ES2629486B2

ES2629486B2 - Equipment for the automatic placement of mantles used in the collection of fruits and their subsequent collection with collection of the fallen fruits on them.

Info

Publication number: ES2629486B2
Application number: ES201630151A
Authority: ES
Inventors: Antonio De Lara Cruz; Enrique Del Pozo Polidoro
Original assignee: Moleo Tecnologias SL
Current assignee: Moleo Tecnologias SL
Priority date: 2016-02-10
Filing date: 2016-02-10
Publication date: 2018-08-06
Anticipated expiration: 2036-02-10
Also published as: ES2629486R1; ES2629486A2

Abstract

Equipo para la colocación automática de mantos usados en la recolección de frutos y su posterior recogida con acopio de los frutos caídos sobre ellos, que presenta una estructura soporte o chasis (4) que comprende:#- un tambor (5) en el que se enrolla un manto o una ristra de mantos (1);#- un dispositivo de guiado (6) de los mantos durante su enrollamiento en el citado tambor (5), que facilita la distribución uniforme de los mantos plegados en todo a lo ancho del tambor de enrollamiento (5);#- al menos un brazo (7) extensor de los mantos durante su colocación, situado lateralmente al equipo a continuación del dispositivo de guiado (6), que incluye:#- al menos una guía (9) de extensión de mantos, que mantiene el borde (3) del manto elevado del suelo.#- al menos un elemento tensor (8), intercalado entre la salida de la ristra de mantos del tambor (5) y la guía (9), que mantiene el borde (3) del manto (1) tensionado y elevado del suelo.Equipment for the automatic placement of mantles used in the collection of fruits and their subsequent collection with collection of the fallen fruits on them, which presents a support structure or chassis (4) comprising: # - a drum (5) in which wind a mantle or a string of mantles (1); # - a guiding device (6) of the mantles during its winding in said drum (5), which facilitates the uniform distribution of the folded mantles throughout the width of the winding drum (5); # - at least one arm (7) extending the mantles during placement, located laterally to the equipment following the guiding device (6), which includes: # - at least one guide (9) of mantle extension, which keeps the edge (3) of the raised mantle of the ground. # - at least one tensioning element (8), sandwiched between the outlet of the drum mantle string (5) and the guide (9), that keeps the edge (3) of the mantle (1) stressed and raised from the ground.

Description

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DESCRIPCIONDESCRIPTION

Equipo para la colocacion automatica de mantos usados en la recoleccion de frutos y su posterior recogida con acopio de los frutos caidos sobre ellos.Equipment for the automatic placement of mantles used in the collection of fruits and their subsequent collection with collection of the fallen fruits on them.

Campo de la invencionField of the Invention

En la recoleccion de frutos, especialmente de la aceituna, se usan mantos de malla para interceptar la caida de los mismos al suelo y facilitar su acopio posterior con vistas a la subsiguiente carga en contenedores o remolques.In the collection of fruits, especially the olive, mesh mantles are used to intercept the fall of the same to the ground and facilitate its subsequent collection with a view to the subsequent loading in containers or trailers.

Estado de la tecnicaState of the art

La recoleccion de la aceituna de molino en los paises productores tradicionales de aceite de oliva, especialmente los de la cuenca mediterranea, los cuales copan alrededor del 90% de la produccion mundial de esta grasa, no ha progresado tanto en productividad como en los nuevos productores entrantes. Esto ha sido debido principalmente, a que en estos ultimos paises, como Argentina, Australia y Chile, se han hecho grandes plantaciones en terrenos llanos, donde la mecanizacion puede acometerse financiera y tecnicamente mediante cosechadoras de tipo cabalgante, que requieren, terrenos con poca pendiente y gran superficie.The collection of the mill olives in the traditional olive oil producing countries, especially those in the Mediterranean basin, which cover about 90% of the world production of this fat, has not progressed in productivity as well as in the new producers Incoming This has been mainly due to the fact that in these last countries, such as Argentina, Australia and Chile, large plantations have been made on flat land, where mechanization can be undertaken financially and technically by means of gentle-type harvesters, which require, land with little slope and large surface.

Hasta la fecha, la puesta de estos mantos para cubrir toda la superficie de caida de los frutos se ha venido haciendo de forma manual o parcialmente mecanizada, pero nunca de forma de forma masiva y automatizada.To date, the laying of these mantles to cover the entire surface of the fall of the fruits has been done manually or partially mechanized, but never in a massive and automated way.

Por otra parte, la posterior recogida de dichos mantos con acopio de los frutos derribados, excepto en el procedimiento patentado por el inventor segun la patente ES 2371714, se hace de forma individual por manto, mientras que con el equipo de la invencion se mejora el enrollador previsto en las anteriores solicitudes, donde la recogida de mantos con acopio de frutos se hace recogiendo toda la calle de la plantacion, que puede ser de varios cientos de arboles.On the other hand, the subsequent collection of said mantles with collection of the downed fruits, except in the procedure patented by the inventor according to the patent ES 2371714, is done individually by mantle, while with the equipment of the invention the improvement is improved winder provided in the previous applications, where the collection of mantles with fruit gathering is done by collecting the entire street of the plantation, which can be several hundred trees.

Con la invencion propuesta, unida a los progresos alcanzables mediante los desarrollos de las anteriormente citadas y otros progresos en el derribo, incluidos los de robotizacion del mismo, propuestos por el mismo inventor, se podranWith the proposed invention, together with the attainable progress through the developments of the aforementioned and other demolition progress, including robotization of the same, proposed by the same inventor, may be

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alcanzar en productividad, rentabilidad y afectacion al arbol, a las tecnologlas anteriormente citadas, a pesar de tener que operar en plantaciones de menor tamano y con pendientes del terreno acusadas.to reach productivity, profitability and affectation to the tree, to the aforementioned technologies, despite having to operate in smaller plantations and with steep terrain slopes.

Descripcion de la invencionDescription of the invention

Para facilitar la comprension de las caracterlsticas de la invencion, se acompana a la presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que se ha representado lo siguiente:To facilitate the understanding of the features of the invention, a set of drawings in which the following has been represented is attached to the present specification:

Fig. 1.- Esquema que muestra una calle de la plantacion en donde se ha colocado una ristra de mantos de solo dos mantos por simplicidad del dibujo como en las siguientes, con cubricion de la calle completa y con los bordes paralelos a los troncos.Fig. 1.- Scheme showing a street of the plantation where a string of mantles of only two mantles has been placed for simplicity of the drawing as in the following, with coverage of the complete street and with the edges parallel to the trunks.

Fig. 2.- Esquema que muestra una calle de la plantacion en donde se ha colocado una ristra de mantos, con cubricion de la calle completa y con los bordes tangentes a los troncos y pliegues (58) sobrepasando a los mismosFig. 2.- Scheme showing a street of the plantation where a string of mantles has been placed, covering the entire street and with the edges tangent to the trunks and folds (58) exceeding them

Fig. 2a.- Es un esquema que muestra una hilera de arboles en la que se han colocado dos ristras de mantos con cubricion lateral de las dos calles adyacentes a la hilera de arboles, con los bordes de los mantos tangentes a los troncos y pliegues (58) solapados entre si.Fig. 2a.- It is a scheme that shows a row of trees in which two strings of mantles have been placed with lateral covering of the two streets adjacent to the row of trees, with the edges of the mantles tangent to the trunks and folds (58) overlapping each other.

Fig. 2b.- Muestra un esquema de como se consigue que el equipo coloque el borde del manto tangente a los troncos de los arboles dejando los pliegues (58) sobrepasando a la hilera de arboles.Fig. 2b.- It shows a scheme of how the team is able to place the edge of the mantle tangent to the trunks of the trees leaving the folds (58) exceeding the row of trees.

Fig. 3.- Esquema que muestra una calle de la plantacion en donde se ha colocado una ristra de mantos con cubricion de la calle completa, con los bordes sobrepasando la llnea de los arboles, cinendose a los troncos de los mismos y por tanto solapandose con los de las calles adyacentes.Fig. 3.- Scheme showing a plantation street where a string of mantles with full street covering has been placed, with the edges exceeding the tree line, moving to the tree trunks and therefore overlapping them. with those of the adjacent streets.

Fig. 3a.- Esquema que muestra una hilera de arboles en la que se han colocado dos ristras de mantos con cubricion lateral de las dos calles adyacentes a la hilera,Fig. 3a.- Scheme showing a row of trees in which two layers of mantles with lateral covering of the two streets adjacent to the row have been placed,

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con los bordes de los mantos sobrepasando la ilnea de los arboles y cinendose a los troncos de los mismos, usando un equipo con dos brazos, dotados de rodillos.with the edges of the mantles surpassing the ilnea of the trees and moving to the trunks of the same, using a team with two arms, equipped with rollers.

