ES2643515T3 - Method and system to freeze a piece of land - Google Patents
Method and system to freeze a piece of land Download PDFInfo
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- ES2643515T3 ES2643515T3 ES13177293.1T ES13177293T ES2643515T3 ES 2643515 T3 ES2643515 T3 ES 2643515T3 ES 13177293 T ES13177293 T ES 13177293T ES 2643515 T3 ES2643515 T3 ES 2643515T3
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- probe
- cryogenic gas
- sleeve
- gas
- tube
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
- E02D3/11—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means
- E02D3/115—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil by thermal, electrical or electro-chemical means by freezing
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
- E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
- E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
- E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
- E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
- E02D19/14—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by freezing the soil
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Metodo y sistema para congelar una porcion de terrenoMethod and system to freeze a portion of land
La presente invencion se refiere a un metodo y sistema para congelar una porcion de terreno de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones que se acompanan.The present invention relates to a method and system for freezing a portion of land according to the appended claims.
Los sistemas convencionales para congelar una porcion de terreno son conocidos, permitiendo dichos sistemas la congelacion del agua presente en el terreno para compactarlo, aumentando su resistencia en general y hacerlo impermeable.Conventional systems for freezing a portion of land are known, allowing said systems to freeze the water present in the soil to compact it, increasing its resistance in general and making it impermeable.
Usualmente la congelacion es temporal y permite que los trabajos programados se realicen en unas condiciones seguras. Tales trabajos consisten, por ejemplo, en la construccion de pozos, tuneles, estructuras subterraneas y muros diafragma impermeables.Usually freezing is temporary and allows scheduled jobs to be carried out in safe conditions. Such works consist, for example, in the construction of wells, tunnels, underground structures and waterproof diaphragm walls.
Para este fin se han desarrollado pruebas tales para permitir, por medio de la evaporacion de un gas criogenico licuado contenido dentro de el, por ejemplo nitrogeno, la congelacion de la parte de terreno dentro del cual estan ocultos.For this purpose, tests have been developed to allow, through the evaporation of a liquid cryogenic gas contained within it, for example nitrogen, the freezing of the part of the land within which they are hidden.
La Patente de EEUU 3.943.722 describe un aparato y un metodo de congelacion de un gran volumen de terrenos, consistiendo dicho aparato en una serie de tubos de congelacion inmersos en el terreno, constando cada uno de estos tubos de un tubo conductor y un tubo interior de encabezado.US Patent 3,943,722 describes an apparatus and a method of freezing a large volume of land, said apparatus consisting of a series of freezing tubes immersed in the ground, each of these tubes consisting of a conductive tube and a tube header header.
Las sondas (tambien llamadas sondas de congelacion) usualmente tienen un manguito dentro del gas criogenico licuado en los que el gas criogenico licuado se introduce a traves de los primeros tubos. Tal gas criogenico licuado, despues de evaporar y absorber calor del terreno que rodea la sonda, es a continuacion extraido del manguito por medio de unos segundos tubos.The probes (also called freezing probes) usually have a sleeve inside the liquefied cryogenic gas in which the liquefied cryogenic gas is introduced through the first tubes. Such liquefied cryogenic gas, after evaporating and absorbing heat from the soil surrounding the probe, is then removed from the sleeve by means of a few second tubes.
Los primeros tubos introducen el gas criogenico licuado en una zona del fondo del manguito (y por lo tanto de la sonda).The first tubes introduce liquefied cryogenic gas into an area at the bottom of the sleeve (and therefore the probe).
De esta manera el gas criogenico licuado es propulsado desde el fondo del manguito hacia una parte superior de dicho fondo, llenandolo. Con objeto de definir el nivel de llenado maximo del manguito se dispone un segundo tubo para permitir la evacuacion del gas criogenico que, despues de liberar el frio, pasa del estado liquido al estado gaseoso.In this way the liquefied cryogenic gas is propelled from the bottom of the sleeve towards an upper part of said bottom, filling it. In order to define the maximum filling level of the sleeve, a second tube is provided to allow the evacuation of the cryogenic gas which, after releasing the cold, passes from the liquid state to the gaseous state.
Con el fin de permitir la introduccion del gas criogenico dentro de la sonda los primeros tubos permiten la conexion de un tanque de almacenamiento criogenico al manguito.In order to allow the introduction of cryogenic gas into the probe, the first tubes allow the connection of a cryogenic storage tank to the sleeve.
Ventajosamente, dichos tubos tienen al menos una valvula para permitir la variacion de la tasa de flujo del gas criogenico licuado que fluye a lo largo del tubo.Advantageously, said tubes have at least one valve to allow variation in the flow rate of the liquefied cryogenic gas flowing along the tube.
El gas criogenico extraido en el estado gaseoso de la sonda puede ser llevado por el segundo tubo a un aparato para la dispersion, a la atmosfera, del gas criogenico en el estado gaseoso. El segundo tubo, similar al primer tubo, tiene al menos una valvula destinada, por ejemplo, a variar la tasa de flujo del nitrogeno que fluye a lo largo del segundo tubo.The cryogenic gas extracted in the gaseous state of the probe can be carried by the second tube to an apparatus for the dispersion, to the atmosphere, of the cryogenic gas in the gaseous state. The second tube, similar to the first tube, has at least one valve intended, for example, to vary the flow rate of the nitrogen flowing along the second tube.
