ES2637445T3 - Turbomotor with parallel trees - Google Patents
Turbomotor with parallel trees Download PDFInfo
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- ES2637445T3 ES2637445T3 ES10776767.5T ES10776767T ES2637445T3 ES 2637445 T3 ES2637445 T3 ES 2637445T3 ES 10776767 T ES10776767 T ES 10776767T ES 2637445 T3 ES2637445 T3 ES 2637445T3
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- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 50
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000003638 chemical reducing agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitric oxide Chemical compound O=[N] MWUXSHHQAYIFBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 6
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000010354 integration Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005465 channeling Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008034 disappearance Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010348 incorporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001629 suppression Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
- E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
- E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
- E21B17/01—Risers
- E21B17/012—Risers with buoyancy elements
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Abstract
Un turbomotor de turbina libre para helicóptero que comprende por una parte un generador de gas que incluye al menos un compresor (1) alimentado de aire, una cámara de combustión (5) que recibe el aire comprimido a la salida de dicho compresor (1), y al menos una turbina generadora (7) unida mecánicamente a dicho compresor (1) por un árbol motor (15) y accionada por los gases emitidos de la combustión de un carburante efectuada en dicha cámara de combustión (5), y que comprende por otra parte una turbina libre (11) alimentada por los gases emitidos de dicha combustión después de su paso a través de dicha turbina generadora (7) y que acciona un árbol de potencia (12) orientado de manera no coaxial con el árbol motor (15) del generador de gas y que proporciona la potencia del turbomotor a través de un reductor (13), caracterizado por que la turbina generadora (7) es del tipo axial y por que la cámara de combustión (5) es una cámara de forma sensiblemente cilíndrica o troncocónica, coaxial con el eje de la turbina generadora y que incluye un inyector único (6), en el que el árbol de potencia (12) está orientado paralelamente a dicho árbol motor (15) y en el cual el reductor está asociado con una caja de accesorios, estando colocados los dos en sentido longitudinal sensiblemente al nivel de la entrada de aire del compresor (1).A turbine turbine-free helicopter comprising on the one hand a gas generator that includes at least one compressor (1) supplied with air, a combustion chamber (5) that receives compressed air at the outlet of said compressor (1) , and at least one generating turbine (7) mechanically connected to said compressor (1) by a drive shaft (15) and driven by the gases emitted from the combustion of a fuel effected in said combustion chamber (5), and comprising on the other hand, a free turbine (11) fed by the gases emitted from said combustion after passing through said generating turbine (7) and which drives a power shaft (12) oriented non-coaxially with the drive shaft ( 15) of the gas generator and that provides the power of the turbomotor through a reducer (13), characterized in that the generating turbine (7) is of the axial type and because the combustion chamber (5) is a shape chamber noticeably cylindrical or tr oncoconic, coaxial with the axis of the generating turbine and which includes a single injector (6), in which the power shaft (12) is oriented parallel to said motor shaft (15) and in which the reducer is associated with a accessory box, the two being positioned longitudinally substantially at the level of the air inlet of the compressor (1).
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Turbomotor con arboles paralelosTurbomotor with parallel trees
El campo de la presente invencion es el de la propulsion aeronautica, y en particular el de los turbomotores con generador de gas y turbina libre.The field of the present invention is that of aeronautical propulsion, and in particular that of turbomotors with gas generator and free turbine.
Las turbomaquinas son comunmente empleadas para la propulsion de las aeronaves y particularmente para la propulsion y la sustentacion de aeronaves de ala giratoria o helicopteros. El documento US2933892 describe un turbomotor con turbina libre para helicoptero. Estos motores comprenden un generador de gas constituido por un compresor, una camara de combustion anular y una turbina llamada turbina generadora que acciona el compresor por medio de un arbol, llamado arbol generador. El generador de gas es generalmente de un solo cuerpo, es decir que no comprende mas que un compresor y una sola turbina, ambos unidos por un solo arbol, pero puede igualmente tener multiples cuerpos, es decir comprender varios compresores y varias turbinas, estando unido cada compresor a una turbina por un arbol espedfico. Los gases a la salida del generador de gas son a continuacion enviados sobre una segunda turbina, llamada turbina libre, que esta asociada a un arbol de potencia, distinto del o de los arboles del generador, y que proporciona la potencia util para la propulsion. Este arbol acciona un reductor unido a la caja de transmision principal del helicoptero (o BTP), que acciona el cubo del rotor principal y el rotor antipar. Este conjunto reductor esta integrado generalmente con una caja de accesorios para los equipos necesarios para el buen funcionamiento del motor o de la aeronave.The turbomachines are commonly used for the propulsion of aircraft and particularly for the propulsion and support of rotating-wing aircraft or helicopters. US2933892 describes a turbine with free turbine for helicopter. These engines comprise a gas generator consisting of a compressor, an annular combustion chamber and a turbine called a generator turbine that drives the compressor by means of a shaft, called a generator shaft. The gas generator is generally of a single body, that is to say it does not comprise more than a compressor and a single turbine, both joined by a single shaft, but it can also have multiple bodies, that is to say comprising several compressors and several turbines, being joined each compressor to a turbine by a specific tree. The gases at the outlet of the gas generator are then sent on a second turbine, called a free turbine, which is associated with a power shaft, other than the generator shaft (s), and which provides the useful power for propulsion. This shaft drives a reducer attached to the main transmission box of the helicopter (or BTP), which drives the main rotor hub and the antipair rotor. This reducer assembly is generally integrated with an accessory box for the equipment necessary for the proper functioning of the engine or aircraft.
