ES2671797T3 - Storage device for packaging bulk and assembly materials comprising a plurality of such devices - Google Patents

Abstract

Storage device (1), for packing bulk materials comprising: - a flexible container (2), defined at least by a bottom wall (20) and side walls (21, 22, 23, 24), which they form a material storage volume, - suspension loops (3, 4), flexible in the upper part of the container intended for lifting, said storage device (1) is flexible can pass from a storage position (P0), essentially folded until it is completely flat to a position of use (P1) essentially in volume, said suspension loops (3, 4) have a rigidity such that the suspension loops are self-supporting, in said position of use in volume of the container , which extend so that they protrude above the flexible container, the suspension loops (3,4) each comprise a flexible belt (6), fixed at both ends to the container and have a free length section (60), interme day, which protrudes above the container (2), as well as an elastic element (7), long-line, made of a semi-rigid material, which extends longitudinally along the belt (6) and which has a stiffness so that said elastic element (7) cooperates with said belt (6) in order to ensure the maintenance of the suspension loop (3, 4) in a self-supporting position, and in which said suspension loops (3,4) have sufficient sizes to join at a point that passes through the axis of gravity of the storage device, the device comprises a flexible connection means (5), which connects said suspension loops (3, 4) by grouping them in their upper part, in the same hitching zone (Ze), characterized in that: said flexible connection means (5) is intended to removably connect said suspension loops (3, 4), said connection means (5) can pass from a closed position (Pc) connecting said suspending loops sion with each other to an opening position (Pa) for which the suspension loops are unleashed, and in which the belt material (6) forms a fold, which receives, as an insert, said elastic element (7) , said elastic element (7) is a longitudinally extending tubular element, not only along the free length section (60) of said intermediate belt, but also along both ends of the belt (6) fixed to the side walls (21, 22, 23, 24) of the container (2), and only in a portion of upper length (LS) of the container (2), and in which the stiffness of the suspension loops is such that the retention of the suspension loops is ensured only once said suspension loops are connected to their upper part by said connection means (5).

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Storage device for packaging bulk and assembly materials comprising a plurality of such devices

Technical sector

The invention relates to a flexible storage device for packaging bulk solid materials. The field of the invention is that of large containers, intended for the packaging of large quantities of solid particulate materials, also called CUIMG bags (intermediate use container for bulk materials or FIBC bags (in English '' Flexible intermediate Bulk Container ') These storage devices have been known for many years and are used for the protection, storage and transport of bulk materials.

State of the art

These containers are conventionally made of polymeric fiber fabrics (for example, PP, HDPE, LLDPE), possibly sealed. The capacity of these containers is generally between 0.2 and 2 m3. The large size and mass of the containers, once filled, make handling difficult, even in some cases dangerous. In order to optimize storage capacities, the flexible container often has rectangular bottom and side walls, thus forming an essentially parallelepiped storage volume. When the devices are juxtaposed, said parallelepipedic volume allows optimum filling of the available storage surface.

Notably for those skilled in the art, an inherent interest of such storage devices, advantageously flexible, is that they can, when not in use, be stored in a smaller position, essentially folded until they are completely flat, or even at Often in a compressed state.

Therefore, the manufacturers of such large flexible bulk containers often deliver these storage devices in the form of an assembly in the compressed state, comprising a plurality of flexible storage devices, in their essentially folded position until they are completely flat, stacked on each other, and held against each other in a compressed state by links surrounding the stacking of said assembly.

In order to minimize the dimension during transport, it is therefore known to subject the stack to the action of a packing machine comprising a press, which exerts a force on the devices, usually several tons. A sealing system of the machine allows, together with the action of the press, the fixing of several links intended to surround the stack and to keep the devices against each other.

These links ensure the maintenance of the stack in compressed state, once the press is separated.

Given the storage capacity, these flexible storage devices are not manipulated by the force of man, but are raised by a lifting system, usually hydraulic / motorized. To this end, the state-of-the-art flexible storage devices are provided with suspension loops, conventionally in the form of flexible tapes, usually four, and sewn in the four corners of the flexible container. These suspension loops are intended to engage each other by the lifting system to allow handling.

According to the inventor's findings, the state of matter storage devices require human intervention to hook the suspension loops to the lifting system, then to unhook the suspension loops from the lifting system.

