaged with a rail. One or more actuators are located in the elevator car and are operatively connected to a braking surface. The actuators are configured to drive engagement and disengagement of the braking surface with the rail to stop and hold the elevator car during operation. Also, one or more braking guides are located in the elevator car to maintain a selected distance between the two or more braking surfaces and the rail.

Patent document with publication number EP1902993 discloses an elevator brake system comprising a brake member that guides a roller, where the member is designed as a guide that can be moved relative to a guide rail and a body of Pressure. The guide cooperates directly with the roller and is formed such that it moves to a pole-distant position during de-energization of electromagnets for the guide rail, so that the roller contacts the guide rail and moves into a wedge space, as well as temporarily bringing the guide device from the distant pole position to a near pole position.

For its part, European patent EP3147248 deals with a braking system for a lifting structure guided along a guide rail. The braking system includes a braking member having a braking surface configured to frictionally engage the guide rail, the braking member being movable between a braking position and a non-braking position. Also included is a brake member actuation mechanism operatively coupled thereto and configured to actuate from the non-braking position to the braking position, such that the actuation mechanism remains coupled to the brake member in the braking position to controlling the braking force applied on the lifting frame by frictional engagement between the guide rail and the brake member.

Along the same lines, the international PCT application with publication number WO2017087978 describes a selectively operable magnetic braking system comprising a safety brake adapted to stop movement when moving from a non-braking state to a braking state, and a brake magnetic configured to move between a latched position and a non-latched position. The magnetic brake, when in the engaged position, moves both the safety brake from the unbraked state to the braked state, as well as an electromagnetic component configured to hold the magnetic brake with holding power in the unengaged position.

Finally, the Spanish patent with publication number ES2622333 refers to an elevator with a cabin guided on guide rails and with a safety brake arranged in the cabin and designed to exert a braking force on the guide if a criterion is not met. of security. The safety brake comprises a brake box provided with a wedge-shaped opening into which at least a part of a guide rail can be inserted; a brake body that can be inserted into the opening between a surface of the brake housing delimiting the wedge-shaped opening and a guide surface of the guide rail; an actuation mechanism by which an actuation force can be transmitted on the brake body and by which the brake body can be pressed on the boundary surface and the guide surface; and a release mechanism that is connected to the body of the brake and holds it in the rest position against the actuation force. The invention is characterized in that the release mechanism has at least one articulated arm that can be placed in an extended position and a bent position.

In this case, a system is described with an activation mechanism that places the braking element between guide and block, and an independent deactivation mechanism with an articulated arm for resetting that acts on the first activation mechanism. This articulated mechanism also rearms in its extended position.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The object of the invention consists of a braking device for lifting devices, which comprises, among other elements, an articulated actuator mechanism, electromechanically actuated and configured to produce emergency braking, by wedging against the displacement guides, when an element determination detects an abnormal displacement of the elevator car.

Within the usual wedging sequence, the device is specially designed to work with systems that include a sensor for absolute positioning of the car in the shaft. Electromechanical wedging causes braking based on a signal received from said sensor. There are multiple ways to cause a wedging braking, but this device proposes to do it in a very specific way

The device described here comprises an electromagnet, the actuation of which causes the movement of an articulated actuator mechanism. The articulated actuator mechanism comprises a first sector, linked to the linear electromagnet, and a second sector, linked to an interlocking roller, and in which a friction element is located that can contact perpendicularly with the guide, to obtain a safe position of the cabin on said guide, without causing wedging of the roller.

In the event that the car, once in a safe position, moves with respect to the guide, the contact of the friction element on the guide generates a friction force, essentially vertical, on the second sector of the articulated mechanism, which drags to the roller to which it is linked until it engages or engages with the guide, thus producing the conventional wedging that immobilizes the car on the guide.

The essentially vertical movement of the electromagnet, parallel to the guide, is transmitted to the friction element through the intermediary of the articulated mechanism, which transforms it into a horizontal movement of the second sector of said articulated mechanism.

The particularity of the device resides fundamentally in the fact that the actuating mechanism has the advantage of being reversible and does not require the wedging to immobilize the car in order to be reassembled. This design of the actuator allows a rest position, with the friction element in contact with the guide, the actuator being in the active position without causing a total wedging, allowing the system to return to the initial position.

The fact that it can be resettable without wedging is very interesting, because it allows the electromagnet to only be powered when the elevator has to move. This significantly reduces the necessary energy consumption, obtaining a better energy rating for the device and producing a lower environmental impact.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of a practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description. where, with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the following has been represented:

Figure 1.- Shows a front perspective view of the braking device, in which its main constituent elements can be seen.

Figure 2.- Shows a front view of the device in rest position.

Figure 3.- Shows a view of a first stage of the actuation sequence of the device, in which it is in an inactive position and the lifting device is operating normally.

Figure 4.- Shows a view of a second stage of the actuation sequence of the device, at the moment in which there is a power cut of the lifting device.

