ES2725124A1 - Multifunction board for teaching intraoral surgical techniques (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Multifunction board for teaching intraoral surgical techniques, with two flat elements perpendicular to each other, one vertical (2) and one horizontal (3), where clamping assemblies (4, 5, 6) are located to hold different types of specimens and models anatomical, as well as the insertion of specific attachments according to the simulation to be carried out, of biological or synthetic origin, said fastening assemblies (4, 5, 6) provided with movement and shape to emulate the movement and orientation thereof with the traction of said specimens in surgical practice. On the horizontal element (3) fits a lid (10) and a metal frame with a plastic cover (11) that reproduces the access and space of the oral cavity, with a transparent section (12) lateral and posterior and another slightly translucent (13) anterior, and a gap (29) that simulates the mouth in maximum opening. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

D E S C R I P C I Ó N

MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING SURGICAL TECHNIQUES

INTRAORAL

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as expressed in the present specification, refers to a multifunctional board for teaching intraoral surgical techniques that contributes, to the function to which it is intended, advantages and novelty characteristics, which are described in detail below. , which represent an improvement of the current state of the art.

More specifically, the object of the invention focuses on an instrument structurally designed to be able to test surgical techniques in a safe environment and reproducing the conditions existing in the oral cavity, which allows to acquire a minimum level of skill in the technique in question, before to perform it in a clinical setting on real patients, being conceived and carried out in order to obtain numerous and notable advantages over other existing instruments of similar purposes.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The field of application of the present invention falls within the technical sector of sanitary instruments, more specifically in the field of surgical simulators, also covering the scope of models for scientific or medical use, as a full-scale device for the demonstration, and may include anatomical models.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

As is known, oropharyngeal cavity surgery has the function of preventing or correcting anatomical, evolutionary, traumatic and pathological defects of the oropharyngeal structures.

Training in surgical techniques consists in developing cognitive, clinical and technical skills that are traditionally acquired through observation and supervised practice. While errors are inherent in learning curves, failures are not admissible in surgical practice, which makes training in a training especially attractive. simulated surgical environment. This type of training provides the educator with the possibility of standardizing both the quality and the amount of the practice that the disciple will perform, as well as the feedback and evaluation of the skills (both technical and non-technical) of the student, something that is not always possible in the real environment.

The effectiveness of the training received in this way will depend on the proximity of the situation reproduced with the real case to be simulated. Existing simulators for oral surgery are grouped into two main types: synthetic and animal. The former seek to reproduce the appearance and consistency of human tissues in artificial material, as well as the feedback obtained by the operator during the surgical technique, while using mannequins to reproduce the conditions of the human oral cavity. These simulators have obtained partial success in the recreation of the appearance of the surgical area, although the consistency of the tissues and the feedback obtained from the practice are very poor. However, the reproduction of the oral cavity is acceptable, although it has the disadvantage of not allowing the tutor to observe the development of the intervention without interrupting / conditioning the process.

The second group of simulators uses animal models whose selection for surgical training must take into account the availability of specimens, the social acceptability of the chosen animal, the costs and the similarity between the animal tissue on which the learning takes place and the human tissue on which the procedure will be carried out in reality. Under these premises, it is possible to adequately simulate the appearance and consistency of human tissues, so that the feedback obtained by the operator approximates that obtained in real surgical practice.

The main drawback of this approach is that the simulation is performed on a table, so that the circumstances in which the operator acquires his training are very different from reality, which compromises the real usefulness of the simulation as a previous step to Surgery on real patients.

It would therefore be desirable to have a simulator that reproduces, not only the characteristics of the human tissue on which the disciples will intervene once their formation is completed, but also the environment where those tissues will be located (in this case the oral cavity), as The purpose of the training is to train to perform the procedure in that particular environment and not in another. In addition, the ideal simulator should allow observation by the instructor without limitations and without interfering in the development of the practice by the disciple.