The loops are small in size, cannot be joined without the use of specific lifting equipment, which can comprise four chains, and four carabiners intended to be attached respectively to the four suspension loops of the CUIMG bag.

As an alternative to this equipment of chains and carabiners, the suspension loops of the bag can be joined thanks to the use of a lifting beam, intermediate, often in a welded form, and comprising four hooks, separated and distant, lower, for the respective hooks of the four loops of the CUIMG bag.

During the hitch operation, the operator grabs the suspension loops, lifts them by hooking them successively to the different hitch areas of the equipment. On the contrary, and during disengagement operations, the operator must intervene to successively disengage the suspension loops.

Object of the invention

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According to the inventor's findings, these operations are dangerous, particularly when they take place at a high point, such as in a storage rack, or on the top loading surface of a truck's tipper, and from which The operator is likely to fall. Document AU 2009 100 871 discloses a storage device according to the preamble of claim 1. The objective of the present invention is to alleviate the aforementioned drawbacks by proposing a flexible bulk storage device, which greatly simplifies the handling operations of the container, allowing to avoid the presence of an operator during the operations of hooking or unhooking the suspension loops.

Another object of the present invention is to propose, at least in accordance with one embodiment, such a storage device that can be quickly grasped and removed, without human intervention, by a single hook lifting system.

Another object of the present invention is to provide such a flexible, bulk storage device, which, at least according to one embodiment, remains compatible with the pressure packaging devices, and therefore can be strongly compressed in the form of a stack of folded devices until they are completely flat, without risk of alteration of said storage device.

Another object of the present invention is to provide said storage device, which, at least according to one embodiment, allows maximizing the capacity of the storage surfaces.

Another object of the present invention is to provide said flexible storage device, which, at least according to one embodiment, is easy to recycle.

Other objects and advantages will become apparent from the following description that is given for information purposes only and is not intended to limit it.

The invention relates to a storage device for packaging bulk materials according to the object of claim 1.

Notably and in accordance with the invention:

- the device comprises a means of connection, flexible, and intended to connect, in a removable manner, said suspension loops by grouping them in their upper part, in the same hitching area, said connection means being able to pass from a closing position that connects said suspension loops with each other to an opening position for which the suspension loops are released;

- the rigidity of the suspension loops is such that the retention of the suspension loops is ensured only once said suspension loops are connected to their upper part by said connection means;

- the suspension loops each comprise a flexible strap, fixed at both ends to the container, and have a free, intermediate length section protruding above the container, as well as an elastic, long-line element, made of a semi-rigid material , which extends longitudinally along the belt and has a rigidity such that said elastic element cooperates with said belt in order to ensure the maintenance of the suspension loop in a self-supporting position;

- the belt material forms a fold, which receives, as an insert, said elastic element;

- said elastic element extends longitudinally, not only along the free length section of said intermediate belt, but also along both ends of the belt fixed to the side walls of the container;

- said elastic element, semi-rigid, is a tubular element.

According to the optional features of the invention, taken alone or in combination:

- said connection means is fixedly connected with one of the suspension loops in said opening position;

- the flexible connection means comprises a link that is tied around said loops in said closed position and untied in the open position;

- said connection means comprises an opening / closing system of the type loops / hooks, such as, for example, Velcro® to move from said opening position to the closing position, or vice versa.

- said portion of the length of the container, over which said longilinear element extends between% and A of the height of the container, such that 1/3 of the height of the container;

- the wall thickness of said tubular element is between 1.5 mm and 3 mm, such as 2 mm;

- the suspension loops are two;

- the back wall and the side walls are essentially rectangular, said storage volume

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It is shaped like a parallelepiped;

- the suspension loops comprise two suspension loops that each connect two consecutive angles of the parallelepiped storage volume at their ends, at the vertical edges of said parallelepiped container;

- the capacity of the container is between 0.2 m3 and 2 m3

- the flexible container that forms the bottom wall and the side walls, as well as said suspension loops, comprising, where appropriate, said ribbons and said elastic elements, are made of the same plastic material.

The invention also relates to an assembly in a compressed state, comprising a plurality of flexible storage devices according to the invention, in their essentially folded position until they are completely flat, stacked on top of each other, and held against each other in the state compressed by links surrounding the stacking of said set.

