ES2589952T3 - Star Polymer Lubricant Composition - Google Patents

Abstract

A lubricating composition comprising: (a) from 0.001 to 15% by weight of a polymer with (i) a weight average molecular weight of 120,000 to 700,000, (ii) a shear stability index of 30 to 60 as measured by the 20-hour KRL test (Volkswagen frustoconical bearing test) and radial or star architecture, in which the polymer can be obtained by a RAFT or ATRP polymerization process, in which the polymer is a polymethacrylate, or mixtures of the thereof, and wherein the polymethacrylate is derived from a monomer composition comprising: (i) from 50% by weight to 100% by weight of an alkyl methacrylate, wherein the alkyl group of the methacrylate has 12 to 15 atoms of carbon; (ii) from 0% by weight to 40% by weight of an alkyl methacrylate, in which the alkyl group of the methacrylate has from 2 to 9 carbon atoms; and (iii) from 0% by weight to 10% by weight of a nitrogen-containing monomer; (b) from 0.0001% by weight to 5% by weight of an antiwear agent, wherein the antiwear agent comprises a phosphorus-containing acid, salt or ester, or mixtures thereof; (c) from 0.0001% by weight to 5% by weight of a corrosion inhibitor, wherein the corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of benzotriazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzimidazoles , 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles, 2- (N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl) benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis (alkyl-dithio) - 1,3,4-thiazoles, 2,5-bis (N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl) -1, 3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-alkyldithio-5-mercaptothidiazoles or mixtures thereof; and (d) an oil of lubricating viscosity.

Description

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dithiobenzoic acid, 4-chlorodithiobenzoic acid, O-ethyl-S- (1-phenylethyl) xanthate, O-ethyl-S- (2- (ethoxycarbonyl) prop-2-yl) xanthate, Oetyl-S- (2-cyanoprop-2 -il) xanthate, O-ethyl-S-12-cyanoprop-2-yl) xanthate, O-ethyl-S-cyanomethyl xanthate, Opentafluorophenyl-S-benzyl xanthate, 3-benzylthio-5,5-dimethylcyclohex-2 -en-1-thione or 3,3-di (benzylthio) propyl-2-benzyl ennedithioate, S, S'-bis- (α, α'-disubstituted-α "-acetic) -triocarbonate, S acid, S'-bis- (α, α'-disubstituted-α "-acetic) -trithiocarbonate

or S-aquyl-S '- (α, α'-disubstituted-α "-acetic) -triocarbonates, benzyl dithiobenzoate, 1-phenylethyl dithiobenzoate, 2-phenylprop-2-yl dithiobenzoate, 1-acetoxyethyl dithiobenzoate, hexaquis (thiobenzoylthiomethyl) benzene, 4bis (thiobenzoylthiomethyl) benzene, 1,2,4,5-tetrakis (thiobenzoylthiomethyl) benzene, 1,4-bis- (2- (thiobenzoylthio) -prop-2-yl) benzene, 1- (4 Methoxyphenyl) ethyl dithiobenzoate, benzyl dithioacetate, ethoxycarbonylmethyl dithioacetate, 2 (ethoxycarbonyl) prop-2-yl dithiobenzoate, 2,4,4-trimethylpent-2-lo dithiobenzoate, 2- (4-chlorophenyl) dithiobenzoate -2-yl, 3-vinylbenzyl dithiobenzoate, 4-vinylbenzyl dithiobenzoate, S-benzyl diethoxyphosphoryldithioformate, tert-butyl trithioperbenzoate, 2-phenylprop-2-yl 4-chlorodithiobenzoate, 2-phenylpropyl-2-dithionaphthalate , 4-cyanopentanoic acid dithiobenzoate, dibenzyl tetrathi terephthalate, dibenzyl trithiocarbonate, carboxymethyl dithiobenzoate or poly (ethylene) oxide with terminal group of d itiobenzoate or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, a suitable RAFT chain transfer agent includes 2-dodecylsulfanylthiocarbonylsulfanyl-2-methyl-propionic acid butyl ester, cumyl dithiobenzoate or mixtures thereof.

A discussion of the RAFT polymerization polymer mechanism is shown on page 664 to 665 in section 12.4.4 of Matyjaszewski et al.

