ES2685335A1 - Procedure and device for combined process of drying of alperujo by means of the pirolización of the orujillo, with production of charcoal (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Procedure and device for combined process of alperujo drying by pyrolizing the orujillo, with charcoal production. The device comprises a pyrolysis furnace (1) with orujillo entry with two outlets, a first of charcoal and a second one of gases that are conducted to a burner (4) that produces hot air taken to a dryer for drying the alperujo. The procedure comprises the steps of: - Drying the alperujo by hot air (AC) generated in the plant itself, producing dry greased pomace (OGS). - Extraction of pomace oil (AO) producing as by-product orujillo (O). - Carbonization by pyrolysis of the orujillo (O) in a pyrolysis furnace (1) transforming it into vegetal carbon (CV) and producing gas (G). - Burning the gas (G) in a burner (4) to produce hot air with which the alperujo dries in the dryer (11) (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

DESCRIPTION

Procedure and device for combined drying process of alperujo by pyrolization of the pomace, with charcoal production.

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Technical sector

The sector of the technique where the invention is framed is that of olive oil production.

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Background of the invention

The process of obtaining the most common olive oil years ago, was the so-called three-phase (pomace, oil and vegetable water), and produced as waste the alpechin, the mixture of the hot washing water (used to obtain the oil) and the water of the olive itself. The 15 large quantities of alpechín produced, had to be stored in large evaporation rafts, and entrusted that during each summer enough was eliminated to leave room in the rafts for the following campaign, which often did not happen, which resulted to highly polluting spills, being at that time the main environmental problem of the Spanish agri-food industry. twenty

For years, the two-phase oil extraction system has been used that eliminates the problem of the vegetable water. These two phases are oil and alperujo, that is, the marc and water are united in a single product. For 1.2 tons of oil approximately 6 tons of alperujo are generated. The alperujo contains the pomace and water (approximately 70%), and for its extraction it needs to be treated.

The first part of the treatment of the alperujo consists in the drying of the material by evaporating most of the water (which implies the need for thermal energy), producing steam and dry fatty pomace. 30

The extraction of fat from the pomace, by means of a chemical process, produces pomace oil and a by-product called pomace.

Pomace oil has an excellent value for money, and once refined has the same healthy properties as olive oil. Recent studies place them as the best oil for frying. It has a growing market, both in Spain and in export.

A part of the pomace is used, by combustion, to remove the alperujo. The rest is made available to the market, being a very important part of the profitability of the alperujo management process.

Therefore, the management of the olive oil production waste (alperujo) must be guaranteed by both economic and environmental viability.

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The only efficient alperujo management industry is the extraction of pomace oil, which, as explained, obtains pomace and pomace oil for sale. A part of the process is the drying of the alperujo, by burning part of the pomace.

Although the drying process by burning pomace is environmentally desirable, since it is a biomass, thus avoiding the use of fossil fuels, it is a process in which suspended particles are emitted, a pollutant that every time generates more sensitivity and stricter emission limits.

To date, such a technology is lacking, that maintaining the pomace as a heat source for drying the alperujo, allows to reduce the emission levels of particles to the levels that the administration wants to reach.

On the other hand, the reduced market of the orujillo market, makes the prices of this subject to 5 variability, which currently greatly limit the profitability of the process and, together with the environmental problems described above, call into question the viability of the pomace oil extraction industry, and consequently, the olive oil production industry.

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Explanation of the invention.

The invention consists of a method and a device that performs a process of pyrolysis of the pomace to produce charcoal (charcoal or biochar) and that uses the hot gases generated in the pyrolysis to dry the alperujo. fifteen

This achieves two objectives:

• Environmental: drastically reduce emissions, discharges and waste, compared to the traditional drying process by orujillo ovens. twenty

• Economic: by transforming the orujillo, currently with a very limited market, into charcoal, which has a large and stable market.

Pyrolysis is the thermal decomposition of an organic matter in the absence of oxygen. Hot gases and volatiles are released from organic matter and a carbonaceous solid matter remains.

The volatiles generated are known as syngas or poor gas. After being purified by a gas scrubber, they can feed a lighter or an electric generation motor. 30

The main disadvantage of syngas is its low calorific value (approximately half of natural gas), which makes its transportation more expensive. The advantage of the device of the invention is that it is generated where it will be used, which saves transportation costs.

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The main output of the procedure and the device is a charcoal. This coal has different uses: as fuel for heating and stoves, soil conditioner (biochar), fuel for barbecues, etc.

Brief description of the drawings 40

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, a set of drawings is attached as an integral part of said description, where illustrative and non-limiting nature has been represented. next: 45

Figure 1 shows the elements of the device of the invention.

Figure 2 represents a pomace oil factory by the process of the invention.

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Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

The device for combined process of drying of alperujo and production of charcoal of the invention, as seen in Figure 1 comprises a hopper (2) capable of receiving pomace,

means for transporting the pomace (5) (for example a conveyor belt) from the hopper to a pyrolysis furnace (1).