Fig. 3b.- Esquema que muestra una hilera de arboles en la que se han colocado dos ristras de mantos con cubricion lateral de las dos calles adyacentes a la hilera, con los bordes de los mantos sobrepasando la llnea de los arboles, cinendose a los troncos de los mismos usando un equipo con un solo brazo, dotado de rodillos.Fig. 3b.- Scheme showing a row of trees in which two strings of mantles have been placed with lateral covering of the two streets adjacent to the row, with the edges of the mantles exceeding the tree line, moving to the their trunks using a single-arm device, equipped with rollers.

Fig. 4.- Equipo completo, con dos brazos, incluyendo la opcion de flexion del extremo del brazo en ellos y cabrestante, en posicion de colacion de mantos, donde se ha vaciado de mantos el tambor para hacer mas visible la figura.Fig. 4.- Complete equipment, with two arms, including the option of flexing the end of the arm in them and winch, in mantle collision position, where the drum has been emptied of mantles to make the figure more visible.

Fig. 5.- Equipo completo, con dos brazos, incluyendo la opcion de flexion del brazo en ellos y cabrestante, colocando mantos.Fig. 5.- Complete equipment, with two arms, including the option of flexion of the arm in them and winch, placing mantles.

Fig. 6.- Equipo completo, con dos brazos, incluyendo la opcion de flexion del brazo en ellos y cabrestante, en posicion de recogida de mantos.Fig. 6.- Complete equipment, with two arms, including the option of flexion of the arm in them and winch, in mantle collection position.

Fig. 7.- Dispositivo de guiado de mantos durante su enrollado.Fig. 7.- Device for guiding mantles during winding.

Fig. 8.- Dispositivo de guiado de mantos durante su colocacion.Fig. 8.- Device for guiding mantles during placement.

Fig. 9.- El brazo (7) cuando se usan rodillos (10) de traccion de mantos.Fig. 9.- The arm (7) when using rollers (10) for pulling trays.

Fig.10.- Union para formar la ristra de mantos, de una de las esquinas de dos mantos en dos puntos (19 y 20) mediante anillas (14) y mosquetones (12). En el borde del manto (3) de la derecha se puede efectuar un pinzamiento (59) que lo acorte respecto al reto de la malla (15).Fig. 10.- Union to form the string of mantles, of one of the corners of two mantles at two points (19 and 20) using rings (14) and carabiners (12). On the edge of the mantle (3) on the right a clamp (59) can be made that shortens it with respect to the challenge of the mesh (15).

Fig. 11.- Una esquina de un manto especial (esquina con corte en el dobladillo para poder ver la cuerda).Fig. 11.- A corner of a special mantle (corner with cut at the hem to see the rope).

Fig. 12.- Esquema de la parte del circuito hidraulico correspondiente al cilindro de doble vastago (22) que acciona las gulas verticales de enrollamiento (27) en relacion con el motor (21) de tambor y la forma de retener el mismo.Fig. 12.- Diagram of the part of the hydraulic circuit corresponding to the double rod cylinder (22) that drives the vertical winding glues (27) in relation to the drum motor (21) and how to retain it.

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La presente invencion tiene por objeto un equipo capaz de colocar adecuadamente bajo los arboles (2) los mantos de malla (1) usados en la recoleccion de frutos, en particular aceitunas para seguidamente, una vez derribados los frutos sobre ellos, recogerlos con acopio de los mismos. Estas dos operaciones son realizadas una despues de otra, de forma clclica e ininterrumpida, siempre que con la maquinaria de derribo, que no es objeto de la presente invencion, sea capaz de mantener el ritmo impuesto por el equipo que maneja la presente invencion, invirtiendo la situacion actual donde el equipo de derribo es el que espera al anterior.The present invention has as its object a team capable of properly placing under the trees (2) the mantles of mesh (1) used in the collection of fruits, in particular olives, and then, once the fruits are demolished on them, they can be collected with the same. These two operations are carried out one after the other, in a cyclical and uninterrupted manner, provided that with the demolition machinery, which is not the subject of the present invention, is able to maintain the pace imposed by the equipment that manages the present invention, investing the current situation where the demolition team is the one waiting for the previous one.

Los mantos (1) comunmente usados actualmente en estas labores, aunque sean de tejido de malla, tienen sus bordes de tejido tupido a efectos de su propia integridad, lo que hace que sean mas rlgidos a la traccion que el conjunto del manto, que por su propia estructura son facilmente deformables en sentido transversal. La invencion, como veremos mas adelante, se basa en esta cualidad de los mantos convencionales a los que se les coloca dos puntos de amarre por esquina (19 y 20) en los que se les coloca anillas (14) para ser facilmente enganchados mediante mosquetones (12) y se le realiza pequenos pinzamientos (59) en sus bordes longitudinales, pero ademas propone un tipo de manto especial con el cual se mejora la operatividad de la invencion.The mantles (1) commonly used today in these tasks, although they are made of mesh fabric, have their edges of dense tissue for the purposes of their own integrity, which makes them more rigid to the traction than the whole of the mantle, which by Their own structure are easily deformable in a transverse direction. The invention, as we will see later, is based on this quality of conventional mantles to which two tie points are placed per corner (19 and 20) in which rings (14) are placed to be easily hooked by carabiners (12) and small pinches (59) are made on its longitudinal edges, but also proposes a special type of mantle with which the operability of the invention is improved.

El equipo puede colocar los mantos de tres maneras distintas en relacion a como deposita el borde de los mismos respecto de la hilera de los arboles a cubrir:The team can place the mantles in three different ways in relation to how it deposits the edge of them with respect to the row of trees to be covered:

- La primera y mas basica lo hace con sus bordes (3) paralelos a los troncos de las hileras de arboles (2) a recolectar (Fig. 1). Esta opcion requerira un trabajo manual posterior para dejar los mantos (1) debidamente extendidos bajo los arboles, a fin de evitar la no recogida del fruto caldo entre ellos.- The first and most basic is done with its edges (3) parallel to the trunks of the rows of trees (2) to be collected (Fig. 1). This option will require subsequent manual work to leave the mantles (1) properly extended under the trees, in order to avoid non-collection of the broth fruit between them.

- La segunda opcion incorporada en este equipo es mas compleja y preve colocar los bordes (3) de los mantos (1) tangentes a la hilera que forman los troncos arboles (Fig. 2). mientras que la franja del manto conexa con dicho borde, queda plegada sobre el mismo formando lo que llamaremos pliegue (58); dicho pliegue sobrepasara la llnea de la hilera de arboles (Fig. 2). Los pliegues (58) correspondientes a dos calles contiguas quedaran solapados entre si, sellando todo el espacio de calda del fruto (Fig.2a)- The second option incorporated in this equipment is more complex and provides for placing the edges (3) of the mantles (1) tangent to the row formed by the tree trunks (Fig. 2). while the strip of the mantle connected with said edge, is folded on it forming what we will call fold (58); said fold will exceed the line of the tree line (Fig. 2). The folds (58) corresponding to two adjoining streets will be overlapping each other, sealing the entire space of fruit broth (Fig. 2a)

- La tercera forma en la que este equipo es capaz de colocar los mantos (1) se efectua de modo que los bordes de los mantos (3) bordean los troncos y- The third way in which this equipment is able to place the mantles (1) is done so that the edges of the mantles (3) border the trunks and

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sobrepasan la hilera de arboles (2), quedando los mantos correspondientes a dos calles contiguas, solapados entre si (Fig. 3).they surpass the row of trees (2), leaving the mantles corresponding to two adjoining streets, overlapping each other (Fig. 3).

La invencion permite ademas realizar las operaciones anteriores con mantos de gran longitud e incluso con multitud de ellos unidos por sus esquinas formando ristras, lo cual redunda en una alta productividad en la recoleccion. En el texto nos referimos a ristras o mantos indistintamente, entendiendose que un manto es una ristra de un solo manto.The invention also allows the above operations to be carried out with long length mantles and even with a multitude of them joined by their corners forming strips, which results in high collection productivity. In the text we refer to strings or mantles interchangeably, understanding that a mantle is a string of a single mantle.

Por todo lo anterior y por la productividad que proporciona este equipo, es idoneo para uso en los procedimientos de recoleccion que se describen en la patente ES 2371714. No obstante, el equipo propuesto puede ser usado de forma independiente del metodo descrito en la patente citada, mejorando la eficiencia de la labor en la que se aplique, incluso permitiendo realizar de forma rentable, la separation de la recogida principal de la llamada labor de "apurado del arbol”, dado que la productividad que se alcanza con el equipo, permite realizar una segunda puesta de mantos exclusivamente para esta labor.For all the above and for the productivity provided by this equipment, it is suitable for use in the collection procedures described in patent ES 2371714. However, the proposed equipment can be used independently of the method described in the cited patent , improving the efficiency of the work in which it is applied, even allowing to perform in a cost-effective way, the separation of the main collection of the so-called "tree rush" work, given that the productivity achieved with the equipment, allows performing a second laying of mantles exclusively for this work.

