ES2676622A1 - PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT AND FOR THE OBTAINING/RECOVERY OF NITROGEN IN THE FORM OF AMMONIA (BIO AMMONIA) FROM ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE BIOMASSES (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Equipment and procedure for obtaining/recovering nitrogen in the form of ammonia (bio ammonia) from animal and vegetable biomasses with liquid phase, comprising: phase separation in a separator (3), optionally with a previous decanter (2); the derivation of the liquid phase (6) to an evaporation reactor (7), with a free space (71) where a low pressure is created, and an agitator (73) that generates a turbulent regime; the derivation of the ammonia and water evaporated in the reactor (7) from the free space (71) to a water trap (8) for capturing the moisture; the introduction of the dehumidified ammonia in a bubbler (9) with distilled water at low temperature for the production of ammonium hydroxide. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

PROCEDURE AND EQUIPMENT AND FOR THE OBTAINING / RECOVERY OF NITROGEN IN THE FORM OF AMMONIA (BIO 5 AMMONIA) FROM ANIMAL AND VEGETABLE BIOMASSES

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as expressed in the statement herein, refers to a method for obtaining, recovering

10 of N2 nitrogen in the form of ammonia (NH3) or Bio ammonia (due to its raw material) as well as compost and H20 obtained from biomass of vegetable and / or animal origin (Raw Materials), through the equipment of the invention .

We understand as biomass of animal and / or plant origin, for example:

15 slurries of pigs, cattle, poultry, organic material (waste) and

human dejections.

The object of the present invention focuses specifically on a

procedure for obtaining / recovering nitrogen N2 in the form of organic ammonia NH3 (Bio ammonia) which, in an innovative way

20 obtained from biomass as a raw material of vegetable and animal origin, in a process of evaporation of the liquid phase in the equipment that is also part of this patent, to obtain on the one hand (NH3) a gaseous and / or liquid form , on the other hand H20 for fertigation, and compost as a solid phase.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The field of application of the present invention is part of the livestock sector (intensive cattle raising) and the industry dedicated to the manufacture of chemicals, fertilizers and plants

domestic and industrial effluent treatments, focusing

particularly in the field of the production of ammonia (NH3), compost, irrigation water with ammonia levels appropriate to the regulations, 5 avoiding the contamination of the entire water basin by leaching of the N03 ion and reduction of ammonia effluents.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Ammonia Ammonia, azano, Hartshorn spirit or ammonium gas is a chemical compound of nitrogen with the chemical formula NH3. It is a colorless gas with a characteristic repulsive smell. It is found abundantly

in the urine and in the stool. It is the main terminal product of the

Protein metabolism in man and other mammals. Human urine contains about 20g per liter.

Approximately e183% of ammonia is used as fertilizers or salts, solutions or anhydrides. When applied on soil, it helps increase

The yield of crops such as corn and wheat. 30% of nitrogen

Used agricultural is in the form of anhydride.

Ammonia currently serves as a raw material for the formation of 20 agricultural fertilizers, moisturizers and polymers.

The use of ammonia and phosphate fertilizers allows plantations to become stronger and can cope with the help of the necessary agrochemicals, different types of insects, bacteria and viruses that can affect them during the time that lasts

25 ripening of its fruits. Traditionally, NH3 is obtained by the method called Haber-Bosch procedure. The procedure consists in the reaction

Direct between nitrogen and hydrogen gases.

On the other hand, it is known the industrial thesis of ammonia (based on hydrocarbons) that is made from cracking to obtain liquid ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (C02) gas

N2 (g) + 3H2 (g) ~ 2NH3 (g)

5 These values are obtained through the Van't Hoff equation. It is a very slow reaction, since it has a high activation energy, a consequence of the stability of N2.

The Haber-Bosch method uses two raw materials: hydrogen and

nitrogen. The necessary hydrogen is produced from the reformation

10 natural gas, LPG or gasoline with water vapor, the natural gas being

The most usual food.

After methane, the circulating gas is composed of air, methane and water vapor, which react with iron catalyst to form ammonia in a gaseous state according to:

15 7 CH4 + 10 H20 + 8 N2 + 2 O, ~ 16 NH3 + 7 CO,

The gaseous ammonia condenses by cooling and separates from the gas for storage. The remaining gaseous ammonia is recirculated to the synthesis loop.

