ES2635611T3 - Paper machine tape - Google Patents
Paper machine tape Download PDFInfo
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- ES2635611T3 ES2635611T3 ES13180585.5T ES13180585T ES2635611T3 ES 2635611 T3 ES2635611 T3 ES 2635611T3 ES 13180585 T ES13180585 T ES 13180585T ES 2635611 T3 ES2635611 T3 ES 2635611T3
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- paper machine
- threads
- bioplastic
- biobased
- filar
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F7/00—Other details of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F7/08—Felts
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21F—PAPER-MAKING MACHINES; METHODS OF PRODUCING PAPER THEREON
- D21F1/00—Wet end of machines for making continuous webs of paper
- D21F1/0027—Screen-cloths
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- Woven Fabrics (AREA)
Abstract
Cinta de máquina papelera que presenta un sistema filar con hilos o que consiste en éste, en el que una parte de los hilos o todos los hilos consisten parcial o completamente en un bioplástico y en el que el bioplástico no es biológicamente degradable y se ha fabricado empleando una o varias materias primas renovables, especialmente materias primas vegetales.Paper machine tape that has a thread system or consisting of threads, in which a part of the threads or all threads consist partially or completely of a bioplastic and in which the bioplastic is not biologically degradable and has been manufactured using one or several renewable raw materials, especially vegetable raw materials.
Description
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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION
Cinta de maquina papelera.Paper machine tape.
La invencion concierne a una cinta de maquina papelera.The invention concerns a paper machine tape.
Las cintas de maquina papelera son productos textiles de gran longitud y gran anchura continuos o hechos continuos por medio de una costura, que estan adaptados en su estructura y en la eleccion del material a los requisitos espedficos de una maquina papelera. Las cintas de maquina papelera giran en la maquina papelera y, al circular por la maquina papelera, sostienen entonces la banda de papel que se forma en dicha maquina papelera y hacen posible y fomentan con ello el proceso de drenaje. Se pueden diferenciar aqrn tres tipos basicos de cintas de maquina papelera de conformidad con su lugar de utilizacion.Paper machine belts are textile products of great length and width continuous or made continuously by means of a seam, which are adapted in their structure and in the choice of material to the specific requirements of a paper machine. The paper machine tapes rotate in the paper machine and, when circulating in the paper machine, then hold the paper band that is formed in said paper machine and make it possible and thereby promote the drainage process. Three basic types of paper machine tapes can be distinguished according to their place of use.
En la primera parte de la maquina papelera, la parte formadora, se emplea un tejido monocapa o multicapa sobre el cual se aplica la pasta papelera de tal manera que se forme una banda de papel. Su drenaje se efectua bajo la influencia de la fuerza de la gravedad y por la accion de una depresion a traves del tamiz formador aplicada por medio de cajas de succion. Por este motivo, los tamices formadores tienen que ser, por un lado, muy permeables y, por otro lado, deben presentar una buena retencion de fibras en su lado exterior. En la seccion siguiente de la maquina papelera, la parte de prensado, la banda de papel es recogida por fieltros de prensado y conducida a traves de prensas de cilindros, siendo expulsado bajo presion de prensado el lfquido aun contenido en la banda de papel y siendo este lfquido impulsado a traves del fieltro de prensado. Los fieltros de prensado presentan fundamentalmente un soporte en forma de un sistema filar sobre el cual se han fijados por medio de agujas una o varias capas de fibras. El sistema filar puede ser un tejido, un genero de punto o una napa de hilos. Se conocen tambien combinaciones de tales sistemas filares. La parte de prensado va seguida de una parte de secado en la que se transfiere la banda de papel a unos tamices de secado que conducen la banda de papel sobre cilindros calientes. El drenaje se efectua aqrn por via termica. Los tamices de secado consisten generalmente en un tejido abierto o en una cinta de eslabones de alambre (acerca del tipo: documentos EP 0 171 891 A1, EP 0 472 072 A1 y EP 0 763 623 B1). Ademas, existen aun otras formas de cintas de maquina papelera, por ejemplo las llamadas cintas de prensado de zapata, que estan fabricadas a base de un soporte, constituido, por ejemplo, por un tejido o una napa de hilos, y una capa de polfmero impermeable aplicada sobre el mismo.In the first part of the paper machine, the forming part, a monolayer or multilayer fabric is used on which the paper pulp is applied in such a way that a paper web is formed. Its drainage is carried out under the influence of the force of gravity and by the action of a depression through the forming screen applied by means of suction boxes. For this reason, the forming sieves have to be, on the one hand, very permeable and, on the other hand, they must have a good retention of fibers on their outer side. In the next section of the paper machine, the pressing part, the paper strip is collected by pressing felts and driven through presses of cylinders, the liquid still contained in the paper strip being expelled under pressing pressure and being this liquid driven through the pressing felt. The pressing felts essentially have a support in the form of a filar system on which one or more layers of fibers have been fixed by means of needles. The filar system can be a fabric, a knitwear or a nappa of threads. Combinations of such pillar systems are also known. The pressing part is followed by a drying part in which the paper web is transferred to drying sieves that conduct the paper web on hot cylinders. The drainage is done here thermally. Drying sieves generally consist of an open fabric or a wire link tape (about type: EP 0 171 891 A1, EP 0 472 072 A1 and EP 0 763 623 B1). In addition, there are still other forms of paper machine tapes, for example the so-called shoe pressing tapes, which are made of a support, constituted, for example, of a fabric or a thread of threads, and a layer of polymer waterproof applied on it.