Therefore, the objective of the present invention is the development of an instrument that combines the possibility of using animal and synthetic elements in the same simulator, limiting access and lighting in the area to be intervened, which, in addition, can be used on a conventional dental unit, stretcher or table (which allows its orientation in different planes of space) and combines opaque and transparent coating, which allows the vision of the instructor, while restricting that of the operator.

On the other hand, and as a reference to the state of the art, it should be noted that simulators and similar devices are known in this field. Specifically, as the closest relevant documents, the following can be named:

US2007178429A1, which describes a dental model for training in oral and maxillofacial surgery techniques. The model consists of a head that is adapted to be mounted on a support structure, such as a simulation table or car and includes a mouth opening, delimited by an upper and a lower jaw, which are mounted on a base. The interior of the mouth opening is equipped with elements that mimic the tissues and structures of a real mouth, such as a tongue, teeth, uvula, bone, a gingival layer, etc., made of a synthetic material such as urethane, and attached to the head by a plurality of pins, screws, etc. The model also incorporates elements that mimic the behavior of mouth structures, such as nerves and blood vessels, connected to an electrical circuit that simulates the behavior of these structures before a surgeon's maneuver and emits indicators of the state of the structure. The set is subsequently delimited by a hemispherical piece that mimics a skull.

And document US2013236873A1 which refers to a demonstration apparatus for salivary gland endoscopy techniques (sialoendoscopy or sialendoscopy) that includes a support structure consisting of a replica of a human lower jaw, in which a structure that incorporates a duct structure to mimic the salivary glands. The support structure may include additional elements, such as an upper jaw, with articulation elements to pivot with respect to the lower jaw, teeth, etc. A structure that includes the invention is also a movable language, since its inclusion is considered necessary to demonstrate the manipulation of such an element during some of the procedures that are intended to be taught.

However, it is not observed that any of the above inventions, taken separately or in combination, describe the present invention. It can therefore be affirmed that, at least on the part of the applicant, the existence of no other multifunctional board for teaching intraoral surgical techniques, or any other invention of similar application, which has the same or similar technical, structural and constitutive characteristics is unknown. to those presented by the board claimed here.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The multifunctional board for teaching intraoral surgical techniques that the invention proposes is thus configured as a novelty within its field of application, since according to its implementation and in a restrictive way the objectives previously indicated as suitable are satisfactorily achieved, being the characterizing details that make it possible and distinguish it conveniently set out in the final claims that accompany the present description.

More specifically, what the invention proposes, as noted above, is an instrument designed to test surgical techniques safely by reproducing the existing conditions in the oral cavity, in order to acquire a minimum level of skill in intraoral surgical techniques. , before realizing it in real patients, which presents numerous and notable advantages over other existing instruments of analogous purposes.

For this, and more specifically, said instrument consists of a board (base) with two main components in the form of flat elements perpendicular to each other, one vertical (minor) and another horizontal (major), the latter with a series of elements and grooves to allow the fastening of specimens and models, as well as the insertion of specific attachments according to the simulation to be performed, on which a lid is placed and which also includes a liquid collection and evacuation system, as well as stabilization devices for the different work surfaces (ex: table, dental equipment, or stretcher).

In addition, on the horizontal element or board itself (major component) and above the lid, a metal frame is fitted, on which in turn a transparent plastic cover is installed on the back and slightly translucent on the front ( to the area after the insertion of the model), where it has a hole that simulates the mouth in maximum opening. This cover constitutes a simulator that reproduces the access and space existing in the oral cavity, restricts the available lighting and the approach by the surgeon in training, while allowing the inspection of the technique by the instructor.

The whole of the invention is thus a board for incorporating elements and forming a medical simulator that has application in the surgical field of various medical specialties, such as dentistry, stomatology, oral and maxillofacial surgery, otolaryngology, dermatology, and family and community medicine. The present invention allows surgical training to be obtained under conditions similar to those existing in the oral cavity, which is more effective than that obtainable by current simulators.