La solucion del tipo antes mencionado tiene, no obstante, varias desventajas asociadas con una configuracion ineficiente de los tubos primero y segundo y por lo tanto un ineficiente intercambio de calor entre el gas criogenico licuado y el terreno que rodea la sonda.The solution of the aforementioned type has, however, several disadvantages associated with an inefficient configuration of the first and second tubes and therefore an inefficient heat exchange between the liquefied cryogenic gas and the ground surrounding the probe.
El objeto de la presente invencion es por tanto proporcionar un sistema para congelar una porcion de terreno que sea capaz de resolver dichos problemas.The object of the present invention is therefore to provide a system for freezing a portion of land that is capable of solving said problems.
En otras palabras, el objeto de la presente invencion es proporcionar un sistema capaz de mejorar el intercambio de calor entre el gas criogenico licuado y el terreno que rodea la sonda.In other words, the object of the present invention is to provide a system capable of improving heat exchange between liquefied cryogenic gas and the soil surrounding the probe.
Estos y otros objetos que estaran claros para una persona experta en la tecnica se consiguen mediante un sistema para congelar una porcion de terreno, dispuesto de acuerdo con las reivindicaciones anejas.These and other objects that will be clear to a person skilled in the art are achieved by a system for freezing a portion of land, arranged in accordance with the appended claims.
La presente invencion se comprendera mas claramente con referencia a las figuras anejas proporcionadas solamente a modo de un ejemplo no limitativo. En dichas figuras:The present invention will be more clearly understood with reference to the attached figures provided only by way of a non-limiting example. In these figures:
la Figura 1 muestra una vista esquematica de un sistema para congelar un terreno de acuerdo con la presente invencion;Figure 1 shows a schematic view of a system for freezing a land according to the present invention;
la Figura 2 muestra una vista de la seccion recta de un detalle del sistema de acuerdo con la Figura 1; la Figura 3 muestra una vista en perspectiva de un detalle adicional del sistema de acuerdo con la Figura 1.Figure 2 shows a view of the straight section of a detail of the system according to Figure 1; Figure 3 shows a perspective view of an additional detail of the system according to Figure 1.
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Con referencia a dichas figuras, el numero de referencia 1 indica un sistema para congelar una porcion 15 del terreno.With reference to said figures, reference number 1 indicates a system for freezing a portion 15 of the land.
El sistema 1 generalmente tiene al menos una sonda 3 que esta oculta dentro del terreno 15 que rodea la sonda 3 antes mencionada por medio de un extremo insertable 3a de ella, estando dicha sonda 3 conectada para suministrar un medio 5 para suministrar un gas criogenico licuado a la sonda 3. En particular, dichos medios 5 de suministro son capaces de entregar dicho gas criogenico licuado dentro de la sonda 3.The system 1 generally has at least one probe 3 that is hidden within the terrain 15 surrounding the aforementioned probe 3 by means of an insertable end 3a thereof, said probe 3 being connected to supply a means 5 to supply a liquefied cryogenic gas to probe 3. In particular, said supply means 5 are capable of delivering said liquefied cryogenic gas into probe 3.
De acuerdo con la realizacion mostrada en la Figura 1 el sistema 1 comprende dos sondas 3 y 3’. En una realizacion adicional el sistema 1 puede tener una pluralidad de pruebas cuyo numero esta definido dependiendo del fin predefinido.According to the embodiment shown in Figure 1, system 1 comprises two probes 3 and 3 ’. In a further embodiment, system 1 may have a plurality of tests whose number is defined depending on the predefined end.
El medio de suministro 5 antes mencionado comprende un tanque 9 de unas dimensiones apropiadas para asegurar que el sistema 1 se mantenga constantemente suministrado. Para esto, el tanque 9 puede tener unos medios para detectar y/o calcular y/o indicar a los otros dispositivos la tasa de flujo de entrega instantanea y/o media.The above-mentioned supply means 5 comprises a tank 9 of appropriate dimensions to ensure that the system 1 remains constantly supplied. For this, the tank 9 may have means to detect and / or calculate and / or indicate to the other devices the instantaneous and / or average delivery flow rate.
Alternativamente, tales medios de suministro 5 pueden comprender cualquier fuente de gas criogenico licuado apropiada para el fin.Alternatively, such delivery means 5 may comprise any source of liquefied cryogenic gas suitable for the purpose.
El medio de suministro 5 comprende tambien un tubo de suministro 6 que tiene un primer extremo 6a conectado al tanque 9.The supply means 5 also comprises a supply tube 6 having a first end 6a connected to the tank 9.
Tal tubo de suministro 6 esta tambien conectado a la sonda 3 por medio de un segundo extremo 6b (con el fin de llenarlo con gas criogenico en forma liquida).Such supply tube 6 is also connected to the probe 3 by means of a second end 6b (in order to fill it with cryogenic gas in liquid form).
Cada sonda (Figura 2) usualmente comprende un manguito 13 dentro del cual se introduce el gas criogenico licuado, por ejemplo nitrogeno. El manguito 13 permite que el gas criogenico licuado sea mantenido separado del terreno 15 en el que esta insertada la sonda 3.Each probe (Figure 2) usually comprises a sleeve 13 into which the liquefied cryogenic gas is introduced, for example nitrogen. The sleeve 13 allows liquefied cryogenic gas to be kept separate from the ground 15 in which the probe 3 is inserted.