Figure 5.- Shows a view of a third stage of the actuation sequence of the device, in which the braking element moves along the central rail.

Figure 6.- Shows a view of a fourth stage of the actuation sequence of the device, in which the braking element engages with the guide for immobilization of the cabin.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

A detailed explanation of a preferred embodiment of the object of the present invention is provided below, with the aid of the aforementioned figures.

The lifting device braking device described is designed to perform emergency braking in a cabin that moves longitudinally along essentially vertical guides (1), retaining it on said guides (1) to capture it and avoid uncontrolled movements thereof, or even falls due to the action of gravity.

For this, this braking device, shown schematically in figure 1, is basically made up of:

- a wedging block (2), integrally coupled to a cab chassis,

- an activation electromagnet (3), and

- an articulated actuator mechanism (4).

The wedging block (2) in turn comprises a central rail (5), intended to house the guide (1), a lateral capture element (6), movable perpendicular to the central rail (5), and a braking element (7) lateral, movable perpendicular to the central rail (5) in the opposite direction to that of the capture element (6) and attachable to the guide (1) for braking and immobilization of the cabin.

In the preferred embodiment described here, the capture element (6) consists of a shoe, and incorporates elastic elements (8) for progressive braking, while the braking element (7) consists of a roller provided with a friction surface. central toothed and movable along a guide rail (9), of curved geometry and located in the wedging block (2).

Said guide rail (9), shown in the attached figures, presents, consecutively, a central sector (10) away from the central rail (5) where the guide (1) is housed, an upper sector (11), with a geometry progressive approach curve towards the central rail (5), and an upper housing (12).

The activation electromagnet (3) is in this preferred embodiment of the linear type and vertically movable in a direction essentially parallel to that of the guides (1), as seen in the actuation sequence shown in Figures 3 to 6. This electromagnet (3) is located normally powered, while the lifting device moves longitudinally along the guides (1), in the arrangement shown in figure 3.

The electromagnet (3) used in this preferred embodiment is simple-acting, so that the stroke movement from the initial to the final position is carried out by the action of electromagnetic forces, and the return to the initial resting position is due to forces exteriors.

For its part, the articulated actuator mechanism (4) is interposed between the electromagnet (3) and the braking element (7), for transmission and transformation of the vertical displacement of the electromagnet (3) into a displacement perpendicular to the central rail (5) and, therefore, to the guide (1). For this, this actuating mechanism (4) comprises, in the preferred embodiment described here, a first arm (13), integrally linked to the electromagnet (3), a second arm (14), pivotally linked to the first arm (13) through a first joint (15), and a third arm (16), pivotally linked by a first end (17) to the second arm (14) through a second joint (18), and linked in turn to the braking element (7), which it displaces.

The third arm (16) also has a second end (19), which comprises an integral friction element (20), intended to contact the guide (1), as illustrated in Figures 4 to 6 of the sequence of action.

In this preferred embodiment, the arms (13, 14, 16) are corresponding plates, and in the specific case of the third arm (16) it is an oblong plate that has a longitudinal groove (21) through which an axis of the toothed roller that forms the braking element (7). In figure 2 it can also be seen that the device incorporates an elastic element (22), in this case a spring, to keep the braking element (7) away from the guide (1) in the rest position.

It is contemplated that the friction element (20) consists of a machining carried out at the second end (19) of the third arm (16) itself. Likewise, the option is provided for said friction element (20) to incorporate magnetic means, such as magnets, to ensure correct coupling with the guides (1).

As can be seen in the attached figures, the first arm (13) maintains an essentially vertical arrangement, parallel to the guides (1), while the third arm (16) has, at rest, an essentially horizontal arrangement, perpendicular to the guide (1), which varies towards a oblique arrangement when pivoted through second link (18) to activate braking. The second arm (14), both at rest and in the active position, always maintains an oblique arrangement with respect to the other two arms that make up the actuating mechanism (4).

In figure 3 the device is observed in its inactive position and the lifting device is operating normally and the electromagnet (3) is powered. The actuating mechanism (4) keeps the braking element (7) and the friction element (20) away from the guide (1).

Figure 4 illustrates a position in which the lifting device is in a rest position, without use and in an energy saving mode that causes the electromagnet (3) to stop being powered. This cut in the supply of the electromagnet (3) activates the actuator mechanism (4), which makes the friction element (20) move and come into contact with the guide (1), without causing any movement in the element. (7), so that the braking device keeps the car of the lifting device secured against the guide (1), but without the wedging block (2) having come into operation.

It is necessary to indicate at this point that in the event that a car stop wedging has occurred, to release the wedging block (2), that is, to separate the braking element (7) with respect to the guide ( 1) and the capture element (6) to allow the car to move again, the temporary inactivation of the lifting device and the intervention of a specialized technical team is necessary.

