ES2595090B1 - Procedure for obtaining plant extracts from glandular trichomes and use of said extracts for the treatment of diseases - Google Patents
Procedure for obtaining plant extracts from glandular trichomes and use of said extracts for the treatment of diseases Download PDFInfo
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- ES2595090B1 ES2595090B1 ES201530892A ES201530892A ES2595090B1 ES 2595090 B1 ES2595090 B1 ES 2595090B1 ES 201530892 A ES201530892 A ES 201530892A ES 201530892 A ES201530892 A ES 201530892A ES 2595090 B1 ES2595090 B1 ES 2595090B1
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- butane
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K36/00—Medicinal preparations of undetermined constitution containing material from algae, lichens, fungi or plants, or derivatives thereof, e.g. traditional herbal medicines
- A61K36/18—Magnoliophyta (angiosperms)
- A61K36/185—Magnoliopsida (dicotyledons)
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L33/00—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof
- A23L33/10—Modifying nutritive qualities of foods; Dietetic products; Preparation or treatment thereof using additives
- A23L33/105—Plant extracts, their artificial duplicates or their derivatives
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K8/00—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations
- A61K8/18—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition
- A61K8/96—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution
- A61K8/97—Cosmetics or similar toiletry preparations characterised by the composition containing materials, or derivatives thereof of undetermined constitution from algae, fungi, lichens or plants; from derivatives thereof
Abstract
Procedimiento de obtención de extractos vegetales a partir de tricomas glandulares y uso de dichos extractos para el tratamiento de enfermedades.#Procedimiento de obtención de extractos vegetales, que comprende las etapas de: a) separación mecánica de los tricomas glandulares mediante tambor rotatorio que presenta una tamiz de malla de entre 90-180 {mi}m, a una temperatura entre -18ºC y 35ºC, durante 30 a 60 minutos; b)extracción química de los tricomas glandulares obtenidos en la etapa (a) con butano líquido en un reactor cerrado durante 30 a 180 segundos; c) eliminación completa del butano y obtención del extracto vegetal.Procedure for obtaining plant extracts from glandular trichomes and use of said extracts for the treatment of diseases. # Procedure for obtaining plant extracts, comprising the steps of: a) mechanical separation of glandular trichomes by means of a rotating drum that has a mesh sieve between 90-180 m, at a temperature between -18 ° C and 35 ° C, for 30 to 60 minutes; b) chemical extraction of the glandular trichomes obtained in step (a) with liquid butane in a closed reactor for 30 to 180 seconds; c) complete elimination of butane and obtaining the plant extract.
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Procedimiento de obtención de extractos vegetales a partir de tricomas glandulares y uso de dichos extractos para el tratamiento de enfermedades Procedure for obtaining plant extracts from glandular trichomes and use of said extracts for the treatment of diseases
5 La presente invención se refiere a un procedimiento de obtención de extractos vegetales obtenidos a partir de tricomas glandulares, y específicamente a un procedimiento de extracción de tricomas glandulares de Cannabis sativa L. de bajo o ningún contenido de tetrahidrocannabinol (THC). Con el procedimiento de la presente invención es posible The present invention relates to a process for obtaining plant extracts obtained from glandular trichomes, and specifically to a method of extracting glandular trichomes from Cannabis sativa L. of low or no tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) content. With the process of the present invention it is possible
10 realizar la etapa de extracción química en un tiempo entre 30 y 180 segundos, y además, es posible obtener extractos de la planta con una alta pureza, y un contenido muy bajo o nulo del disolvente utilizado. 10 perform the chemical extraction stage in a time between 30 and 180 seconds, and in addition, it is possible to obtain extracts of the plant with a high purity, and a very low or zero content of the solvent used.
