ES2639589A1 - Combined cycle of internal combustión engine and alternative double-effect machine, closed processes and continuous movement (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

The combined cycle of internal combustión engine and alternative double-effect machine, closed processes and continuous movement, consists of a thermal plant that performs the efficient conversion of thermal energy to mechanical and/or electrical energy through a combined cycle consisting of a " internal combustión engine "(mci) that operates with thermal energy sources from fossil fuels such as fuel oil, diesel oil or natural gas, combined with one or more modules" alternative double-effect and closed processes machine "(made) powered with residual heat (from oil cooling, cylinder water, combustión air and exhaust gases) rejected by the mci, where the made modules operate with a thermal cycle of high performance closed processes. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND DOUBLE-EFFECT ALTERNATIVE MACHINE, CLOSED PROCESSES AND 5 CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention belongs to the technical field of thermal energy conversion

10 to mechanical and electric by means of an unconventional combined cycle consisting of the internal combustion engine (Mel) and the alternative double-acting and closed-process machine (MADE), which operates with the residual heat of the MCI (from the heat cooling of oil, water from cylinders, air to the discharge of turbo blowers and gases and exhaust) of the MCI.

OBJECTIVE OF THE INVENTION

The objective of the present invention, called COMBINED MOTOR COMBINATION MOTOR AND DOUBLE EFFECTIVE ALTERNATIVE MACHINE,

20 CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT ", is the efficient conversion of thermal energy to mechanical and / or electrical energy by means of a combined cycle formed by an MCI that operates with thermal energy sources from fossil fuels such as fuel oil, diesel oil or natural gas, combined with one or more MADE modules fed with residual heat (from oil cooling 25, cylinder water, air cooler to the discharge of turbo-blowers and exhaust gases) rejected by Mel, where MADE modules operate with a thermal cycle of closed processes of high performance.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Combined cycle plants with residual thermal energy utilization systems for both gas turbines operating with Brayton cycles and diesel engines including marine propulsion engines are based on:

-

the cascade association of the Brayton cycle gas turbine operating with a fossil fuel followed by a Rankine cycle fed with heat the exhaust gases evacuated by the Brayton cycle gas turbine. -the cascading association of an alternative internal combustion engine operating

5 with natural gas or other fossil fuel such as fuel oil, followed by a Rankine cycle fed with residual heats not used or rejected by the alternative engine, where the Rankine cycle can be organic, Rankine cycle with one or two pressure levels . -the cascading association of an alternative internal combustion engine operating

10 with natural gas or other fossil fuel such as fuel oil, where the engine's exhaust gases pass to the turbo-blowers and a gas turbine that drives a generator, and subsequently, the gases evacuated by the turbo-blowers and the Gas turbine goes to a steam generator with which a Rankine cycle steam turbine is connected connected to the same electric generator mentioned.

15 -the cascade association of an alternative internal combustion engine operating with natural gas or other fossil fuel such as fuel oil, where the molar exhaust passes to the turbo-blowers and from here to a coupled Stirling cycle machine To an electric generator. -the cascading association of an alternative internal combustion engine operating

20 with natural gas or other fossil fuel such as fuel oil, where the engine's exhaust gases pass to the turbo-blowers and from there to an Ericsson cycle machine coupled to an electric generator. The invention called COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND DOUBLE EFFECT ALTERNATIVE MACHINE, PROCESSES

25 CLOSED AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT differs from the cylindrical combined cycles in that the residual heat emitted by the internal combustion engine is used by an alternative high-performance machine that operates under a thermodynamic cycle of closed processes different from the Stirling and Ericsson cycle, the which uses helium or hydrogen as a working fluid.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The invention called COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND ALTERNATIVE MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, PROCESSES 5 CLOSED AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT, consists of an assembly formed by a conventional alternative MCI, whose cooling circuit is coupled with one or more MADE modules (alternative machine double acting and continuous movement), where each MAOE module is characterized by operating with continuous alternative movement, and whose thermal cycle operates with closed thermodynamic processes. The cooling water 10 of the Mel is driven by the cooling pump through the Mel which includes the lubricating oil coolers, cylinders, combustion air, and the exhaust gas cooler. The heat captured by the cooling water in the aforementioned Mel chillers at a sufficiently high temperature, thermally feeds the MAOE modules, where most of the useful heat yields, and returning to the low temperature cooling pump, at through a cooling water cooler. Therefore the only thermal source that feeds each closed process MADE module comes from the waste heat wasted by the MCI, which includes the cooling heats of the lubricating oil, the cooling of cylinders, the cooling of the combustion air, and the cooling 20 of exhaust gases. The MCI operates with thermal energy from a fossil fuel such as fuel oil, diesel oil, natural gas or hydrogen. While the Mel operates under the conventional cycle Diesel, Otto or one of the variants thereof, the thermal cycle of each MADE module operates under an unconventional thermal cycle of closed processes in which it performs mechanical work for both