Con el gas criogenico licuado es posible reducir la temperatura del terreno hasta, por ejemplo, una temperatura en la zona de -10 0C (temperatura detectada en el terreno 15 que rodea la sonda 3). Con esta temperatura es posible obtener sustancialmente un muro de terreno congelado que permita que los trabajos sean realizados a una profundidad sin la presencia de infiltracion de agua. Dichos trabajos consisten, por ejemplo, en la construccion de pozos, tuneles, estructuras subterraneas y muros de diafragma impermeables. La operacion de congelacion se basa en el principio de que el gas criogenico licuado introducido dentro de la sonda 3 absorbe calor del terreno 15, evaporando y al mismo tiempo reduciendo la temperatura del terreno 15.With liquefied cryogenic gas it is possible to reduce the temperature of the soil to, for example, a temperature in the area of -10 ° C (temperature detected in the soil 15 surrounding the probe 3). With this temperature it is possible to obtain substantially a frozen ground wall that allows the work to be carried out at a depth without the presence of water infiltration. Such works consist, for example, in the construction of wells, tunnels, underground structures and waterproof diaphragm walls. The freezing operation is based on the principle that the liquefied cryogenic gas introduced into the probe 3 absorbs heat from the soil 15, evaporating and at the same time reducing the temperature of the soil 15.
El gas criogenico en el estado gaseoso presente dentro de la sonda 3 es evacuado por medio de un tubo de succion 7.The cryogenic gas in the gaseous state present within the probe 3 is evacuated by means of a suction tube 7.
El manguito 13 tiene generalmente una forma tubular cerrada en al menos un primer extremo 13a correspondiente al extremo insertable 3a de la sonda 3 con el fin de contener el gas criogenico licuado. El manguito 13 tiene preferiblemente una seccion recta de forma redondeada. La forma tubular del manguito 13 es para definir al menos una pared lateral 14 de la sonda.The sleeve 13 generally has a tubular shape closed at at least one first end 13a corresponding to the insertable end 3a of the probe 3 in order to contain the liquefied cryogenic gas. The sleeve 13 preferably has a straight section of rounded shape. The tubular shape of the sleeve 13 is to define at least one side wall 14 of the probe.
El manguito 13 en un segundo extremo 13b, opuesto al primer extremo 13a, tiene una tapa 17 que cierra hermeticamente el manguito 13 de la sonda 3. De acuerdo con lo mostrado, el segundo extremo 13b del manguito 13 no esta oculto en el terreno 15, sino que esta situado fuera del terreno 15 antes mencionado.The sleeve 13 at a second end 13b, opposite the first end 13a, has a lid 17 that tightly closes the sleeve 13 of the probe 3. As shown, the second end 13b of the sleeve 13 is not hidden in the ground 15 , but is located outside of the aforementioned land 15.
La sonda 3 se extiende a lo largo de un eje longitudinal X definido por la forma tubular de la misma sonda 3.The probe 3 extends along a longitudinal axis X defined by the tubular shape of the same probe 3.
La sonda 3 puede ser insertada en el terreno 15 de tal manera que, durante el uso, el eje longitudinal X este dispuesto verticalmente.The probe 3 can be inserted into the ground 15 so that, during use, the longitudinal axis X is arranged vertically.
En la zona de la tapa 17, preferiblemente en la tapa 17 propiamente dicha, esta dispuesta una primera abertura 21 para alojar y asegurar hermeticamente el tubo 6 de suministro a la sonda 3.In the area of the lid 17, preferably in the lid 17 itself, a first opening 21 is arranged to house and securely secure the supply tube 6 to the probe 3.
De la misma manera que para la primera abertura 21, en la zona de la tapa 17, preferiblemente sobre la tapa 17 propiamente dicha, una segunda abertura 23 esta dispuesta para alojar y asegurar hermeticamente el tubo de succion 7.In the same way as for the first opening 21, in the area of the lid 17, preferably on the lid 17 itself, a second opening 23 is arranged to house and securely secure the suction tube 7.
El tubo de suministro 6 esta alojado dentro de la primera abertura 21 y se extiende al menos parcialmente dentro de la sonda 3. La porcion del tubo de suministro 6 situada dentro de la sonda 3 se denomina “tubo de dispensacion 33”. Dicho tubo de dispensacion 33 se extiende al menos parcialmente paralelo al eje X.The supply tube 6 is housed within the first opening 21 and extends at least partially within the probe 3. The portion of the supply tube 6 located within the probe 3 is called "dispensing tube 33". Said dispensing tube 33 extends at least partially parallel to the X axis.
El gas criogenico licuado se introduce dentro del manguito 13 por medio de la gravedad a traves de un dispositivo de dispensacion 31 situado en un segundo extremo 6b del tubo de suministro 6 de la sonda 3. El segundo extremo 6b del tubo de suministro 6 corresponde a un libre y frente al extremo 3a de la sonda 3.The liquefied cryogenic gas is introduced into the sleeve 13 by means of gravity through a dispensing device 31 located at a second end 6b of the supply tube 6 of the probe 3. The second end 6b of the supply tube 6 corresponds to a free and facing the end 3a of the probe 3.