Description of the figures

The invention will be better understood after reading the following description accompanied by the attached drawings, in which:

- Figure 1 is a view of a flexible bulk storage device according to the invention according to an embodiment, comprising a volume of parallelepipedic storage and two suspension loops in untied positions.

- Figure 2 is a detailed view of the M-M section as illustrated in Figure 1.

- Figure 3 is a view of the device of Figure 1, the two suspension loops are removably grouped, in their upper part, in the same hitch zone, by a connection means.

- Figure 4 is a side view of the storage device of Figure 1, illustrating in transparency, the elastic element, in the form of a dashed line, said elastic element extending not only along the intermediate length section that protrudes of the loop of the suspension loop, but also, essentially vertical, along the ends of the straps attached to the container, and in a longer length portion of the flexible container.

- Figure 5 is a view of a flexible storage device according to the invention according to a second embodiment, the storage volume is closed in its upper part by a skirt whose opening is kept closed by a link.

- Figure 6 is a detailed view of an elastic tubular section element of a storage device according to the invention, in accordance with an embodiment.

- Figure 7 is a view of the hollow section of said elastic element illustrated in Figure 6.

- Figure 8 is a view of three fabrics that allow the design of the rectangular bottom and side walls of a container with essentially parallelepipedic storage volume.

- Figure 9 is a view of a stack of storage devices, flexible, folded until completely flat, subjected to the action of a packaging device whose press compresses the stacking, and together, the packaging device proceeds to hold different links keeping said stack in compressed state.

- Figure 10 is a partial, detailed view of a device according to the invention according to an embodiment and more particularly illustrates a connection means for two independent opening / closing elements.

Detailed description of the invention

The invention also relates to a storage device 1, for the packaging of bulk materials, comprising:

- a flexible container 2, defined at least by a bottom wall 20 and side walls 21, 22, 23, 24, which form a material storage volume,

- suspension loops 3, 4, flexible, in the upper part of the container intended for lifting.

Said storage device is flexible, and can, in particular, move from a storage position P0, essentially folded until it is completely flat to a position of use P1, essentially by volume.

The walls of the flexible container 2, in particular the bottom wall 20 and the side walls 21, 22, 23, 24 may be made of a polymer fiber fabric, in particular a raw, laminated or even coated fabric (for example PP, HDPE, LLDPE). The container can also receive, as an insert, an inner liner, in a polymer film, and covering the side walls of the container, or even the bottom wall, and in order to improve the tightness of the container.

According to the invention, said suspension loops 3, 4 have a rigidity such that the loops of

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suspension are self-supporting, in the position of use P1, essentially in volume of the storage device. Said suspension loops 3,4 are then extended so that they protrude above the flexible container, advantageously without external assistance, to ensure their maintenance in this position in which they are likely to engage. Said loops, taken together (when connected to their upper part), are self-supporting as they protrude above the flexible container, and are capable of engaging or even disengaging by a lifting system, advantageously without having to be elevated or fixed by an operator

Especially, said suspension loops may be of sufficient size to join at a point that passes through the axis of gravity of the storage device. Therefore, it is easier to join the loops.

Said flexible storage devices may, at least in accordance with one embodiment, be compatible with a packaging machine known as such, and as described above, which subject to the press action, a stack of storage devices flexible 1, folded up to be completely flat, and exerts a force of the order of several tons on the stack, to create a storage device stack, stacked on each other, and held against each other in a compressed state by the links 101 surrounding the stack. In such a case, the inventor pays special attention because said self-supporting, highly rigid suspension loops are compatible with this compression stage, without deterioration thereof.

According to a first embodiment, said suspension loops can be rigid so that, taken individually, each of the suspension loops is kept alone, and forms an upwardly projecting loop, which can be engaged by a system. of elevation.

According to a second embodiment, corresponding to the invention, the stiffness of the suspension loops 3, 4 is such that the retention of the suspension loops that protrude above the flexible container is ensured only once the said loops are connected. suspension loops on their upper part by means of connection 5. Such an embodiment requires a lower stiffness of the suspension loops to ensure their retention (as the first embodiment), because said suspension loops rest against each other. The others on top.

According to the invention, said storage device comprises said connection means 5, possibly flexible, intended to connect, in a removable manner, said suspension loops 3, 4, grouping them in their upper part, in a same Ze hitch area. These suspension loops 3, 4 can thus be hooked together in this zone Ze, by the same member, and for example a hook of a lifting system, and as shown by way of example in fig. 3.