Por razones de simplicidad de arquitectura, la turbina libre esta colocada generalmente aguas abajo de la ultima turbina del generador y el arbol que la acciona es coaxial con el arbol del generador de gas. Este arbol de potencia puede salir hacia atras del motor o bien, lo que es el caso mas general, ser concentrico con el arbol del generador de gas y volver hacia adelante. Esta configuracion permite, con un proposito de compactibilidad y/o de facilidad de acceso, colocar el reductor y la caja de accesorios al nivel de la entrada de aire del generador de gas.For reasons of simplicity of architecture, the free turbine is generally placed downstream of the last turbine of the generator and the shaft that drives it is coaxial with the shaft of the gas generator. This power shaft can exit backwards from the engine or, which is the most general case, be concentric with the gas generator shaft and return forward. This configuration allows, with a purpose of compactness and / or ease of access, to place the reducer and the accessory box at the level of the air inlet of the gas generator.
Estos motores de arboles concentricos, como por ejemplo el descrito en la patente britanica GB 594207, tienen el inconveniente de su complejidad de realizacion y por tanto una cierta dificultad para producirlos a costes relativamente bajos. Esto se suma la complejidad de la camara de combustion debido a su forma anular, lo que constituye igualmente un freno en la reduccion de costes de produccion; esta forma anular necesita un numero importante de puntos de inyeccion lo que complica, sobre motores de pequeno tamano, la introduccion de dispositivos para la reduccion de emisiones de oxidos de nitrogeno NOx.These motors of concentric trees, such as the one described in British patent GB 594207, have the disadvantage of their complexity of implementation and therefore a certain difficulty in producing them at relatively low costs. This adds to the complexity of the combustion chamber due to its annular shape, which also constitutes a brake on the reduction of production costs; This annular form requires a significant number of injection points which complicates, on small-sized engines, the introduction of devices for the reduction of NOx nitrogen oxide emissions.
La presente invencion tiene por objeto remediar estos inconvenientes proponiendo un turbomotor de pequeno tamano que no presente ciertas problematicas de los turbomotores de la tecnica anterior, que sea de diseno sencillo para reducir su coste de produccion, al tiempo que permite la incorporacion de dispositivos reductores de emisiones de NOx.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a small size turbomotor that does not present certain problems of prior art turbomotors, which is of simple design to reduce its production cost, while allowing the incorporation of reducing devices for NOx emissions
A este efecto, la invencion tiene por objeto un turbomotor con turbina libre para helicoptero segun la reivindicacion 1.For this purpose, the object of the invention is a turbine with free turbine for helicopter according to claim 1.
Por arboles coaxiales se entienden dos arboles que estan situados en la prolongacion el uno del otro, cualquiera que sea su sentido relativo de rotacion.Coaxial trees are understood as two trees that are located in the extension of each other, whatever their relative sense of rotation.