El equipo de la invencion puede configurarse como maquina o semi-maquina, ya que puede ser autopropulsado, montado como implemento en un tractor agricola o bien llevado arrastrado como remolque por un vehiculo tractor, para ello cuenta con una estructura soporte o chasis (4), que incorpora los siguientes elementos fundamentales:The equipment of the invention can be configured as a machine or semi-machine, since it can be self-propelled, mounted as an implement on an agricultural tractor or carried as a trailer by a tractor vehicle, for this purpose it has a support structure or chassis (4) , which incorporates the following fundamental elements:

- Un tambor (5) enrollador de mantos. Cuyas funciones son las de almacenamiento de mantos, servir de elemento tractor en su recogida y de retencion en su colocacion.- A drum (5) mantle roller. Whose functions are the storage of mantles, serve as a tractor element in its collection and retention in its placement.

- Un dispositivo de guiado (6) de los mantos, particularmente durante su enrollamiento en el citado tambor (5). Cuyas funciones son las de compactar el manto para su enrollamiento ordenado en el tambor (5) y la de dar salida suave al manto durante su colocacion- A guiding device (6) of the mantles, particularly during its winding in said drum (5). Whose functions are those of compacting the mantle for its orderly winding in the drum (5) and that of giving smooth exit to the mantle during its placement

- Uno o dos brazos (7) extensores del manto durante su colocation. Cuya funcion es la de servir de soporte a los elementos tensores (8), de guia (9) y opcionalmente a los de flexion de su extremo (38) (45) y a los rodillos tractores del manto (10)- One or two arms (7) extending the mantle during placement. Whose function is to support the tensioning elements (8), guide (9) and optionally those of flexion of its end (38) (45) and the traction rollers of the mantle (10)

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- Al menos un elemento tensor (8) en cada uno de los brazos (7) extensores de mantos. Cuya funcion es mantener la tension del borde del manto (3) en la gula (9) de extension de mantos ante relajaciones, provocadas principalmente por la flexion del extremo del brazo (37) al paso de los troncos y/o por las asimetrlas en el desenrollado de ambos bordes (3) del manto durante la colocacion del mismo- At least one tensioning element (8) in each of the arms (7) mantle extenders. Whose function is to maintain the tension of the edge of the mantle (3) in the glula (9) of extension of mantles before relaxation, caused mainly by the flexion of the end of the arm (37) to the passage of the trunks and / or by the asymmetries in the unwinding of both edges (3) of the mantle during its placement

- Al menos una gula (9) de extension de mantos en cada uno de los brazos extensores (7). Cuyas funciones son las de desplegar a lo ancho el correspondiente borde del manto (3), la de soportar elevado del suelo el citado borde hasta la salida del equipo y opcionalmente la de servir de alimentador de borde de manto (3) a los rodillos tractores (10)- At least one glutton (9) of mantle extension in each of the extension arms (7). Whose functions are to deploy the corresponding edge of the mantle (3) across the width, to support the said edge raised from the ground to the exit of the equipment and optionally to serve as a mantle edge feeder (3) to the tractor rollers (10)

Y, opcionalmente:And, optionally:

- Un conjunto de flexion del extremo del brazo, aplicable a cada brazo formado por una articulacion de eje vertical (45) y un resorte con o sin amortiguacion (38) o eventualmente un servo. Cuya funcion es la de permitir la flexion del extremo del brazo (37) al paso de los troncos (2) y reposicionarlo inmediatamente despues- A set of flexion of the end of the arm, applicable to each arm formed by a vertical axis joint (45) and a spring with or without damping (38) or possibly a servo. Whose function is to allow flexion of the end of the arm (37) to the passage of the trunks (2) and reposition it immediately after

- Unos pares de rodillos de traccion (10) de los mantos (1) que permiten la extension de los mismos en torno al tronco de los arboles (2). Cuya funcion es la de traccionar el borde del manto (3) hasta el punto de su deposition.- Some pairs of traction rollers (10) of the mantles (1) that allow their extension around the trunk of the trees (2). Whose function is to pull the edge of the mantle (3) to the point of its deposition.

- Un cabrestante auxiliar (11) de enrollamiento de la cuerda de recogida de mantos (1). Cuya funcion es traer el extremo de la ristra de mantos(1) hasta el equipo- An auxiliary winch (11) for winding the mantle collection rope (1). Whose function is to bring the end of the string of mantles (1) to the equipment

- Un tipo de manto especial, cuya funcion es reforzar y asegurar la calidad de los mantos para esta aplicacion, especialmente si se usan rodillos (10).- A special type of mantle, whose function is to reinforce and ensure the quality of the mantles for this application, especially if rollers are used (10).

Para realizar la operation de recogida de mantos (1) sin pisar los frutos, el equipo se coloca en la calle en la parte de fuera de un extremo de la ristra de mantos a recoger, para empezar enrollando el manto del otro extremo tirando de sus esquinas mas alejadas. Para acercar dicho extremo a la maquina, con el fin de poder fijarlo al tambor (5) y empezar el enrollamiento de la ristra, se usa una cuerda (13) que se abrocha con un mosqueton (12) en las esquinas del manto, la cual se recoge enrollandola con el cabrestante auxiliar (11). Si no se dispone del mismo, el propio tambor (5) puede hacer la funcion de cabrestante, con el inconveniente en este caso, de que la cuerda (13) una vez recogida, quedara envuelta y cubierta porTo perform the mantle collection operation (1) without stepping on the fruits, the equipment is placed in the street at the outside of one end of the string of mantles to be collected, to begin by winding the mantle at the other end by pulling its far corners. To bring said end to the machine, in order to be able to fix it to the drum (5) and start the winding of the string, a rope (13) is fastened with a carabiner (12) in the corners of the mantle, the which is collected by winding it with the auxiliary winch (11). If it is not available, the drum itself (5) can act as a winch, with the drawback in this case, that the rope (13) once collected, will be wrapped and covered by

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el conjunto de mantos (1), lo cual impedira su inmediata accesibilidad; mientras que si se usa el cabrestante (11), una vez que el extremo del manto traido por la cuerda (13) haya llegado a las cercanias del equipo, se desabrocha esta del manto (1) y se abrochan los extremos de este al tambor o en su caso, al ultimo manto enrollado en el mismo.the set of mantles (1), which will prevent its immediate accessibility; while if the winch (11) is used, once the end of the mantle brought by the rope (13) has reached the vicinity of the equipment, it is unbuttoned from the mantle (1) and the ends of this are fastened to the drum or where appropriate, to the last mantle rolled in it.

La operacion de abrochado del primer manto se hace pasando previamente el mismo a traves del dispositivo de guiado (6) de enrollado de mantos, con el fin de que los mismos se enrollen compactados y en capas, con la finalidad de que ocupen menos volumen y queden con ambos bordes (3) juntos, a fin de evitar la formacion de nudos y enredos en el desenrolle posterior que se haga de los mantos. Seguidamente se hace la recogida de toda la ristra de mantos depositada en la calle de arboles enrollandolos en el tambor (5); de forma que conforme se va tirando de los diferentes mantos de la ristra, estos van envolviendo los frutos derribados sobre ellos, transportandolos y depositandolos acopiados en montones coincidentes con los empalmes existentes entre los distintos mantos que componen la ristra.The operation of fastening the first mantle is done by previously passing it through the guiding device (6) for winding mantles, so that they are rolled up compacted and layered, in order to occupy less volume and stay with both edges (3) together, in order to avoid the formation of knots and tangles in the subsequent unwinding of the mantles. Subsequently, the collection of the whole string of mantles deposited in the street of trees is done by rolling them in the drum (5); so that as the different mantles of the string are pulled, they wrap the downed fruits on them, transporting them and depositing them in piles coinciding with the joints between the different mantles that make up the string.

La gran ventaja, en tiempo y medios, que tiene el uso del cabrestante (11) para enrollar la cuerda (13), es que al quedar esta accesible a la hora de desenrollar la ristra de mantos, se puede ir dejando puesta encima de los mismos al tiempo que estos son colocados (ver Fig. 5). De esta manera se evitan desplazamientos posteriores para fijarla en ambos extremos de la ristra de mantos.The great advantage, in time and means, which has the use of the winch (11) to wind the rope (13), is that when it is accessible when unrolling the string of mantles, it can be left on top of the same as these are placed (see Fig. 5). In this way, subsequent displacements are avoided to fix it at both ends of the mantle string.

El dispositivo de guiado (6) Fig. (7 y 8) durante el enrollado de la invencion, tiene la singularidad de que se ha sincronizado la velocidad de giro del tambor (5) con la velocidad de traslacion de la guias verticales de enrollamiento (27) del dispositivo de guiado (6), en base al uso escalonado del aceite que acciona el motor del tambor (5) y el del cilindro que desplaza la guias verticales de enrollamiento (27), al montarse de forma que pasa el mismo caudal de aceite por dichos dispositivos en el circuito hidraulico correspondiente (Fig.12).The guiding device (6) Fig. (7 and 8) during the winding of the invention has the singularity that the speed of rotation of the drum (5) has been synchronized with the speed of translation of the vertical winding guides ( 27) of the guiding device (6), based on the staggered use of the oil that drives the drum motor (5) and that of the cylinder that moves the vertical winding guides (27), when mounted so that the same flow rate passes of oil by said devices in the corresponding hydraulic circuit (Fig. 12).