Los tricomas son estructuras que han desarrollado las plantas a través de los años para Trichomes are structures that plants have developed over the years to
15 protegerse de sus depredadores naturales. Son excrecencia de origen epidérmico, de formas muy variables y pueden ser glandulares o no glandulares. Pueden hallarse vivos o muertos a su madurez, pero tienen caracteres suficientemente constantes en distintas especies, por lo que han llegado a tener mucho valor en la identificación de plantas. 15 protect yourself from your natural predators. They are excretion of epidermal origin, of very variable forms and can be glandular or non-glandular. They can be found alive or dead at maturity, but they have sufficiently constant characters in different species, so they have become very valuable in the identification of plants.
20 Los tricomas no glandulares, también denominados pelos tectores, no secretan ninguna sustancia y tienen diferentes funciones tales como protección contra agresiones mecánicas, protección contra la luz y mantenimiento de un microclima adecuado, ya que conservan la humedad en la superficie de la epidermis. 20 Non-glandular trichomes, also called tector hairs, do not secrete any substance and have different functions such as protection against mechanical aggressions, protection against light and maintenance of a suitable microclimate, since they retain moisture on the surface of the epidermis.
25 Por otra parte, los tricomas glandulares son aquellos que presentan células secretoras, por lo que son capaces de secretar sustancias tales como azúcares, alcaloides, terpenos, entre otras muchas sustancias. Su cutícula es delgada, reviste todas las células y se puede separar fácilmente de la pared. En el caso de la especie Cannabis sativa L., los tricomas glandulares generalmente recubren a modo de pelos la superficie de las flores (cogollos) y 25 On the other hand, glandular trichomes are those that have secretory cells, so they are able to secrete substances such as sugars, alkaloids, terpenes, among many other substances. Its cuticle is thin, covers all cells and can be easily separated from the wall. In the case of the Cannabis sativa L. species, glandular trichomes generally cover the surface of the flowers (buds) as hairs and
30 las hojas pequeñas. 30 small leaves.
Existen en el estado de la técnica anterior diferentes métodos de extracción de plantas, específicamente de tricomas glandulares de Cannabis sativa L. Por ejemplo, la Patente norteamericana US8337908 da a conocer un procedimiento de extracción que comprende 35 una etapa de extracción de la planta completa con diferentes disolventes líquidos tales como agua fría, soluciones salinas, ácido acético diluido, vino dulce, mezclas agua-etanol, y otros There are different methods of plant extraction in the prior art, specifically of glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa L. For example, US Pat. No. 8337908 discloses an extraction procedure comprising an extraction stage of the complete plant with different liquid solvents such as cold water, saline solutions, dilute acetic acid, sweet wine, water-ethanol mixtures, and others
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disolventes orgánicos. Dicha extracción se lleva a cabo a una temperatura entre 15ºC y 30ºC, durante un tiempo entre 12 h y 48 h. En este procedimiento no existe una etapa de obtención de los tricomas glandulares, lo que provoca que el tiempo de extracción sea elevado. organic solvents Said extraction is carried out at a temperature between 15 ° C and 30 ° C, for a time between 12 h and 48 h. In this procedure there is no stage to obtain glandular trichomes, which causes the extraction time to be high.
El autor de la presente invención ha desarrollado un método de extracción de tricomas glandulares, específicamente de tricomas glandulares de Cannabis sativa L., en el que es posible realizar la etapa de extracción en un tiempo entre 30 y 180 segundos, y además, es posible obtener extractos de la planta con una alta pureza, y un contenido muy bajo o nulo en el disolvente utilizado. The author of the present invention has developed a method of extracting glandular trichomes, specifically of glandular trichomes of Cannabis sativa L., in which it is possible to perform the extraction stage in a time between 30 and 180 seconds, and in addition, it is possible obtain extracts of the plant with a high purity, and a very low or zero content in the solvent used.
