ES2755028T3 - System that allows the movement and movement of sliding doors - Google Patents

Abstract

Sliding door drive and translation system, in which for each door leaf the system comprises a movable frame (1) that is fixed to a leaf support (10), which can be fixed to the door leaf, where said mobile frame (1) can move a certain ejection distance in a direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the door leaf, in collaboration with an ejection guide (2), and where said mobile frame (1) can move in a combined way in direction parallel to the door leaf in collaboration with an opening guide (3), defining two extreme positions for closing and opening the door leaf, said mobile frame (1) being actuated by a drive assembly (11, 12), where said movable frame (1) is attached to a support element (19) that is attached to a rolling assembly (20) that is maintained in any position in contact with an inverted T-profile (9) whose configuration defines the path of the a leaf between any of the closing and opening positions, the system comprising a guide element (17) that comprises a casing (18) that is related to the support element (19) so that in any position said guide element (17) ) and said support element (19) are kept in contact with the possibility of relative displacement relative to each other in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet, where said housing (18) of the guide element (17) receives its movement from the drive assembly (11, 12 ).

Description

DESCRIPTION

System that allows the movement and movement of sliding doors

Technical field of the invention

The present invention relates to a system that allows the sliding doors to move and move, which has application, particularly in the field of automatic sliding doors, which can be used, for example, in accesses to buildings as well as in public transport vehicles, preferably in the railway sector and in urban and interurban buses, allowing the release and movement of movement of said doors to be sequentially and automatically actuated, including said movement of movement, blocking, opening and closing operations. and door release, without the possibility of altering the sequence of actions, all in a simplified way compared to current systems, with the consequent reduction in costs that this entails.

Background of the Invention

Currently it is common to use automatically operated sliding doors in public transport vehicles, such as, for example, in the railway sector and any other type of vehicle or even any type of static access system in buildings, particularly public use. Sliding doors are particularly suitable for use in railway passenger vehicles, buses and any other vehicle or fixed installation that comprises an access and particularly in those vehicles that have a high frequency of short stops, for reasons of space economy. and stopping time for the transfer of passengers, given that this type of door occupies a minimum space in the open position, remaining in an arrangement parallel to the side walls of the vehicle that allows to avoid obstructions from the accesses to said vehicles, such like cars or trains. Likewise, the sliding doors allow to minimize the vehicle downtime, since its performance is executed quickly.

Usually, this type of door consists of two leaves that move parallel and external to the vehicle body or to the wall of a building or fixed installation, said leaves being fitted to the door frame when they are in the closed position, completely flush with the vehicle body or with the building wall.

For its operation, each leaf is linked to a mobile frame, one per door, which moves on guides and each mobile frame is actuated by a guide element that is sufficiently robust and conveniently actuated in such a way that it allows its release and adequate longitudinal movement. The guide element, by which said movable frame is directed and is secured by means of a mooring to a drive that can be a belt or a spindle, which in turn is actuated by an electric motor of any type or, where appropriate, a pneumatic drive. In these mechanisms, the belt that can be installed horizontally or vertically in the mechanism always in the longitudinal direction, or in its case the spindle has fixed the outer portions of the guide element of suitable length, called casing, additionally and for structural reasons, it also fixes to a longitudinal guide that defines in collaboration with a plurality of connecting rods, the release and opening path of the door leaf. EP 1197413 A2 discloses a system according to the preamble of claim 1.

The drawback of these release and guiding systems in other solutions is their high technical complexity in achieving the release, guiding and locking movements of doors, since they require the use of rods to direct said initial and final movements of the doors. sheets during the guided release and lock sequences relative to the door frame.