Los sistemas filares de tales cintas de maquina papelera se han fabricado anteriormente a base de lana o algodon. Sin embargo, sus propiedades mecanicas estaban tan restringidas que no podfan acomodarse al desarrollo adicional de las maquinas papeleras. Por este motivo, las cintas de maquina papelera se fabrican desde hace varios decenios exclusivamente a base de plasticos que se basan en materias primas fosiles, como polietileno, polipropileno, poliamida, poliester, politereftalato de etileno, polieteretercetona y similares. En este caso, el consumo cuantitativo de tales plasticos es bastante considerable, ya que, debido a las condiciones ambientales desfavorables en la maquina papelera, las cintas de maquina papelera tienen solamente una vida util de algunos meses y despues deben cambiarse por cintas nuevas.The pillar systems of such paper machine tapes have previously been made of wool or cotton. However, their mechanical properties were so restricted that they could not accommodate the further development of paper machines. For this reason, paper machine belts have been manufactured for several decades exclusively based on plastics that are based on fossil raw materials, such as polyethylene, polypropylene, polyamide, polyester, ethylene polyterephthalate, polyether ether ketone and the like. In this case, the quantitative consumption of such plastics is quite considerable, since, due to the unfavorable environmental conditions in the paper machine, the paper machine tapes have only a useful life of a few months and then must be changed to new tapes.
Las materias fosiles empleadas para plasticos polfmeros, especialmente las materias primas petroqmmicas, como aceite mineral, se estan agotando. Dado que no se puede sustituir todavfa el aceite mineral para la fabricacion de carburantes, existe una necesidad general de cuidar los recursos de aceite mineral hasta donde sea posible y reservarlos para las aplicaciones en las que siguen siendo imprescindibles.The fossil materials used for polymer plastics, especially petrochemical raw materials, such as mineral oil, are being depleted. Since mineral oil cannot still be replaced for the manufacture of fuels, there is a general need to take care of mineral oil resources as far as possible and reserve them for applications where they remain essential.
Se conoce por el documento DE 20 2008 016 863 U1 una cinta de maquina papelera que contiene cuerpos de volumen que consisten al menos parcialmente en un material biologicamente degradable, especialmente al menos un polfmero biologicamente degradable. El sentido de esta medida es el de generar un proceso de degradacion biologica durante el tiempo de funcionamiento de la cinta para compensar el volumen de cavidades cegado o degradado. Como cuerpos de volumen entran en consideracion aqrn tambien hilos de urdimbre o de trama, hilos de relleno, filamentos, hilados y torcidos.DE 20 2008 016 863 U1 is known as a paper machine belt containing bodies of volume that consist at least partially of a biologically degradable material, especially at least one biologically degradable polymer. The meaning of this measure is to generate a biological degradation process during the operation time of the tape to compensate for the volume of blinded or degraded cavities. As bodies of volume come into consideration here also warp or weft threads, filler threads, filaments, yarns and twists.