The described multifunctional board for teaching intraoral surgical techniques represents, therefore, an innovation of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now, reasons that, together with its practical utility, provide it with sufficient grounds to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings in which with an illustrative and non-limiting the following has been represented:

Figure number 1.- Shows a schematic view in top perspective, of an example of the multifunctional board, object of the invention, showing its general configuration and the main parts and elements it comprises, in the absence of including the frame and the cover.

Figures number 2 and 3.- They show paths in side perspective view of the board shown in figure 1, represented in figure 2 with an inclined plane and in figure 3 with lid and no inclined plane.

Figure number 4.- Shows a front perspective view of the board, according to the invention, incorporating the metal frame and the plastic cover, both also represented schematically, showing their arrangement on the vertical and horizontal elements of the board, as well as its configuration.

Figure number 5.- It shows a bottom perspective view of the board, showing the liquid drainage system comprising under the horizontal element, with the connection provided for the rubber tube that directs the liquid where appropriate.

Figures 6a, 6b, and 6c.- They show schematic views of an example of realization of the movable fastening means for hard tissues and their location in the cover, the parts being understood being appreciated. In particular, Figure 6a shows a perspective view of one of said solo fasteners; and Figures 6b and 6c are elevational and top perspective views of the set of two fasteners incorporated in the groove of the cover of the horizontal element of the board.

Figure number 6.- Shows a schematic side elevation view of an example of embodiment of the movable fastening means for hard tissues, the parts comprising.

Figures number 7-A and 7-B. - They show each view, in front and side perspective respectively, of an example of embodiment of the inclined plane comprising the board to orient the movement with the tongue traction.

Figure number 8.- Shows a rear perspective view of the board of the invention, according to the example shown in figures 1 to 3.

Figure number 9.- Shows a perspective view of the area of the horizontal element in which the hollow is located with pressure screws that constitute the fastening system for synthetic models and for the inclined plane.

And figure number 10.- Shows a schematic perspective view of the clamping rod clamping system to the horizontal element of the multifunction board, showing the arrangement of the same that allows its displacement with the opposition of the resistance exerted by the spring, while allowing its dismantling for washing and sterilization.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures, two examples of non-limiting embodiment of the multifunctional board for teaching intraoral surgical techniques of the invention can be observed, which comprises the parts and elements indicated and described in detail below, of according to the numbering adopted, according to the following list:

1. board

2. vertical element

3. horizontal element

4. First set hard tissue specimen clamping

5. Second set holding soft tissue specimens

6. Third clamping set for inclined plane or synthetic models

7. liquid drainage drain

8. eyelets for dental chair fastening strap

9. suction cups

10. horizontal element cover with multiple perforations to prevent water accumulation 11. plastic cover

12. transparent section of the plastic cover

13. slightly translucent section of the plastic cover

14. lateral reinforcements for liquid control

15. cover support pivots and metal frame support guides

16. side edges

17. legs

18. Sliding slot of the hard tissue clamping system

19. nut to fix the fasteners of the hard tissue fastening assembly in the sliding slot in the lid

20. screw with butterfly clasp

21. central rail of the cover for displacement of the sharp rod therein 22. sharp rod of the soft tissue holding assembly

23. mobile anchoring of the sharp rod

24. guide of the mobile anchoring of the sharp rod

25. spring attached to the sharp rod

26. opening in the lid to accommodate the synthetic model or the inclined plane

27. inclined plane to reproduce lingual movements

28. depression of the horizontal element for fastening synthetic models

29. cover holes to accommodate the pivots of the horizontal element

30. circular hollow of the plastic cover simulating the oral cavity in maximum opening

Thus, as seen in said figure 1, the board (1) in question is configured essentially from two flat elements perpendicular to each other, one vertical (2), which is preferably transparent in its upper part, and another horizontal (3), where a series of fastening sets (4, 5, 6) are located to hold different types of specimens and anatomical models, as well as the insertion of specific attachments according to the simulation to be performed, which, both of origin Biological as synthetic, they can be new and different in each use, said clamping assemblies (4, 5, 6) being provided with movement and shape to emulate the movement and orientation thereof with the traction of said specimens in surgical practice.