On the other hand, in the case of railway vehicles, subways and buses and in general any vehicle that has sliding doors, the doors are mainly subjected to two types of requests. On the one hand, they are subject to vertical actions, the main component of which is due to the door's own weight, and on the other hand, they are subject to horizontal actions, as a result of the support of the passengers and to a greater extent due to the aerodynamic load that occurs during the movement of the vehicle, these actions are increased in the case of trains in situations of vehicle crossing or tunneling at medium and high speeds. Said downforce is even more relevant in the high-speed environment, in which case it requires careful consideration. Currently, in order for the doors to resist said stresses, the systems comprise locking means to keep the door closed once the closing movement of the door is finished, however, said locking means require in many cases an oversizing in the elements that comprise the door and particularly the mechanism that moves it, which has the consequence of increasing the cost and increasing its weight, inefficiently, or the provision of additional locking systems that complicate the design of the system door, in addition to making it more expensive.

Description of the Invention

The present invention refers to a system that allows the actuation and movement of sliding doors, which allows the door to be released, moved, closed and locked by means of a much simpler system than those of current systems. , being equally effective.

The system of the invention is defined in claim 1, and allows its implementation in any type of sliding door, among which are the automatically operated doors of railway vehicles, buses or any other vehicle, the application of the invention to fixed installations, all by means of a much simpler system than current systems and therefore cheaper and easier both to install and to maintain, being equally as effective as those existing today, in addition to that, By requiring fewer components, your chances of failure are significantly reduced.

According to the invention, for its operation, each leaf is linked to a movable frame, one per door, which moves on guides. Each movable frame is powered by a guide element suitably acted in such a way that it allows its release and longitudinal movement. The guide element, by which said movable frame is directed and is secured by means of a mooring to a drive that can be a belt or a spindle, which in turn is actuated by an electric motor of any type or, where appropriate, a pneumatic drive. The belt that can be installed horizontally or vertically in the mechanism always in the longitudinal direction, or in its case the spindle has fixed the outer portions of the guide element, called the casing. The housing of the guide element allows free movement through its internal portion of a support element that plays internally in the guide element and that is fixed at one of its ends to a door leaf. Likewise, said support element is fixed at another end to wheels with a vertical axis that roll on an inverted T section in such a way that they fix at all times the position of the doors according to the transverse axis of the mechanism for directing the longitudinal movement of the doors is adequate.

The system comprises at least one movable frame that is fixed to a leaf support, where said movable frame can move a certain release distance in a direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the door leaf, which is understood as a transverse direction, in collaboration with the release guides, and in a direction parallel to the door leaf, that is to say in the longitudinal direction, thus defining two extreme closing and opening positions, said mobile frame being actuated by a drive assembly with a pulley and belt or spindle comprising a drive element that transmits movement to said pulley or to said spindle.

According to the invention, said movable frame is attached to the door leaf by means of an opening guide, which allows the longitudinal movement of the door leaf, in such a way that said movable frame moves outwards and inwards in solidarity with the door leaves and supporting their weight by means of two release guides located in the transverse direction. The position of the door leaves is fixed throughout its travel by the position of the support element with respect to an inverted T-shaped guide.

Likewise, it is contemplated that the system comprises blocking means of the support element that consist of at least one hook element that prevents movement towards the outside when the door is in the closed position. In accordance with this possibility, it is contemplated that the transmission of movement between the belt or spindle and the housing is carried out by means of a part with an elongated hole that allows the movement movement of the sheet to differ from the movement of the belt or spindle, allowing the adequate release of the lock and the start of the release of the door leaves, taking advantage of the fact that during this distance, which according to a preferred embodiment, said free path in the part with an elongated hole may be approximately 10 mm, there is no action on the movement of the door leaves only on the lock release mechanism only.

In relation to locking systems, the invention contemplates two alternative solutions. The first solution involves automatically locking the door leaves by means of a system located in the lower portion of the mechanism. Said system comprises two parts suitably that each embrace bolts secured to each of the door leaves in their closing movement. Once the closure has taken place, these parts are in turn automatically locked by means of wedges integral with each other and actuated by a mechanism and a slide that is held in position by means of a spring. By means of a cam suitably located on the belt or on the spindle and making use of the free path of the elongated hole that delays the opening movement, the release of said wedges is actuated and then, when the movement begins to be transmitted to the Door leaves, once the end of the elongated hole mentioned above has been reached, the door leaves are released. Once this release occurs, the wedges are assembled by means of the spring to re-lock the system in the next cycle.