The polymer is a polymethacrylate or mixtures thereof and is derived from a monomeric composition comprising:

(to)

from 50% by weight to 100% (or from 65% by weight to 95% by weight) of an alkyl methacrylate, in which the alkyl group of methacrylate has 12 to 15 carbon atoms;

(b)

from 0% by weight to 40% (or from 5% by weight to 30% by weight) of an alkyl methacrylate, in which the alkyl group of methacrylate has 1 to 9 or 1 to 4 carbon atoms (per example methyl, butyl, or 2-ethylhexyl); Y

(C)

from 0% by weight to 10% by weight (or from 0% by weight to 5% by weight) of a nitrogen-containing monomer.

As used herein, the term (meth) acrylate means acrylate or methacrylate units. The alkyl (meth) acrylate includes, for example, compounds derived from saturated alcohols, such as methyl methacrylate, butyl methacrylate, 2-methylpentyl octyl (meth) acrylate, 2-propylheptyl, 2-butylctyl , 2-ethylhexylol, (meth) nonyl acrylate, (meth) isooctyl acrylate, (meth) isononyl acrylate, 2-tert-butylheptyl (meth) acrylate, 3-isopropylheptyl (meth) acrylate, decyl (meth) acrylate , (meth) undecyl acrylate, (meth) 5-methylundecyl acrylate, (meth) dodecyl acrylate, (meth) 2-methyldodecyl acrylate, (tridecyl (meth) acrylate, (meth) 5-methylotridecyl acrylate, ( meth) tetradecyl acrylate, (meth) pentadecyl acrylate, (meth) hexadecyl acrylate, (meth) 2-methylhexadecyl acrylate, (meth) heptadecyl acrylate, (meth) 5isopropylheptadecyl acrylate, (4-) tert-butylooctadecyl, (meth) 5-ethylooctadecyl acrylate, (meth) 3isopropylooctadecyl- acrylate, octadecyl, (meth) nonadecyl acrylate, (meth) acrylate of eicosyl, (meth) cetyloeicosyl acrylate, (meth) stearyloeicosyl acrylate, (meth) docosyl acrylate and / or eicosylotetratriaconthyl; (meta) acrylates derived from unsaturated alcohols, such as (meth) oleyl acrylate; and (meth) cycloalkyl acrylates, such as (meth) 3-vinyl-2-butylcyclohexyl acrylate or (methyl) bornyl acrylate.

Alkyl (meth) acrylates with groups derived from long chain alcohol can be obtained, for example, by reacting a (meth) acrylic acid (by direct esterification) or methyl methacrylate (by transesterification) with long chain fatty alcohols , in which the reaction of a mixture of esters, so that (meth) acrylate with alcohol groups of various chain lengths is generally obtained. These fatty alcohols include Oxo Alcohol® 7911, Oxo Alcohol® 7900 and Oxo Alcohol® 1100 from Monsanto; Alphanol® 79 from ICI; Nafol® 1620, Alfol® 610 and Alfol® 810 from Condea (now Sasol); Epal® 610 and Epal® 810 from Ethyl Corporation; Linevol® 79, Linevol® 911 and Dobanol® 25 L from Shell AG; Lial® 125 from Condea Augusta, Milan; Dehydad® and Lorol® of Henkel KGaA (now Cognis) as well as Linopol® 7-11 and Acropol® 91 from Ugine Kuhlmann.

In one embodiment, the star polymer is further functionalized in the polymer core or arms with a nitrogen-containing monomer. The nitrogen-containing monomer may include a vinyl substituted nitrogen heterocyclic monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylate monomer, a dialkylaminoalkyl (meth) acrylamide monomer, a tertiary (meth) acrylamide monomer or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the polymer core or arms further comprise a (meth) acrylamide or a nitrogen-containing (meth) acrylate monomer that may be represented by the formula:

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In one embodiment, the antiwear agent is different from metal dialkyldithiophosphate.

In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises an ammonium or amine salt of a phosphorus-containing acid or ester.

The amine salt of a phosphoric acid or ester includes phosphoric acid esters and amine salts thereof; dialkyl dithiophosphoric acid esters and amine salts thereof; phosphite amine salts; and amine salts of phosphorus-containing esters, ethers and carboxylic amides; and mixtures thereof.

The amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester can be used alone or in combination. In one embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphorus compound is derived from an amine salt of a phosphorus compound, or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester includes partial amine salt - partial metal salt compounds or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester further comprises a sulfur atom in the molecule.

Amines that may be suitable for use as the amine salt include primary amines, secondary amines, tertiary amines, and mixtures thereof. The amines include those with at least one hydrocarbyl group, or, in certain embodiments, two or three hydrocarbyl groups. The hydrocarbyl groups may contain from about 2 to about 30 carbon atoms, or, in other embodiments, from about 8 to about 26, or from about 10 to about 20, or from about 13 to about 19 carbon atoms.

Primary amines include ethylamine, propylamine, butylamine, 2-ethylhexylamine, octylamine, and dodecylamine, as well as fatty amines, such as n-octylamine, n-decylamine, n-dodecylamine, n-tetradecylamine, n-hexadecylamine, noctadecylamine and oxylamine. Other useful fatty amines include commercially available fatty amines, such as "Armeen®" amines (products available from Akzo Chemicals, Chicago, Illinois), such as Armeen C, Armeen O, Armeen OL, Armeen T, Armeen HT, Armeen S and Armeen SD, in which the letter designation refers to the fatty group, such as coconut, oleyl, tallow or stearyl groups.

Examples of suitable secondary amines include dimethylamine, diethylamine, dipropylamine, dibutylamine, diamylamine, dihexylamine, diheptylamine, methylethylamine, ethylbutylamine and ethylamine. The secondary amines may be cyclic amines, such as piperidine, piperazine and morpholine.

The amine can also be a tert-aliphatic primary amine. The aliphatic group in this case may be an alkyl group containing from about 2 to about 30, or from about 6 to about 26, or from about 8 to about 24 carbon atoms. Tertiary alkylamines include monoamines, such as tert-butylamine, tert-hexylamine, 1-methyl-1-amino-cyclohexane, tert-octylamine, tertdecylamine, tert-dodecylamine, tert-tetradecylamine, tert-hexadecylamine, tert-octadecylamine, tert tetracosanylamine and tert-octacosanylamine.

In one embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester includes an amine with from C11 to C14 primary tertiary alkyl groups or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphorus compound includes an amine with C14 to C18 primary tertiary alkyl amines or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphorus compound includes an amine with C18 to C22 primary tertiary alkyl amines or mixtures thereof.

Mixtures of amines can also be used in the invention. In one embodiment, a useful mixture of amines is "Primene® 81 R" and "Primene® JMT." Primene® 81R and Primene® JMT (both produced and sold by Rohm & Haas) are mixtures of C11 to C14 tertiary alkyl primary amines and C18 to C22 tertiary alkyl primary amines, respectively.

In one embodiment, the amine salt of a phosphoric acid or ester or ester is the reaction product of a C14 to C18 alkylated phosphoric acid with Primene 81R ™ (produced and sold by Rohm & Haas), which is a mixture of C11 to C14 tertiary alkyl primary amines.

Examples of the amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester include the reaction product or products of isopropyl, methyl amyl (1,3-dimethylbutyl or mixtures thereof), 2-ethyl-hexyl acids, heptyl, octyl. , nonyl, decyl, dodecyl, butadecyl, hexadecyl, octadecyl or eicosyl phosphoric (or dithiophosphoric) with ethylenediamine, morpholine, 2-ethylhexylamine or Primene 81R ™, and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises an amine salt of a phosphorus acid or ester or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the phosphorus acid or ester is a C14-C18 alkyl phosphoric acid or ester with Primene 81R ™ or 2-ethylhexylamine.

In one embodiment, a dithiophosphoric acid can be reacted with an epoxide or a glycol. This reaction product is further reacted with an acid, anhydride or lower phosphorus ester. The epoxide includes a