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El dispositivo de dispensacion 31 tiene una boca dispensadora 35 a traves de la cual el gas criogenico licuado puede ser pulverizado sobre la pared lateral 14 de la sonda 3, encima de la cabeza de lfquido generado por el gas criogenico licuado presente dentro de la sonda 3 en el primer extremo 13a. Tambien, dicho dispositivo dispensador 31 permite la pulverizacion del gas criogenico licuado hacia el extremo 3a de la sonda 3.The dispensing device 31 has a dispensing mouth 35 through which the liquefied cryogenic gas can be sprayed on the side wall 14 of the probe 3, above the liquid head generated by the liquefied cryogenic gas present within the probe 3 at the first end 13a. Also, said dispensing device 31 allows the spraying of the liquid cryogenic gas towards the end 3a of the probe 3.
Ventajosamente, con el fin de pulverizar el gas criogenico licuado, la boca dispensadora 35 puede estar, por ejemplo, dividida en una pluralidad de aberturas (no mostradas en las figuras) definidas por medio de una placa o lamina perforadas (no mostradas en las figuras). Alternativamente puede tener una tobera con una forma tal para permitir la pulverizacion del gas criogenico licuado o tambien otros medios apropiados para este fin.Advantageously, in order to spray the liquefied cryogenic gas, the dispensing mouth 35 may, for example, be divided into a plurality of openings (not shown in the figures) defined by means of a perforated plate or sheet (not shown in the figures) ). Alternatively, it can have a nozzle with such a shape to allow the spraying of the liquefied cryogenic gas or other suitable means for this purpose.
Modificando la tasa de flujo del gas criogenico licuado suministrado a la sonda 3 es por lo tanto posible limitar el intercambio de calor en el primer extremo 13a del manguito 13, favoreciendo en cambio el intercambio de calor en una porcion intermedia 18 del manguito 13 situada entre dicho primer extremo 13a y dicho segundo extremo 13b.By changing the flow rate of the liquefied cryogenic gas supplied to the probe 3 it is therefore possible to limit the heat exchange at the first end 13a of the sleeve 13, favoring instead the heat exchange at an intermediate portion 18 of the sleeve 13 located between said first end 13a and said second end 13b.
La sonda 3 comprende una capa de material aislante 36 situada exteriormente al manguito 13 y que se adhiere al manguito 13 propiamente dicho.The probe 3 comprises a layer of insulating material 36 located externally to the sleeve 13 and which adheres to the sleeve 13 itself.
En particular, la capa de material aislante 36 reviste una parte superior de la sonda 3. En otras palabras, la capa de material aislante 36 tiene un primer extremo 36a situado entre la boca dispensadora 35 y una boca de succion 47 situadas a lo largo de una porcion 7a del primer extremo del tubo de succion 7 y un segundo extremo 36b de la capa de material aislante 36 situado en el extremo 3b de la sonda 3.In particular, the layer of insulating material 36 covers an upper part of the probe 3. In other words, the layer of insulating material 36 has a first end 36a located between the dispensing mouth 35 and a suction mouth 47 located along a portion 7a of the first end of the suction tube 7 and a second end 36b of the layer of insulating material 36 located at the end 3b of the probe 3.
Con esta solucion es posible iniciar una fase de mantenimiento (cuyo significado se clarificara mas adelante) en el primer extremo 13a del manguito 13 y al mismo tiempo continuar la congelacion del fondo 15 que rodea una porcion intermedia del manguito 13.With this solution it is possible to start a maintenance phase (the meaning of which will be clarified later) at the first end 13a of the sleeve 13 and at the same time continue the freezing of the bottom 15 surrounding an intermediate portion of the sleeve 13.
Dicha boca dispensadora 35 esta situada a una distancia H1 del primer extremo 13a del manguito 13. Esta distancia H1 define la altura del borde frontal frfo que ha de obtenerse en el terreno que rodea la sonda 3. El valor de la distancia H1 tambien se ha determinado para generar el borde frontal frfo que ha de obtenerse en el terreno que rodea la sonda 3.Said dispensing mouth 35 is located at a distance H1 from the first end 13a of the sleeve 13. This distance H1 defines the height of the cold front edge to be obtained in the terrain surrounding the probe 3. The value of the distance H1 has also been determined to generate the cold front edge to be obtained in the terrain surrounding the probe 3.
Ademas, la boca dispensadora 35 esta situada a una distancia H2 de la boca de succion 47. Esta distancia H2 es, por ejemplo, igual a aproximadamente 1 metro y se mide en la direccion definida por el eje longitudinal X.In addition, the dispensing mouth 35 is located at a distance H2 from the suction mouth 47. This distance H2 is, for example, equal to about 1 meter and is measured in the direction defined by the longitudinal axis X.
Encima de la cabeza de lfquido, y en particular entre la boca dispensadora 35 y la boca de succion 47, se produce una fase mixta lfquido/gas que consta del gas criogenico en el estado gaseoso y una suspension de pequenas gotas en el estado lfquido. En particular, una fase sustancialmente gaseosa esta presente en la proximidad de la boca de succion 47.Above the liquid head, and in particular between the dispensing mouth 35 and the suction mouth 47, a mixed liquid / gas phase is produced consisting of the cryogenic gas in the gaseous state and a suspension of small drops in the liquid state. In particular, a substantially gaseous phase is present in the vicinity of the suction mouth 47.