The second solution comprises two suitably shaped supports that allow the accommodation of each of the friction pawls secured to each of the door leaves. When the door reaches its closed position, a friction pawl slides over the end of said support, remaining wedged in it. By means of a cam suitably located on the belt or on the spindle and also making use of the free path of the elongated hole that delays the opening movement, the release of said friction pawls is actuated and The door leaves are then released. Once this release occurs, the friction pawls are assembled by means of the spring to relock the system in the next cycle.

It is contemplated that the motor shaft of the drive element has a vertical or horizontal arrangement as appropriate, the standard arrangement being parallel to the transverse direction.

Likewise, it is contemplated that the system comprises two leaves whose closing and opening action is symmetrical with respect to a vertical central axis, or a single leaf, which is particularly useful in front doors of buses.

A second aspect of the invention relates to a vehicle, which may be rail or public road transport, comprising a system such as that described above. Likewise, said second aspect of the invention refers to a building comprising a system such as the one described installed in an access.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, according to a preferred example of practical embodiment thereof, a set of drawings is included as an integral part of said description. where by way of illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented:

Figure 1 shows a schematic isometric perspective view of a first embodiment of the system of the invention, operated by a belt drive assembly.

Figure 2 shows a schematic isometric perspective view of a second embodiment of the system of the invention, operated by a spindle drive assembly.

Figure 3 shows a plan view from below of the system shown in Figures 1 and 2, where you can see the two mobile carriages, the release guides arranged transversely, which allow the door leaves to be released and support them, and the longitudinally arranged opening guide, which allows the movement of the door leaves.

Figure 4 shows a rear perspective view from below of the system, in which the system used to ensure parallelism in the release of the door leaves can be seen, by means of two pinions and an idle axis that joins them, which are fixed to the mobile frame which, by means of two racks, fixed to the fixed frame, which meshes with the said pinions, make it possible to ensure said parallelism.

Figure 5 shows a front perspective view from above of the elements comprising the fixed support frame of the system, where the U-shaped section that ensures the transfer of the transfer force of the locking mechanism to the vehicle frame can be seen. , or in its case to a fixed structure. Figure 6 shows a perspective view like the one in Figure 1, in which the representation of the upper section has been omitted, for a better appreciation of the elements arranged within the system, including the support and housing assemblies, the elements guide, the guided elements and the drive assembly with pulley and belt. Figure 7 shows a perspective view like the one in Figure 2, in which the representation of the upper section has been omitted, for a better appreciation of the elements of internal arrangement of the system, including the support and housing assemblies, the guide elements, the guide elements and the drive assembly with a spindle.

Figure 8 shows a perspective view of a detail of the support element, the guide element and housing, the system being in the closed and locked position. Figure 9 shows two views, in elevation and perspective, of detail of the part with an elongated hole, which allows the translation movement to be deferred with respect to the blockage in a drive assembly with pulley and belt, in which a linked cam can be seen to the belt, in such a way that during the movement of the belt, the cam acts as a rocker that allows the system to be unlocked.

Figure 10 shows two views, in interior and exterior perspective, of the part with an elongated hole that allows the translational movement to be deferred with respect to the blockage in a drive assembly with a spindle, in which a cam attached to the spindle can be seen. , in such a way that during the movement of the spindle the cam acts the rocker which allows the system to be unlocked.

Figure 11 shows a schematic plan view of a first embodiment of the locking means in the locked position, that is, in the closed and locked position, where said locking means are located in the lower portion of the system of the invention.