25 addition (heating) as by heat extraction (cooling), according to the following sequence of closed processes · - process 1-2 corresponds to the almost-isocoric addition of heat, which leads to increased pressure, temperature and entropy (the piston remains at one end of its low speed run, almost at rest),

30 -the process 2-3, corresponds to the ideal almost-adiabatic and isentropic expansion with realization of useful work (in reality it is not an adiabatic expansion, because during the expansion it absorbs remaining heat from the exchanger metal), -the process 3 -4, corresponds to the almost-isocoric extraction of heat, which leads to a decrease in pressure, temperature and entropy (the piston remains at one of the 35 ends of its low-speed race, almost at rest), and

~ the process 4 ~ 1, corresponds to the almost-adiabatic and isentropic ideal compression with

realization of useful work (in reality it is not an adiabatic compression because

during the compression process it gives compression heat to the metal of the

exchanger).

5

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

This section describes, by way of illustration and not limitation, the components that

include the COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND

the

DOUBLE EFFECT ALTERNATIVE MACHINE, CLOSED PROCESSES AND

CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT to facilitate the understanding of the invention where

It refers to the following figures:

Figure 1 shows diagram of the configuration of the heat circulation circuit

in the combined cycle between an MCI and two MADE modules in cascade, which is

fifteen

constituted by the following components:

1. MC! Cooling water circuit.

2. MCI cooling pump.

3. MC cooling water cooler !.

4 by-pass valve of the cooling water cooler of the MC !.

twenty

5. Mel waste heat recovery from oil coolers,

cylinders, combustion air and exhaust gases.

S. bypass valve of heating fluid to MADE

7. MADE heating fluid inlet branch to produce useful work by

heating. It consists of the cooling water of the MCI after cooling the

25

lubrication oil, cylinders, combustion air and exhaust gases in the

waste heat recovery (5), leaving at high temperature (200-250 OC).

8. MAOE refrigerant fluid inlet branch. It consists of water at temperature

environment, responsible for extracting heat from MADE to produce useful work by

cooling.

30

10. MADE cylinder of closed processes and continuous movement.

Figure 2, diagram of a module of the MADE of closed processes and movement

continuous.

the. alternative double effeclo machine (MADE) of closed processes

35

11 plunger

12.

stem

13.

Two position valve - three ways (2p-3v) inlet of the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the left chamber of the cylinder.

14. 2p-3v outlet valve for the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the left chamber of the cylinder.

fifteen.

Heat exchanger between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid inside the left chamber of the cylinder (10).

16.

2p-3v inlet valve for the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the right chamber of the cylinder.

10 17. 2p-3v outlet valve for the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the right chamber of the cylinder. 1st. exchange heat between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid within the right chamber of the cylinder (10).

15 Figure 3, T-s (temperature-entropy) and p-V (pressure-volume) diagrams of the closed process thermal cycle. T-s diagram, figure 3a. P-V diagram, figure 3b.

Detailed description of the invention

The COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND ALTERNATIVE MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT, is characterized by being the combination of at least one Mel and one or more MADE modules, where the MCI and each MADE module is coupled

25 thermally through the Mel cooling circuit, where the Mel cooling circuit performs the task of transferring residual heat from the Mel to the MADE modules, so that the residual heat captured by cooling the Mel is used by the MADE modules to produce useful mechanical work The combined cycle object of the invention is implemented under the structure shown

30 in Figure 1, which is constituted by the components inherent to the Mel cooling system and the components of the MADE modules, which includes: - a cooling water circuit (1) of the MCI that performs the function of supplying heat to the MADE modules (10). -at least one cooling pump (2) of the MC !.

35 -at least one MCI cooling water cooler (3)

-bypass valve (4) of the cooling water cooler of the MC !. -a waste heat recuperator (5) of the MC! responsible for capturing the heat of cooling of lubricating oil, cylinders, combustion air and exhaust gases.

5-bypass valve (6) of heating fluid to the MADE -air inlet of heating fluid (7) of the MAOE to produce useful work by heating. It consists of the cooling water of the MCI after cooling the lubrication oil, the cylinders, the combustion air and the exhaust gases in the waste heat recuperator (5), leaving at an efficiently usable temperature

10 (200-250 'C). -coolant fluid inlet line (8) of the MAOE. It consists of water at room temperature, responsible for extracting heat from the MAOE to produce useful work by cooling. - cylinder (10) of the MAOE of closed processes and continuous movement operating with

15 a high thermal capacity working fluid such as helium or hydrogen.