La invencion se basa en el problema de prever para cintas de maquina papelera unos materiales que esten en condiciones de sustituir a los plasticos basados en materias primas petroqmmicas empleados hasta ahora para cintas de maquina papelera.The invention is based on the problem of providing for paper machine belts materials that are in a position to replace plastics based on petrochemical raw materials used so far for paper machine belts.
Este problema se resuelve segun la invencion por el hecho de que la cinta de maquina papelera presenta un sistema filar con hilos o consiste en este, en el que una parte de los hilos o todos los hilos consisten parcial o completamente en un bioplastico y en el que el bioplastico no es degradable biologicamente y se ha fabricado empleando una o varias materias primas renovables, especialmente materias primas vegetales.This problem is solved according to the invention by the fact that the paper machine belt has a filar system with threads or consists of this, in which a part of the threads or all the threads consist partially or completely of a bioplastic and in the that the bioplastic is not biologically degradable and has been manufactured using one or several renewable raw materials, especially vegetable raw materials.
Gracias al empleo de tales plasticos se proporciona una contribucion a la conservacion de los recursos fosiles. Ademas, los bioplasticos se pueden desechar en vertederos de una manera poco problematica y su material se puede recuperar en su mayor parte para un nuevo empleo.Thanks to the use of such plastics, a contribution to the conservation of fossil resources is provided. In addition, bioplastics can be disposed of in landfills in an unproblematic way and their material can be recovered for the most part for a new job.
Para uso en la maquina papelera son adecuados especialmente los biopolfmeros siguientes. Asf, entran enThe following biopolymers are especially suitable for use in the paper machine. Thus, they enter
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consideracion plasticos que se basan en almidon, especialmente almidon termoplastico. La materia prima para el almidon puede ser mafz, trigo, patatas o tapioca. En este caso, se debera emplear un plastico de almidon resistente al agua como el que se desprende, por ejemplo, de los documentos EP 0 596 437 A2, WO 02/051284 A2 o WO 96/19599 A1.Consideration plastics that are based on starch, especially thermoplastic starch. The raw material for starch can be corn, wheat, potatoes or tapioca. In this case, a water-resistant starch plastic should be used, as shown, for example, in EP 0 596 437 A2, WO 02/051284 A2 or WO 96/19599 A1.
Otra materia prima es la celulosa, la cual se transforma adicionalmente, por ejemplo, por medio de esterificacion. Ejemplos de polfmeros de celulosa pueden encontrarse en los documentos JP 2009-138022 A1, JP 2003-082160 A1, WO 2011/097700 A1, JP 2004-010844, JP 2004-131670 A1, JP 2003-335898 A1 y CN 101 492 837 A1.Another raw material is cellulose, which is further transformed, for example, by esterification. Examples of cellulose polymers can be found in JP 2009-138022 A1, JP 2003-082160 A1, WO 2011/097700 A1, JP 2004-010844, JP 2004-131670 A1, JP 2003-335898 A1 and CN 101 492 837 A1 .
Otro bioplastico adecuado esta representado por el acido polilactico, tambien llamado acido de polilactida (PLA), tal como este se describe, por ejemplo, en los documentos WO 02/051284 A2 y WO 2011/097700 A1 con fines de fabricacion de fibras e hilos textiles, pero tambien en los documentos JP 2003-082160 A1, JP 2008-223177 A1 y JP 2008-297680 A1. Es adecuado tambien el politereftalato de trimetileno (PTT) basado en 1,3-propanodiol (PDO), tal como este se desprende, por ejemplo, de los documentos WO 2010/078328 A2, US 2010/0168372 A1, JP 2008223177 A1 y JP 2008-297680 A1.Another suitable bioplastic is represented by the polylactic acid, also called polylactide acid (PLA), as this is described, for example, in WO 02/051284 A2 and WO 2011/097700 A1 for the purpose of manufacturing fibers and threads textiles, but also in documents JP 2003-082160 A1, JP 2008-223177 A1 and JP 2008-297680 A1. Trimethylene polyterephthalate (PTT) based on 1,3-propanediol (PDO) is also suitable, as this follows, for example, from WO 2010/078328 A2, US 2010/0168372 A1, JP 2008223177 A1 and JP 2008-297680 A1.