Esta disposicion de los arboles da una gran flexibilidad para la disposicion de dos partes del motor y permite elegir una camara de combustion, llamada recipiente unico, es decir que tiene una forma sensiblemente cilmdrica o troncoconica con un inyector unico colocado en el centro de este cilindro o tronco de cono, lo que permite la integracion facil de un sistema de inyeccion que permite la reduccion de la formacion de oxidos de nitrogeno. Una camara de combustion coaxial con el arbol de la turbina generadora presenta la ventaja de no generar un volumen excesivo, que no sena compatible con uno de los objetivos buscados, a saber realizar un turbomotor de pequeno tamano. Ademas, los gases a la salida de la camara de combustion son enviados directamente sobre la turbina del generador, lo que evita la presencia de un fondo de camara que sena, de otro modo, necesario para enderezar su flujo y que debena enfriarse. Dado que la temperatura muy elevada de los gases a la salida de la camara de combustion sobre los motores modernos, se escapa, con la configuracion reivindicada, a esta operacion que sena particularmente diffcil de poner en practica.This arrangement of the trees gives great flexibility for the arrangement of two parts of the engine and allows to choose a combustion chamber, called a single vessel, that is to say that it has a substantially cylindrical or trunk-shaped shape with a single injector placed in the center of this cylinder or cone trunk, which allows the easy integration of an injection system that allows the reduction of the formation of nitrogen oxides. A coaxial combustion chamber with the generator turbine shaft has the advantage of not generating excessive volume, which is not compatible with one of the objectives sought, namely to make a small-sized turbomotor. In addition, the gases at the exit of the combustion chamber are sent directly on the generator turbine, which avoids the presence of a chamber bottom that is otherwise necessary to straighten its flow and to be cooled. Since the very high temperature of the gases at the exit of the combustion chamber on modern engines, escapes, with the claimed configuration, to this operation which will be particularly difficult to implement.
El arbol de potencia esta orientado paralelamente a dicho arbol de transmision. Esta disposicion da una gran compactibilidad al motor. El reductor esta asociado con una caja de accesorios, estando colocados los dos en el sentido longitudinal sensiblemente al nivel de la entrada de aire del compresor. La compactibilidad es aun mejorada y el conjunto reductor - caja de accesorios esta situado en una zona relativamente fna.The power shaft is oriented parallel to said transmission shaft. This arrangement gives great compactness to the engine. The reducer is associated with an accessory box, the two being positioned longitudinally substantially at the level of the compressor air inlet. The compactness is still improved and the gearbox-accessory assembly is located in a relatively thin area.
De manera preferente la camara de combustion comprende un inyector que incorpora la tecnologfa LPP (o Lean Premixed Prevaporised, para Pobre, Premezclado, y Prevaporizado). La forma cilmdrica o troncoconica de la camara autoriza la instalacion de un inyector de este tipo que es relativamente voluminoso pero que esta optimizado para la reduccion de emisiones de oxidos de nitrogeno.Preferably, the combustion chamber comprises an injector that incorporates the LPP technology (or Lean Premixed Prevaporised, for Poor, Premixed, and Prevaporized). The cylindrical or conical shape of the chamber authorizes the installation of an injector of this type that is relatively bulky but is optimized for the reduction of nitrogen oxide emissions.
En un modo de realizacion la salida de la camara de combustion esta orientada en direccion del compresor. Esta disposicion participa en la compactibilidad del motor.In one embodiment, the combustion chamber output is oriented in the direction of the compressor. This provision participates in the compactness of the engine.
Preferentemente los gases emitidos de la combustion son recogidos en un colector anular colocado aguas abajo de la turbina generadora para ser transferidos en una camara de distribucion anular colocada aguas arriba de la turbina libre.Preferably the gases emitted from the combustion are collected in an annular collector placed downstream of the generating turbine to be transferred in an annular distribution chamber placed upstream of the free turbine.
Ventajosamente el carter del conjunto reductor-caja de accesorios y el carter del generador de gas se fusionan en un 5 unico carter. La concepcion del dispositivo de lubricacion del conjunto es facilitada por ello y el carter unico es mas ligero y menos caro.Advantageously, the carter of the gearbox-accessory box assembly and the gas generator carter are fused into a single carter. The design of the assembly lubrication device is facilitated by this and the single carter is lighter and less expensive.
En un modo particular de realizacion el generador de gas es un generador de multiples cuerpos que comprende un compresor de alta presion y un compresor de baja presion, una turbina de alta presion y una turbina de baja presion, accionando dichas turbinas dichos compresores por medio respectivamente de un arbol motor de alta presion y de 10 un arbol motor de baja presion, no siendo el arbol de potencia accionado por la turbina libre coaxial con el arbol motor de alta presion de dicho generador y siendo la camara de combustion coaxial con el arbol motor de alta presion.In a particular embodiment, the gas generator is a multi-body generator comprising a high pressure compressor and a low pressure compressor, a high pressure turbine and a low pressure turbine, said turbines driving said compressors by means respectively of a high pressure motor shaft and 10 a low pressure motor shaft, the power shaft not being driven by the coaxial free turbine with the high pressure drive shaft of said generator and the coaxial combustion chamber being with the drive shaft high pressure
Preferentemente en el caso de un turbomotor de multiples cuerpos el arbol de potencia es coaxial con el arbol motor de baja presion. Y de manera aun mas preferente el arbol motor de baja presion es hueco y es atravesado por el 15 arbol de potencia.Preferably, in the case of a multi-body turbomotor, the power shaft is coaxial with the low pressure drive shaft. And even more preferably, the low pressure drive shaft is hollow and is traversed by the power shaft.