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aliphatic epoxide or a styrene oxide. Examples of useful epoxides include ethylene oxide, propylene oxide, butene oxide, octene oxide, dodecene oxide, styrene oxide and the like. In one embodiment, the epoxide is propylene oxide. The glycols can be aliphatic glycols having from about 1 to about 12, or from about 2 to about 6, or from about 2 to about 3 carbon atoms. The reagents for dithiophosphoric acids, glycols, epoxides, inorganic phosphorus and reaction methods thereof are described in US Patent Nos. 33,197,405 and 3,544,465. The resulting acids can then be salted with amines. An example of suitable dithiophosphoric acid is prepared by the addition of phosphorus pentoxide (approximately 64 grams) at approximately 58 ° C for a period of approximately 45 minutes to approximately 514 grams of O, O-di (1,3-dimethylbutyl) phosphorothithioate. hydroxypropyl (prepared by the reaction of di (1,3-dimethylbutyl) -phosphorodithioic acid with about 1.3 moles of propylene oxide at about 25 ° C). The mixture is heated at about 75 ° C for about 2.5 hours, mixed with a diatomaceous earth and filtered at about 70 ° C. The filtrate contains approximately 11.8% by weight of phosphorus, approximately 15.2% by weight of sulfur and an acid number of approximately 87 (bromophenol blue).

In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises a dithiophosphoric acid ester containing amide. A more detailed description for the amide-containing dithiophosphoric acid ester is found in US 4,938,884. A description of the molecular structure is found in column 2, lines 4-28. Suitable examples prepared are disclosed in Examples 1 to 7 (column 8, line 45, to column 10, line 13 of US 4,938,884). Typically, the amide-containing dithiophosphoric acid ester is prepared by the addition of dithiophosphoric acid to an acrylate, such as methyl acrylate.

In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises a carboxylic-containing dithiophosphoric acid ester, for example 3- (bis-pentoxy-thiophosphorylsulfanyl) propionic acid methyl ester, 3- (dibutoxythiophosphorylsulfanyl) propionic acid methyl ester or mixtures of the same.

In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises a non-ionic phosphorus compound. Typically, the non-ionic phosphorus compound may have an oxidation of +3 or +5. The different embodiments comprise phosphite ester, phosphate esters, or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises a non-ionic phosphorus compound that is a hydrocarbyl phosphite. The hydrocarbyl substituted phosphite of the invention includes those represented by the formula:

image7

wherein each R "'' may independently be hydrogen or a hydrocarbyl group, with the proviso that at least one of the R" 'groups is hydrocarbyl.

Each hydrocarbyl group of R '"may contain at least about 2 or about 4 carbon atoms. Typically, the combined total sum of carbon atoms present in both groups R'" may be less than about 45, less than about 35 or less that about 25. Examples of suitable ranges for the number of carbon atoms present in both R "groups" include from about 2 to about 40, from about 3 to about 24, or from about 4 to about 20. Examples of hydrocarbyl groups Suitable include propyl, butyl, t-butyl, pentyl, hexyl dodecyl, butadecyl, hexadecyl or octadecyl groups.In general, the hydrocarbyl phosphite is soluble or at least dispersible in oil.In one embodiment, the hydrocarbyl phosphite may be hydroxyphosphite. di-butyl or a C16-18 alkyl hydrogen phosphite A more detailed description of the non-ionic phosphorus compound includes column 9, line 48, to column 11, line 8, of US 6,103,673.

In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises a phosphate ester. Examples of a suitable phosphate ester include triaryl phosphates, such as tricresyl phosphate, triphenyl phosphate, tri-dimethylphenyl phosphate, tri-butylphenyl phosphate, or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the antiwear agent comprises a thiophosphate ester. Examples of a suitable thiophosphate ester include triaryl thiophosphates, such as tricresyl thiophosphate, triphenyl thiophosphate, tridimethylphenyl thiophosphate, tri-butylphenyl thiophosphate, or mixtures thereof.

The antiwear agent is present in 0.0001% by weight to 5% by weight, or from 0.001% by weight to 2% by weight, or from 0.05% by weight to 1.5% by weight, or from 0, 1% by weight to 1% by weight of the lubricant composition.

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Corrosion inhibitor

The corrosion inhibitor of the invention can also be described as metal deactivators or a yellow metal passivator.

The corrosion inhibitor comprises at least one of benzotriazoles, 1,2,4-triazoles, benzimidazoles, 2alkyldithiobenzimidazoles, 2-alkyldithiobenzothiazoles, 2- (N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl) benzothiazoles, 2,5-bis (alkyldithio) -1, 3,4-thiazoles, 2,5-bis (N, N-dialkyldithiocarbamoyl) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles, 2-alkylldithio-5-mercaptotidiazoles or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor is a benzotriazole. In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor is a 2,5-bis (alkyl-dithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazole. The corrosion inhibitor can be used alone or in combination with other corrosion inhibitors.