Each MAOE module of closed processes and continuous movement is constituted by the elements represented in Figure 2. -Automatic double acting cylinder (MAOE) of closed processes (10) that houses in its

20 inside the plunger (11) rigidly connected to the rod (12), two chambers to the left and right of the cylinder, where each chamber houses a heat exchanger (15) and (18) respectively, and where each chamber is located filled with a working thermal fluid, preferably hydrogen or helium. - piston (11) connected to the stem (12)

25 - rod (12) responsible for transferring the thrust force of the piston and transmitting it to the connecting rod-crankshaft mechanism "to the two-way valve - three ways (2p-3v) inlet of the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the chamber left of the cylinder (13) - 2p-3v valve for thermal fluids outlet and chamber cooler

30 left of the cylinder (14). -change heat (15) between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid (helium

or hydrogen) inside the left chamber of the cylinder (10). - 2p-3v inlet valve for the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the right cylinder chamber (16).

Application No. F.Erccliva F.OEPM

P20 1 600345 09/28/2016 10/03/2016

-

2p-3v outlet valve for the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the right chamber of the cylinder (17). Heat exchanger (18) between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid (helium

or hydrogen) inside the right chamber of the cylinder (10).

The supply of heat and cold to each MADE is carried out by the conduit (7) (for the supply of heat from the heat recovery (5) of the MCI) and the conduit (8) (for the supply of cold from the environment).

10 Each MADE module of the COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND ALTERNATIVE MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT obeys a thermal cycle shown in Figure 3, which comprises the following closed thermodynamic processes: - process 1-2 corresponds to the almost-isocoric addition of heat, which entails the

15 increase in pressure, temperature and entropy (the piston remains close to one of the ends of its stroke, position known as one of its dead spots), - process 2-3, corresponds to the almost-adiabatic ideal expansion with realization of useful work (in practice it only approximates an adiabatic expansion, because during this expansion process, it absorbs remaining heat from the metal of the

20 exchanger because it is at a temperature higher than that of the working fluid), -the process 3-4, corresponds to the almost-isochoric extraction of heat, which implies the contraction of the working fluid with a decrease in pressure, temperature and entropy (the piston remains close to one end of its stroke), and -the process 4-1, ideally corresponds to almost-adiabatic compression with

25 performance of useful work (in practice it only approximates adiabatic compression because during the compression process it gives compression heat to the metal of the exchanger because it is at a lower temperature than the working fluid). The operation procedure of the COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND DOUBLE-EFFECT ALTERNATIVE MACHINE,

30 CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT takes place so that with the piston (11) located in the left dead center of the cylinder (10), the residual heat from the cooling of the MCI and captured by the heat recuperator (5) feeds the exchange of heat (1 5) through the duct (7) and the 2p3v valve (13). Simultaneously, through the conduit (8) and the 2p-3v valve (16) is supplied

35 cold fluid to the heat exchanger (18). In this state, the left chamber of the

cylinder (1) is heated by increasing its pressure, while the right chamber of the cylinder (10) is cooled by lowering its pressure. The simultaneous heating and cooling process of the working fluid contained in both chambers of the cylinder lasts a short period of time with respect to the total duration of the cycle, at which end the heating and cooling processes cease when the heat supply valves are closed and frTo (13) and (16) respectively. As a result of the pressure difference between both the left and right chambers of the cylinder (10), the piston (11) linked to the rod (12) is moved to the right, driving the crankshaft system, until the piston reaches the end of his career at point 10 dead right. In such a situation the same process is repeated with the role of the valves

(13) and (16) changed, which causes the plunger to return to its original position in the left dead center.

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

Figure 1 shows the preferred embodiment of the COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND ALTERNATIVE MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT constituted by the following components:

20 -a cooling water circuit (1) of the MCI that performs the function of supplying heat to the MAOE modules (10). -at least one cooling pump (2) of the MCI. -at least one of the cooling water cooler (3) of the MCI -bypass valve (4) of the cooling water cooler of the MCi.

25 -a residual heat recuperator (5) of the Mel responsible for capturing the cooling heat of the lubricating oil, the cylinders, the combustion air and the exhaust gases. - bypass valve (6) of heating fluid to the MADE - inlet branch of heating fluid (7) of the MADE to produce useful work by

30 heating, which consists of the cooling water of the Mel after cooling of the lubrication oil, the cylinders, the combustion air and the exhaust gases in the waste heat recuperator (5), leaving at an efficiently usable temperature

(200-250 'C).