En los modos particulares de realizacion el turbomotor esta provisto con un alternador de generacion electrica de alta velocidad, y/o con un intercambiador de calor de gases calientes / aire comprimido, entre los gases a la salida de la turbina libre y el aire a la salida del compresor.In particular embodiments, the turbomotor is provided with a high-speed electric generator alternator, and / or with a hot gas / compressed air heat exchanger, between the gases at the outlet of the free turbine and the air at the compressor output
La invencion se refiere igualmente a un turbomotor que comprende al menos un dispositivo tal como el que se ha 20 descrito mas arriba.The invention also relates to a turbomotor comprising at least one device such as the one described above.
La invencion sera mejor comprendida, y otros objetivos, detalles, caractensticas y ventajas de esta apareceran mas claramente en el curso de la descripcion explicativa detallada a continuacion, de varios modos de realizacion de la invencion dados a tttulo de ejemplos ilustrativos no limitativos, en referencia a los dibujos esquematicos adjuntos.The invention will be better understood, and other objectives, details, features and advantages thereof will appear more clearly in the course of the explanatory description detailed below, of various embodiments of the invention given by way of non-limiting illustrative examples, in reference to the attached schematic drawings.
En estos dibujos:In these drawings:
25 La fig. 1 es una vista en corte esquematico de un turbomotor segun un modo de realizacion de la invencion, y25 Fig. 1 is a schematic sectional view of a turbomotor according to an embodiment of the invention, and
La fig. 2 es un esquema de principio de un turbomotor de doble cuerpo de turbina libre, realizado segun un modo de realizacion de la invencion.Fig. 2 is a scheme of principle of a turbine of double body of free turbine, carried out according to an embodiment of the invention.
La fig. 3 es una vista esquematica de una canalizacion de transferencia de los gases entre dos partes de un turbomotor segun la invencion.Fig. 3 is a schematic view of a gas transfer pipe between two parts of a turbomotor according to the invention.
30 Con referencia a la fig. 1, se ve en corte un turbomotor de turbina libre realizado en dos partes colocadas lado a lado, comprendiendo una primera parte el conjunto de elementos que constituye el generador de gas y reagrupando una segunda parte los elementos que constituyen la turbina libre y el reductor. La primera parte comprende un compresor 1, representado aqu en forma de un compresor centnfugo, en el que penetra aire a traves de una tobera de aspiracion 2 y que rechaza el aire comprimido en una voluta de salida 3. La voluta esta dispuesta en la corona 35 alrededor del compresor, con una seccion continuamente creciente para recoger este aire comprimido y enviarlo, por medio de las canalizaciones aguas arriba de la transferencia 4, en una camara de combustion cilmdrica 5 donde participa en la combustion de un carburante inyectado por un inyector 6. Los gases emitidos de esta combustion sufren una primera expansion en una turbina generadora 7, unida al compresor 1 por un arbol generador 15, y luego recogidos en un colector anular 8 para pasar a la segunda parte del motor. Las piezas giratorias del generador de 40 gas que necesitan una lubricacion, tales como los rodamientos o los engranajes, estan contenidos en un carter de motor 17.30 With reference to fig. 1, a free turbine turbomotor made in two parts placed side by side is seen in section, a first part comprising the set of elements constituting the gas generator and a second part regrouping the elements constituting the free turbine and the reducer. The first part comprises a compressor 1, represented here in the form of a centrifugal compressor, in which air penetrates through a suction nozzle 2 and rejects the compressed air in an outlet volute 3. The volute is arranged in the crown 35 around the compressor, with a continuously increasing section to collect this compressed air and send it, through the pipes upstream of the transfer 4, in a cylindrical combustion chamber 5 where it participates in the combustion of a fuel injected by an injector 6 The gases emitted from this combustion undergo a first expansion in a generating turbine 7, connected to the compressor 1 by a generator shaft 15, and then collected in an annular manifold 8 to pass to the second part of the engine. The rotating parts of the gas generator that need lubrication, such as bearings or gears, are contained in an engine case 17.