En la Fig.7 se puede ver que fijado encima de la carcasa (31) del citado cilindro (22) y convenientemente colocado, se encuentra un conmutador (47) de contactos electricos, el cual bascula hacia un lado y hacia otro cada vez que tropieza con los finales de carrera (46), dando lugar a la apertura y cierre de dos contactosIn Fig. 7 it can be seen that fixed above the housing (31) of said cylinder (22) and conveniently placed, there is a switch (47) of electrical contacts, which swings to one side and another each time encounters the limit switches (46), resulting in the opening and closing of two contacts

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electricos de manera inversa. Cuando esta energizado el circuito electrico que alimenta dichos contactos, el cierre del contacto correspondiente da lugar a la energizacion alternativa de las bobinas (48) y (49) del distribuidor hidraulico (57) y por tanto al llenado alternativo de las camaras (56) del cilindro desde la llnea de presion (53) y al vaciado tambien alternativo de cada camara hacia la llnea de tanque (54). Dicho vaciado se hace pasando previamente por el distribuidor hidraulico (55) cuya mision veremos mas adelante y cuya bobina (51) para esta maniobra estara desenergizada, por lo que sin derivation alguna se hara pasar tambien a traves del motor del tambor (21), con lo que se consigue que el mismo caudal de aceite mueva al cilindro(22) y al motor(21) y por tanto que la velocidad de giro del tambor(5) este sincronizada con la velocidad de traslacion de las gulas verticales (27).Reversely electric. When the electrical circuit that feeds these contacts is energized, the closing of the corresponding contact results in the alternative energization of the coils (48) and (49) of the hydraulic distributor (57) and therefore the alternative filling of the chambers (56) of the cylinder from the pressure line (53) and also the alternative emptying of each chamber to the tank line (54). Said emptying is done by passing through the hydraulic distributor (55) whose mission we will see later and whose coil (51) for this maneuver will be de-energized, so that without any derivation it will also be passed through the drum motor (21), with which it is achieved that the same oil flow moves to the cylinder (22) and the engine (21) and therefore that the speed of rotation of the drum (5) is synchronized with the speed of translation of the vertical glues (27) .

La colocation de los mantos desde el tambor, con objeto de cubrir el suelo bajo los arboles, se realiza tirando de sus bordes, para llevarlos a las zonas adecuadas, para as! conseguir que el conjunto del manto quede en el lugar apropiado. Como vimos anteriormente, el equipo de la invention permite varias modalidades de colocacion de los mantos en las calles de la plantation atendiendo a que los bordes de los mantos (3) queden paralelos, tangentes o que sobrepasen la hilera de arboles, pero tambien existen mas modalidades atendiendo al ancho de la plantacion e incluso a que se usen uno o dos brazos. Sera la topologla de la plantacion, el tipo de equipo de derribo que se use o bien la velocidad y simplicidad con que se quiera realizar la operation, lo que decida la cubricion a realizar. A continuation se describen las que se estiman mas interesantes:The placement of the mantles from the drum, in order to cover the ground under the trees, is done by pulling their edges, to take them to the appropriate areas, so! get the mantle assembly in the right place. As we saw earlier, the team of the invention allows several modalities of placing the mantles in the streets of the plantation, taking care that the edges of the mantles (3) are parallel, tangent or that exceed the row of trees, but there are also more modalities according to the width of the plantation and even to the use of one or two arms. It will be the topology of the plantation, the type of demolition equipment used or the speed and simplicity with which you want to perform the operation, whatever the coverage to be carried out. The following describes the ones that are considered most interesting:

Cubricion de la calle completa. Adecuada para calles no demasiado anchas respecto al ancho de la maquinaria generalmente usada en el laboreo del cultivo correspondiente, como tractores, remolques, etc. En cuyo caso puede optarse por que los bordes sean paralelos a los troncos de arboles a recolectar (Fig. 1), que sean tangentes a la llnea de arboles (Fig. 2), en cuyo caso se solaparan los pliegues (58) de los mantos correspondientes a dos calles contiguas (Fig.2a) produciendose como se esquematiza en la (Fig.2b) o bien que sobrepasen la llnea de los arboles solapandose de manera simple con los mantos de las dos calles contiguas (Fig. 3, 3a)Full street coverage. Suitable for streets not too wide with respect to the width of the machinery generally used in the cultivation of the corresponding crop, such as tractors, trailers, etc. In which case it is possible to opt for the edges to be parallel to the trunks of trees to be collected (Fig. 1), which are tangent to the tree line (Fig. 2), in which case the folds (58) of the mantles corresponding to two adjoining streets (Fig. 2a) occurring as outlined in (Fig. 2b) or exceeding the tree line simply overlapping with the mantles of the two adjoining streets (Fig. 3, 3a)

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Cubricion del lateral de la calle. Adecuada para calles muy anchas respecto a la maquinaria, por ejemplo las de olivares tradicionales, en cuyo caso, puede optarse por la colocacion de los bordes de los mantos (3) tangentes a la hilera de arboles (2a, 2b) o bien por la colocacion de manera que abracen los troncos (Fig. 3.3b).Covering of the side of the street. Suitable for very wide streets with respect to machinery, for example those of traditional olive groves, in which case, you can opt for the placement of the edges of the mantles (3) tangent to the row of trees (2a, 2b) or for the positioning so that they hug the trunks (Fig. 3.3b).

En el caso de cubrir la calle completa se usara normalmente un equipo con dos brazos, uno por cada lado de la calle; no obstante cuando el suelo esta humedo o cuando se trata de calles anchas se puede optar por cubrir, en cada puesta de mantos, solo uno de los laterales de la calle, en cuyo caso puede usarse un equipo con un solo brazo, en este supuesto el manto quedara arrugado a lo largo de todo su recorrido (ver Fig. 3b), mientras que si se utilizan dos brazos el manto quedara arrugado unicamente a la altura de los troncos de los arboles (ver Fig. 3a). En ambos casos, estas arrugas pueden ser una ventaja para evitar que los frutos rueden fuera del manto en la calda por derribo. Es recomendable que el equipo disponga de dos brazos, aunque solo sea para poder trabajar indistintamente a izquierdas o derechas; por ello a partir de ahora nos referiremos, por simplicidad en la description, a dos brazos sin menoscabo de aquellos que por simplicidad o coste instalen solo un brazo.In the case of covering the entire street, a team with two arms will normally be used, one on each side of the street; However, when the ground is wet or when it comes to wide streets, you can choose to cover, at each mantle, only one side of the street, in which case you can use a single-arm device, in this case the mantle will be wrinkled along its entire length (see Fig. 3b), while if two arms are used the mantle will be wrinkled only at the height of the tree trunks (see Fig. 3a). In both cases, these wrinkles can be an advantage to prevent the fruits from rolling out of the mantle in the broth by demolition. It is recommended that the team has two arms, if only to be able to work either left or right; Therefore, from now on we will refer, for simplicity in the description, to two arms without detriment of those that for simplicity or cost install only one arm.

Cuando se opta porque los bordes de los mantos traspasen y permanezcan mas alla de la llnea de los arboles solapandose con los mantos de la calle contigua (Fig.3, 3a, 3b), ademas de tener que usar un conjunto de flexion por brazo (Fig. 9), compuesto por una articulation (45) y un dispositivo de recuperation (38) como puede ser un muelle o un servomotor, es necesario que la traction de los bordes (3) de los mantos se realice desde dispositivos instalados en el propio equipo, como son los pares de rodillos de traccion (10) previstos como option en la invention, accionados por un motor hidraulico (44). Estos rodillos (10) (Fig. 9), instalados en la parte extrema de cada brazo extensor (7) estan alimentados de borde (3) del manto desde la gula (9) de extension de mantos y lo van depositando a su salida, que normalmente sera mas alla de la llnea de arboles, para asl producir el solapamiento con el de la calle contigua. En esta opcion se exige una coordinacion entre la velocidad de giro de los rodillos (10) y la del equipo tractor, incluyendo la detection de los troncos, donde al paso de estos se debe incrementar la velocidad de los rodillos para hacer el solape, compensando asl el menor recorrido del tractor al moverse por la calle en llnea recta. Existen en el mercado servos usados para otras funciones que pueden realizar esta funcion o incluso los modernos tractoresWhen it is chosen because the edges of the mantles cross and remain beyond the tree line overlapping with the mantles of the adjacent street (Fig. 3, 3a, 3b), in addition to having to use a set of flexion per arm ( Fig. 9), composed of an articulation (45) and a recovery device (38) such as a spring or a servomotor, it is necessary that the traction of the edges (3) of the mantles be performed from devices installed in the own equipment, such as the pairs of traction rollers (10) provided as an option in the invention, driven by a hydraulic motor (44). These rollers (10) (Fig. 9), installed in the extreme part of each extension arm (7) are fed from the edge (3) of the mantle from the gula (9) of mantle extension and deposit it at its exit, which will normally be beyond the tree line, in order to produce the overlap with that of the adjacent street. This option requires a coordination between the speed of rotation of the rollers (10) and that of the tractor equipment, including the detection of the logs, where the speed of the rollers must be increased to overlap, compensating asl the shortest route of the tractor when moving along the street in a straight line. There are servos used in the market for other functions that can perform this function or even modern tractors

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permiten entrar en su control electronico con senales y algoritmos para facilmente realizar la misma.They allow you to enter your electronic control with signals and algorithms to easily perform it.