Figure 12 shows a plan view of the first embodiment shown in Figure 11, in which the locking and unlocking positions have been schematically represented with a different line, in said figure the unlocking position is shown in dashed lines or release, while in continuous line the locking means are shown in the locked position.

Figure 13 shows a schematic plan view of a second embodiment of the locking means in the locked position, where said locking means are also located in the lower portion.

Figure 14 shows a plan view of the second embodiment shown in Figure 13, in which the locked and unlocked positions have been schematically represented with different lines, where the broken lines represent the unlocked or released position, while in solid stroke the locked position has been plotted.

Figure 15 shows a front perspective view from above of a variant embodiment of the system of the invention, comprising a single door leaf.

Figure 16 shows a plan view of a variant embodiment of the system of the invention, where two motors have been used to achieve independent opening of the door leaves.

Figure 17 shows a top plan view showing three positions of the opening movement of the system.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the drawings described, it can be seen how in one of the possible embodiments of the invention the sliding door movement and actuation system proposed by the invention is found in a vehicle comprising a door closing sensor and a door lock sensor configured to prevent a vehicle from starting in the event that said sensors detect that the door is not closed and locked.

As can be seen in Figures 1 and 2, the present invention relates to a sliding door translation movement and actuation system comprising two movable frames (1), one for each door leaf, suspended from a section ( 5) bottom made of extruded aluminum, leaving enough central hole

The movable frames (1) are U-shaped and consist of three sections, one of them a longitudinal section to which an opening guide (3) is secured, allowing the longitudinal movement of the door leaf. Said opening guide (3) in turn is attached to the door leaf by means of a connection part (10) or leaf support. Each movable frame (1) is completed with two other sections in the transverse direction, to complete the U-shape, each of which is attached to a release guide (2) which is also attached in turn to a section (4 ) of support for the movable frame (1) and allow adequate movement inwards and outwards, according to a preferred embodiment of the order of 60-100 mm.

The lower section (5) to which the movable frames (1) supporting the doors are attached, is joined to an upper section (7) by means of a plurality of lateral sections (6), preferably two and mounted on the side, which allow to form a fixed frame of the system, as can be seen, among others, in figure 5, and at the same time leaves the necessary gap inside to house and support the release means, the transmission means and the drive assembly (12) with pulley and belt or spindle (11) as appropriate, as shown respectively in Figures 6 and 7, although it may also be another type of motion-producing drive element, such as a cylinder tire, linear motor etc.

The locking system that automatically operates when the doors are closed and reaches their "closed doors" and locking position, aligned with the lateral surface of the vehicle or wall, of whatever type, is released when the opening of the doors begins. doors as follows: as can be seen in figures 9 and 10, the belt (12) or the spindle (11) respectively, in the appropriate place, have a support that transmits movement to the door leaf where A part with an elongated hole (15, 16), depending on the case of the belt or spindle, is located at a distance of the order of 10 mm, so that this clearance is used to release the blockage, by means of a belt-element connection ( 13) guide or spindle-element (14) guide, as appropriate.

The release of the lock, in this case, the locks, one for each door leaf, are actuated by the parts indicated above, and once the doors are released, the door leaves release and move along the side of the door. vehicle.

This situation is detected and monitored by the electronic box that receives the information from the closing and blocking indication relays installed in the equipment, as well as the relative position of the doors.

The doors are configured to sequentially operate a movement that allows unlocking in the closed position, so that later a transverse movement is combined for its release and a longitudinal movement for its opening, and the possibility of installing them in railway vehicles is considered, as well as in any other public transport vehicle, buses, trams, as well as fixed installations, for example, at building entrances or platform doors.

Actuation means the means necessary to release the door, specifically a door leaf, when it is locked in the closed position, to subsequently cause the translation movement of said door, parallel to the plane of the door itself in order to reach an open position in which the door frame is open and fully accessible. Likewise, the actuation means are configured to cause the translation movement of said door from the open position to the closed position, in which the door is locked, again remaining in a situation prior to its release.