20 EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The procedure for obtaining / recovering N2 nitrogen in form

of organic ammonia NH3 (Bio ammonia) that the present invention proposes is configured, however, as a remarkable novelty within

its field of application, providing advantages and features that

25 distinguish and improve with respect to the known procedure described above, which are conveniently set out in the final claims that accompany the present specification.

It is worth mentioning, first of all, that "the raw material used" by

This invention comes from "biomass" (animals / plants) for example:

slurry

The most important differences to consider about other matters

Premiums, products obtained and effluents are:

5 The raw materials involved in obtaining / recovering the

Nitrogen N2 in the form of organic ammonia (NH3) Bio ammonia:

Of animal origin, such as pig feces (slurry),

avian, cattle, wool, the blood of these animals mentioned, the peels or the organic components thereof such as the viscera.

10 Of vegetable origin such as Mediterranean pinnace, the leaves of

trees and shrubs, vegetables, fruits, or other components derived from forests such as barks or pine nuts.

Of human excretions and other organic waste from plants

urban water treatment.

15 One of the advantages derived from the procedure is, therefore, the optimization of the intensive breeding stock that the slurries will use as matter

premium for this bio fertilizer and also its effluents may be used

as fertigation since they will have adequate ammonia levels to the

EU regulations.

The water obtained from the process of the invention conforms to the

EU fertigation regulations regarding nitrate levels and prevents nitrate eutrophication of the area's aquifer

vulnerable

The final compost has a very low ammonia content for use as an active compost, not harmful to the environment.

In short, the procedure is a great advantage in terms of providing indirect positive impacts to the natural environment.

that come from the proper use of plant and animal biomass;

In addition, the manufacture of fertilizers on an organic basis that allow intensifying agriculture on existing lands, reducing the need to expand it to other lands that may have different natural or social uses.

5 tO

In addition, the negative environmental impacts that are often severe in the production of hydrocarbon-based fertilizers are substantially reduced. Wastewater is not a problem. Having been treated as part of the procedure they are slightly acidic (depending on the type of plant), and their toxic substance content is minimal (concentrations of: ammonia or the compounds of ammonium, urea, cadmium, arsenic, fluorides and phosphate).

fifteen

The team carries out in its last stage a treatment of the liquid fraction of the slurry as an active agent in obtaining nitrogen in the form of organic ammonia (Bio ammonia). This treatment is the reason why its effluents, total suspended solids, nitrate and organic nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, and (as a result), are within the normal parameters for fertigation in OSO (biological oxygen demand) and OQO (chemical demand oxygen), electrical conductivity, pH, etc.

twenty

The process for recovering / obtaining ammonia nitrogen, from organic waste material with comprises: in the form of a liquid phase,

A phase separation in a separator, with prior decantation if deemed necessary. It can be a continuous flow centrifuge.

25

The derivation of the liquid phase to an evaporation reactor, with a higher free space where a low pressure is created, and an agitator that generates a turbulent regime.

The derivation of evaporated ammonia from free space is forced to pass through a water trap to capture water vapors that can be released from the wet fraction of slurry.

The introduction of dehumidified ammonia into a gas bubbler containing demineralized distilled water at low temperature (for example, at 4'C) for the production of dissolved ammonium hydroxide.

Preferably, the solid phase is derived from the separator (and from any other hypothetical similar stage) to a composting station.

It is possible to add a base in the reactor, or modify its

temperature to be between 45 and 55 oC. For its part, it is recommended that the gas bubbler be refrigerated to improve the solubility of the

Ammonia in the water.

10 The purification of the liquid phase after evaporation of the ammonia in the reactor is preferably performed consecutively by:

A physical filter (continuous flow rotary centrifuge, for example)

preferably variable mesh, where the solid fraction separated

It is compost.

15 An ozonator.

An electrocoagulation equipment with silver and copper alloy electrodes.

An activated carbon and zeolite filter.

A UV filter (Ultraviolet).

20 All the cake that is removed during the filtering processes and

recirculation are taken to the composting station.