Cuando se opta por la colocacion mas basica que es la paralela a los troncos (Fig.1), la traccion se hace desde puntos fijos externos al equipo, como pueden ser los primeros arboles a cubrir, valiendose del avance del equipo y de la retention al desenrolle producida por el tambor. En estos casos, para depositar cada borde del manto se usara la gula de extension de mantos (9), situada en el extremo del brazo (7) correspondiente. La gula de extension de mantos (9), que puede estar formada por una o mas piezas, es un elemento director del borde (3) del manto (1), para lo cual interfiere en su trayectoria de extension comprendida entre el tambor (5) y el elemento de traccion provocando un angulo en la misma. La caracterlstica principal de la gula de extension de mantos (9) es el tener una forma tal que al menos una section de la misma, en el plano vertical, presenta un perfil concavo; por dicho perfil orientado convenientemente, es por donde circula de manera estable el borde (3) del manto cuando esta continuamente tensionado. Dicha gula (9) extendera convenientemente el borde del manto (3) para que finalmente quede paralelo a los troncos de los arboles (2) y a una distancia de las hileras de arboles tal que al circular el equipo poniendo los mantos, se evite tropezar en los troncos con los brazos. Si se desea que los bordes (3) de los mantos queden tangentes a los troncos de los arboles (Fig.2), ademas de fijar el extremo inicial de la ristra de mantos en puntos como los primeros troncos de los arboles a cubrir, es necesario disponer de la option de flexion del extremo del brazo que permita girar a este y reponerse, ya que la gula de colocacion en este caso, como en el caso anterior, va en el extremo del brazo, pero ahora sobrepasando la llnea de los troncos y por tanto interfiriendo con los mismos; de hecho el borde del manto (3) en un primer momento se lleva mas alla de la hilera de arboles (Fig. 2b) (representado de puntos en la figura), pero al sobrepasar el siguiente tronco, la tension a la que esta sometido el borde del manto hace que este se estire, deslizandose hasta apoyarse lateralmente en los troncos y quedando en llnea recta y tangente a los mismos, no as! el pliegue de manto (58) que se forma inmediatamente debajo del mismo, que permanecera mas alla de la llnea de los arboles al no estar tensionada . Ademas de la simplicidad y rapidez de colocacion de mantos mediante la traccion por elementos fijos externos, otra ventaja de esta opcion es que la longitud extendida de manto o ristra de mantos esta referenciada al terreno, pues los mantos se van desenrollando y colocando conforme va avanzando el vehlculo tractor, mientras queWhen you opt for the most basic placement that is parallel to the logs (Fig. 1), the traction is done from fixed points external to the equipment, such as the first trees to be covered, using the advance of the equipment and retention when unrolling produced by the drum. In these cases, to deposit each edge of the mantle, the mantle extension glutton (9), located at the end of the corresponding arm (7), will be used. The mantle extension glutton (9), which can be formed by one or more pieces, is a leading element of the edge (3) of the mantle (1), for which it interferes with its extension path between the drum (5). ) and the traction element causing an angle in it. The main feature of the mantle extension glutton (9) is to have a shape such that at least one section thereof, in the vertical plane, has a concave profile; by said profile oriented conveniently, it is where the edge (3) of the mantle circulates stably when it is continuously tensioned. Said glutton (9) will conveniently extend the edge of the mantle (3) so that it is finally parallel to the trunks of the trees (2) and at a distance from the rows of trees such that when the equipment circulates putting the mantles, it is avoided to trip over The trunks with the arms. If it is desired that the edges (3) of the mantles remain tangent to the tree trunks (Fig. 2), in addition to fixing the initial end of the string of mantles at points such as the first trunks of the trees to be covered, it is it is necessary to have the option of flexion of the end of the arm that allows it to rotate and recover, since the glutton in this case, as in the previous case, goes at the end of the arm, but now exceeding the trunk line and therefore interfering with them; in fact the edge of the mantle (3) at first is carried beyond the tree line (Fig. 2b) (represented by points in the figure), but when the next trunk is exceeded, the tension to which it is subjected the edge of the mantle causes it to stretch, sliding to lean laterally on the trunks and staying straight and tangent to them, not so! the mantle fold (58) that forms immediately below it, which will remain beyond the tree line as it is not stressed. In addition to the simplicity and speed of placement of mantles through the traction by external fixed elements, another advantage of this option is that the extended length of mantle or string of mantles is referenced to the ground, since the mantles are unrolling and placing as it progresses the tractor vehicle while

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con elementos de traccion soportados en el propio equipo, se hace necesario acompasar la velocidad lineal de desenrolle de mantos con la velocidad de avance de la maquina. Como se ha indicado anteriormente, la opcion de borde tangente a los troncos es la preferida.With traction elements supported on the equipment itself, it is necessary to match the linear speed of unrolling mantles with the speed of advance of the machine. As indicated above, the tangent edge option to the logs is preferred.

Descripcion de un modo de realizacionDescription of an embodiment

El equipo de la invention cuenta con una estructura soporte o chasis (4) que puede ir arrastrado sobre ruedas, montado en un vehlculo, o soportado en los tres puntos de un tractor. El equipo que preferentemente usa elementos hidraulicos para realizar los movimientos, puede tener su propia estacion de bombeo, usar la del tractor o vehlculo motor, o ambas. Puede ser manejado unicamente por el conductor del vehlculo tractor aunque en determinadas circunstancias puede ser asistido por otros operarios.The equipment of the invention has a support structure or chassis (4) that can be dragged on wheels, mounted on a vehicle, or supported on the three points of a tractor. The team that preferably uses hydraulic elements to carry out the movements, can have its own pumping station, use the tractor or motor vehicle, or both. It can only be driven by the driver of the tractor vehicle although in certain circumstances it can be assisted by other operators.

Montado en el chasis (4) sobre sus correspondientes rodamientos va el conjunto del tambor de enrollamiento (5) el cual esta accionado por un motor hidraulico (21) que puede girar en ambos sentidos pero que recibe la alimentation hidraulica para girar en sentido de enrollar, o bien del cilindro de doble efecto y doble vastago (22) para realizar esta funcion, o bien desde una llnea donde se ha instalado un dispositivo con presion (52) controlada para retener, en la maniobra de colocation de mantos.Mounted on the chassis (4) on their corresponding bearings is the winding drum assembly (5) which is driven by a hydraulic motor (21) that can rotate both ways but receives the hydraulic feed to rotate in the direction of winding , or of the double-acting cylinder and double rod (22) to perform this function, or from a line where a device with pressure (52) controlled to retain has been installed, in the mantle placement maneuver.

El dispositivo de presion controlada (52) que se ve en la Fig.12, consiste por ejemplo, en una valvula de regulation de presion existente en el mercado, la cual reducirla la presion de la llnea a la que esta conectada a un valor igual a la de consigna fijada; esto se consigue en este caso en base a derivar parte del caudal que recibe a tanque. Para el proposito se reducirla la presion a la necesaria para crear la tension de los bordes del manto deseada. Para alimentar el motor del tambor desde esta llnea, el conmutador de contactos electricos (47) (Fig. 7) estara desenergizado y por tanto (Fig.12), las bobinas (48 y 49) del distribuidor (57), en cambio la bobina (51) del distribuidor (55) estara energizada, todo ello mandado por el operador, con lo que la llnea de presion (53) quedarla conectada con la entrada del motor (21) via la llnea de presion controlada, causando la retention del mismo en el desenrollado. Para evitar retrocesos indeseados de fluido en la conmutacion de alimentacion al motor(21), bien desde el cilindro de la gula de enrollado (22) o bien desde la llnea de presion controlada por el regulador de presion (52), se hanThe controlled pressure device (52) seen in Fig. 12 consists, for example, of a pressure regulation valve existing in the market, which will reduce the pressure of the line to which it is connected to an equal value to the setpoint set; This is achieved in this case based on deriving part of the flow that receives the tank. For this purpose the pressure will be reduced to that necessary to create the tension of the edges of the desired mantle. To feed the drum motor from this line, the electrical contact switch (47) (Fig. 7) will be de-energized and therefore (Fig. 12), the coils (48 and 49) of the distributor (57), instead the coil (51) of the distributor (55) will be energized, all ordered by the operator, so that the pressure line (53) is connected to the motor inlet (21) via the controlled pressure line, causing the retention of the Same in the unwind. In order to avoid unwanted reversals of fluid in the motor supply switching (21), either from the roller of the winding guide (22) or from the pressure line controlled by the pressure regulator (52),

instalado en las respectivas llneas sendas valvulas antiretorno (50) El tambor (5)installed on the respective lines of the non-return valves (50) The drum (5)