Actually, the door release movement is the beginning of its opening, for which the possibility is considered that the door will be released according to different trajectories or movements of the door exit, depending on the application and / or system requirements. door to reach the closed position, the standard system only considers that the maximum release is reached at fifty percent of its longitudinal travel, on the other hand, compatible with not causing interference with the vehicle body.

It should be noted that if door release was not required, the inverted T-shaped section (9) would be straight and the locking system would work similarly, but easier, in the case of linear opening doors without release.

The possibility is contemplated that the drive assembly (11, 12) comprises a drive element, that is, a power source that can be of any type, such as for example, an electric motor or control, an actuated pneumatic cylinder by compressed air supplied by the vehicle or the fixed installation or any other type of means of generator or energy producer, including a manual actuation, making the system of the invention extremely versatile, allowing its operation with different power sources .

The locking means are rigidly attached to a U-shaped reinforcing section (8) preferably made of high-strength steel, which is rigidly attached to the vehicle body, thus transmitting the stresses that occur as a result of the Aerodynamic loads and passenger actions to the same body without affecting the structure of the mechanism.

Since these doors are not transmitting to the structure of the mechanism the horizontal loads, due, for example, to the pressure variations produced between the interior and exterior of the vehicle in a train crossing, but they only support the vertical load of the door, the locking means and the turning bars being the elements that support said load or horizontal thrust and transmit it to the structure of the vehicle or fixed element, allowing optimal use of the mechanism's design, while simultaneously increases safety and minimizes the risk of failure.

In the systems currently used, all the components of the loads to which the door was subjected, for example, during the movement of trains and buses, were transmitted to the opening / closing mechanism, with the consequent risk of failure that this entails. , particularly, in the face of peak loads, especially in the face of horizontal thrusts that occur at the moment when two trains cross.

The loads produced by these actions are transmitted, as the lock is supported by the C-shaped section of high-strength steel, directly to the vehicle structure or fixed element, which does not affect the design of the mechanism, as well as the turn bars, attached to the vehicle structure by means of suitable supports that allow its turn

In this way, the blocking means can resist very high loads, due to horizontal actions during a train crossing, which may have values ranging from 4000 Pa to 9000 Pa.

Therefore, regarding the distribution of loads, the locking system or means are independent, supporting horizontal loads, although it shares its performance with the translational means, that is, with the system that produces the closing movements and opening, which supports vertical loads, making it possible to optimize the locking procedure and better resist horizontal forces.

As can be seen in figure 10, in relation to the first locking system, the shape and orientation of the cam groove (28) can be horizontal or vertical, in any case fulfilling its functionality of housing and retaining the retaining bolt, which is determined by the characteristics of the design of the other components external to the door, for example, according to the situation of the cleaning mechanisms of a railway vehicle.

In view of Figure 11, the operation of the locking means can be understood, the system being shown in the closed and locked position in said figure. The hook element (23) surrounds a lug that is fixed to the door leaf, in such a way that it maintains said door leaf in a closed position and secured to the vehicle structure, or fixed structure of the building in which it is installed. the door.

In turn, the wedge element (24) keeps the hook element (23) in the closed position. Both hook (23) and wedge (24) elements can rotate on the axes indicated in figure 11. When the stem or slider (30) slides upwards by means of the system described above, controlled by the belt (12) or by the spindle (11) making use of the corresponding elongated hole (15, 16), the tie rods or connecting rods (29) pull the wedge elements (24) making them rotate on their axis and releasing the hook element (23), It can also rotate on the axis it has, so that when the belt (12) or the spindle (11) is pulled, the door leaf can freely come out of its closed position, since the blocking.

The slide (30), by the action of a spring or an equivalent system, keeps the system in the "ready to lock" position, which, when the door leaf returns to its closed position, locks it, completing the cycle. These locking means are called friction ratchet locking.