The benzotriazoles may contain hydrocarbyl substitutions in at least one of the following positions of the 1-or 2-or 4-or 5-or 6-or 7- ring. The hydrocarbyl groups may contain from 1 to about 30, or from 1 to about 15, or from 1 to about 7 carbon atoms. In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor is tolyltriazole. In one embodiment, the substituted hydrocarbyl benzotriazoles in positions 4-or 5-or 6-or 7-can be further reacted with an aldehyde and a secondary amine.

Examples of suitable hydrocarbyl benzotriazoles that have reacted further with an aldehyde and a secondary amine include N, N-bis (heptyl) -ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-methanamine, N, N-bis (nonyl) -ar -methyl-1H benzotriazol-1-methanamine, N, N-bis (decyl) -ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-methanamine, N, N-bis (undecyl) -ar-methyl-1Hbenzotriazol-1-methanamine, N, N-bis dodecyl) -ar-methyl-1H-benzotriazol-1-methanamine N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -ar-methyl-1Hbenzotriazol-1-methanamine and mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor is N, N-bis (2-ethylhexyl) -ar-methyl-1 H -benzotriazol-1-methanamine.

In one embodiment, the corrosion inhibitor is 2,5-bis (alkyl-dithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles. The 2,5bis (alkyl-dithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles alkyl groups contain from 1 to about 30, or from about 2 to about 25, or from 4 to about 20, or from about 6 to about 16 atoms carbon Examples of suitable 2,5-bis (alkyl-dithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazoles include 2,5-bis (tert-octyldithium) -1,3,4 thiadiazole, 2,5-bis (tert-nonildithio) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis (tert-decildithium) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, 2,5-bis (tert-undecyldithium) -1,3,4thiadiazole, 2,5-bis (tert-dodecyldithium) -1,3,4-thiadiazole, or mixtures thereof.

The corrosion inhibitor is present in 0.0001% by weight to 5% by weight, or from 0.0001% by weight to 0.5% by weight, or from 0.0001% by weight to 0.1% by weight, or from 0.0005% by weight to 0.05% by weight of the lubricant composition.

Lubricating viscosity oils

The lubricating composition comprises an oil of lubricating viscosity. Such oils include natural and synthetic oils, oil derived from hydrocracking, hydrogenation and hydro-finishing, unrefined, refined and refined oils, and mixtures thereof.

Unrefined oils are those obtained directly from a natural or synthetic source generally without additional purification treatment (or with little).

Refined oils are similar to unrefined oils, except that they have been further treated in a

or more purification steps to improve one or more properties. Purification techniques are known in the art and include solvent extraction, secondary distillation, acid or base extraction, filtration, percolation and the like.

Re-refined oils are also known as recovered or reprocessed oils and are obtained by procedures similar to those used to obtain refined oils and are often further processed by techniques aimed at the removal of depleted additives and degradation products of the oil.

Natural oils useful in the manufacture of the lubricants of the invention include animal oils, vegetable oils (for example, castor oil, butter oil), mineral lubricating oils such as liquid petroleum oils and solvent-treated or treated mineral lubricating oils with mixed paraffinic, naphthenic or paraffinic-naphthenic acid types and oils derived from coal or slate or mixtures thereof.

Synthetic lubricating oils are useful and include hydrocarbon oils such as polymerized and interpolymerized olefins (for example, polybutylenes, polypropylenes, propylene isobutylene copolymers); poly (1-hexenes), poly (1-octenes), poly (1-decene) and mixtures thereof; alkyl benzenes (eg, dodecylbenzenes, tetradecylbenzenes, dinonylbenzenes, di- (2-ethylhexyl) benzenes); polyphenyls (for example, biphenyls, terphenyls, alkylated polyphenyls); alkylated diphenyl ethers and alkylated diphenyl sulphides and derivatives, analogs and homologs thereof or mixtures thereof.