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tiene una carcasa (23) preferiblemente desmontable concentrica con su eje, sobre ella van unos elementos de anclaje (24) en los que se abrocha el primer manto (1) de la ristra de mantos para proceder a enrollar en la operation de recogida de mantos, o bien se desabrocha con el fin de dejar el ultimo manto en el suelo en la maniobra de colocation de mantos (Fig. 5). La capacidad operativa del tambor viene dada por la diferencia de volumen entre el cilindro de radio equivalente al de los aros (25) y el limitado por la carcasa (23) con relation al volumen especlfico de los mantos utilizados. La ristra de mantos se forma con varios mantos (1) unidos entre si a lo largo, por sus esquinas mediante mosquetones (12). Con objeto de que cada union trabaje como una franja de manto al paso por la gula de extension (9), dichas uniones se haran en dos puntos por esquina, uno de ellos situado en la propia esquina (19) y al menos otro, (20) cercano a la misma en el borde transversal del manto. (Fig.10 y 11). Para poder separarlos facilmente en otras ristras de igual o menor longitud a depositar en las calles de la plantation, los puntos de union se dotaran de anillas (14) donde abrochar rapidamente los mosquetones (12).It has a housing (23) preferably detachable concentric with its axis, on it are anchoring elements (24) in which the first mantle (1) of the mantle string is fastened to proceed to wind up in the mantle collection operation , or it is unbuttoned in order to leave the last mantle on the floor in the mantle placement maneuver (Fig. 5). The operating capacity of the drum is given by the difference in volume between the radius cylinder equivalent to that of the rings (25) and the one limited by the housing (23) in relation to the specific volume of the mantles used. The string of mantles is formed with several mantles (1) joined together along its corners by carabiners (12). In order for each union to work as a strip of mantle as it passes through the extension glutton (9), said joints will be made at two points per corner, one of them located in the corner itself (19) and at least one other, ( 20) close to it at the transverse edge of the mantle. (Fig. 10 and 11). In order to easily separate them into other strings of equal or lesser length to deposit in the streets of the plantation, the junction points will be provided with rings (14) where to quickly fasten the carabiners (12).

El motor hidraulico (21) que acciona el tambor de enrollamiento (5), ademas de tener las funciones de enrollamiento y de portar los mantos (1), sirve tambien como elemento de traction en el desenrolle de estos, para ajustar el tensionado de sus bordes en la colocacion automatica de los mismos.The hydraulic motor (21) that drives the winding drum (5), in addition to having the functions of winding and carrying the mantles (1), also serves as a traction element in the unwinding of these, to adjust the tension of their edges in their automatic placement.

El dispositivo de guiado de enrollado de mantos referenciado en su conjunto como (6) y representado en detalle en la Fig. 7 consta de dos gulas de enrollamiento horizontales (26), consistentes en sendos cillndricos montados preferiblemente sobre rodamientos, y de dos gulas de enrollamiento verticales (27), que tienen forma de diabolo y estan unidas en su parte superior a soportes (28) que se desplazan horizontalmente a traves de sendas gulas (29). Dichos soportes (28) se accionan por la carcasa (31) del cilindro (22) de doble efecto y doble vastago, situado en position horizontal por encima y/o por detras de dichos soportes; el desplazamiento en sentido horizontal de la carcasa (31) se produce al tener fijados los extremos (30) de sus vastagos al chasis (4) del equipo. Uno de los soportes (28) se fija a la carcasa (31) del cilindro hidraulico (22) mediante un teton (32), mientras que el otro soporte (28) se abrocha con el anterior mediante una aldaba (33) que se fija en otro teton (34), de forma que ambos soportes permanecen unidos y proximos cuando las gulas verticales (27), en la operacion de recogida, efectuan unThe mantle winding guiding device as a whole referenced as (6) and represented in detail in Fig. 7 consists of two horizontal winding glues (26), consisting of two cylindrical ones preferably mounted on bearings, and two gulas of vertical winding (27), which are shaped like a symbol and are attached in their upper part to supports (28) that move horizontally through glues (29). Said supports (28) are actuated by the casing (31) of the double acting and double rod cylinder (22), located horizontally above and / or behind said supports; horizontal displacement of the housing (31) occurs when the ends (30) of its rods are fixed to the chassis (4) of the equipment. One of the supports (28) is fixed to the housing (31) of the hydraulic cylinder (22) by means of a stud (32), while the other support (28) is fastened with the previous one by means of a knocker (33) that is fixed in another teton (34), so that both supports remain joined and close when the vertical glues (27), in the collection operation, perform a

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movimiento alternative izquierda-derecha que permite el enrollamiento de los mantos en toda la longitud del tambor (5), en virtud del movimientos de la carcasa (31) del cilindro hidraulico de doble vastago (22). Para activar las bobinas (48 y49) del distribuidor (57) del circuito hidraulico, cuyo esquema se representa en la Fig.12, por el cual se alimentan el cilindro de doble efecto y doble vastago (22) y el motor (21) del tambor, fijado sobre la carcasa (31) del cilindro de doble efecto y doble vastago (22) se situa el conmutador de contactos de fin de carrera (47) que invierte la posicion de los contactos que activan a las bobinas(48 y 49) cuando interfiere de forma alternativa con los finales de carrera (46) instalados al efecto.left-right alternative movement that allows the coils to be rolled over the entire length of the drum (5), by virtue of the movements of the casing (31) of the double rod hydraulic cylinder (22). To activate the coils (48 and 49) of the distributor (57) of the hydraulic circuit, the scheme of which is shown in Fig. 12, through which the double acting and double rod cylinder (22) and the motor (21) of the drum, fixed on the housing (31) of the double acting and double rod cylinder (22) is the limit switch (47) that reverses the position of the contacts that activate the coils (48 and 49) when it interferes alternately with the limit switches (46) installed for this purpose.

Durante la colocacion de los mantos (ver Fig. 8) el cilindro hidraulico (22) no tiene operatividad, por lo que las gulas verticales (27) estan paradas y no ejecutan el movimiento de vaiven antes descrito; para ello, la aldaba (33) se abate en posicion contraria a la Fig. 7, desvinculando los soportes (28) de la fijacion detallada anteriormente y fijando al chasis el soporte (28) no unido a la carcasa mediante el teton (32) en el lateral opuesto a aquel, quedando entonces los soportes (28) y las gulas verticales (27) por tanto abiertas para facilitar la salida de los mantos (1) todo a lo ancho de la boca de la gula (6).During the placement of the mantles (see Fig. 8) the hydraulic cylinder (22) has no operability, so that the vertical glues (27) are stopped and do not perform the vaiven movement described above; for this, the knocker (33) is folded in a position opposite to Fig. 7, detaching the supports (28) from the previously detailed fixing and fixing to the chassis the support (28) not attached to the housing by means of the stud (32) on the side opposite to that, then the supports (28) and the vertical glues (27) are therefore open to facilitate the exit of the mantles (1) all across the mouth of the glutton (6).

El sistema de colocacion de mantos consta de al menos un brazo (7), pero preferentemente de dos brazos telescopicos laterales, que permiten adaptarse a la anchura de las calles donde va a trabajar el equipo, una vez fijada su posicion. Para recogerlos para el transporte, cambio de calle o en la operacion de enrollamiento, se abaten mediante la accion de cilindros hidraulicos (35) que los hacen girar alrededor de sendas articulaciones (36) mediante una sola maniobra de abatimiento de 90° en un plano perpendicular, para dejarlos recogidos en posicion vertical (ver Fig. 6). Opcionalmente para reducir la anchura del equipo en el transporte, se pueden articular los brazos en sentido longitudinal, de forma que realizando un giro de 90° o 180° los elementos sobresalientes, como los patines o ruedas (39) no sobresalgan o lo hagan en la menor medida en la direction de avance del vehlculo. Particularmente cuando se opta que el equipo realice solape de mantos o, el brazo (7) presenta una articulation (45) y un muelle (38) con o sin amortiguador, o alternativamente un servo, a fin de que el extremo exterior (37) de cada brazo pueda girar al paso del tronco de los arboles, venciendo la resistencia del resorte (38), para volver seguidamente a su posicion de partida por la accion del mismo oThe mantle placement system consists of at least one arm (7), but preferably two lateral telescopic arms, which allow to adapt to the width of the streets where the equipment is going to work, once its position is fixed. To pick them up for transport, street change or in the winding operation, they are lowered by means of the action of hydraulic cylinders (35) that rotate them around two joints (36) by means of a single 90 ° folding maneuver in a plane perpendicular, to leave them collected in an upright position (see Fig. 6). Optionally to reduce the width of the equipment in the transport, the arms can be articulated longitudinally, so that by performing a 90 ° or 180 ° rotation the protruding elements, such as the skates or wheels (39) do not protrude or do so in the smallest measure in the direction of advance of the vehicle. Particularly when it is decided that the equipment overlaps mantles or, the arm (7) has an articulation (45) and a spring (38) with or without a damper, or alternatively a servo, so that the outer end (37) of each arm it can turn to the passage of the trunk of the trees, overcoming the resistance of the spring (38), to return then to its starting position by the action of the same or

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por la accion del servo. Para guardar la distancia al suelo del conjunto se dispone de una rueda o patln (39).by the action of the servo. To keep the ground clearance of the assembly there is a wheel or skid (39).