A reverse osmosis device, where the cake that is removed from the

Membrane is also carried to the composting station.

The invention also relates to recovery / obtaining equipment

Ammonia nitrogen (Bio Ammonia) comprising all

these devices.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a sheet of drawings in which with character illustrative and not

limiting the following has been represented:

Figure number 1 and unique.-Shows a schematic view of the equipment of

recovery / obtaining of ammonia-shaped nitrogens in a first embodiment of the object of the invention, the parts being appreciated

10 and elements that it comprises and its disposition.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The procedure in Figure 1 is a batch procedure that begins

with a tank (1) of slurries, usually a settling raft /

15 separation If it comes from another type of deposit, a

Decanting (2), in a decanter, to remove part of the solids.

It is then introduced into a phase separator (3), to derive the solid phase (4) to a composting station (5), and the liquid phase (6) to the cylindrical reactor (7). The preferred separator (3) is a centrifuge of

20 continuous flow screw and variable mesh, such as a scraper or screw rotary with variable pitch meshes (preferably 50, 100, 200, 300 and 500 microns). According to the original decantation, this solid phase (4) can be reduced to 1.0% of the slurry introduced.

A quantity of liquid phase (6) is introduced into the reactor (7), allowing

25 a larger free space (71) to favor evaporation. A preferred proportion leaves 25% of the reactor volume (7) as free space (71). In the reactor (7) heating is produced up to about 45-55 'C (depending on the pH of the purin, to optimize the water-ammonia ratio

in the gas phase) by means of a heater (72), such as a hot water coil and a pressure drop inside the reactor (7) is also carried out. In both cases to continue to favor evaporation.

5 t O

In the reactor (7) a forced circulation is produced by means of an agitator (73) (impeller propeller for example at t 50 rpm) which preferably brings the slurry into a turbulent regime, increasing the evaporation surface of the slurry. This turbulent regime helps evaporation by facilitating the breakdown of the hydrogen bridge between the ammonia molecules present in the slurry.

If desired, the pH can be modified by adding a base, such as caustic soda. The amount will depend on the starting pH (characterization of the slurry) and the desired pH, which will preferably be 11.

fifteen

All the factors described cause that inside the invention NH3 gas evaporates from the liquid phase of the slurry, being placed in the free space (71) due to its difference in density with the rest of the liquid slurry and with the rest of the gases evaporated

The NH3 gas and water vapor are removed by a vacuum pump and are taken to a water trap (8) to separate the water vapor.

20 25

This water trap (8) allows us to visualize if we are adequately evaporating the NH3. When the water trap (8) accumulates water inside, it indicates that we are deviating from the water-ammonia evaporation curve and losing thermal efficiency (we are overheating the liquid phase (6)). In addition, the water trap (8) allows not to carry impurities that the steam of the slurries entails

The dehumidified NH3 gas is introduced into a gas bubbler (9) also with a liquid in the lower part (distilled and initially mined water) and upper empty space. The bubbles produce a large contact surface between the chilled water and the

ammonia, increasing the dissolution and accelerating the reaction to make

ammonium hydroxide

In this case, it is preferred that the gas bubbler (9) is refrigerated, for example at 4 'C, obtaining a cooled unsaturated solution. From

This way you can work with ammonia safely.

The slurry that remains in the reactor (7) after evaporation of the ammonia

it must be treated, for what first happens through a physical filter (10) and an ozonator (11). The ozonator (11) injects that gas 0 3 by means of a

10 Venturi to the flow of slurry to be treated, and there is a remanence in a tank to allow time for its performance. Ozone produces an important

oxidation and disinfectant of the liquid phase (6) of the slurry and the

oxidizable contaminants and microorganisms. The ozone capacity for

Producing "free bromine" by oxidation of the bromide ion is an advantage of

15 ozone in slurry treatment. With this ozone treatment, you have the ability to convert refractory organic materials into

biodegradable materials.

After the ozonator (11), preferably with recirculation the liquid phase is transferred to an electrocoagulation equipment (12), also preferably with recirculation. This electrocoagulation equipment (12) comprises an anode and a sacrificial cathode, for example of copper and silver alloys, to ionize the liquid phase (6) and terminate the disinfection.