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Other synthetic lubricating oils include polyol esters (such as Prolube® 3970), diesters, liquid esters of phosphorus-containing acids (eg, tricresyl phosphate, trioctyl phosphate, and diethyl ester of phosphonic decane acid) or polymeric tetrahydrofurans. Synthetic oils can be produced by Fischer-Tropsch reactions and typically can be Fischer-Tropsch hydrocarbons or hydroisomerized waxes. In one embodiment, the oils can be prepared by a Fischer-Tropsch method of converting gas to synthetic liquid, as well as other gas oils to liquid.

Lubricating viscosity oils can also be defined as specified in the American Petroleum Institute (API) Base Oil Interchangeability Guidelines. The five base oil groups are as follows: Group I (sulfur content> 0.03% by weight, and / or <90% by weight of saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group II (sulfur content <0.03% by weight, and ≥90% by weight of saturates, viscosity index 80-120); Group III (sulfur content ≤0.03% by weight, and ≥90% by weight of saturates, viscosity index ≥120); Group IV (all polyalphaolefins (PAO)); and Group V (all others not included in groups I, II, III, or IV). The lubricating viscosity oil comprises an API oil of Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV, Group V or mixtures thereof. Often, the oil of lubricating viscosity is an API oil of Group I, Group II, Group III, Group IV

or mixtures thereof. Alternatively, the lubricating viscosity oil is often a Group II, Group III or Group IV API oil or mixtures thereof.

The amount of lubricating viscosity oil present is typically the remainder after subtracting 100% by weight of the sum of the amount of polymer, the antiwear agent, the corrosion inhibitor and other performance additives.

The lubricant composition may be in the form of a concentrate and / or a fully formulated lubricant. If the polymer, the antiwear agent and the corrosion inhibitor are in the form of a concentrate (which can be combined with additional oil to form, in whole or in part, a finished lubricant), the ratio of the components ( a), (b) and (c) (i.e., the polymer, the antiwear agent, and the corrosion inhibitor for the oil of lubricating viscosity and / or oil diluent include the ranges of 1:99 to 99: 1 by weight, or 80:20 to 10:90 by weight.

Other performance additive

The composition of the invention optionally also includes at least one other performance additive. The other performance additives include dispersants, detergents, viscosity index improvers (ie, viscosity modifiers other than the polymer (i.e., component (a) of the invention), antioxidants, foam inhibitors, demulsifiers, depressants of the pour point, foam inhibitors, a carboxylic acid or anhydride and mixtures thereof.

The combined total amount of the other performance additive compounds present on an oil-free base may include ranges from 0% by weight to about 25% by weight, or from about 0% by weight to 10% by weight, or from about 0.005 % by weight to about 5% by weight, or from about 0.005% by weight to about 1% by weight, or from about 0.005% by weight to about 0.5% by weight of the composition. Although one or more of the other performance additives may be present, it is common for the other performance additives to be present in different relative amounts to each other,

A suitable dispersant may be a succinimide dispersant (for example N-substituted long chain alkenyl succinimides), a Mannich dispersant, an ester containing dispersant, a condensation product of a fatty hydrocarbyl monocarboxylic acylating agent with an amine or ammonia, an alkylaminophenol dispersant, a hydrocarbylamine dispersant, a polyether dispersant, a polyetheramine dispersant. In different embodiments, the dispersant may be a succinimide dispersant, succinic acid ester, or Mannich.

In one embodiment, the succinimide dispersant comprises a polyisobutylene succinimide, wherein the polyisobutylene has a number average molecular weight of about 400 to about 5,000.

Succinimide dispersants and their methods of preparation are described more fully in US Patents 4,234,435 and 3,172,892.

The hydrocarbylamine dispersants are hydrocarbyl substituted amines. The hydrocarbyl substituted amine may be formed by heating a mixture of a chlorinated olefin or polyolefin, such as a chlorinated polyisobutylene with an amine such as ethylenediamine in the presence of a base such as sodium carbonate as described in US Pat. No. 5,407,453.

In one embodiment, the invention further comprises at least one dispersant derived from polyisobutylene, an amine and zinc oxide to form a succinimide polyisobutylene complex with zinc. The zinc succinimide polyisobutylene complex can be used alone or in combination. In one embodiment, the dispersant comprises a

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zinc succinimide polyisobutylene complex or mixtures thereof and is described in more detail in US 3,163,603.

