UA112910U - STIRLING ENGINE (KM) - Google Patents

Abstract

The Stirling engine consists of a piston system, a block of cylinders, a reaction chamber, thermal protection, a fuel system, valves, a supercharger. The engine is equipped with at least 4 crescent-shaped reaction chambers in the form of a hemisphere with strain gauges mounted on each of them to control crystallization. The thermal protection system consists of a combination of cavities, two of which are filled with mineral wool and the third is vacuum-sealed. The fuel system consists of pumps and 2 tanks, initially charged and disposed of. Supersaturated salts are used as fuel. Additionally, a one-way nitrogen-type cooling valve is used in the engine.

Description

A useful model belongs to mechanical engineering, namely to heat engines with external heat supply. These engines work according to the closed Stirling thermodynamic cycle (English patent Mo4081). A constant amount of the working substance circulates between two chambers with different temperatures, where it is alternately heated and cooled. Due to this, the working substance changes its volume and moves the working pistons.

The well-known a-Stirling engine (model of the SM company), in which the Carnot cycle is used as a basis.

The working cycle in such an engine proceeds as follows. In the working cylinder, the gas (hydrogen or helium) is heated, in the other, compression one, it is cooled. When the piston in the cylinder moves up, the gas is compressed - the compression stroke. At this time, the piston in the cylinder begins to move down. The gas from the cold cylinder flows into the hot cylinder, successively passing through the cooler, regenerator and heater - the heating stroke. The hot gas expands in the cylinder, doing work - the expansion stroke. When the piston in the cylinder moves up, the gas is pumped through the regenerator and the cooler into the cylinder - the cooling stroke. This "Stirling" scheme is the most convenient for reversal. Dampers are made in the combined housing of the heater, regenerator and cooler. The heater is a set of tubes made of heat-resistant stainless steel through which the working gas passes. The tubes are heated by the flame of a burner adapted for burning various liquid fuels. The heat from the heated gas accumulates in the regenerator. This node is of great importance for obtaining high efficiency. It performs its function and transmits three times more heat than a heater. The cooler is made in the form of a water jacket on the pipeline. Engine power is regulated by changing the working gas pressure. For this purpose, the engine is equipped with a gas cylinder and a special compressor.

The disadvantages of the engine are the use of petroleum products, the inefficient use of heat, the complete neglect of thermal insulation of the engine itself, the inefficient coolant, which is a water jacket, the high temperature of the hot cylinder, the excess weight of the engine caused by the use of cast iron, and the high probability of explosion due to the use of helium.

The famous engine is a four-stroke diesel, converted into an alpha version of the Stirling engine.

A four-stroke diesel, which has an in-line arrangement of cylinders with a number that is a multiple of four, or an M-shaped arrangement of cylinders with a number that is a multiple of two and a camshaft that is equipped with a device for its longitudinal movement, is distinguished by the fact that it

Zo is equipped with a number of devices that turn it into a convertible engine, which ensures its use at the place of operation, depending on the needs, as a diesel, or in version a - Stirling with a working body (air), or again a diesel with switching from a stopped position to the required version use at the command of the operator. The engine to ensure convertibility is equipped with the following devices: a heater, a regenerator and a cooler, which are connected to the exhaust pipes of the cylinder covers with the help of two remote-controlled valves for every two cylinders, working on one crank with an m-shaped arrangement of cylinders and shifted in phase by 90 turns crankshaft for 4-row arrangement of cylinders; a camshaft with two sets of cam washers for the diesel variant and for the Stirling variant, in which the exhaust valve is constantly open, the intake valve is closed and the fuel pumps are not working; with a cylinder cooling system divided into two parts - for hot and cold cylinders in the Stirling version.

Disadvantages of the engine are the use of petroleum products, namely diesel fuel, inefficient use of heat, neglect of thermal insulation of the engine, outdated cooling system, and inefficient use of air as a cooling body, high temperature of the hot cylinder, excessive weight of the engine caused by the use of cast iron, high noise level .