Los gases son transferidos del colector anular 8 a la salida de la turbina generadora 7 en una camara de distribucion 10 situada aguas arriba de la turbina libre por una canalizacion aguas abajo de la transferencia 9, representada esquematicamente en la fig. 1 y de manera mas detallada en la fig. 3.The gases are transferred from the annular manifold 8 to the output of the generating turbine 7 in a distribution chamber 10 located upstream of the free turbine by a channeling downstream of the transfer 9, schematically represented in fig. 1 and in more detail in fig. 3.
45 Los gases salen de la camara de distribucion 10 pasando a traves de la turbina libre 11, donde sufren una segunda expansion proporcionando su energfa a la turbina libre. La turbina libre esta montada sobre un arbol de potencia 12 que recupera la energfa proporcionada por los gases. Este arbol de potencia 12 esta acoplado al reductor 13, para reducir su velocidad de rotacion y transmitir la potencia a la caja de transmision principal del helicoptero (no representada ), por medio de un arbol motor 14. El conjunto reductor-caja de accesorios esta contenido en un carter 50 de la caja 16.The gases leave the distribution chamber 10 passing through the free turbine 11, where they undergo a second expansion providing their energy to the free turbine. The free turbine is mounted on a power shaft 12 that recovers the energy provided by the gases. This power shaft 12 is coupled to the reducer 13, to reduce its rotation speed and transmit the power to the main transmission box of the helicopter (not shown), by means of a motor shaft 14. The gearbox-accessory assembly is contained in a carter 50 of box 16.
Las dos partes que constituyen el turbomotor estan dispuestas, como se ha indicado en la fig. 1, paralelamente entre sf de manera que las piezas mecanicas que necesitan lubricacion sean reagrupadas en una misma zona. El carter de la caja 16 y el carter del generador de gas 17 constituyen un solo y unico carter, lo que facilita la lubricacion delThe two parts that constitute the turbomotor are arranged, as indicated in fig. 1, parallel to each other so that the mechanical parts that need lubrication are regrouped in the same area. The case of the box 16 and the case of the gas generator 17 constitute a single and unique case, which facilitates the lubrication of the
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conjunto de estas piezas y permite reducir la masa total de este elemento.set of these pieces and allows to reduce the total mass of this element.
Debido a la arquitectura elegida con separacion en dos partes del turbomotor, la camara de combustion 5 no es atravesada por el arbol motor 15, como es el caso en los motores de la tecnica anterior. La desaparicion de la tension asociada a la presencia de este arbol, ofrece nuevas posibilidades de concepcion para la forma que puede tomar la camara, y en particular puede tomar una forma cilmdrica como se ha representado en la fig. 1. Presenta igualmente una orientacion inversa de la de los motores de la tecnica anterior, con la salida de los gases que esta orientada en direccion del compresor 1. El arbol motor puede acortarse asf considerablemente y es por tanto mas simple de fabricar y finalmente mas ligero.Due to the architecture chosen with separation in two parts of the turbomotor, the combustion chamber 5 is not crossed by the motor shaft 15, as is the case in the prior art engines. The disappearance of the tension associated with the presence of this tree, offers new conception possibilities for the shape that the camera can take, and in particular it can take a cylindrical shape as shown in fig. 1. It also has an inverse orientation of that of the prior art engines, with the output of the gases that are oriented in the direction of the compressor 1. The motor shaft can thus be shortened considerably and is therefore simpler to manufacture and finally more light.
Haciendo referencia ahora a la fig. 2, se describira ahora un segundo modo de realizacion, en el cual la invencion es aplicada sobre un turbomotor de doble cuerpo. Los dos arboles generadores 15 y 25 de los cuerpos de baja y alta presion del generador de gas no son aqrn coaxiales. El arbol de los cuerpos de baja presion 25 es, por el contrario, hueco y es atravesado por el arbol de potencia 12 de la turbina libre.Referring now to fig. 2, a second embodiment will now be described, in which the invention is applied on a double-body turbomotor. The two generator trees 15 and 25 of the low and high pressure bodies of the gas generator are not coaxial here. The shaft of the low pressure bodies 25 is, on the contrary, hollow and is traversed by the power shaft 12 of the free turbine.