The use of silver / copper ionizers allows the scope to be controlled

microbiological and prolong the duration of the liquid phase (6) of the slurry in 25 confined spaces. The necessary voltage is reduced (less than 12 V) and the electrodes can be placed on each side of the slurry flow.

To the disinfectant effect of electrocoagulation is added the presence of

Copper ions in the flow, which also have a disinfectant effect. The

Use of copper-silver ionization in the invention achieves organic disinfection and kills legionella bacteria (for example). This stage

Filtering-disinfection does not remove organic matter such as tissue debris,

hairs, etc. of the liquid phase (6) of the slurry. This liquid phase (6) can have a basic pH, if caustic soda was used in the reactor (7), but in any case

It is recommended that it be so.

After the electrocoagulation equipment (12), the liquid phase (6) is introduced into an activated carbon filter (13) and variable grain size zeolite. The slurry is forced to recirculate by the activated carbon filter (13) and zeolite which, due to its absorption properties, retains the smell, color and ammonia residues of the Purin. The activated carbon (13) and zeolite filter provides the specific specific porosity and suitability combined to achieve

natural cation exchange, also performing an important filtration,

removing the contaminating particles up to 1 O ~ m and absorbing the

15 solution cations such as Fe, Mn, Cu, Zn, and heavy metals such as Pb and As. As a penultimate step, the liquid phase (6) remaining from the slurry passes through a disinfectant UV filter (14).

Finally, and to achieve a resulting water with sufficient quality according to

20 the regulations, the liquid phase (6) is treated in a reverse osmosis device

(fifteen). Preferably with some other physical filter, optional, prior. He

reverse osmosis device (15) also removes any remaining soda

caustic If preferred, it can be previously neutralized by adding some type of acid to form salts.

25 Material removed from the liquid phase (6) in the physical filter (10) reverse osmosis devices (15), ozonator (11), electrocoagulation equipment, activated carbon filter (13) and any purge valve is remitted to the composting station (5).

Claims (6)

1.-Procedure for obtaining / recovering nitrogen in the form of ammonia from animal and plant biomass with liquid phase, which 5 comprises: a phase separation in a separator (3); the derivation of the liquid phase (6) to an evaporation reactor (7), with a free space (71) where a low pressure is created, and an agitator (73) that generates a turbulent regime; 10 the derivation of evaporated ammonia and water in the reactor (7) from the free space (71) to a water trap (8) to capture moisture; the introduction of dehumidified ammonia in a bubbler gas (9) cooled with distilled water and demineralized at low temperature for the production of ammonium hydroxide. 2. Method according to claim 1, whose solid phase (4) is derived from the separator (3) to a composting station (5). 3. Method according to claim 1, comprising a previous settling (2). 4. Method according to claim 1, comprising the addition of a base in the reactor (7) if the pH is less than 7. 5. Method according to claim 1, wherein the temperature in the reactor (7) is between 45 and 55 'C. 6. Process according to claim 1, whose liquid phase (6) that is removed from the reactor (7) after evaporation of the ammonia is treated consecutively in: a physical filter (10); an ozonator (11); an electrocoagulation equipment (12) with alloy electrodes of 5 silver and copper; an activated carbon filter (13) and zeolite; a UV filter (14) and a reverse osmosis device (15); any material being removed to the composting station. 7.-Equipment for obtaining / recovering nitrogen in the form of ammonia (bio ammonia) from animal and plant biomass with liquid phase, which includes: a phase separator (3); whose derivation of the liquid phase (6)  15 is communicated with an evaporation reactor (7), with low pressure and an agitator (73) to generate a turbulent regime; and that owns by evaporation of the wet ammonia evaporated to a water trap (8) for moisture capture; connected to a refrigerated gas bubbler (9) for the production of ammonium hydroxide, 8. Equipment according to claim 7, comprising a previous decanter. 9, - Equipment according to claim 7, whose reactor (7) has an output of the liquid phase (6) consecutively connected to: a physical filter (10); an ozonator (11); 30 an electrocoagulation equipment (12) with alloy electrodes silver and copper; an activated carbon filter (13) and zeolite; a UV filter (14); and a reverse osmosis device (15). removing any material to the composting station