Por lo tanto, la presente invención da a conocer un procedimiento de obtención de extractos vegetales, caracterizado porque comprende las etapas de: Therefore, the present invention discloses a process for obtaining plant extracts, characterized in that it comprises the steps of:
a) separación mecánica de los tricomas glandulares mediante tambor rotatorio que presenta una tamiz de malla de entre 90-180 µm, preferentemente de 150 µm, a una temperatura entre –18ºC y 35ºC, preferentemente de 4ºC, durante 30 a 60 minutos; b) extracción química de los tricomas glandulares obtenidos en la etapa (a) con butano líquido en un reactor cerrado durante 30 a 180 segundos; c) eliminación completa del butano y obtención del extracto vegetal. a) mechanical separation of the glandular trichomes by means of a rotating drum having a mesh sieve between 90-180 µm, preferably 150 µm, at a temperature between –18ºC and 35ºC, preferably 4ºC, for 30 to 60 minutes; b) chemical extraction of the glandular trichomes obtained in step (a) with liquid butane in a closed reactor for 30 to 180 seconds; c) complete elimination of butane and obtaining the plant extract.
Un experto en la materia conoce como cultivar y recolectar las plantas que se utilizarán en el procedimiento de la presente invención. Por ejemplo, la recolección de las plantas se puede llevar a cabo en el momento de maduración del 70-80% de los tricomas glandulares que están presentes en las flores. Esta maduración se detecta por un cambio de color de dichos tricomas de transparente a ámbar. One skilled in the art knows how to grow and collect the plants that will be used in the process of the present invention. For example, the collection of plants can be carried out at the time of maturation of 70-80% of the glandular trichomes that are present in the flowers. This maturation is detected by a color change of said trichomes from transparent to amber.
La recolección de las flores, que es la parte de la planta rica en tricomas glandulares, se puede hacer de forma manual o de forma automatizada. Por ejemplo, se pueden separar manualmente las plantas “hembras”, que son ricas en flores productoras de tricomas glandulares, de las plantas “macho”, que carecen de flores productoras de tricomas. The collection of flowers, which is the part of the plant rich in glandular trichomes, can be done manually or automatically. For example, "female" plants, which are rich in flowers producing glandular trichomes, can be separated manually from "male" plants, which lack trichome producing flowers.
A efectos del procedimiento de la presente invención, es preferente que tras la recolección del material vegetal de partida, se proceda al secado del mismo. Un experto en la materia conoce los diferentes procesos de secado que se pueden llevar a cabo, pero para el procedimiento de la presente invención es preferente que se realice un secado a una For the purposes of the process of the present invention, it is preferred that after the collection of the starting plant material, it is dried. One skilled in the art knows the different drying processes that can be carried out, but for the process of the present invention it is preferred that a drying process is carried out.
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temperatura entre 15ºC y 25ºC, una humedad relativa no superior al 40% y con renovación continua de aire, en ausencia de luz, para evitar la degradación de los compuestos presentes en los tricomas, entre 1 y 3 semanas. temperature between 15ºC and 25ºC, a relative humidity not exceeding 40% and with continuous renewal of air, in the absence of light, to avoid the degradation of the compounds present in the trichomes, between 1 and 3 weeks.
El extracto vegetal en el procedimiento de la presente invención puede ser de cualquiera de las especies vegetales que presenten tricomas glandulares, tales como Cannabis spp., Eremophila spp., Urtica spp., algodón o soja. Preferentemente, el extracto vegetal de partida en el procedimiento de la presente invención son las variedades de Cannabis sativa reguladas y autorizadas por el Real Decreto 1729/1999 de 12 de noviembre, que tienen un contenido bajo o ningún contenido de THC, tales como Beniko, Bialobrzeskie, Carmagnola, Cs, Delta-Llosa, Delta 405, Dioïca 88, Épsilon 68, Fasamo, Fédora 17, Fédora 19, Fedrina 74, Félina 32, Félina 34, Fermón, Fibranova, Fibrimón 24, Fibrimón 56, Futura, Futura 75, Juso 14, Kompolti, Lovrin 110, Santhica 23 y Uso 23. Un experto en la materia entendería claramente que la presente invención también abarca otras variedades, así como sus cruces e híbridos. The plant extract in the process of the present invention can be from any of the plant species that have glandular trichomes, such as Cannabis spp., Eremophila spp., Urtica spp., Cotton or soy. Preferably, the starting plant extract in the process of the present invention are Cannabis sativa varieties regulated and authorized by Royal Decree 1729/1999 of November 12, which have a low or no THC content, such as Beniko, Bialobrzeskie, Carmagnola, Cs, Delta-Llosa, Delta 405, Dioïca 88, Épsilon 68, Fasamo, Fédora 17, Fédora 19, Fedrina 74, Félina 32, Félina 34, Fermón, Fibranova, Fibrimón 24, Fibrimón 56, Futura, Futura 75 , Juso 14, Kompolti, Lovrin 110, Santhica 23 and Use 23. One skilled in the art would clearly understand that the present invention also encompasses other varieties, as well as their crosses and hybrids.