-

MADE chiller fluid inlet (8), which consists of cold water at room temperature, responsible for extracting heat from the MADE to produce useful work by cooling. - cylinder (10) of the MADE of closed processes and continuous movement operating with

5 a high thermal capacity working fluid such as helium or hydrogen. and where each MADE module of closed processes and continuous movement is constituted by the elements represented in Figure 2, which includes -a double-acting alternative cylinder (MADE) of closed processes (10) that houses the connected plug (11) inside rigidly to the stem (12), two left chambers

10 and right of the cylinder, where each of the chambers houses a heat exchanger (15) and (18) respectively, and where each chamber is filled with a working thermal fluid, preferably hydrogen or helium. - piston (11) connected to the rod (12) - rod (12) responsible for transferring the pushing force of the piston and transmitting it

15 to the crankshaft mechanism

- Two position valve - three ways (2p-3v) for thermal fluids inlet Heater and cooler of the left chamber of the cylinder (13). - 2p-3v valve for thermal fluids outlet and chamber cooler left of the cylinder (14).

20-heat exchanger (15) between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid (hydrogen or helium) inside the left chamber of the cylinder (10). -valve 2p-3v inlet of the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the right chamber of the cylinder (16). - 2p-3v valve for thermal fluids outlet and chamber cooler

25 right of the cylinder (17) - heat exchanger (18) between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid (hydrogen or helium) inside the right chamber of the cylinder (10).

and where each MADE module obeys a thermal cycle shown in Figure 3, which

30 comprises the following closed thermodynamic processes: -the process 1-2 corresponds to the almost-isocoric addition of heat, which entails the increase in pressure, temperature and entropy (the piston remains close to one end of its stroke, known position as one of its dead spots), -the 2-3 process, corresponds to the almost-adiabatic ideal expansion with realization of

35 useful work (in practice it only approximates an adiabatic expansion, because during this expansion process, it absorbs remaining heat from the metal of the exchanger because it is at a temperature higher than that of the working fluid), - process 3-4, corresponds to the almost-isacórica extraction of heat, that entails the contraction of the working fluid with decrease of pressure, temperature and entropy (the

5 piston remains close to one end of its stroke), and -the process 4-1, ideally corresponds to almost-adiabatic compression with realization of useful work (in practice it only approximates an adiabatic compression because during the process compression gives compression heat to the metal of the exchanger because it is at a lower temperature than the working fluid).

10 and where the operation procedure of the COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND ALTERNATIVE MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT proceeds so that with the piston (11) located in the left dead center of the cylinder (10), the Residual heat 15 from the cooling of the Mel and captured by the heat recuperator (5) feeds the heat exchange (15) through the duct (7) and the 2p3v valve (13). Simultaneously, cold fluid is supplied to the heat exchanger (18) through the duct (8) and the 2p-3v valve (16). In this state, the left chamber of the cylinder (1) is heated by increasing its pressure, while the right chamber of the cylinder

20 cylinder (10) is cooled by lowering its pressure. The simultaneous heating and cooling process of the working fluid contained in both chambers of the cylinder lasts a short period of time with respect to the total duration of the cycle, at which end the heating and cooling processes cease when the heat and cold feed valves are closed (13) and (16) respectively. As a consequence of the difference of

25 pressures between both chambers left and right of the cylinder (10), the piston (11) linked to the rod (12) is moved to the right, driving the bielacigOenal system, until the piston reaches the end of its run in the neutral position straight. In this situation the same process is repeated with the role of the valves (13) and

(16) changed, which causes the plunger to return to its original position at the left dead spot 30.

Claims (1)