Un bioplastico tambien adecuado es poliamida (PA) biobasada, tal como esta se describe, por ejemplo, en los documentos JP 2010-222721 A1, WO 2011/094673 A2, WO 2011/066619 A1 o WO 2011/066620 A1. Se aplica una consideracion correspondiente para el polihidroxialcanoato (PHA), tal como este se ha revelado, por ejemplo, en los documentos JP 2008-223177 A1 y JP 2008-297680, asf como para polietileno (PE) biobasado.A suitable bioplastic is also biobased polyamide (PA), as described, for example, in JP 2010-222721 A1, WO 2011/094673 A2, WO 2011/066619 A1 or WO 2011/066620 A1. A corresponding consideration is applied for polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA), as this has been revealed, for example, in JP 2008-223177 A1 and JP 2008-297680, as well as for biobased polyethylene (PE).
Biopolfmeros tambien adecuados son el policloruro de vinilo (PVC) constituido por eteno o etino biobasado, el politereftalato de butileno (PBT) biobasado, por ejemplo mencionado en los documentos US 2010/0168371 A1 y WO 2010/078328 A2, el polisulfuro de fenileno (PPS), el politereftalato de etileno (PET), por ejemplo descrito en los documentos WO 2010/101698 A2, CN 101525416 A1, WO 2010/078328 A2, US 2010/0168371 A1 y WO 2009/120457 A2, el polfmero de politereftalato de etileno-co-isosorbida (PEIT), el poliester basado en 1,3- propanodiol, por ejemplo mencionado en los documentos US 2010/0168371 a1, wO 2010/078328 A2 y WO 2008/088501 A1, y tambien el poliuretano (PUR) constituido por polioles biobasados e isocionatos biobasados.Also suitable biopolymers are vinyl polychloride (PVC) consisting of ethene or biobased ethyne, biobased butylene polyterephthalate (PBT), for example mentioned in US 2010/0168371 A1 and WO 2010/078328 A2, phenylene polysulfide ( PPS), ethylene polyterephthalate (PET), for example described in WO 2010/101698 A2, CN 101525416 A1, WO 2010/078328 A2, US 2010/0168371 A1 and WO 2009/120457 A2, the polyterephthalate polymer ethylene-co-isosorbide (PEIT), the polyester based on 1,3-propanediol, for example mentioned in US 2010/0168371 a1, wO 2010/078328 A2 and WO 2008/088501 A1, and also polyurethane (PUR) consisting of biobased polyols and biobased isocyanates.
Los documentos del estado de la tecnica anteriormente citados se integran con todo su contenido en el contenido de la presente descripcion. Esto rige especialmente para los procesos de fabricacion presentados en los documentos y tambien para las combinaciones con otros respectivos materiales y materias primas. Se sobrentiende que los bioplasticos o las materias primas antes citados - siempre que sea posible - pueden mezclarse tambien para ello unos con otros o - siempre que lo exijan los requisitos - con los plasticos conocidos basados en aceite mineral, por ejemplo formando compuestos o combinaciones.The documents of the prior art mentioned above are integrated with all their content in the content of this description. This applies especially to the manufacturing processes presented in the documents and also for combinations with other respective materials and raw materials. It is understood that the bioplastics or the aforementioned raw materials - whenever possible - can also be mixed with each other or - whenever required by the requirements - with known plastics based on mineral oil, for example forming compounds or combinations.
El sistema filar puede configurarse como tejido, genero de punto o napa de hilos o bien como cinta de eslabones de alambre, asf como a base de combinaciones de estos. En el sistema filar pueden estar presentes hilos que esten configurados como monofilamentos - tambien alambres - y/o como multifilamentos o torcidos. Para los multifilamentos pueden emplearse tanto fibras de bioplasticos como fibras de plasticos basados en aceite mineral.The filar system can be configured as a fabric, knitted or nappa thread or as a wire link tape, as well as based on combinations of these. In the filar system, threads may be present that are configured as monofilaments - also wires - and / or as multifilaments or twists. For multifilaments, both bioplastic fibers and plastic fibers based on mineral oil can be used.