Soportado en cada brazo (7) se situa al menos un elemento tensor (8) que en la realization representada Fig.4 es doble ya que consta de un brazo (40), de cuyo extremo cuelga un soporte articulado (41), que presenta una configuration en "U” invertida por cuyas dos alas (42) se hace pasar el borde (3) de los mantos (1), durante la operation de extension de los mismos (Fig. 5). Un resorte (43) trata de mantener perpendicular el soporte (41) con la trayectoria del borde (3) del manto, de forma que al situarse este en la trayectoria del borde (3) del manto en estado tensado el soporte articulado (41) se alinea con su trayectoria y cuando el borde del manto tiende a perder tension, el soporte articulado (41) gira tendiendo a situarse perpendicular a dicha trayectoria, alargando as! la trayectoria del borde (3) del manto para mantener la tension en el mismo.Supported on each arm (7) is at least one tensioning element (8) which in the embodiment shown Fig. 4 is double since it consists of an arm (40), from which end hangs an articulated support (41), which has an inverted "U" configuration through whose two wings (42) the edge (3) of the mantles (1) is passed during the extension operation thereof (Fig. 5). A spring (43) is about keep the support (41) perpendicular with the path of the edge (3) of the mantle, so that when it is placed in the path of the edge (3) of the mantle in a tensioned state the articulated support (41) aligns with its trajectory and when the edge of the mantle tends to lose tension, the articulated support (41) rotates tending to be perpendicular to said path, thus extending the path of the edge (3) of the mantle to maintain tension therein.

La gula (9) de extension de mantos tiene al menos una section en un plano vertical concava, pudiendo estar formada por un doble cono con estos unidos por sus vertices formando una figura equivalente a un diabolo, preferiblemente giratorio para evitar atranques. En la practica puede estar formada por una rueda con su eje como aparece en las figuras o varias ruedas de distinto diametro para formar dicho diabolo, pero preferiblemente con el borde inferior plano.The glutton (9) of mantle extension has at least one section in a concave vertical plane, being able to be formed by a double cone with these joined by their vertices forming a figure equivalent to a symbol, preferably rotating to avoid bracing. In practice it can be formed by a wheel with its axis as it appears in the figures or several wheels of different diameter to form said symbol, but preferably with the flat bottom edge.

En el caso en que se haga la traccion de desenrollado de los mantos por avance del equipo y fijando sus bordes mediante elementos de anclaje exteriores al mismo, el borde (3) del manto se mantendra elevado del suelo en el tramo comprendido desde la salida del tambor (5) hasta la propia gula (9), y a la salida de la misma se terminara depositando en el suelo alineada con el punto de anclaje correspondiente. En el caso de usar traction por elementos soportados en el propio equipo, como son los rodillos de traccion (10) (Fig. 9), la gula de extension de mantos (9) sera la responsable de sostener elevado el borde (3) del manto desde la salida del tambor (5) y los propios rodillos de traccion (10), al tiempo de mantener alimentados estos de manera continuada y segura; a pesar de que los rodillos (10) tienen que estar abiertos por uno de sus extremos, pues deben permitir el paso a la malla que conforma el manto (1), la cual ademas transmite fuerzas que tratan de sacarla de entre los rodillos (10), como son las del peso del manto y las ejercidas para la extension del mismo, las cuales sin la accion de la gula (9) terminarlanIn the event that the traction is unrolled from the mantles by advancing the equipment and fixing its edges by means of anchoring elements external to it, the edge (3) of the mantle will remain elevated from the ground in the section from the exit of the drum (5) to the glutton (9), and at the end of it will end up depositing on the ground aligned with the corresponding anchor point. In the case of using traction by elements supported in the equipment itself, such as the traction rollers (10) (Fig. 9), the mantle extension glider (9) will be responsible for holding the edge (3) of the mantle from the drum outlet (5) and the traction rollers (10) themselves, while keeping these fed continuously and safely; Although the rollers (10) have to be open at one of their ends, they must allow passage to the mesh that forms the mantle (1), which also transmits forces that try to remove it from between the rollers (10 ), such as those of the weight of the mantle and those exercised for the extension of the mantle, which without the gluttony action (9) will end

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sacandolo de los rodillos (10), lo cual interrumpirla el funcionamiento del equipo. Esto se evita en la invencion porque la gula de extension de mantos (9) tambien hace funciones de alimentador de los rodillos, en el sentido de que mantiene el borde del manto (1) de manera segura y estable entre los rodillos (10).removing it from the rollers (10), which will interrupt the operation of the equipment. This is avoided in the invention because the mantle extension guide (9) also functions as a feeder for the rollers, in the sense that it maintains the edge of the mantle (1) in a safe and stable manner between the rollers (10).

Dado que la traccion de extension y desenrolle del tambor (5) se realiza simultaneamente en los dos bordes del manto, en los que el enrolle se hizo en zigzag, y dado que en cualquier caso es necesario no perder la tension en ambos bordes durante la colocacion de los mismos, soportado en cada brazo, se dispone al menos un elemento tensor (8) del borde del manto intercalado en la trayectoria entre el tambor (5) y la gula (9) de extension de los bordes (3) del manto.Since the traction of extension and unwind of the drum (5) is carried out simultaneously on the two edges of the mantle, in which the winding was made in zigzag, and since in any case it is necessary not to lose tension on both edges during the placing them, supported on each arm, at least one tensioning element (8) is disposed of the edge of the mantle interspersed in the path between the drum (5) and the glutton (9) of extension of the edges (3) of the mantle .

El encarrilado del borde (3) del manto en la gula (9) de extension de mantos puede conseguirse con mantos comerciales a los que se les anaden en las cuatro esquinas dos puntos de abroche, cuyo detalle se representa en la Fig.10, porque normalmente se fabrican con bordes (3) de mayor rigidez que la malla (15) aunque siempre es conveniente reducir la longitud del borde (3) respecto de la de la malla (15) para lo cual se realizaran en aquel pinzamientos (59) distribuidos a lo largo del mismo. Para incrementar la seguridad del funcionamiento del equipo en todas las variantes de funcionamiento pero especialmente cuando se usan rodillos, se propone el uso opcional de un tipo de manto especial, que ademas de asegurar la rigidez del borde (3) del manto, haga que la fibra transmisora de la tension sea mas corta y gruesa que el conjunto del manto. Un detalle representativo de estos se muestra en la Fig. 11, donde se aprecia que tienen un dobladillo (16) en cada borde longitudinal, por el que interiormente va una cuerda (17) mas corta que el dobladillo, de material rlgido y no laminable, fijada en sus dos extremos en al menos un punto (18) a la esquina del manto. La diferencia de longitud de la cuerda (17) con respecto al resto del manto hace que el dobladillo (16) quede fruncido lo cual asegura la estabilidad del sistema, mejorando al mismo tiempo la recogida del fruto, debido a que la menor longitud de la cuerda instalada en los bordes, hara que se potencie el embolsamiento de frutos, al iniciarse este de manera mas acentuada desde los bordes del manto. Ademas el enrollamiento del manto en el tambor, se hara como si de solo una cuerda se tratase y en la cual el manto irla colgado, definiendo claramente la cuerda como fibra tensionada, lo que a su vez redundara en la estabilidad de la colocacion posterior.The track on the edge (3) of the mantle in the glutton (9) of mantle extension can be achieved with commercial mantles that are added in the four corners by two fastening points, the detail of which is shown in Fig. 10, because Normally they are manufactured with edges (3) of greater rigidity than the mesh (15) although it is always convenient to reduce the length of the edge (3) with respect to that of the mesh (15) for which they will be made in those distributed grips (59) throughout it. To increase the safety of the operation of the equipment in all the variants of operation but especially when using rollers, the optional use of a special type of mantle is proposed, which in addition to ensuring the rigidity of the edge (3) of the mantle, make the Tensile transmitting fiber is shorter and thicker than the whole of the mantle. A representative detail of these is shown in Fig. 11, where it can be seen that they have a hem (16) on each longitudinal edge, through which a rope (17) is shorter inside than the hem, of rigid and non-laminable material , fixed at its two ends at least one point (18) at the corner of the mantle. The difference in length of the rope (17) with respect to the rest of the mantle causes the hem (16) to be gathered, which ensures the stability of the system, while improving the collection of the fruit, due to the shorter length of the Rope installed at the edges, will make the fruit bagging be potentiated, when it starts more accentuated from the edges of the mantle. In addition to the winding of the mantle in the drum, it will be done as if it were only one rope and in which the mantle would be hung, clearly defining the rope as tensioned fiber, which in turn resulted in the stability of the posterior placement.