The pyrolysis furnace has two outlets, a first one with charcoal and a second one with gases.

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There are means of transporting charcoal (7) (for example conveyor belts) from the first exit of the pyrolysis furnace to a coal deposit (9). In between, a chiller (6) can be placed to cool the coal before the coal deposit (9).

There are also means of transporting gas (8) (for example a pipe) from the second outlet 10 of the pyrolysis furnace (1) to a burner (4), where the gas is burned to produce hot air to dry the alperujo. A gas scrubber (3) may be included before the burner (4).

The device can be installed in a pomace oil factory, according to the scheme shown in Figure 2, so that the advantages mentioned above are obtained.

The pomace oil manufacturing device shown in the scheme of Figure 2 has a reservoir for receiving and storing the alperujo (10), from which alperujo is supplied to a dryer (11), which produces dry pomace (OGS ) which is conducted to a chemical extractor 20 (12) that produces pomace oil (AO). As residue of the chemical extractor (12) appears the pomace (O) that is led to a hopper (2).

The hopper (2) feeds pomace to the pyrolysis furnace (1) that produces charcoal (CV) and gas (G). 25

This gas (G) passes through a gas scrubber (3) and is led to a burner (4) that generates hot air (AC) that is introduced into the dryer (11) to dry the alperujo and get the dry fatty pomace ( OGS).

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This device will preferably be comprised within a pomace oil production system from alperujo.

The process for combined drying process of alperujo by pyrolization of the pomace, with charcoal production of the invention comprises the steps of:

Drying of the alperujo in a dryer (11) by means of hot air (AC) generated in the plant itself, producing dry fatty pomace (OGS).

Pomace oil extraction (AO) in a chemical extractor (12) producing as orujillo by-product (O).

Carbonization by pyrolysis of the pomace (O) in a pyrolysis furnace (1) transforming it into charcoal (CV) that is stored in a charcoal tank (9), and producing gas (G). Four. Five

Burning of the gas (G) in a burner (4) to produce hot air with which the alperujo dries in the dryer (11).

This procedure, before the gas burning step (G) in the burner (4) may comprise a gas washing step (G) in a gas laundry (3).

Another step that can be added after the pyrolysis carbonization step of the orujillo (O) is a cooling step of the charcoal in a chiller (6) located before the coal deposit (9).

The process explained will preferably be comprised within a process 5 for the production of pomace oil from alperujo.

Claims (8)

1. Device for combined process of drying alperujo by pyrolization of the pomace, with production of charcoal comprising a hopper (2) capable of receiving pomace, means of transporting the pomace (5) from the hopper to a pyrolysis furnace ( 1) with two outlets, 5 a first one of charcoal and a second one of gases, means of transport of charcoal (7) from the first exit of the pyrolysis furnace to a coal deposit (9), and means of gas transport (8) from the second outlet of the pyrolysis furnace (1) to a burner (4) comprising means for driving the hot air produced in the burner (4) to an alperujo drying facility. 10 2. Device for combined process of drying of alperujo by means of pyrolization of the pomace, with production of charcoal according to any of the previous claims comprising a gas scrubber located in the means of transporting gas (8), between the second outlet of the pyrolysis furnace (1) and the burner (4). fifteen 3. Device for combined drying process of alperujo by pyrolization of the pomace, with production of charcoal according to any of the preceding claims comprising a chiller (6) of the charcoal located between the first outlet of the pyrolysis furnace (1) and the coal deposit (9). twenty 4. Device for producing pomace oil from alperujo comprising a device for combined process of drying of alperujo by pyrolization of the pomace, with charcoal production according to any of the preceding claims.  25 5. Procedure for combined drying process of alperujo by pyrolization of the pomace, with charcoal production comprising the steps of: • Drying of the alperujo in a dryer (11) by means of hot air (AC) generated in the plant itself, producing dry fatty pomace (OGS). 30 • Extraction of pomace oil (AO) in a chemical extractor (12) producing as a by-product orujillo (O). • Carbonization by pyrolysis of the orujillo (O) in a pyrolysis furnace (1) transforming it into charcoal (CV) that is stored in a charcoal deposit (9), and producing gas (G). • Burning of the gas (G) in a burner (4) to produce hot air with which the alperujo dries in the dryer (11). 40 6. Procedure for combined process of drying of alperujo by means of the pyrolization of the pomace, with production of charcoal according to the previous claim that before the gas burning step (G) in the burner (4) comprises a gas washing step ( G) in a gas laundry (3). Four. Five 7. Procedure for combined process of drying of alperujo by means of pyrolization of the pomace, with production of charcoal according to any of the preceding claims that after the pyrolysis carbonization step of the pomace (O) comprises a step of cooling the charcoal in a chiller (6) located before the coal tank (9). fifty 8. Process for the production of pomace oil from alperujo comprising a process for combined process of drying of alperujo by pyrolization of the pomace, with charcoal production according to any of the preceding claims.