El funcionamiento de este turbomotor en este segundo modo de realizacion es analogo al funcionamiento precedente en el primer modo de realizacion, con el aire que es aspirado en una tobera de entrada luego comprimido en el compresor de baja presion (o BP) 21. Este aire es a continuacion transferido por una primera canalizacion aguas arriba de la transferencia 24 en el compresor de alta presion (o HP) 1. Despues de una segunda compresion, realizada por el compresor de HP, es transferido por una segunda canalizacion aguas arriba de la transferencia 4 en una camara de combustion cilmdrica 5 y participa en la combustion del carburante introducido en esta camara por un inyector 6. Los gases, despues de la combustion, son expandidos en una turbina de alta presion 7, unida mecanicamente al compresor HP 1 por un arbol motor de HP 15, y pasan, mediante una canalizacion aguas arriba de la transferencia 9, en una camara de distribucion colocada aguas abajo de la turbina de BP. Desde esta camara de distribucion atraviesan una turbina de BP 27 que acciona el compresor de BP 21 por medio del arbol de BP 25. A la salida de la turbina de BP son enviados sobre una turbina libre 11 que acciona el arbol de potencia 12 como precedentemente.The operation of this turbomotor in this second embodiment is analogous to the previous operation in the first embodiment, with the air that is sucked into an inlet nozzle then compressed in the low pressure compressor (or BP) 21. This air it is then transferred by a first pipeline upstream of the transfer 24 in the high pressure compressor (or HP) 1. After a second compression, performed by the HP compressor, it is transferred by a second pipeline upstream of the transfer 4 in a cylindrical combustion chamber 5 and participates in the combustion of the fuel introduced into this chamber by an injector 6. The gases, after combustion, are expanded in a high pressure turbine 7, mechanically connected to the HP 1 compressor by a HP motor shaft 15, and pass through a pipe upstream of transfer 9, in a distribution chamber placed downstream of the BP turbine. From this distribution chamber they pass through a BP 27 turbine that drives the BP compressor 21 by means of the BP shaft 25. At the exit of the BP turbine they are sent on a free turbine 11 that drives the power shaft 12 as above. .
En la configuracion presentada en la fig. 2 el arbol de potencia 12 atraviesa el arbol motor de BP 25 hueco para entrar en el reductor 13. Al contrario el arbol motor de HP gira separadamente, siendo mecanicamente independiente de los otros dos arboles. El hecho de hacer girar el arbol de potencia 12 en el interior del arbol motor de BP 25 no presenta aqrn, los inconvenientes encontrados en los turbomotores de un solo cuerpo de la tecnica anterior con arboles coaxiales, en la medida en que la velocidad de rotacion del arbol de BP es relativamente baja y comparable en valor a la del arbol de potencia 12.In the configuration presented in fig. 2 the power shaft 12 crosses the hollow BP shaft 25 to enter the reducer 13. On the contrary, the HP drive shaft rotates separately, being mechanically independent of the other two trees. Turning the power shaft 12 inside the BP engine shaft 25 does not present here the drawbacks found in single-body turbomotors of the prior art with coaxial shafts, to the extent that the rotation speed of the BP tree is relatively low and comparable in value to that of the power tree 12.
El turbomotor objeto de la invencion, comprende asf, entre otras cosas, las siguientes caractensticas:The turbomotor object of the invention thus comprises, among other things, the following features:
- un generador de gas sobre una lmea de arbol y una turbina libre sobre una segunda lmea de arbol no coaxial con la primera,- a gas generator on a tree line and a free turbine on a second tree line not coaxial with the first,
- una camara de combustion llamada de recipiente unico, es decir de forma sensiblemente cilmdrica o troncoconica, situada por el lado aguas abajo del generador de gas, con referencia al sentido de circulacion de los gases, con un inyector unico,- a combustion chamber called a single vessel, that is to say in a substantially cylindrical or conical shape, located on the downstream side of the gas generator, with reference to the direction of gas flow, with a single injector,
- un carter unico para las piezas giratorias lubricadas del generador de gas y para la caja de transmision principal.- a single case for the lubricated rotating parts of the gas generator and for the main transmission case.
La configuracion descrita mas arriba proporciona un cierto numero de ventajas. Facilita un diseno de "bajo coste" del turbomotor, eligiendo primero de todo un carter comun para las partes a lubricar del generador de gas, del reductor y de la caja de accesorios, y luego una camara de combustion de recipiente unico y finalmente una ausencia de arboles concentricos (o en el caso de un doble cuerpo de solamente dos arboles concentricos en lugar de tres).The configuration described above provides a number of advantages. It facilitates a "low cost" design of the turbomotor, first of all choosing a common crankcase for the parts to be lubricated from the gas generator, the gearbox and the accessory box, and then a single vessel combustion chamber and finally an absence of concentric trees (or in the case of a double body of only two concentric trees instead of three).