Esta boca de succion 47 define un tfmite superior de congelacion del terreno 15. Dicho lfmite superior de congelacion del terreno 15 define a su vez una altura h por encima de la cual, dentro del manguito 13, no hay gas criogenico en el estado lfquido. Esta altura se determina a priori dependiendo de la altura a la que el terreno 15 va a ser congelado.This suction mouth 47 defines an upper freezing limit of the land 15. Said upper freezing limit of the land 15 in turn defines a height h above which, within the sleeve 13, there is no cryogenic gas in the liquid state. This height is determined a priori depending on the height at which the terrain 15 is going to be frozen.
El tubo de entrega 6 tiene una primera valvula 37 situada en el extremo 13b de la sonda 3, en particular aguas arriba de la primera abertura 21. La primera valvula 37 permite o interrumpe el suministro del gas criogenico licuado dentro del tubo 6 de suministro antes mencionado.The delivery tube 6 has a first valve 37 located at the end 13b of the probe 3, in particular upstream of the first opening 21. The first valve 37 allows or interrupts the supply of the liquefied cryogenic gas into the supply tube 6 before mentioned.
Ventajosamente, un primer ramal 39 puede estar presente a lo largo de una porcion 38 del tubo de suministro 6 situado entre la primera abertura 21 y la primera valvula 37.Advantageously, a first branch 39 may be present along a portion 38 of the supply tube 6 located between the first opening 21 and the first valve 37.
El ramal 39 conecta la antes mencionada porcion 38 al tubo de succion 7 conectado a una sonda 3’ contigua a la sonda 3.The branch 39 connects the aforementioned portion 38 to the suction tube 7 connected to a probe 3 ’adjacent to the probe 3.
El tubo de suministro 6 tiene al menos una valvula 75 para interrumpir el flujo del gas criogenico licuado si las emisiones atmosfericas de dicho sistema 1 no cumplieran con los lfmites de oxigenacion estipulados por las reglamentaciones de seguridad medioambiental.The supply tube 6 has at least one valve 75 to interrupt the flow of liquefied cryogenic gas if the atmospheric emissions of said system 1 did not comply with the oxygenation limits stipulated by environmental safety regulations.
Dicho tubo de suministro 6 tiene tambien al menos un ramal 46. Dicho segundo ramal 46 permite que todas las sondas que formen parte del sistema 1 sean suministradas simultaneamente.Said supply tube 6 also has at least one branch 46. Said second branch 46 allows all probes that are part of the system 1 to be supplied simultaneously.
El tubo de succion 7 permite que el manguito 13 sea conectado a al menos un aparato 11 para dispersion en la atmosfera del gas criogenico en forma gaseosa.The suction tube 7 allows the sleeve 13 to be connected to at least one apparatus 11 for dispersion in the atmosphere of the cryogenic gas in gaseous form.
Una porcion 7a del primer extremo del tubo de succion 7 esta alojada y asegurada hermeticamente dentro de la segunda abertura 23 presente en el segundo extremo 13b del manguito 13.A portion 7a of the first end of the suction tube 7 is housed and tightly secured within the second opening 23 present in the second end 13b of the sleeve 13.
En una forma similar al tubo de dispensacion 33 la porcion 7a del primer extremo del tubo de succion 7 se extiende al menos parcialmente dentro del manguito 13. Esta porcion 7a del primer extremo situada dentro del manguito 13In a manner similar to the dispensing tube 33, the portion 7a of the first end of the suction tube 7 extends at least partially within the sleeve 13. This portion 7a of the first end located within the sleeve 13
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se denomina normalmente como “tubo de inmersion 45”. El tubo de inmersion 45 corresponde a la porcion 7a del primer extremo.It is normally referred to as "immersion tube 45". The immersion tube 45 corresponds to the portion 7a of the first end.
El tubo de inmersion 45 en una forma similar al tubo de dispensacion 33 se extiende al menos parcialmente paralelo al eje longitudinal X.The immersion tube 45 in a manner similar to the dispensing tube 33 extends at least partially parallel to the longitudinal axis X.
Un extremo 45a del tubo de inmersion 45 dentro de la sonda esta provisto de la boca de succion 47 por medio de la cual el gas criogenico es retirado del manguito 13. Esta boca de succion 47 esta situada a una distancia h definida entre la boca de succion 47 y el extremo 3a de la sonda 3. En particular, la boca de succion 47 esta situada a una altura por encima de la boca de dispensacion 35 (cuando el eje X de la sonda esta dispuesto verticalmente). De esta manera el gas criogenico evaporado presente dentro del manguito 13, en particular encima de la superficie libre del gas criogenico licuado, puede ser extraido del manguito 13 propiamente dicho con el fin de ser dispersado en la atmosfera.One end 45a of the immersion tube 45 within the probe is provided with the suction mouth 47 by means of which the cryogenic gas is removed from the sleeve 13. This suction mouth 47 is located at a defined distance h between the mouth of suction 47 and the end 3a of the probe 3. In particular, the suction mouth 47 is located at a height above the dispensing mouth 35 (when the X axis of the probe is arranged vertically). In this way the evaporated cryogenic gas present inside the sleeve 13, in particular above the free surface of the liquefied cryogenic gas, can be extracted from the sleeve 13 itself in order to be dispersed in the atmosphere.