The connection means 5 can thus pass from a closing position Pc that connects said suspension loops to each other to an opening position Pa for which the suspension loops are released.

According to one embodiment, said connection means 5 is fixedly connected to one of the suspension loops 3, 4 in said opening position Pa, thus preventing losses of the connection means in said opening position Pa. The position of said connection means 5 is preferably at the highest point of the suspension loop, and / or in a central part of said suspension loop.

According to one embodiment, the flexible connection means 5 comprises a link, for example textile, in particular made of the same material as the container, which is tied around said suspension loops in said closed position, and unleashed in the open position.

Alternatively, said connection means may comprise an opening / closing system, for example of the type loops / hooks, also called self-grip tape, such as, for example, Velcro® to move from said opening position to the closing position. , or vice versa. Any other opening / closing system, such as fastening means with clips, stapling can be considered. However, its design should preferably be compatible with the implementation of a compression stage of the devices, and as described above.

According to one embodiment, the connection means 5 comprises two independent opening / closing elements 51, 52 (for example two links or two opening systems as previously described), which allow the suspension loops to be joined. 5.7 at two distant points along the suspension loops. Such an embodiment allows the length sections of the suspension loops, located between the elements 51, 52, to be joined together: the engagement zone Ze is then defined by the length sections of the loops 3,4 arranged between these two elements 51, 52. Such an embodiment is illustrated in Figure 10 when the device comprises two suspension loops 3, 4.

In accordance with the invention illustrated in the figures, the suspension loops 3, 4 each comprise a flexible belt 6 (not self-supporting per se), fixed at its two ends to the container 2. This belt 6 has a free length section 60, intermediate, protruding above container 2. Each suspension loop 3,4

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It also comprises an elastic element 7, long-line, made of a semi-rigid material. This elastic element 7 extends along the belt 6 and has a stiffness so that said elastic element cooperates with said belt 6 in order to keep the suspension loop 3, 4 in the self-supporting position. The belt 6 may be made of a material such as polymer fiber.

Said elastic element 7 is provided as an insert in the belt 6. Therefore, and as illustrated in Figure 2, the material of the belt 6 forms a fold, receiving, as an insert, said elastic element 7, the two fold edges are held together, for example by sewing.

According to the invention, said elastic element 7 extends in length, not only along the free length section 60 of said belt, which protrudes, but also along the ends of the belt 6 fixed to the walls sides 21, 22, 23, 24 of the container 2.

According to the invention, said elastic element 7 extends along the ends of the belt 6 fixed to the side walls of the container, preferably following the vertical, and only in a portion of the upper length LS of the container, as Illustrated as a non-limiting example in Figure 4.

Said length portion of the container LS, over which said elastic element extends, can represent between% and A of the height A of the container, such as 1/3 of the height of the container.

According to the inventor, it is a middle ground between, on the one hand, a first objective that aims to obtain a certain rigidity of the suspension loop to obtain retention of the suspension loops that protrude in their position in which it is likely that they are hooked, advantageously without external help, and on the other hand, on the contrary, a second objective to maintain an easily foldable and compressible storage device, in a folded position until it is flat, these two objectives are in themselves contradictory.

Said elastic element 7, semi-rigid, is an elastic longilinear element, which can be made of plastic. Said elastic element is a tubular element, for example cylindrical. The interest of such a tubular element, in comparison with a compact element, is to impart rigidity, by limiting the linear mass of said longilinear element.

This low linear mass can allow the flexible storage device to be self-supporting, namely that not only said suspension loops 3 and 7 are self-supporting in said use position P1, when they are joined together at their upper part, but also the container (then empty), and in particular that said elastic element 7 extends only in the upper length portion LS, said lower portion LI of the container remaining free of such elastic reinforcement.

The other interest of an elastic element 7 in tubular form is that it can be broken (without deterioration) and therefore compressed, when the stacking of flexible storage devices folded up to be completely flat is subjected to the pressure of the packaging device, which can exert a force of several tons on the storage devices and their tubular elastic elements 7. During this compression stage, air escapes from the tubular elastic element through its open ends.