Figure 12 shows, in dashed lines, the position of the unlocked or released system, with respect to the representation of the locked system, which is indicated with a solid line. The element (24) wedge, when actuated by the stem (29), rotates and in turn leaves the hook element (23) free to rotate, which when rotated allows the lug attached to the door leaf to come out of its housing, producing the free opening of the door leaf.

In this same sense, figures 13 and 14 show a variant embodiment of the locking means, where two friction pawls (25) can be seen, each of which is fixed to the door leaf by means of the leaf support (10), so that said door leaf is fixed in its closed and locked position by the action of the friction pawl support (26), where said friction pawl (25) can be constituted as a simple friction ratchet, similar or equal to that used by any conventional and universally used lock, where the lock is kept in its locked position by the action of a spring or an equivalent system, which on the other hand, is a sufficiently reliable and highly tested and used.

In said embodiment represented in Figures 13 and 14, when the central or sliding rod acts on the braces or rods when pushed by the cam (28) controlled by the belt (12) or spindle (11), making use of the hole (15 , 16) previously described elongated, the friction pawl support (26), retracts releasing the friction pawl (25), which is rigidly attached to the door leaf (10), allowing it to slide freely when operated by the belt (12) or spindle (11), remaining, then ready to re-lock it by being, as indicated, the friction pawl (25) mounted by a spring or equivalent system that pushes it again to its locked position, thus being prepared to repeat the cycle.

In figure 14, the system is shown with a broken line in the unlocked or released position, as the stem is actuated by the friction ratchet support (26) by means of the tie rods, leaving the friction ratchet (25) free and therefore leaving the door leaf itself (10) free, position in which the spring or equivalent system would be in a load situation, that is to say compressed, ready to perform the automatic locking, when the next closing of the leaves occurs ( 10) door.

It is noted that the system already employs the possibility that the locking systems comprise at least one automatic locking mechanism, of the type of automatic locking / locking mechanisms that acts on the friction pawl of the locking mechanism of a conventional door. .

Said automatic locking mechanism comprises elastic means, such as springs, which are configured to act permanently on the locking lug, in such a way that it permanently acts on the retention part, that is to say that said locking lug and therefore , the locking means are permanently charged to lock the door.

The emergency release of the locking system is carried out without problems acting in parallel with the normal system, by means of cable or links operated by standard handles located inside the vehicle and accessible to passengers in accordance with the regulations in force in any administration. The same is true for fixed installations.

This system is compatible with the use of means sufficiently proven by the practice of friction ratcheting of conventional locks that can, of course, be used if the design advises all without any additional problem.

Usually the exit or release distance is usually between 60-100 mm, although the mechanism can reach higher values.

As can be seen in Figures 6, 7, 10 and 17, the housing (18), inside which the element that transmits the necessary force to the door leaves slides to produce their release and subsequent displacement, is inclined an angle at which it is preferably in a range of 3 ° -5 ° with respect to the transversal movement of the train to facilitate the movement of the internal part and reduce the risk of blockage. Inside or outside the aforementioned elements and located appropriately, a damping element consisting of a spring or springs that may be asymmetric or a rubber element of suitable characteristics may be located, and a combination thereof may be considered if appropriate. and that have the function of damping the closing blow and also helping to open the door leaves, being particularly useful in emergencies.

In the embodiment for buses, both double doors and single doors are contemplated, with the aforementioned characteristics, not protruding from the bodywork when opening more than 35-40 mm approximately.

The system detects the presence of a passenger or obstacle that prevents movement of the leaves or door leaf, which causes the electronic box to stop the movement.

In view of this description and set of drawings, the person skilled in the art will understand that the described embodiments of the invention can be combined in various ways within the object of the invention as defined in the appended claims. The invention has been described in accordance with various preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be apparent to the person skilled in the art that multiple variations can be introduced into said preferred embodiments without exceeding the object of the claimed invention.