1 ', COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND MACHINE 5 DOUBLE-EFFECT ALTERNATIVE, CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT, characterized by the combination of at least one internal combustion engine (MCI) and one or more modules called double-acting alterative machine (MADE), where the MCI and each MADE module are thermally coupled by the MCI cooling circuit, where the MCI cooling circuit 10 performs the task of transferring residual heat from the MCI to the MADE modules, so that the residual heat captured by cooling the Mel is used by the MADE modules to produce useful mechanical work. and where the combined cycle object of the invention is implemented by the components inherent to the Mel cooling system and the module components 15 MADE, which includes: -a cooling water circuit (1) of the Mel that performs the function of supplying heat to the MADE modules (10), -at least one cooling pump (2) of the Mel. -at least one of the cooling water cooler (3) of the Mel 20-by-pass valve (4) of the MCI cooling water cooler. -a residual heat recovery (5) from the MCI responsible for capturing the cooling heat of the lubricating oil, the cylinders, the combustion air and the exhaust gases. -bypass valve (6) of heating fluid to MADE 25 -MADE heating fluid inlet line (7) of the MADE to produce useful work by heating, which consists of the cooling water of the Mel after cooling the lubrication oil, the cylinders, the combustion air and the exhaust gases in the waste heat recuperator (5), leaving at an efficiently usable temperature - cooling fluid inlet branch (8) of the MADE, which consists of cold water 30 room temperature, responsible for extracting heat from the MADE to produce useful work by cooling. - Cylinder (10) of the MADE of closed processes and continuous movement operating with a high thermal capacity working fluid such as helium or hydrogen. and where each MADE module of closed processes and continuous movement is 35 constituted by the elements represented in figure 2, which includes an alternative double acting cylinder (MADE) of closed processes (10) that houses inside the plunger (11) rigidly connected to the rod (12), two chambers. to the left and right of the cylinder, where each chamber houses a heat exchanger (15) and (18) respectively, and where each chamber is filled with a fluid 5 thermal work, preferably hydrogen or helium. . piston (11) connected to the rod (12) - rod (12) responsible for transferring the thrust force of the plunger and transmitting it to the connecting rod-crankshaft mechanism. - Two position valve - three ways (2p-3v) for thermal fluids inlet 10 heater and cooler of the left chamber of the cylinder (13). - 2p-3v valve for the outlet of the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the left chamber of the cylinder (14). Heat exchanger (15) between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid (hydrogen or helium) inside the left chamber of the cylinder (10). 15-2p-3v inlet valve for the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the right chamber of the cylinder (16). - 2p-3v valve for the outlet of the thermal fluids heater and cooler of the right chamber of the cylinder (17). • heat exchanger (18) between heating-cooling fluid and working fluid 20 (hydrogen or helium) inside the right chamber of the cylinder (10). and where each MADE module obeys a thermal cycle, which comprises the following closed thermodynamic processes: - process 1-2 corresponds to the almost-isocoric addition of heat, which entails the 25 increase in pressure, temperature and entropy (the emboJo remains close to one of the ends of its run, position known as one of its dead spots), -the process 2-3, corresponds to the ideal expansion cas i-adiabática with realization of useful work (in practice it only approximates an adiabatic expansion, because during this expansion process, it absorbs heat remaining from the metal of the 30 exchanger because it is at a temperature higher than that of the working fluid), -the process 3-4, corresponds to the almost-isocoric extraction of heat, which implies the contraction of the working fluid with a decrease in pressure, temperature and entropy (the piston remains close to one end of its stroke), and -the process 4-1, ideally corresponds to almost-adiabatic compression with 35 performance of useful work (in practice it only approximates adiabatic compression because during the compression process it gives compression heat to the metal of the exchanger because it is at a temperature lower than that of the working fluid). 2 ', COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND MACHINE 5 DOUBLE EFFECT ALTERNATIVE, CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT, according to claim 1 ', characterized by the operation procedure, according to which, with the piston (11) located in the left dead center of the cylinder (10), the residual heat from the cooling of the Mel and captured by the heat recuperator (5) feeds the heat exchanger (15) by means of the 10 duct (7) and the 2p-3v valve (13), Simultaneously , cold fluid is supplied to the heat exchanger (18) through the conduit (8) and the 2p-3v valve (16). In this state, the left chamber of the cylinder (1) is heated by increasing its pressure, while the right chamber of the cylinder (10) is cooled by lowering its pressure. The simultaneous heating and cooling process of the working fluid contained in both chambers of the cylinder lasts a short period of time with respect to the total duration of the cycle, at which end the heating and cooling processes cease when the heat supply valves are closed and cold (13) and (16) respectively. As a consequence of the difference in pressure between both the left and right chambers of the cylinder (10), the piston (11) linked to the rod (12) moves towards the 20 right, driving the connecting rod-cigOenal system, until the piston reaches the end of its run in the right neutral. In this situation the same process is repeated with the role of the valves (13) and (16) changed, which causes the plunger to return to its original position in the left dead center. 25 3 ', COMBINED CYCLE OF INTERNAL COMBUSTION MOTOR AND ALTERNATIVE MACHINE OF DOUBLE EFFECT, CLOSED PROCESSES AND CONTINUOUS MOVEMENT, according to claim l' and 2a characterized by the working fluid of each MAOE, which is hydrogen or helium.