The wall thickness of said tubular element can be comprised between 1.5 mm and 3 mm, such as 2 mm. For example, said elastic element 7 is a cylindrical section element with an internal diameter of 3 mm and an external diameter of 5 mm, preferably plastic.

According to an embodiment that optimizes the filling of the storage surfaces, the bottom wall 20 and the side walls 21, 22, 23, 24 can be essentially rectangular, said storage volume being essentially parallelepiped, in said volume use position of said container. For example, the container can be obtained by assembling five fabrics, which respectively constitute the bottom wall and the four side walls of the container, sewn from edge to edge. According to this embodiment, four essentially horizontal seam lines extend along the four sides of the bottom wall and, respectively, join the bottom wall, on the one hand, and the four side walls, by other part. Four essentially vertical seam lines join the side walls two by two to the four angles A1 A2, A3, A4 of the container.

Alternatively, the parallelepiped shaped container can be obtained by joining three tissues T1, T2, T3, which comprise a first tissue T1 that forms the bottom wall 20 in its central part, and two opposite side walls 21 and 23, its ends, and two tissues T2, T3, which respectively form the other two opposite side walls 22 and 24 of the container. According to this embodiment illustrated in Figure 8, two essentially horizontal seam lines extend along two sides of the first fabric T1 and join the bottom wall and side walls marked 22 and 24. Four lines of Essentially vertical seams join the side walls 21, 22, 23, 24 two by two to the four angles A1 A2, A3, A4 of the container.

According to one embodiment, said suspension loops 3,4 intended for lifting, self-supporting, in the upper part of the container are two. In the case of a parallelepiped shaped container, as has been

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described above, each of the suspension loops 3, 4 connects two consecutive angles A1, A2 (or A3, A4) of the parallelepipedic storage volume at its two ends, to the vertical edges of the container.

In particular, and when the suspension loops 3, 4 each comprise a flexible belt 6 fixed at its two ends to the container, as well as a longilinear elastic element 7, said belt 6 is fixed at its two ends respectively along edges vertical angles A1 and A2 (or A3 and A4) of the container 2, and preferably over most of the height of the container, in particular over the entire height of the container, for example by sewing between the belt 6 and the fabric of the container container 2.

Thus, and in the embodiment of the figures, the belt 6 of the suspension loop 3 is fixed at its two ends, respectively at angles A1 and A2 of the container 2, and preferably along the entire height of the edges, and the Belt 6 of the other suspension loop 4 is fixed at both ends at angles A3 and A4 and preferably at the full height of the edges.

In order to facilitate recycling, the flexible container 2 forms the bottom wall 20 and the side walls 21, 22, 23, 24, as well as said suspension loops 3, 4, comprise, where appropriate, said belts and said elastic elements, including connection means 5, made of the same plastic material.

According to an embodiment, illustrated in a non-limiting manner in Figure 5, the container 2 can comprise a tubular skirt 8 whose outer perimeter is fixed on the upper contour of the side walls, and allows the upper opening of the container to be closed by the placement of a closing link 9.

According to one embodiment, illustrated without limitation in Figure 5, the container 2 may comprise other loops, particularly in particular handling straps, fixed in the lower part of the container. These handling straps 10, 11 facilitate the inclination of the storage device, are filled and placed on the ground, for unloading.

The invention also relates to an assembly 100 in a compressed state, which comprises a plurality of flexible storage devices 1 according to the invention, essentially folded until they are completely flat, stacked on top of each other, and held against each other in a state compressed by links 101 surrounding the stacking of said assembly.

Naturally, other embodiments may have been conceived by the person skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention as defined in the following claims.

NOMENCLATURE

1. Storage device,

2. Flexible container,

3.4. Suspension loops,

5. Means of connection,

6. Belts (suspension loops 3,4),

7. Elastic elements (suspension loops 3,4),

8. Skirt,

9. Closing link (skirt 8),

10. 11. Handling straps,

20. Background wall,

21, 22, 23, 24. Side walls,

51.52. Opening / closing elements (5. Connection means),

Ze. Hitch zone,

60. Free length section (belt 6),

100. Set,

101. Fastening links.

P. Packing device press,

5

P0, P1. Positions, respectively flat and volume of the container,

Pa, Pc. Positions respectively of opening and closing the connection means,

10 LS. Portion of the upper length of the container over which said elastic member, LI, extends. Bottom length portion of the container,

A. Bowl height,

15 A1 A2, A3, A4. Angles of the container at its vertical edges,

T1, T2, T3. Fabrics (figure 8).