Para esto, el tubo de succion 7 permite la transferencia del gas criogenico en el estado gaseoso desde la sonda 3 al aparato 11. La transferencia del gas criogenico en el estado gaseoso desde la sonda 3 al aparato 11 tiene lugar como resultado de la reducida presion presente entre el tanque 9 (dentro del cual el gas criogenico es usualmente mantenido a una presion de al menos 2 bares) y la presion atmosferica. Este aparato 11 tiene al menos un conducto de humos 49 de descarga conectado apropiadamente a al menos un ventilador 51. Los ventiladores 51 introducen aire en una base 53 de los conductos de humos 49 de descarga. Por lo tanto, los ventiladores 51 permiten que el gas criogenico se mezcle con el aire con el fin de reducir la concentracion y aumentar su temperatura, antes de que dicho gas criogenico sea dispersado en la atmosfera. Esta operacion de mezcla permite que el gas criogenico sea dispersado en la atmosfera manteniendo los parametros previstos por las reglamentaciones de proteccion medioambiental.For this, the suction tube 7 allows the transfer of the cryogenic gas in the gaseous state from the probe 3 to the apparatus 11. The transfer of the cryogenic gas in the gaseous state from the probe 3 to the apparatus 11 takes place as a result of the reduced pressure present between the tank 9 (in which the cryogenic gas is usually maintained at a pressure of at least 2 bars) and the atmospheric pressure. This apparatus 11 has at least one flue duct 49 suitably connected to at least one fan 51. The fans 51 introduce air into a base 53 of the flue ducts 49. Therefore, the fans 51 allow the cryogenic gas to mix with the air in order to reduce the concentration and increase its temperature, before said cryogenic gas is dispersed in the atmosphere. This mixing operation allows the cryogenic gas to be dispersed in the atmosphere while maintaining the parameters provided by the environmental protection regulations.
Los conductos de humos 49, junto con una porcion pasada por un flujo de aire generado por los ventiladores 51, tienen una abertura (no mostrada en las figuras) para alojar y asegurar hermeticamente un segundo extremo 7b del tubo de succion 7. Por medio de dicha abertura, cuando los ventiladores 51 estan activados, es posible generar dentro del tubo de succion 7 un vacio para extraer el gas criogenico presente dentro del manguito 13.The smoke ducts 49, together with a portion passed through an air flow generated by the fans 51, have an opening (not shown in the figures) to house and securely secure a second end 7b of the suction tube 7. By means of said opening, when the fans 51 are activated, it is possible to generate inside the suction tube 7 a vacuum to extract the cryogenic gas present inside the sleeve 13.
Ventajosamente, un conducto de humos 49 de descarga puede tener dos ventiladores 51 con una tasa de flujo de aire diferente. Con esta solucion es posible regular la tasa de flujo del aire introducido en un unico conducto de humos 49 dependiendo del valor de la tasa de flujo del gas criogenico que fluye a lo largo del segundo tubo 7.Advantageously, a discharge flue 49 can have two fans 51 with a different air flow rate. With this solution it is possible to regulate the flow rate of the air introduced into a single flue pipe 49 depending on the value of the flow rate of the cryogenic gas flowing along the second tube 7.
Los conductos de humos 49 de descarga en la proximidad de su porcion superior pueden tener sondas para detectar la temperatura de los vapores emitidos desde los conductos de humos 49 de descarga antes mencionados.The flue ducts 49 in the vicinity of their upper portion may have probes to detect the temperature of the vapors emitted from the flue ducts 49 mentioned above.
Ventajosamente, al menos un sensor de baja oxigenacion medioambiental (no mostrado en las figuras) puede estar dispuesto en la proximidad de dicho aparato 11. En el caso en que el aire en la proximidad de los conductos de descarga 49 tenga una concentracion superior a un umbral predeterminado, dicho sensor medioambiental activa una senal de alarma, por ejemplo una senal acustica y/o visual. Ademas, cuando dicho se exceda dicho umbral predeterminado, dicho sensor es capaz de enviar una senal para cerrar la valvula 75 que interrumpe el suministro de gas criogenico licuado a las sondas.Advantageously, at least one low environmental oxygenation sensor (not shown in the figures) may be arranged in the vicinity of said apparatus 11. In the case where the air in the vicinity of the discharge ducts 49 has a concentration greater than one predetermined threshold, said environmental sensor activates an alarm signal, for example an acoustic and / or visual signal. In addition, when said predetermined threshold is exceeded, said sensor is capable of sending a signal to close the valve 75 that interrupts the supply of liquefied cryogenic gas to the probes.
El tubo de succion 7 tiene una primera valvula 57 situada en el extremo 3a de la sonda 3, en particular aguas abajo de la segunda abertura 23. Dicha primera valvula 57 permite o interrumpe el flujo del gas criogenico dentro del tubo de succion 7 antes mencionado, en particular la transferencia de un gas criogenico desde el manguito 13 al aparato 11.The suction tube 7 has a first valve 57 located at the end 3a of the probe 3, in particular downstream of the second opening 23. Said first valve 57 allows or interrupts the flow of cryogenic gas into the aforementioned suction tube 7 , in particular the transfer of a cryogenic gas from the sleeve 13 to the apparatus 11.
Un tercer ramal 61 esta generalmente situado a lo largo de una primera porcion 59 del tubo de succion 7 situada entre la segunda abertura 23 y la primera valvula 57. Dicho tercer ramal 61 es capaz de alojar al menos un sensor para detectar la temperatura 63 del gas criogenico presente en el manguito 13.A third branch 61 is generally located along a first portion 59 of the suction tube 7 located between the second opening 23 and the first valve 57. Said third branch 61 is capable of accommodating at least one sensor to detect the temperature 63 of the cryogenic gas present in the sleeve 13.