Preferably, in addition, the board (1) also comprises means for collecting and evacuating liquids through a drain (7), as well as stabilization and / or fixing devices (8, 9) to different work surfaces (eg: table, dental equipment, or stretcher).

In any case, the board (1) is designed so that, on the horizontal element (3) or board itself, a lid (10) fits and on this a metal frame (not shown in the figures) which, in turn, It is covered with a plastic cover (11), which has a transparent section (12) on its side and back and another slightly translucent section (13) on the front, where it has a hole (29) that simulates the mouth in maximum opening. This plastic cover (11), appreciable in Figure 4, has a volumetric configuration such that it reproduces the access and space existing in the oral cavity, restricts the available lighting and the approach by the surgeon in training, while allowing inspection of the technique by the instructor.

In the preferred embodiment, the board (1) is formed from two rectangular flat elements of equal width and different length arranged one vertically (2) and the other horizontal (3), that is, at an angle of 90 degrees , facing equal ends. He vertical element (2), of smaller size, whose length is less than half that of the horizontal element (3) greater, has on its outer lateral edges, close to its upper and lower limits, on both sides, with rings of support (8), solidly attached to the body, whose purpose is to act as stabilization devices and fixation of the board (1) by allowing the passage of straps to stabilize the board (1) in different situations (for example, the back of the dental chair ). In addition, preferably, the union of both rectangular elements (2, 3) is reinforced by lateral reinforcements (14), consisting of two triangular sections, on both sides, whose object is also to conduct the liquids resulting from the cooling of the Rotary instruments used in surgical practice towards the horizontal element (3) that is provided with the drainage evacuation system (7) thereof located at the bottom of the board (1).

For its part, the larger horizontal rectangular element (3), constitutes the main part of the board when formed as a board itself, and its particular configuration shows its usefulness in the simulation of various surgical techniques on a wide range of animal tissues and synthetic models, for which it has a series of attachments.

Specifically, this horizontal element (3) has, in the vicinity of its four inner corners with pivots (15) to support the cover (10) so that it is located at least 1 cm below the lateral edges (16 ) that surround this horizontal element (3) and that will merge with the aforementioned triangular lateral reinforcements (14) of the vertical element (2), and whose purpose is to confine the liquids collected therein into the board (1) and prevent its spillage. The lid (10) also has perforations so that the liquids produced in the surgical practice do not accumulate on it and fall on the base of the horizontal element (3) located below it.

Preferably, in addition, on the lower face of the horizontal element (3) and in its four corners, the existence of a leg (17), about two centimeters in length, which ends in a suction cup (9) is contemplated in order to serve as a device to stabilize the simulator on a table.

In addition, the horizontal element (3) has a drain hole (7) as a liquid evacuation system to which, optionally, a connection for the connection of a rubber tube (not shown) that allows to direct them where appropriate is coupled.

In any case, this larger horizontal rectangular element (3) integrates, coupled between the element itself and the cover (10) that covers it, different clamping assemblies for the different types of specimen to be used, which preferably consist of the following:

- A first fastening set (4) for animal hard tissues (eg, pig jaw), which is incorporated in the lid (10), preferably in a rectangular slot (18), as shown in the example of figures 3 and 6C, arranged transversely in the middle third of the cover (10), being formed by two movable fasteners (4) that move along said groove (18), as seen in Figures 6-A, 6 -B and 6-C.

Specifically, as seen in said figure 6A, the fasteners (4) that are incorporated in said groove (18) comprise two brackets, placed face to face that can be fixed in the groove at the desired distance by a nut (19). ) bottom and have a screw with butterfly seal (20) that act as a means of clamping by pressure. The purpose of these devices is to stabilize the jaw (or other hard animal tissue) by pressing it between the screws (20) of both fasteners (4). In addition, and since their fixation is mobile, they can adapt to the different widths that the specimens could present.