Claims (13)

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Storage device (1), for packing bulk materials comprising: - a flexible container (2), defined at least by a bottom wall (20) and side walls (21, 22, 23, 24), which form a material storage volume, - suspension loops (3, 4), flexible in the upper part of the vessel intended for lifting, said storage device (1) is flexible can pass from a storage position (P0), essentially folded until it is completely flat to a position of use (P1) essentially in volume, said suspension loops (3, 4) have a stiffness in such a way that the suspension loops are self-supporting, in said position of use in volume of the container, which extend so that they protrude above the flexible container, the suspension loops (3,4) each comprise a belt (6 ) flexible, fixed at both ends to the container and have an intermediate length section (60), intermediate, protruding above the container (2), as well as an elastic element (7), long-line, made of a semi-rigid material, which extends longitudinally along the belt (6) and having a stiffness so that said elastic element (7) cooperates with said belt (6) in order to ensure the maintenance of the suspension loop ( 3, 4) in a self-supporting position, and wherein said suspension loops (3,4) have sufficient sizes to join at a point that passes through the gravity axis of the storage device, the device comprises a flexible connection means (5), which connects said loops of suspension (3, 4) when grouped in its upper part, in the same hitch zone (Ze), characterized by: said flexible connection means (5) is intended to removably connect said suspension loops (3, 4), said connection means (5) can pass from a closed position (Pc) that connects said suspension loops to each other to an opening position (Pa) for which the suspension loops are loosened, and in which the belt material (6) forms a fold, which receives, as an insert, said elastic element (7), said element Elastic (7) is a longitudinally extending tubular element, not only along the free length section (60) of said intermediate belt, but also along both ends of the belt (6) fixed to the side walls (21, 22, 23, 24) of the container (2), and only in an upper length portion (LS) of the container (2), and wherein the stiffness of the suspension loops is such that the retention of the suspension loops is ensured only once said suspension loops are connected to their upper part by said connection means (5). 2. Device according to claim 1, wherein said connecting means (5) is fixedly connected to one of the suspension loops (3, 4) in said opening position (Pa). 3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein the flexible connection means (5) comprises a link that is tied around said loops in said closed position and untied in the open position. 4. Device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said connecting means comprises an opening / closing system of the type loops / hooks, such as, for example, Velcro® to move from said opening position to the position of closing or vice versa. 5. Device according to claim according to one of claims 1 to 4, wherein said upper portion of the container (LS), over which said elastic element (7) extends between% and A of the height (A) of the container, such as 1/3 of the height of the container. 6. Device according to one of claims 1 to 5, wherein said wall thickness of said tubular element is comprised between 1.5 mm and 3 mm, such as 2 mm. 7. Device according to one of claims 1 to 6, wherein the self-supporting suspension loops (3, 4) are two. Device according to one of claims 1 to 7, wherein the bottom wall (20) and the side walls (21, 22, 23, 24) are essentially rectangular, said storage volume is parallelepipedic. 9. Device according to claim 8, wherein the suspension loops (3, 4) comprise two suspension loops that each connect, at their ends, two consecutive angles (A1, A2 or A3, A4) of the volume of parallelepipedic storage, at the vertical edges of said parallelepipedic container. 10. Device according to one of claims 1 to 9, wherein the capacity of the container is between 0.2 m3 and 2 m3. 11. Device according to one of claims 1 to 10, wherein the flexible container (2) forms the bottom wall and side walls, as well as said suspension loops (3, 4), comprising, where appropriate , said tapes (6) and said elastic elements (7), are made of the same plastic material. 12. Device according to one of claims 1 to 11, wherein the walls of the container are made of a polymer fiber fabric. 13. Device according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the container (2) comprises a tubular skirt (8) whose outer perimeter is fixed on the upper contour of the side walls, and allows closing the 10 upper opening of the container for the placement of a closing link (9). 14. Assembly (100) in a compressed state, comprising a plurality of flexible storage devices (1) according to one of claims 1 to 13, in their essentially folded position until they are completely flat, stacked on top of each other, and held against each other in compressed state by 15 links (101) surrounding the stacking of said set.