Un cuarto ramal 67 esta presente a lo largo de una segunda porcion 65 del tubo de succion 7, entre la primera valvula 57 y el sensor 63 de deteccion de temperatura, permitiendo dicho ramal la division de un flujo de gas criogenico dirigido desde el manguito 13 al aparato 11. La porcion del gas criogenico que pasa a traves del cuarto ramal 67 puede asi ser transferida a una segunda sonda 3’ contigua a la sonda 3, con el fin de reciclar el gas criogenico antes mencionado a dicha segunda sonda 3’. En particular, el gas es transferido a la segunda sonda 3’ por medio del quinto ramal 39’ a lo largo del cual hay una quinta valvula 73 para permitir o interrumpir el flujo del gas criogenico. Esta solucion se usa si el gas criogenico que abandona el manguito 13 fuera capaz todavia de absorber el calor procedente del terreno 15. De esta manera es posible realizar el reciclado del gas criogenico.A fourth branch 67 is present along a second portion 65 of the suction tube 7, between the first valve 57 and the temperature sensing sensor 63, said branch allowing the division of a cryogenic gas flow directed from the sleeve 13 to the apparatus 11. The portion of the cryogenic gas passing through the fourth branch 67 can thus be transferred to a second probe 3 'adjacent to the probe 3, in order to recycle the cryogenic gas mentioned above to said second probe 3'. In particular, the gas is transferred to the second probe 3 'by means of the fifth branch 39' along which there is a fifth valve 73 to allow or interrupt the flow of cryogenic gas. This solution is used if the cryogenic gas leaving the sleeve 13 is still capable of absorbing heat from the ground 15. In this way it is possible to recycle the cryogenic gas.
Por medio del cuarto ramal 67 es por tanto posible conectar la sonda 3 a la segunda sonda 3’ que sigue para definir, como se ha mencionado anteriormente, el reciclado del gas criogenico. Esta configuracion permite que una pluralidad de sondas sea conectadas conjuntamente.By means of the fourth branch 67 it is therefore possible to connect the probe 3 to the second probe 3 ’which follows to define, as mentioned above, the recycling of cryogenic gas. This configuration allows a plurality of probes to be connected together.
Ventajosamente el manguito 13 en el extremo 13b puede tener ademas una abertura o ramal 69. Dicha abertura o ramal 69 adicional permite, por ejemplo, la conexion de un instrumento (no mostrado en las figuras) para medir laAdvantageously, the sleeve 13 at the end 13b may also have an opening or branch 69. Said additional opening or branch 69 allows, for example, the connection of an instrument (not shown in the figures) to measure the
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presion presente dentro del manguito 13 de la sonda 3. Por medio de dicha medicion es posible definir un gradiente de presion y realizar una estimacion de la energfa frfa intercambiada entre el gas criogenico licuado y el terreno 15.pressure present inside the sleeve 13 of the probe 3. By means of said measurement it is possible to define a pressure gradient and estimate the cold energy exchanged between the liquefied cryogenic gas and the soil 15.
Ademas, una valvula de seguridad 71 (comunmente llamada PSV) para proteger la integridad mecanica del manguito 13 y el tubo de succion 7 frente al riesgo de sobrepresion esta presente en la zona del tubo de inmersion 45 o en el extremo 13b del manguito 13.In addition, a safety valve 71 (commonly called PSV) to protect the mechanical integrity of the sleeve 13 and the suction tube 7 against the risk of overpressure is present in the area of the immersion tube 45 or at the end 13b of the sleeve 13.
Unos sensores adicionales (no mostrados en las figuras) estan tambien dispuestos para detectar la temperatura del terreno 15. Dichos sensores adicionales permiten la deteccion continua de la temperatura del terreno 15 y al mismo tiempo proporcionan indicaciones sobre el estado actual del terreno 15 que va a ser congelado. De esta forma es posible tener una indicacion de la eficiencia de la operacion del sistema 1 de congelacion.Additional sensors (not shown in the figures) are also arranged to detect the temperature of the terrain 15. Such additional sensors allow continuous detection of the temperature of the terrain 15 and at the same time provide indications on the current state of the terrain 15 which is going to be frozen In this way it is possible to have an indication of the efficiency of the operation of the freezing system 1.
Ventajosamente, una pluralidad de sensores de deteccion de la temperatura (no mostrados en las figuras) que pueden estar insertados en el terreno 15 estan dispuestos verticalmente alineados entre sf en el terreno antes mencionado 15 que rodea la sonda 3 y en contacto directo con la sonda propiamente dicha. De este modo es posible obtener una indicacion del nivel del gas criogenico licuado presente dentro del manguito 13.Advantageously, a plurality of temperature sensing sensors (not shown in the figures) that may be inserted in the terrain 15 are arranged vertically aligned with each other in the aforementioned terrain 15 surrounding the probe 3 and in direct contact with the probe proper. In this way it is possible to obtain an indication of the level of the liquid cryogenic gas present inside the sleeve 13.
Un metodo para congelar el terreno 15 forma tambien parte de la presente invencion.A method for freezing the land 15 is also part of the present invention.