En el procedimiento de la presente invención, después de la etapa (a) los tricomas glandulares se han separado del resto del material vegetal y han pasado a través de la malla de 150 µm, por lo que pueden ser fácilmente recogidos. In the process of the present invention, after step (a) the glandular trichomes have been separated from the rest of the plant material and have passed through the 150 µm mesh, so they can be easily collected.
Preferentemente, el tambor rotatorio utilizado en el procedimiento de la presente invención gira a una velocidad entre 15 y 35 rpm. Un experto en la materia conoce como combinar la velocidad del tambor rotatorio y el tiempo para obtener los resultados más favorables de obtención de los tricomas glandulares. Preferably, the rotating drum used in the process of the present invention rotates at a speed between 15 and 35 rpm. One skilled in the art knows how to combine the speed of the rotating drum and the time to obtain the most favorable results of obtaining glandular trichomes.
Cabe señalar que el butano, que se utiliza como disolvente de extracción en la etapa (b) del procedimiento de la presente invención, está aceptado como disolvente de extracción utilizado en la fabricación de productos alimenticios y de sus ingredientes. Por lo tanto, el extracto obtenido con este procedimiento está listo para utilizar en la industria alimentaria, pero también en las industrias cosmética, química y farmacéutica, entre otras. It should be noted that butane, which is used as an extraction solvent in step (b) of the process of the present invention, is accepted as an extraction solvent used in the manufacture of food products and their ingredients. Therefore, the extract obtained with this procedure is ready for use in the food industry, but also in the cosmetic, chemical and pharmaceutical industries, among others.
Es conocido que el butano se licua a una presión aproximadamente de 32 psi (2,2 atm) a temperatura ambiente. Por lo tanto, en la etapa (b) del procedimiento de la presente invención se debe utilizar un reactor que permita una presión mayor que 32 psi. Preferentemente, la presión de la etapa (b) se encuentra en el intervalo entre 40 psi y 150 psi. It is known that butane is liquefied at a pressure of approximately 32 psi (2.2 atm) at room temperature. Therefore, in step (b) of the process of the present invention a reactor that allows a pressure greater than 32 psi should be used. Preferably, the pressure of step (b) is in the range between 40 psi and 150 psi.
Es evidente para un experto en la materia que el procedimiento de la presente invención puede llevarse a cabo en un reactor cerrado en forma de lotes (“batches”) discontinuos, en el cual no se recupera el butano utilizado, pero también puede llevarse a cabo en un sistema It is obvious to one skilled in the art that the process of the present invention can be carried out in a closed reactor in the form of batch batches, in which the butane used is not recovered, but can also be carried out. in a system
5 continuo, en el que se recupera y reutiliza el butano utilizado como disolvente. 5 continuous, in which the butane used as solvent is recovered and reused.
Preferentemente la proporción de material vegetal con respecto al butano líquido es de 1:5 (gramos de material vegetal / ml de butano líquido). Preferably the proportion of plant material with respect to liquid butane is 1: 5 (grams of plant material / ml of liquid butane).