El sistema filar puede presentar tambien varias capas, de las que al menos una capa contiene hilos o consiste en estos, los cuales consisten total o parcialmente en un bioplastico. Son posibles tambien aqrn combinaciones de bioplastico y plasticos petroqmmicos, a cuyo fin, por ejemplo, se puede fabricar una de las capas a base de un bioplastico y la otra capa a base de un plastico petroqmmico o bien se pueden fabricar ambas capas a base de una combinacion de ambas clases de plasticos. Cuando lo permitan las condiciones ambientales en la maquina papelera, ambas partes deberan estar fabricadas a base de un respectivo bioplastico adecuado para ello a fin de poder prescindir de plasticos petroqmmicos en la mayor medida posible.The filar system can also have several layers, of which at least one layer contains threads or consists of these, which consist entirely or partially of a bioplastic. Combinations of bioplastic and petrochemical plastics are also possible, for which purpose, for example, one of the layers can be manufactured based on a bioplastic and the other layer based on a petrochemical plastic or both layers can be manufactured based on A combination of both kinds of plastics. When the environmental conditions in the paper machine allow it, both parts must be manufactured based on a respective bioplastic suitable for it in order to be able to dispense with petrochemical plastics to the greatest extent possible.
Como ocurre en las cintas de maquina papelera conocidas, tambien aqrn una capa del sistema filar puede estar configurada como un tejido o un genero de punto y otra capa puede estar configurada como una napa de hilos en la que los hilos estan colocados uno sobre otro y no estan tejidos o tricotados uno con otro.As is the case with known paper machine tapes, also here a layer of the filar system can be configured as a fabric or a knitwear and another layer can be configured as a web of threads in which the threads are placed one above the other and They are not knitted or knitted with each other.
Como ya se ha mencionado, en el sistema filar pueden estar presentes hilos que consistan parcialmente en el bioplastico y parcialmente en un plastico petroqmmico, a cuyo fin ambos plasticos estan mezclados como un compuesto o una combinacion y/o una parte de los hilos esta fabricada a base de un bioplastico y otra parte esta fabricada a base de un plastico petroqmmico. Esto puede tener lugar, por ejemplo, de tal forma que los hilos esten configurados como hilos de nucleo-envolvente, y el nucleo este fabricado a base del bioplastico y la envolvente este fabricada a base del plastico petroqmmico, o viceversa. Sin embargo, pueden estar presentes tambien hilos que esten configurados como hilos multifilamentarios y/o torcidos, en cuyo caso una parte de los filamentos puede consistir en el bioplastico y otra parte de los filamentos puede consistir en el plastico petroqmmico.As already mentioned, threads may be present in the filar system that consist partially of the bioplastic and partially of a petrochemical plastic, for which purpose both plastics are mixed as a compound or a combination and / or a part of the threads is manufactured based on a bioplastic and another part is manufactured based on a petrochemical plastic. This can take place, for example, in such a way that the threads are configured as core-shell threads, and the core is made of bioplastic and the shell is made of petrochemical plastic, or vice versa. However, threads that are configured as multifilament and / or twisted threads may also be present, in which case one part of the filaments may consist of the bioplastic and another part of the filaments may consist of petrochemical plastic.
En particular, la cinta de maquina papelera puede estar configurada como un tamiz formador que puede utilizarse en la seccion formadora para producir la banda de papel. En este caso, los hilos que consisten parcial o completamente en el bioplastico deberan tener propiedades en los intervalos siguientes:In particular, the paper machine tape can be configured as a forming screen that can be used in the forming section to produce the paper web. In this case, the threads that consist partially or completely in the bioplastic should have properties at the following intervals:
Diametro del hilo: 0,08 - 0,5 mm;Wire diameter: 0.08-0.5 mm;
Fuerza de traccion: 2 - 110 N;Traction force: 2 - 110 N;
Alargamiento del hilo a la rotura: 10 - 32%;Elongation of the thread at break: 10 - 32%;
Modulo de elasticidad del hilo: 80 - 9250 N/mm2.Modulus of elasticity of the thread: 80 - 9250 N / mm2.
5 En otra ejecucion de la invencion se ha previstos que la cinta de maquina papelera este provista de un revestimiento y que el revestimiento consista parcial o completamente en un bioplastico, por ejemplo uno de los bioplasticos anteriormente definidos con detalle. Independientemente de esto, la cinta de maquina papelera puede estar tambien provista de una capa de fibras, en cuyo caso la capa de fibras consiste parcial o completamente en un bioplastico.5 In another embodiment of the invention it is provided that the paper machine tape is provided with a coating and that the coating consists partially or completely of a bioplastic, for example one of the bioplastics previously defined in detail. Regardless of this, the paper machine tape can also be provided with a fiber layer, in which case the fiber layer consists partially or completely of a bioplastic.