Dicho metodo para congelar el terreno 15 consiste en proporcionar el sistema 1 de acuerdo con la disposicion mostrada en la Figura 1, ocultando al menos una sonda 3 en el terreno 15 antes mencionado.Said method for freezing the terrain 15 consists in providing the system 1 according to the arrangement shown in Figure 1, hiding at least one probe 3 in the aforementioned terrain 15.
El gas criogenico, por medio de los medios de suministro 5, es introducido dentro de la sonda 3 con el fin de obtener calor del terreno 15 que rodea la sonda 3 antes mencionada, por evaporacion.The cryogenic gas, by means of the supply means 5, is introduced into the probe 3 in order to obtain heat from the soil 15 surrounding the aforementioned probe 3, by evaporation.
En particular, cuando el gas criogenico licuado es emitido desde la boca de dispersion 35, dicho gas criogenico lfquido es pulverizado sobre al menos una pared lateral 14 de la sonda 3 y/o hacia un extremo oculto 3a de la sonda 3.In particular, when the liquefied cryogenic gas is emitted from the dispersion mouth 35, said liquid cryogenic gas is sprayed onto at least one side wall 14 of the probe 3 and / or to a hidden end 3a of the probe 3.
El gas criogenico es evacuado a continuacion desde la sonda 3 por medio del tubo de succion 7 que transfiere el gas criogenico antes mencionado al sistema para dispersion de los gases en la atmosfera 11.The cryogenic gas is then evacuated from the probe 3 by means of the suction tube 7 that transfers the aforementioned cryogenic gas to the system for dispersion of the gases in the atmosphere 11.
Esto es seguido por una fase de mantenimiento durante la cual se mantiene la temperatura alcanzada durante la congelacion. La temperatura antes mencionada es mantenida por medio de unos ciclos apropiados para la inyeccion del gas criogenico licuado en la sonda 3. Estos ciclos de inyeccion se realizan usando unas tasas de flujo del gas criogenico licuado que son inferiores (que las usadas durante la congelacion) o suministrando gas criogenico licuado discontinuamente.This is followed by a maintenance phase during which the temperature reached during freezing is maintained. The aforementioned temperature is maintained by means of appropriate cycles for the injection of the liquefied cryogenic gas into the probe 3. These injection cycles are performed using flow rates of the liquefied cryogenic gas that are lower (than those used during freezing) or supplying discontinued liquefied cryogenic gas.
Finalmente, una vez que se han completado los trabajos se realiza un paso de descongelacion. Este paso tiene previsto interrumpir la inyeccion de gas criogenico licuado a la sonda 3. Este paso consiste en simplemente monitorizar la temperatura del terreno 15 con el fin de comprobar cuando dichas temperaturas han vuelto a un nivel por encima de cero grados.Finally, once the work has been completed, a defrosting step is performed. This step is intended to interrupt the injection of liquefied cryogenic gas to the probe 3. This step consists in simply monitoring the temperature of the soil 15 in order to check when said temperatures have returned to a level above zero degrees.
La presente invencion consigue el objeto indicado ya que el gas criogenico licuado, el cual es pulverizado al menos sobre una pared lateral de la sonda y/o hacia el extremo insertable de la sonda propiamente dicha, permite obtener un mejor intercambio de calor con el terreno que rodea la sonda en comparacion con la tecnica anterior.The present invention achieves the indicated object since the liquefied cryogenic gas, which is sprayed at least on a side wall of the probe and / or towards the insertable end of the probe itself, allows to obtain a better heat exchange with the ground surrounding the probe compared to the prior art.
Claims (6)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ITMI20121284 | 2012-07-24 | ||
| IT001284A ITMI20121284A1 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2012-07-24 | METHOD AND PLANT FOR FREEZING A PORTION OF A SOIL |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2643515T3 true ES2643515T3 (en) | 2017-11-23 |
Family
ID=46800273
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES13177293.1T Active ES2643515T3 (en) | 2012-07-24 | 2013-07-19 | Method and system to freeze a piece of land |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2690222B2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2643515T3 (en) |
| IT (1) | ITMI20121284A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP3441529B1 (en) * | 2017-08-10 | 2020-09-30 | Linde GmbH | Device and method for the freezing of soil |
Family Cites Families (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3943722A (en) * | 1970-12-31 | 1976-03-16 | Union Carbide Canada Limited | Ground freezing method |
| DE2651117A1 (en) | 1976-11-09 | 1978-05-18 | Linde Ag | Lower ground strata localised freezing system - has refrigerant gas riser within freezing pipe limiting freezing to bottom regions |
| DE3112291A1 (en) | 1981-03-27 | 1982-10-07 | Linde Ag, 6200 Wiesbaden | Soil-freezing arrangement |
| JPS61134417A (en) * | 1984-11-30 | 1986-06-21 | Showa Alum Corp | Long heat conveying device suitable for soil freezing |
| CN201031387Y (en) | 2007-04-18 | 2008-03-05 | 上海地铁运营有限公司 | Liquid nitrogen freeze coagulation device |
-
2012
- 2012-07-24 IT IT001284A patent/ITMI20121284A1/en unknown
-
2013
- 2013-07-19 EP EP13177293.1A patent/EP2690222B2/en active Active
- 2013-07-19 ES ES13177293.1T patent/ES2643515T3/en active Active
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| EP2690222B2 (en) | 2020-12-30 |
| EP2690222B1 (en) | 2017-08-30 |
| ITMI20121284A1 (en) | 2014-01-25 |
| EP2690222A1 (en) | 2014-01-29 |
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