10 Una ventaja del procedimiento de la presente invención es que la eliminación del butano líquido del extracto vegetal se realiza de una manera muy sencilla. Es decir, si se lleva el reactor a temperatura y presión atmosféricas, o incluso se puede utilizar el vacío para acelerar dicho proceso, prácticamente la totalidad del butano líquido utilizado se evapora. Esto permite obtener un extracto vegetal puro, con muy poco contenido o ningún contenido An advantage of the process of the present invention is that the removal of liquid butane from the plant extract is carried out in a very simple manner. That is, if the reactor is brought to atmospheric temperature and pressure, or even vacuum can be used to accelerate said process, virtually all of the liquid butane used evaporates. This allows to obtain a pure plant extract, with very little or no content
15 de butano. 15 butane
Además, en el caso de que el material vegetal de partida sea Cannabis sativa L., se puede controlar la acidez del extracto obtenido variando las condiciones de secado. Por ejemplo, si se desea obtener un extracto en su forma ácida, es preferente utilizar un horno al vacío a 20 una temperatura no superior a 35ºC, durante un tiempo aproximadamente de 30 minutos. De esta manera se elimina por completo el butano y se evita el fenómeno de descarboxilación del extracto obtenido. Por el contrario, si se desea obtener un extracto en forma neutra o prácticamente neutra, se puede utilizar una temperatura de 70ºC para lograr la descarboxilación. El tiempo se regula en función del grado de descarboxilación que se In addition, in the case that the starting plant material is Cannabis sativa L., the acidity of the extract obtained can be controlled by varying the drying conditions. For example, if it is desired to obtain an extract in its acid form, it is preferred to use a vacuum oven at a temperature not exceeding 35 ° C, for a time of approximately 30 minutes. In this way, butane is completely eliminated and the decarboxylation phenomenon of the extract obtained is avoided. On the contrary, if it is desired to obtain an extract in neutral or practically neutral form, a temperature of 70 ° C can be used to achieve decarboxylation. Time is regulated based on the degree of decarboxylation that is
25 pretende obtener en el extracto final. 25 intends to obtain in the final extract.
El extracto vegetal obtenido se conserva preferentemente en envases de cristal ámbar, refrigerado, y no expuesto a radiación solar. The obtained plant extract is preferably preserved in amber glass containers, refrigerated, and not exposed to solar radiation.
30 Por otra parte, la presente invención también se refiere a un extracto de Cannavis sativa L. obtenido mediante el procedimiento anteriormente descrito. Dicho extracto presenta un contenido muy bajo o nulo de THC. On the other hand, the present invention also relates to an extract of Cannavis sativa L. obtained by the procedure described above. Said extract has a very low or no THC content.
A continuación, la presente invención se describe con relación a ejemplos de realización que 35 se presentan a modo ilustrativo y no constituyen una limitación de la presente invención. Next, the present invention is described in relation to embodiments that are presented by way of illustration and do not constitute a limitation of the present invention.
EJEMPLOS EXAMPLES
Ejemplo 1. Obtención de un extracto de Cannabis sativa L. de la variedad Carmagnola mediante el procedimiento de la presente invención. Example 1. Obtaining an extract of Cannabis sativa L. of the Carmagnola variety by the method of the present invention.
Se tomaron 5 kg de flores de la variedad Carmagnola de Cannabis sativa y se colocaron dentro de un tambor rotatorio que presentaba una malla de 150 µm. Se hizo girar dicho tambor rotatorio a una velocidad de 25 r.p.m., durante 45 minutos. A continuación, 100 g de los tricomas glandulares recogidos se introdujeron en un reactor cerrado y se añadieron 500 ml de butano líquido. El reactor estaba cerrado con una válvula de seguridad de 150 psi. La extracción con butano líquido se realizó durante 180 segundos. A continuación, se eliminó el butano en un horno al vació a 35ºC durante 30 minutos. 5 kg of flowers of the Cannabis sativa Carmagnola variety were taken and placed inside a rotating drum that had a 150 µm mesh. Said rotary drum was rotated at a speed of 25 rpm for 45 minutes. Then, 100 g of the collected glandular trichomes were placed in a closed reactor and 500 ml of liquid butane were added. The reactor was closed with a 150 psi safety valve. Extraction with liquid butane was performed for 180 seconds. Then, the butane was removed in a vacuum oven at 35 ° C for 30 minutes.