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El cabrestante auxiliar (11) esta fijado sobre el chasis (4), en la parte opuesta al tractor y mas arriba del sistema de guiado de enrollado de mantos (6) con la salida de su cuerda (13) orientada hacia donde se van depositan los mantos. La cuerda (13) esta segmentada en trozos de la longitud de los mantos, unidos entre si con mosquetones (12) con objeto de facilitar su individualizacion. Para su colocacion encima del manto correspondiente, un operario, que puede ser el propio conductor del tractor, fija el extremo libre de la cuerda en un punto exterior fijo, que puede ser el primer tronco, libera el carrete del cabrestante para su desenrollado. De esta manera cuando empiece a caminar el tractor depositando los mantos, la cuerda se ira depositando encima de estos. Al terminar de poner el ultimo manto de la ristra correspondiente, el operario abrochara con el mosqueton de la cuerda del cabrestante las dos esquinas libres de este ultimo manto, dejandolo asl preparado para su enrollamiento posterior una vez que el fruto haya sido derribado de los arboles quedado depositado encima de los mantos de la ristra. En la secuencia de recogida posterior el equipo estara estacionado en la calle de la plantacion y justo en un extremo de la ristra a recoger, por tanto muy cercano al extremo de la cuerda fijada anteriormente en la colocacion de mantos, por lo que le resultara facil soltarla y abrochar dicho extremo a la cuerda que quedo en el cabrestante; una vez realizado lo anterior comenzara a recogerla, con lo cual empezara a traerse el extremo mas alejado de la ristra de mantos que como dijimos, previamente habla sido abrochado a la cuerda. Esta maniobra dara lugar a que los frutos sean embolsados y depositados en otros mantos dispuestos a tal efecto, hasta que el extremo final de la cuerda abrochado a las esquinas del ultimo manto de la ristra, llegue a la altura del cabrestante (11).El operario desabrochara la cuerda del manto y la fijara por sus dos esquinas o bien a los puntos de anclaje (24) situados en la carcasa del tambor (23) o bien al extremo del ultimo manto enrollado en el tambor. Inmediatamente accionara el motor del tambor hasta recoger toda la ristra de mantos. Con esto el equipo estara preparado para una nueva secuencia de colocacion de mantos en una nueva posicion.The auxiliary winch (11) is fixed on the chassis (4), on the opposite side of the tractor and above the mantle winding guidance system (6) with the exit of its rope (13) oriented towards where they are deposited The mantles The rope (13) is segmented into pieces of the length of the mantles, joined together with carabiners (12) in order to facilitate their individualization. To place it on top of the corresponding mantle, an operator, who can be the tractor driver himself, fixes the free end of the rope at a fixed outside point, which can be the first trunk, releases the spool from the winch for unrolling. In this way when the tractor begins to walk depositing the mantles, the rope will be deposited on top of them. At the end of putting the last mantle of the corresponding string, the operator will fasten the two free corners of this last mantle with the carabiner on the winch rope, leaving it ready for subsequent winding once the fruit has been knocked down from the trees It was deposited on top of the mantles of the string. In the subsequent collection sequence the equipment will be parked in the street of the plantation and just at one end of the string to be picked up, therefore very close to the end of the rope previously fixed in the placement of mantles, so it will be easy release it and fasten said end to the rope that is in the winch; Once this has been done, it will begin to pick it up, which will begin to bring the furthest end of the string of mantles that, as we said, has previously been fastened to the rope. This maneuver will result in the fruits being bagged and deposited in other mantles arranged for this purpose, until the end of the rope fastened to the corners of the last mantle of the string, reaches the height of the winch (11). The operator will unfasten the rope from the mantle and fix it by its two corners either to the anchor points (24) located in the drum housing (23) or to the end of the last mantle rolled in the drum. It will immediately drive the drum motor until the entire string of mantles is collected. With this the team will be prepared for a new sequence of mantle placement in a new position.

Claims

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1. - Equipment for the automatic placement of mantles used in the collection of fruits and their subsequent collection with collection of the fallen fruits on them, which presents a support structure or chassis (4) suitable to be mounted on a tractor vehicle, fixed in the three points of an agricultural tractor or dragged by any vehicle supported by its own wheels, which is characterized by:

- a drum (5) in which a string of mantles (1) joined in its corners is wound, which is driven by a motor (21) that acts as a tensile element of the mantle string during winding and also acts as tensile strength element in the unwinding of the mantles (1), tensioning its edges (3) during placement;

- a guiding device (6) of the mantles, particularly during its winding in said drum (5), which comprises at least vertical guides (27) that constrict the mantle in a transverse plane, which are provided with a alternative lateral movement that promotes the uniform distribution of the folded mantles throughout the width of the winding drum (5);

- at least one arm (7) extending the mantles during placement, which during this operation is located laterally to the equipment following the guiding device (6) and comprises:

or at least one guide (9) of mantle extension, which forms a leading element of the edge (3) of the mantle (1) by interfering in its extension path between the drum (5) and the mantle string already extended, keeping the edge (3) of the raised ground mantle. or at least one tensioning element (8), sandwiched between the outlet of the drum mantle string (5) and the mantle extension guide (9), which pulls the edge (3) of the mantle (1) when it tends to lose tension, keeping it stressed.

2. - Equipment, according to revindication 1, characterized in that the winding drum (5) is driven by a hydraulic motor (21) that receives hydraulic power to rotate in the direction of winding, or the double acting cylinder and double rod (22) that drives the mantle guidance device (6), or

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either of a line with controlled pressure to adjust the retention of the drum (5) in the mantle placement maneuver.

3. - Equipment according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the winding drum (5) has a preferably removable housing (23) concentric with its axis, on which it has anchoring elements (24) suitable for fastening the first mantle (1) of the string of mantles to proceed to wind up in the mantle collection operation and unbutton them in order to leave the last mantle on the ground in the mantle placement maneuver.

4. - Equipment, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the guiding device (6) of mantles, particularly during winding, consists of two horizontal glues (26) and two vertical glues (27), the latter with shaped like a diabolo and joined in their upper part to two supports (28) that move horizontally through glues (29), said supports (28) being provided with a locking means (33) that allows them to be kept separated a certain distance and actuated through a double-acting, double-rod cylinder (22) in an alternate lateral displacement movement during the winding of the mantles and in a fixed position, close to the sides of this device, during the placement of the mantles (1) in which the cylinder (22) has no activity.

5. - Equipment, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that each of the arms (7) extending the mantles during their placement are supported on the ground through a wheel or skid (39), are attached to the chassis (4) through an articulation (36) and are actuated by a cylinder (35) that allows it to be placed in a horizontal plane during the maneuver of placing the mantles, or its folding down until it is placed in a vertical position when its use during the operation of mantle collection, maneuvering or transport of the equipment.

6. - Equipment, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that (the outer end of the arms (37) is articulated in a vertical axis (45), suitable for turning at the passage of the trunk of the trees overcoming a spring or shock absorber (38) or by the action of a servo, to then return to its position by its action.

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7. - Equipment, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the tensioning element (8) has an arm (40) whose end hangs an articulated support (41), preferably with an inverted "U" configuration, for which wing or wings (42) the edge (3) of the mantles is passed during the extension operation thereof; said support (41) being tensioned by a spring (43) that tends to rotate it until it is positioned perpendicular to the trajectory of the edge (3) of the mantle extending the same, maintaining the tension on said edge (3).

8. - Equipment, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the mantle extension glutton (9) is an element, with vertical section according to a concave profile, tangent to which the edge (3) of the mantle (1) circulates when stressed, keeping the mantle (1) transversely extended and separated from the ground.

9. - Equipment, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the extension arms (7) have traction rollers (10) extending the mantles (1) at the ends by passing the edge of the mantle (3) around to the trunk of the trees (2) driven by a hydraulic motor (44); interposing the gula (9) of extension of mantles between the exit of the same of the drum (5) and the own rollers of traction (10), keeping elevated the edge (3) of the mantle and between the tractor rollers (10).

10. - Equipment, according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it has an auxiliary winch (11) for winding the rope (13) for collecting mantles (1), located at the rear of the equipment, above the guiding device (6) of the mantles.

11. - Mantle for automatic placement by means of the equipment of the preceding claims, characterized in that in each corner and at least at another point next to this it presents two means of union with another attached mantle, by means of carabiners (12) or similar means, suitable for easily joining and separating the string of mantles.

12. - Mantle, according to revindication 11, characterized in that at each longitudinal edge it has a hem (16) inside which a rope (17) slides, shorter than the hem, of rigid and non-laminable material, fixed in his two

ends at least one point (18) at the corner of the mantle, in order to cause a pocketing effect on the mantle (1).

13. Mantle, according to claim 11, characterized in that because the length 5 of the edges (3), of greater rigidity than the mesh (15) that forms them, has various clamps (59) suitable to reduce the length of the edge (3) with respect to that of the mesh (15) to cause a pocketing effect on the mantle (1).