La integracion del motor en el helicoptero es facilitada por la eleccion de un generador de gas colocado paralelamente al conjunto asociado con la turbina libre y por una integracion mas acentuada para el conjunto formado por la turbina libre y el reductor. Se obtiene asf una compactibilidad para el turbomotor mejor que para los de la tecnica anterior. Por otro lado esta integracion se efectua conservando, como era el caso en la tecnica anterior con arboles coaxiales, un posicionamiento del reductor en una zona fria del helicoptero, y situandolo por el lado de la admision del aire en el generador de gas y no por el lado de la evacuacion de los gases quemados.The integration of the motor into the helicopter is facilitated by the choice of a gas generator placed parallel to the assembly associated with the free turbine and by a more accentuated integration for the assembly formed by the free turbine and the reducer. A compactibility for the turbomotor is thus obtained better than for those of the prior art. On the other hand, this integration is carried out by preserving, as was the case in the prior art with coaxial trees, a positioning of the reducer in a cold area of the helicopter, and placing it on the side of the admission of air into the gas generator and not by the side of the evacuation of the burned gases.
El diseno en dos partes facilmente separables, una para el generador de gas y otra para la turbina libre y el accionamiento de los accesorios, da al turbomotor una arquitectura modular que facilita el mantenimiento y reduce los costes de mantenimiento.The design in two easily separable parts, one for the gas generator and one for the free turbine and the drive of the accessories, gives the turbomotor a modular architecture that facilitates maintenance and reduces maintenance costs.
Al no ser atravesado el arbol motor 15 del generador de gas (o el arbol motor de HP en el caso de un motor de multiples cuerpos) por otro arbol, puede presentar un diametro reducido y por lo tanto ser optimizado en terminos de resistencia mecanica y de masa.Since the motor shaft 15 of the gas generator (or the HP motor shaft in the case of a multi-body engine) is not traversed by another shaft, it can have a reduced diameter and therefore be optimized in terms of mechanical resistance and of dough.
Finalmente el motor conserva una entrada de aire y un escape orientados de manera axial con relacion al motor, loFinally, the engine retains an axially oriented air intake and exhaust in relation to the engine,
que evita volutas de enderezamiento del flujo gaseoso y las perdidas de rendimiento que se generanan.that avoids straightening voltages of the gaseous flow and the yield losses that are generated.
Esta configuracion de motor es por otro lado compatible con diversos accesorios que mejoran el funcionamiento de los turbomotores, tales como un alternador, o alterno-motor de arranque, a gran velocidad que permite reducir el consumo espedfico del 2 al 3%, un inyector 6 que incorpora la tecnologfa LLP (Lean Premixed Prevaporised, o 5 Pobre, Premezclado y Prevaporizado) de emision reducida de NOx, que es relativamente voluminosa pero cuyo utilizacion se hace posible por el tamano y la forma cilmdrica o troncoconica de la camara de combustion 5, o aun un intercambiador de calor dispuesto a la salida de los gases quemados que reduce el consumo espedfico en aproximadamente el 10% por el recalentamiento del aire a la salida del compresor 1 (o del compresor de BP 21 en el caso de un turbomotor de multiples cuerpos). La disposicion general del turbomotor de arboles paralelos, habida 10 cuenta de la supresion del arbol de potencia en el seno del generador de gas y de la desviacion de los accesorios del eje de este generador, facilita enormemente la instalacion de tales dispositivos.This engine configuration is on the other hand compatible with various accessories that improve the operation of the turbomotors, such as an alternator, or alternator-starter, at high speed that allows to reduce the specific consumption of 2 to 3%, an injector 6 which incorporates the LLP technology (Lean Premixed Prevaporised, or 5 Poor, Premixed and Prevaporized) of reduced NOx emission, which is relatively bulky but whose use is made possible by the size and cylindrical or conical shape of the combustion chamber 5, or even a heat exchanger arranged at the outlet of the burned gases that reduces the specific consumption by approximately 10% by the overheating of the air at the outlet of the compressor 1 (or the BP 21 compressor in the case of a multiple turbomotor bodies) The general arrangement of the parallel tree turbomotor, given the suppression of the power shaft within the gas generator and the deviation of the accessories from the shaft of this generator, greatly facilitates the installation of such devices.
Aunque la invencion haya sido descrita en relacion con varios modos de realizacion particulares, es bien evidente que no esta de ninguna manera limitada a ellos y que comprende todos los equivalentes tecnicos de los medios descritos asf como sus combinaciones si estas entran en el alcance de la invencion.Although the invention has been described in relation to several particular embodiments, it is quite clear that it is not in any way limited to them and that it comprises all the technical equivalents of the described means as well as their combinations if they fall within the scope of the invention.