Dispersants can also be treated by conventional methods by reaction with any of various agents. Among them are boron, urea, thiourea, dimercaptothiadiazoles, carbon disulfide, aldehydes, ketones, carboxylic acids, hydrocarbon-substituted succinic anhydrides, maleic anhydride, nitriles, epoxides, phosphorus compounds and / or metal compounds. In one embodiment, the dispersant is a borado dispersant. Typically, the borate dispersant comprises the succinimide dispersant comprises a polyisobutylene succinimide, wherein the polyisobutylene has a number average molecular weight of 140 to 5,000.

The dispersant may be present at 0% by weight to about 5% by weight, or about 0.05 to about 2.5% by weight, or about 0.1 to about 1.5% by weight of the lubricant composition.

Antioxidants include molybdenum compounds such as molybdenum dithiocarbamates, sulfurized olefins, sulphides such as tert-nonyl mercaptan that have reacted with propylene oxide (1: 1 molar ratio) hindered phenols (2,6-di-tert-butyl- 4-methylphenol, 2,6-di-t-butylphenol, 3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxyphenyl) propionic acid butyl ester, 3- (3,5-di-tert acid isooctyl ester -butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl) propionic or octyl ester of 3- (3,5-di-tert-butyl-4-hydroxy-phenyl) 2-ethylhexylpropionic acid), amine compounds such as phenylaphanphthylamine

or alkylated diphenylamines (typically di-nonyldiphenylamine, diphenylamine, di-octyldiphenylamine, butyloctyldiphenylamine, octyl diphenylamine styrene or diethyl diphenylamine dinonyl).

The antioxidant may be present at 0% by weight to about 3% by weight, or from about 0.0 ° to about 1.5% by weight, or from about 0.05 to about 0.8% by weight of the composition lubricant.

The detergent can be natural or synthetic. In one embodiment, the detergent is synthetic.

Detergent may be a sulfate or a sulphurized phenate, a sulphonate, an alkyl salicylate, a salixarate, a saligenin, or mixtures thereof.

In one embodiment, the detergent comprises a sulfate or a sulfurized phenate.

In one embodiment, the detergent comprises a sulphonate detergent. The sulphonate detergent may also have corrosion inhibiting properties.

The sulfonate detergent of the composition includes compounds represented by the formula: (R1) kA-SO3M, wherein each R1 is a hydrocarbyl group in an embodiment containing from about 6 to about 40, or from about 8 to about 35, or from about 8 to about 30, or from about 8 to about 20 carbon atoms; A can independently be a divalent or multivalent cyclic or acyclic hydrocarbon group: M is hydrogen, a valence of a metal ion, an ammonium ion or mixtures thereof: and k is an integer from 0 to about 5, for example 0 , 1, 2, 3, 4, 5. In one embodiment k is 1, 2 or 3, in another embodiment 1 or 2 and in another embodiment 2.

In one embodiment, k is 1 and R1 is a branched alkyl group with from about 6 to about 40 carbon atoms. In one embodiment k is 1 and R1 is a linear alkyl group with from about 6 to about 40 carbon atoms.

Examples of suitable linear alkyl group R 1 include octyl, nonyl, decyl, undecyl, dodecyl, pentadecyl, hexadecyl, eicosyl, or mixtures thereof.

When M is a valence of a metal ion, the metal can be monovalent, divalent, trivalent or mixtures of such metals. When it is monovalent, the metal M includes an alkali metal such as lithium, sodium, or potassium, and when divalent, the metal M includes an alkaline earth metal such as magnesium, calcium or barium. In one embodiment, the metal is an alkaline earth metal. In one embodiment, the metal is calcium.

When A is a cyclic hydrocarbon group, suitable groups include phenylene groups or condensed bicyclic groups, such as naphthylene, indenylene, indanylene, bicoclopentadieniene or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment A comprises a naphthylene ring.

In different embodiments, the detergent is neutral or overbased. In one embodiment, the detergent is neutral.

Examples of suitable detergents include at least one of benzenesulfonate substituted with calcium C8-20 alkyl, calcium dinonyl naphthalenesulfonate, calcium didecyl naphthalenesulfonate, calcium didodecyl naphthalenesulfonate, calcium dipentadecyl naphthalenesulfonate, or mixtures thereof. In one embodiment, the detergent comprises neutral or slightly overbased calcium dinonyl naphthalenesulfonate or mixtures thereof.

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Claims (1)

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