Claims (11)

1. System that allows the movement of translational release and locking action of sliding doors, in which, for each door leaf, the system comprises a movable frame (1) that is U-shaped and that is formed by three sections, one of them a longitudinal section to which an opening guide (3) is secured allowing the longitudinal movement of the door leaf, the opening guide (3) being in turn attached to a door leaf by means of of a sheet support (10), in which said mobile frame (1) is completed with two other sections in a transverse direction to complete the U-shape, each of which is fixed to a release guide (2) , in which said movable frame (1) can move a given release distance in a direction perpendicular to the plane formed by the door leaf, allowing adequate movement in and out in collaboration with said release guide (2) which turn also e It is fixed to a support section (4) of the movable frame (1), and in which said movable frame (1) can move in a combined way in a direction parallel to the door leaf, in collaboration with the guide (3) opening, defining two positions for closing the door leaf and opening the leaf, said mobile frame (1) being actuated by a drive assembly (11, 12), characterized in that said leaf support is fixed to a support element (19) formed as a telescopic element with the possibility of moving internally in relation to a housing (18) of a system guide element (17), the element (19) being ) of support fixed to a rolling assembly (20) that, in any position, is kept in contact with a guide rail that has an inverted T section (9), whose configuration defines the path of the sheet between any of the positions of closing and opening, in such a way that, in any position, said guide element (17) and said support element (19) are kept in contact with the possibility of moving each other in a direction substantially perpendicular to the sheet, where said casing (18) of the guide element (17) receives its movement from the drive assembly (11, 12). 2. System according to claim 1, comprising locking means comprising at least one hook element (23) acting with respect to a wedge element (24) when the door leaf is in the closed position. System according to claim 2, wherein the transmission of movement between the drive assembly (11, 12) and the guide element (17) is carried out by means of a part with an elongated hole (15, 16) allowing the translational movement of the door leaf to be deferred to deactivate the locking means before beginning the movement of the door leaf from the closed position to an open position. System according to any of the preceding claims, in which the drive assembly (11, 12) comprises a drive element having a vertical arrangement, substantially parallel to the plane of the sheet. System according to claim 3, comprising locking means comprising a cam (28) that can accommodate and retain a retaining bolt, comprising a hook element (23) that can surround a lug that is attached to the door leaf (10), in such a way as to keep said door leaf (10) in a closed position and secured to a vehicle structure or fixed structure comprising a wedge element (24) that can maintain the element (23 ) hook in the closed position, such that when a slide (30) slides upwards by means of the actuation of the cam (28), controlled by the belt (12) or by the spindle (11) making Using the corresponding elongated hole (15, 16), the connecting rods (29) pull the wedge elements (24) causing them to rotate around their axis and releasing the hook element (23), which, likewise, can also rotate around an axis, then, pulling on the strap (12) or of the spindle (11), the door leaf can freely come out of its closed position. System according to any one of claims 1 to 4, comprising locking means comprising two friction pawls (25), each of which is fixed to the door leaf (10), in such a way that said door leaf is fixed in its closed and locked position by the action of a friction ratchet support (26), such that when a slide acts on the connecting rods when it is pushed by the cam (28) controlled by the The belt (12) or the spindle (11), making use of the elongated hole (15, 16), the friction pawl bracket (26) moves backwards releasing the friction pawl (25), which is rigidly fixed to the door leaf (10), allowing said door to slide freely when it is actuated by the belt (12) or the spindle (11), being subsequently ready to lock it again since each friction pawl (25) is assembled by a system which pushes it back to its locked position eo. 7. System according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising two movable frames (1), whose closing and opening action is symmetrical with respect to a vertical central axis. 8. System according to any of claims 1 to 6, comprising a movable frame (1). 9. Rail vehicle comprising a system according to any of the preceding claims. 10. Public road transport vehicle comprising a system according to any of claims 1 to 8. 11. Building comprising a system according to any of claims 1 to 8 installed in an access.