15fifteen
Claims (11)
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR0951218 | 2009-02-26 | ||
| FR0951218A FR2942497B1 (en) | 2009-02-26 | 2009-02-26 | MULTI-RISER HYBRID TILT-TYPE FLAT-SURFACE LINK INSTALLATION COMPRISING SLIDING FLOATING MODULES |
| PCT/FR2010/052057 WO2011033244A1 (en) | 2009-09-17 | 2010-09-29 | Turboshaft engine with parallel shafts |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2637445T3 true ES2637445T3 (en) | 2017-10-13 |
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|---|---|---|---|
| ES10776767.5T Active ES2637445T3 (en) | 2009-02-26 | 2010-09-29 | Turbomotor with parallel trees |
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| EP (1) | EP2401468B1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2637445T3 (en) |
| FR (1) | FR2942497B1 (en) |
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| FR2952671B1 (en) * | 2009-11-17 | 2011-12-09 | Saipem Sa | INSTALLATION OF FUND-SURFACE CONNECTIONS DISPOSED IN EVENTAIL |
| FR2973473B1 (en) | 2011-03-29 | 2014-06-13 | Saipem Sa | THERMAL INSULATION AND / OR RIGID FLOATABILITY MATERIAL FOR UNDERWATER DRIVING |
| US8657013B2 (en) | 2011-08-19 | 2014-02-25 | Cameron International Corporation | Riser system |
| FR2988424B1 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2014-04-25 | Saipem Sa | INSTALLATION OF MULTI-RISERS HYBRID TILT TYPE FOUNDATION SURFACE CONNECTIONS COMPRISING POSITIVE FLOATABLE FLEXIBLE DUCTS |
| KR102282863B1 (en) | 2013-02-20 | 2021-07-27 | 에모리 유니버시티 | Methods of sequencing nucleic acids in mixtures and compositions related thereto |
| WO2015168432A1 (en) * | 2014-04-30 | 2015-11-05 | Seahorse Equipment Corp | Bundled, articulated riser system for fpso vessel |
| BR102018076868A2 (en) * | 2018-12-21 | 2020-07-07 | Odebrecht Óleo E Gás S.A. | guide system on a hybrid lift tower, and hybrid lift tower |
| FR3106644B1 (en) | 2020-01-24 | 2022-04-15 | Matthieu Hoarau | Pipe for supplying a hydrothermal energy production unit. |
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| ES8105437A1 (en) * | 1980-05-20 | 1981-05-16 | Fayren Jose Marco | Offshore facility for recovery hydrocarbon deposits from deep sea beds |
| FR2768457B1 (en) * | 1997-09-12 | 2000-05-05 | Stolt Comex Seaway | DEVICE FOR UNDERWATER TRANSPORT OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS WITH A COLUMN |
| FR2790054B1 (en) | 1999-02-19 | 2001-05-25 | Bouygues Offshore | METHOD AND DEVICE FOR LOW-SURFACE LINKAGE BY SUBMARINE PIPELINE INSTALLED WITH LARGE DEPTH |
| BR0206204B1 (en) * | 2001-01-08 | 2014-11-25 | Acergy France Sa | "MARINE ASCENDING TUBE TOWER". |
| US6896062B2 (en) * | 2002-01-31 | 2005-05-24 | Technip Offshore, Inc. | Riser buoyancy system |
| GB0227851D0 (en) * | 2002-11-29 | 2003-01-08 | Stolt Offshore Sa | Subsea structure and methods of construction and installation thereof |
| EP2345822B1 (en) | 2004-08-02 | 2019-01-09 | NTN Corporation | Rolling bearing for rocker arm and rocker arm |
| GB0512471D0 (en) * | 2005-06-18 | 2005-07-27 | Stolt Offshore Sa | Hybrid riser tower and methods of installation thereof |
| US20070044972A1 (en) * | 2005-09-01 | 2007-03-01 | Roveri Francisco E | Self-supported riser system and method of installing same |
| GB0704670D0 (en) * | 2006-11-08 | 2007-04-18 | Acergy France Sa | Hybrid tower and methods of installing same |
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| FR2942497A1 (en) | 2010-08-27 |
| WO2010097528A1 (en) | 2010-09-02 |
| EP2401468A1 (en) | 2012-01-04 |
| EP2401468B1 (en) | 2015-03-04 |
| FR2942497B1 (en) | 2013-04-26 |
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