On the contrary, the simple retention of the cabin in a safe position with respect to the guide (1), by means of the coupling on it of the friction element (20), is automatically reversible when a feedback of the electromagnet (3) occurs when the device Elevator goes back into operation, without the need for external intervention.

Figures 5 and 6 show the operation of the device in the event that an emergency braking of the car is carried out. In this case, once the friction element (20) is in contact with the guide (1), if an unwanted displacement of this cabin occurs, a friction force is produced between the friction element (20) and the guide ( 1) that causes the displacement of the third arm (16) to which it is jointly linked.

In turn, the movement of the third arm (16) drags the braking element (7), which moves along the guide rail (9), in a direction essentially parallel to the guide (1), until contact with said guide (1) due to the geometry of the upper sector (11), at which time a wedging occurs with the capture element (6), thus immobilizing the cabin against the guide (1).

The braking procedure of a lifting device equipped with the device described above begins with an interruption in the supply of the electromagnet (3), either due to a sudden cut in the power supply or due to the lifting device entering position. of rest or stand-by, in order to reduce energy consumption.

After said interruption, the braking procedure would comprise the following sequence of action steps:

- activation of the actuating mechanism (4) by the electromagnet (3),

- Displacement and approach of the friction element (20) until contacting the guide (1) for safe positioning of the car on said guide (1), without activation of the wedging block (2).

Once in the secured position of the car on the guide (1), in case of restoration of the power supply of the electromagnet (3), for example, when the elevator is no longer in the rest position to start operating, this electromagnet ( 3) will act on the actuator mechanism (4) which will move the friction element (20) away from the guide (1), again allowing the car to move.

On the contrary, if in the secured position of the car on the guide (1), and with the electromagnet (3) not powered, a displacement of the guide (1) with respect to the car is detected, the sequence that will lead to to conventional wedging, which comprises the following stages:

- friction of the friction element (20) on the guide (1),

- dragging of the braking element (7), and approach until contacting on the guide (1), - separation of the friction element (20) with respect to the guide (1), and

- wedging by coupling the braking element (1) with the guide (1) and the capture element (6), to immobilize the car against the guide (1).

Claims (12)

1. Braking device for lifting devices, for emergency braking of a cabin movable longitudinally by vertical guides (1), comprising: - a wedging block (2) attached to a chassis of the cabin, comprising in turn: - a central rail (5) to house the guide (1), - a catch element (6), movable perpendicular to the central rail (5), and - a braking element (7) movable with respect to the central rail (5), and coupleable to the guide (1) and to the capture element (6) to immobilize the car, - an activation electromagnet (3), and - an articulated actuator mechanism (4) comprising a first sector linked to the electromagnet (3) and a second sector linked to the braking element (7), the device being characterized in that the actuating mechanism (4) comprises a friction element (20), located in the second sector and engagable with the guide (1) for fixing a safe position of the cabin on the guide (1), such that when the actuating mechanism (4) couples the friction element (20) with the guide (1), and a relative displacement of the guide (1) with respect to the cabin occurs, said actuating mechanism (4) displaces the element brake (7) in the same direction until it engages with the guide (1). 2. Braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator mechanism (4) comprises: - a first arm (13), integrally linked to the electromagnet (3), - a second arm (14), pivotally linked to the first arm (13) through a first joint (15), and - a third arm (16), pivotally linked by a first end (17) to the second arm (14) through a second joint (18), and linked to the braking element (7), which it displaces, wherein the friction element (20) is integrally linked to a second end (19) of the third arm (16). 3. Braking device according to claim 2, characterized in that the friction element (20) is a machining located at the second end (19) of the third arm (16). 4. Braking device according to any of the preceding claims characterized in that the friction element (20) incorporates magnetic means. Braking device according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally comprises an elastic retention element (22) linked to the braking element (7). 6. Braking device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the braking element (7) is a toothed roller. 7. Braking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the third arm (16) is an oblong plate that has a longitudinal groove (21) along which the axis of the toothed roller moves. 8. Braking device according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the capture element (6) is a shoe. Braking device according to claim 6, characterized in that the wedging block (2) comprises a guide rail (9) of curved geometry for displacement of an axis of the toothed roller. Braking device according to claim 9, characterized in that the guide rail (9) comprises a central sector (10) remote from the central rail (5) for housing the guide (1), an upper sector (11 ), with a curved geometry of progressive approach towards the central rail (5), and an upper housing (12). 11. Procedure for braking lifting devices, which makes use of the braking device described in any of claims 1-10, characterized in that it comprises the following sequence of action: - interruption in the supply of the electromagnet (3), - activation of the actuator mechanism (4) by the electromagnet (3), and - movement and approach of the friction element (20), by the actuator mechanism (4) until contacting the guide (1), for safe positioning of the car on said guide (1), without activation of the wedging block (2 ). Elevator apparatus characterized in that it comprises a braking device according to any of claims 1-10.