- And, a second clamping set (5) for animal soft tissues (eg pig tongue) that is also incorporated between the horizontal element (3) and the cover (10), which has a central rail (21 ) longitudinal that begins in the back third of the cover (10) and continues in the direction of its front or opposite part and that serves to accommodate a sharp rod (22), which on its lower face has a movable anchor (23) that moves on a guide (24), formed by two parallel bands fixed to the horizontal element of the board, sufficiently raised to allow the displacement of the sharp rod (22), which is also connected to a spring (25) that tends to place it in the most posterior position of the guide (24) and which is anchored further on the base of the horizontal element (3). The movable anchor (23), appreciable in detail in Figure 10, has a thread on which the stabbing rod (22) is placed where the animal specimen is nailed, then covering its end with a blunt stop (not shown). With all this, this clamping assembly (5) seeks to reproduce the anterior displacement of the tongue when it is subjected to traction by the operator.

In order to reproduce this movement better, the board (1) preferably has a third clamping set (6), consisting of a group of pressure screws with a wheel lock (Fig 9) located in the horizontal element (3 ) under and on both sides of an opening (26) of the cover (10) provided in front of the hard tissue clamping assembly (4), where an inclined plane (27) is fixed, consisting of a piece with a top surface decreasing towards the back of the horizontal element (3), with partially curved profile and hemieliptic section, as seen in figures 7-A and 7-B, whose mission is to guide the movement of the tongue sideways and upwards under traction, as would happen in a real situation.

In an alternative option, the board (1), replacing the described inclined plane (27) (Fig 7B), allows to set synthetic models, for which it has a depression (28) practiced in the horizontal element (3) under the aforementioned opening (26), in the form of a box, one centimeter deep, on whose sides the pressure screws of the aforementioned third clamp assembly (6) are installed, as shown in Figure 9, finished in a wheel, which when tightened they will put pressure on the synthetic model, stabilizing it in this way.

Finally, it should be noted that the metal frame on which the plastic cover (11) is incorporated is preferably constituted by a structure of steel wires that describe a partially truncated parallelepiped in its anterior portion, which fits into four pivots (15 ) of the horizontal element (3), as already indicated, holes having been provided (29) coinciding with their position in the cover (10) to accommodate said pivots. This frame serves as a scaffolding for the plastic cover (11) with which it is covered as a lining, being, as mentioned above, slightly translucent on its front (13) and transparent on the back (12). In addition, in the anterior part, and coinciding with the inclined section of the frame, it has a recess (30) that defines a circular opening of 7 cm radius, contacting its lower limit with the anterior transverse bar presenting said framework.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages that derive from it, stating that, within its essentiality, it may be carried out in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which It will also achieve the protection that is sought as long as it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims (19)

1. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, characterized in that it is configured from two flat elements perpendicular to each other, one vertical (2) and one horizontal (3), where a series of clamping assemblies (4, 5, 6) to hold different types of specimens and anatomical models, as well as the insertion of specific attachments according to the simulation to be carried out, both of biological and synthetic origin, said clamping assemblies (4, 5, 6) being provided with movement and way to emulate the movement and orientation thereof with the traction of said specimens in surgical practice; and because , on the horizontal element (3) fits a lid (10) and a metal frame on which, in turn, a plastic cover (11) is installed whose configuration reproduces the access and space existing in the oral cavity, presenting a transparent section (12) in its lateral and posterior part and another slightly translucent section (13) in the anterior part, where it has a hole (29) that simulates the mouth in maximum opening. 2. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in addition, it comprises means for collecting and evacuating liquids through a drain (7). 3. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 2, characterized in that the union of both elements (2, 3) is reinforced by lateral reinforcements (14), consisting of two triangular sections, on both sides, whose object is also to drive the liquids resulting from the cooling of the rotary instruments towards the evacuation device (7) located at the bottom of the board (1). 4. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 3, characterized in that the cover (10) of the horizontal element (3) is located at least 1 cm below the lateral edges (16) surrounding this horizontal element (3) and that merge with the triangular lateral reinforcements (14) of the vertical element (2). 5. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 4, characterized in that the cover (10) has perforations so that the liquids produced in the surgical practice do not accumulate on it and fall on the base of the horizontal element (3) located below it. 6. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to any of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that, in addition, it comprises stabilization and / or fixing devices (8, 9) to different work surfaces. 7. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 6, characterized in that, as stabilization devices and / or fixation to work surfaces, the vertical element (2) has, on its external lateral edges, with eyebolts support (8) for the passage of belts to stabilize the board (1) in different situations, for example, to the back of the dental chair. 8. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that, as stabilization devices and / or fixation to work surfaces, in the lower part of the horizontal element (3), the existence is contemplated legs (17), about two centimeters in length, which end in a suction cup (9) whose purpose is to stabilize the simulator on a table. 9. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to any one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the two flat vertical (2) and horizontal (3) elements are rectangular of equal width and different length arranged at an angle of 90 degrees, facing equal ends. 10. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 9, characterized in that the vertical element (2) is smaller, and its length is less than half that of the horizontal element (3) which is larger. 11. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to any of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that, for fastening of animal hard tissues (eg, pig jaw), it comprises a first clamping assembly, consisting of two mobile movable fasteners (4) incorporated in a rectangular groove (18) arranged transversely in the middle third of the cover (10). 12. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 11, characterized in that the fasteners (4) comprise two supports, placed face to face that can be fixed in the groove at the desired distance by a lower nut (19) and that have a screw with butterfly seal (20) that act as a means of clamping by pressure. 13. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that, as fastening elements for animal soft tissues (eg pig tongue), it comprises a second fastening set (5) with a sharp rod (22), located in a movable anchor (23), where the animal specimen is nailed. 14. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 13, characterized in that the second fastening set (5) is incorporated between the horizontal element (3) and the cover (10), in a central rail (21) longitudinal that serves to accommodate the sharp rod (22), which in its lower face has a movable anchor (23) that moves on a guide (24) formed by paths parallel bands fixed to the horizontal element (3), raised to allow the displacement of the piercing rod (22), which is also connected to a spring (25) which tends to place it in the most posterior position of the guide (24) and which is anchored further on the base of the horizontal element (3). 15. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to any one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that it comprises a third set of fastening (6), consisting of a group of pressure bolts with wheel closure located in the horizontal element (3) under and on both sides of an opening (26) of the cover (10) provided in front of the hard tissue clamping assembly (4), where an inclined plane (27) is fixed whose mission is to guide the sides and upward movement of a tongue under traction. 16. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING SURGICAL TECHNIQUES INTRAORAL, according to claim 15, characterized in that the inclined plane (27) is a piece with a decreasing upper surface towards the rear of the horizontal element (3), partially curved profile and hemieliptic section. 17. MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 15 or 16, characterized in that the third clamping set (6) has a depression (28) in the form of a box practiced in the horizontal element (3), under the opening (26) of the cover (10), one centimeter deep, on whose sides the wheel-ended pressure screws are installed to fix synthetic models in place of the inclined plane (27). 18. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the metal frame is constituted by a structure of steel wires that describe a partially truncated parallelepiped in its anterior portion, which is fixed in four support pivots (15) made for this purpose in the horizontal element (3). 19. - MULTIFUNCTIONAL BOARD FOR TEACHING OF INTRAORAL SURGICAL TECHNIQUES, according to claim 18, characterized in that the plastic cover (5) covers the metal frame as a lining, being translucent in its front part (13) and transparent in the back ( 12), and, coinciding with the inclined section of the frame, provided with a recess (30) defining a circular opening of 7 cm radius.