The useful model is based on the task of increasing environmental friendliness by reducing emissions of harmful impurities into the air that occur during the fuel combustion reaction in the combustion chamber.

The task is solved by the Stirling engine (K-M), which consists of a piston system, a cylinder block, a reaction chamber, thermal protection, a fuel system, valves, and a supercharger. The engine is equipped with at least 4 crescent-shaped reaction chambers in the form of a hemisphere with strain gauges installed on each of them to control crystallization. The thermal protection system consists of a combination of cavities, two of which are filled with mineral wool, and the third is vacuum sealed. The fuel line system consists of pumps and 2 tanks, initially charged and disposal. Supersaturated salts are used as fuel.

In addition, a one-way nitrogen type cooling valve is used in the engine.

In fig. 1 and 2 show a pair of cylinders of the Stirling ("K-M") M-8 engine, which consists of 2 cylinders: 1 hot (Fig. 3) and 1 cold combustion (Fig. 4). They are connected to each other by two nozzles in which gas (helium) circulates. The pipe in the center goes through the cooler and supercharger. The cooler (Fig. 5) is a one-way valve, which consists of a housing in which nitrogen rods made of cryo-resistant material are installed, through which liquid nitrogen circulates. The engine is equipped with 4 reaction chambers in which heating and heat transfer processes take place. Each chamber is crescent-shaped in the form of a hemisphere, which provides a large contact area between the chemical fuel and the gas. The reaction chambers are equipped with strain gauges that monitor the temperature and prevent the fuel from completely crystallizing in it. The engine (K-M) is equipped with a fuel supply and output system (Fig. 6) with 2 tanks: 1 initially charged fuel tank, and 2 disposal tank. Fuel is supplied by pumps. Installed thermal protection (Fig. 7), consisting of a combination of cavities, two of which are filled with mineral wool, and the other is vacuum-sealed.

The engine works as follows: the cylinders work according to the opposite-pair scheme (1-3-2-4). During the supply of fuel from the fuel tank 1 (Fig. 6), it enters the chamber C (Fig. 1), where a chemical fuel crystallization reaction (supersaturated salt) takes place during which heat is released. The released heat heats the gas in the piston cavity 4 (Fig. 1) and expands it pushing the piston 5 (Fig. 1) down (hot piston stroke). After heating, the hot gas is pumped through the nozzle 2 (Fig. 1) to the cooler 1 (Fig. 1), where it partially loses its temperature, giving it to nitrogen, which takes it away from the engine. Partially cooled gas is sucked into the interpiston cavity of the cold piston and pushes it down (stroke of the cold piston). After the stroke of the cold piston, a vacuum is formed in the interpiston cavity of the hot piston 4 (Fig. 1). Due to the vacuum, a suction effect is created, which sucks the gas through the cold line 1 (Fig. 2) into the hot interpiston cavity and the cycle repeats again. After passing some reaction time, according to the strain gauges, the fuel is diverted to the disposal tank 2 (Fig. 6) where it is completely crystallized.

The use of a new design solution compared to the existing ones makes it possible to improve environmental performance, reduce noise and heat loss during engine operation.

List of drawing figures

Fig. 1.--General view of section 1

Fig. 2 - General view of section 2

Fig. C - Hot cylinder

Fig. 4 - Cold cylinder

Fig. 5 - Cooler

Fig. 6 - Fuel supply and removal system

Fig. 7 - Thermal protection

Claims (1)

UTILITY MODEL FORMULA A Stirling engine consisting of a piston system, a cylinder block, a reaction chamber, thermal protection, a fuel system, valves, a supercharger, characterized by the fact that the engine is equipped with at least 4 sickle-shaped reaction chambers in the form of a hemisphere with installed on each of them with strain gauges to control crystallization, the thermal protection system consists of a combination of cavities, two of which are filled with mineral wool, and the third is vacuum-sealed, the fuel line system consists of pumps and 2 tanks, initially charged and disposal, supersaturated salts are used as fuel, additionally in the engine, a one-way nitrogen type cooling valve.