La cinta de maquina papelera anteriormente descrita puede estar configurada preferiblemente como un tamiz 10 formador, un fieltro de prensado o un tamiz de secado.The paper machine belt described above may preferably be configured as a forming screen 10, a pressing felt or a drying screen.
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE202012103846U | 2012-10-08 | ||
| DE202012103846U DE202012103846U1 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2012-10-08 | The paper machine belt |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2635611T3 true ES2635611T3 (en) | 2017-10-04 |
Family
ID=47228879
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES13180585.5T Active ES2635611T3 (en) | 2012-10-08 | 2013-08-15 | Paper machine tape |
Country Status (6)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140096928A1 (en) |
| EP (1) | EP2716813B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN103710791A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE202012103846U1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2635611T3 (en) |
| PT (1) | PT2716813T (en) |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE202021101509U1 (en) | 2021-03-23 | 2021-07-06 | Heimbach Gmbh | Industrial textile and use |
| FI20215999A1 (en) * | 2021-09-24 | 2023-03-25 | Valmet Technologies Inc | Press felt |
| FI20216278A1 (en) * | 2021-12-15 | 2023-06-16 | Valmet Technologies Inc | Yarn |
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| US8038847B2 (en) * | 2008-07-03 | 2011-10-18 | Voith Patent Gmbh | Structured forming fabric, papermaking machine and method |
| EP2370491B1 (en) | 2008-12-30 | 2016-04-13 | SABIC Global Technologies B.V. | Process of making compositions comprising bio-based therephthalic acid or bio-based dimethyl terephthalate |
| US20100168371A1 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2010-07-01 | Corrado Berti | Bio-Based Terephthalate Polyesters |
| US8946472B2 (en) | 2008-12-31 | 2015-02-03 | Sabic Innovative Plastics Ip B.V. | Bio-based terephthalate polyesters |
| PL2403894T3 (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2016-12-30 | Bio-based polyethylene terephthalate packaging and method of making thereof | |
| CN101492837B (en) | 2009-03-03 | 2012-05-30 | 江苏盛丰登泰生物技术有限公司 | Process for producing bacteria cellulose fibre with high degree of polymerization |
| PT2230352E (en) * | 2009-03-20 | 2012-12-05 | Heimbach Gmbh & Co Kg | Woven fabric band for circulation in a machine |
| JP2010222721A (en) | 2009-03-23 | 2010-10-07 | Toray Monofilament Co Ltd | Polyamide monofilament and use thereof |
| NZ600193A (en) | 2009-12-03 | 2013-06-28 | Interface Australia Pty Ltd | Biobased polyhexamethylene sebacamide fibre and yarn |
| JP2013512052A (en) | 2009-12-03 | 2013-04-11 | インターフェース・オーストラリア・ピーティーワイ・リミテッド | Laminated floor coverings |
| CN103097434B (en) | 2010-02-01 | 2015-08-19 | 英威达技术有限公司 | Bio-based terpolymer and preparation method thereof |
| CN102906123A (en) | 2010-02-11 | 2013-01-30 | Fp创新研究中心 | Nanocomposite biomaterials of nanocrystalline cellulose (ncc) and polylactic acid (pla) |
-
2012
- 2012-10-08 DE DE202012103846U patent/DE202012103846U1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
2013
- 2013-08-15 PT PT131805855T patent/PT2716813T/en unknown
- 2013-08-15 EP EP13180585.5A patent/EP2716813B1/en active Active
- 2013-08-15 ES ES13180585.5T patent/ES2635611T3/en active Active
- 2013-09-26 CN CN201310544129.4A patent/CN103710791A/en active Pending
- 2013-10-08 US US14/048,217 patent/US20140096928A1/en not_active Abandoned
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PT2716813T (en) | 2017-05-30 |
| EP2716813B1 (en) | 2017-05-03 |
| EP2716813A1 (en) | 2014-04-09 |
| DE202012103846U1 (en) | 2012-10-25 |
| CN103710791A (en) | 2014-04-09 |
| US20140096928A1 (en) | 2014-04-10 |
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