Se obtuvo un extracto de Cannabis sativa en forma de aceite de color ámbar transparente con gusto picante y olor característico. An extract of Cannabis sativa was obtained in the form of transparent amber oil with spicy taste and characteristic smell.
Ejemplo 2. Obtención de un extracto de Cannabis sativa L. de la variedad Bialobrzeskie mediante el procedimiento de la presente invención. Example 2. Obtaining an extract of Cannabis sativa L. of the Bialobrzeskie variety by the method of the present invention.
Se tomaron 4,5 kg de flores de la variedad Bialobrzeskie de Cannabis sativa y se colocaron dentro de un tambor rotatorio que presentaba una malla de 120 µm. Se hizo girar dicho tambor rotatorio a una velocidad de 20 r.p.m., durante 50 minutos. A continuación, 100 g de los tricomas glandulares recogidos se introdujeron en un reactor cerrado y se añadieron 450 ml de butano líquido. El reactor estaba cerrado con una válvula de seguridad de 150 psi. La extracción con butano líquido se realizó durante 180 segundos y posteriormente se recuperó por condensación. A continuación, se eliminó el butano en un horno al vació a 35ºC durante 30 minutos. 4.5 kg of Bialobrzeskie Cannabis sativa variety flowers were taken and placed inside a rotating drum with a 120 µm mesh. Said rotary drum was rotated at a speed of 20 rpm for 50 minutes. Then, 100 g of the collected glandular trichomes were placed in a closed reactor and 450 ml of liquid butane were added. The reactor was closed with a 150 psi safety valve. Extraction with liquid butane was performed for 180 seconds and subsequently recovered by condensation. Then, the butane was removed in a vacuum oven at 35 ° C for 30 minutes.
Se obtuvo un extracto de Cannabis sativa en forma de aceite de color ámbar transparente con gusto picante y olor característico. An extract of Cannabis sativa was obtained in the form of transparent amber oil with spicy taste and characteristic smell.
Si bien la invención se ha descrito con respecto a ejemplos de realizaciones preferentes, éstos no se deben considerar limitativos de la invención, que se definirá por la interpretación más amplia de las siguientes reivindicaciones. While the invention has been described with respect to examples of preferred embodiments, these should not be construed as limiting the invention, which will be defined by the broader interpretation of the following claims.
Claims (9)
- 3. 3.
- Procedimiento, según la reivindicación 1 ó 2, caracterizado porque la etapa a) de separación mecánica se realiza a 4ºC. Method according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that step a) of mechanical separation is carried out at 4 ° C.
- 4. Four.
- Procedimiento, según cualquiera de las reivindicaciones anteriores, caracterizado porque Method according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that
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| ES201530892A ES2595090B1 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Procedure for obtaining plant extracts from glandular trichomes and use of said extracts for the treatment of diseases |
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| ES201530892A ES2595090B1 (en) | 2015-06-23 | 2015-06-23 | Procedure for obtaining plant extracts from glandular trichomes and use of said extracts for the treatment of diseases |
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| ES2595090B1 true ES2595090B1 (en) | 2017-09-05 |
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| WO2020219826A1 (en) * | 2019-04-24 | 2020-10-29 | Taba Ip, Llc | Process of extracting useful materials from cannabis plants |
| US20210154596A1 (en) * | 2019-11-21 | 2021-05-27 | Jenny's Rose, LLC | Cannabis Plant Extracts with Butane |
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| US20030017216A1 (en) * | 2001-07-23 | 2003-01-23 | Schmidt Robert Gustav | Isolation of herbal and cannabinoid medicinal extracts |
| DE102007046086A1 (en) * | 2007-09-26 | 2009-04-09 | Heinz Prof. Dr. Letzel | Plant extract from THC-poor cannabis for the treatment of diseases |
| US9066910B2 (en) * | 2010-04-15 | 2015-06-30 | Steven Rosenblatt | Methods and compositions of cannabis extracts |
| EP2968259B1 (en) * | 2013-03-14 | 2022-09-14 | SC Laboratories Inc. | Bioactive concentrates and uses thereof |
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