ES2584240T3 - Sliding door - Google Patents

Abstract

Sliding door (1), which can be operated selectively manually or automatically with a sliding door leaf (2, 12), which has a rolling surface and is guided in a lower guide (5) by wheels and in an upper guide (4 , 14), being operable by a regulation and control unit, a drive unit (30) comprising a drive wheel (6, 16), a motor-reducer (22) and a coupling device (10) , 20), where the drive wheel (6, 16) is operatively coupled with the motor-reducer (22) and the coupling device (10, 20), where the state coupled to the door leaf (2, 12) is movable by means of the motor-reducer (22), characterized in that the drive unit (30) additionally has a back pressure wheel (8, 18) and measuring means (7, 29), where the back pressure wheel (8, 18 ) is mounted on the side opposite the drive wheel (6, 16) of the door leaf a (2, 12) at the top of the door leaf (2, 12), the back pressure wheel acting perpendicular to the surface of the door leaf (2, 12), and where the measuring means are formed by a measuring wheel (7, 29) to determine the position of the door leaf (2, 12), where the door leaf (2, 12) is continuously guided between the back pressure wheel (8, 18) and the wheel measuring device (7, 29), where the coupling device (10, 20) supports the motor-reducer (22) with the drive wheel (6, 16) and the coupling device (10, 20) can be moved in the direction horizontal to bring the drive wheel (6, 16) into contact with the rolling surface of the door leaf (2, 12) or to distance itself from it.

Description

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DESCRIPTION

Sliding door

The invention relates to a sliding door operable manually and / or automatically with a sliding door leaf.

Different sliding doors are available in the market, both straight and curved, which can be used for different applications. These known sliding doors require a large building space at the top for installation and operation. In addition, it is difficult to make such sliding doors also easy to assemble and maintain in tight spaces. This implies that such sliding doors cannot be used in small spaces in particular. Because the sliding doors that are on the market are driven by belts, cables or toothed belts, in addition to requiring a large construction space, it also entails a certain vulnerability of the parts subjected to wear. In addition, with the drive of the belts or cables, a tensioning device of the drive means is also provided. Such tensioning devices are adjusted to reduce the tension of the drive means. In addition to high friction, such drives cause high wear on the rotating parts of the drive, or that move and therefore a short service life. In addition, the energy used is mainly consumed in overcoming frictional resistance. The known sliding doors are arranged hung on wheels or the like at the top of the door leaf, hovering on a corresponding profile. At the bottom, the door leaf is guided laterally by a rail or similar. The drive is carried out either manually or by means of a motor, or also by pneumatic cylinders. In case of failure, such doors can be operated manually requiring great effort or cannot even be operated.

Patent document DE 42 07 058 C2 describes a procedure for controlling an automatic sliding door with learning function. This publication does not provide for an alternative manual handling.

Patent document DE 43 32 301 C2 discloses a driven sliding door, in which the transmission between the drive and the door leaf is attachable and detachable. In this way, its operation can be switched between a manual and an automatic mode. The sliding door is guided while hanging, which requires a lot of space in the vertical direction. The force is transmitted in this case by gears or worm gear. Especially in curved doors, this solution requires considerable constructive effort. The contact force is applied in the vertical direction. No specific glutton of the door is indicated.

Patent document DE 8135350 U1 discloses a driven curved door leaf. The door leaf is guided while hanging by wheels on a rail. In addition, the door leaf is driven by means of a friction wheel that acts on a drive profile mounted on the door leaf. This form of realization has the disadvantage that it requires, on the one hand, a glutton for the wheels on top of the door leaf and, in addition, an additional profile for actuating the door leaf. The door leaf, being guided while hanging, requires a lot of space. This negatively affects especially requirements where only a small space is available in height, however, it must guarantee a maximum door opening height. To guide the door, stationary wheels are provided, which glide the door leaf in a U-profile.

The proposed embodiments of the sliding doors selectively actuated manually or automatically according to the state of the art, have the drawback that the drive unit and the rail-guiding means constitute separate components and therefore require a lot of construction space vertically.

The aim of the invention is to provide a sliding door system that can be selectively operated manually or automatically and that requires a significantly small construction space, particularly vertically, and that also has smooth operation and requires little maintenance. In addition, the sliding door system must be able to be used in both mobile and fixed enclosures and be suitable for use by the disabled.

The objective of the invention is achieved with the differentiating characteristics of revindication 1 together with the characteristics of the preamble thereof.

The dependent claims provide additional advantageous embodiments of the invention.

As a solution, a type of easy, efficient and energy-saving sliding door drive is proposed, being able to operate in dual mode, that is to say, it can be operated selectively in manual or automatic mode.

In a known manner, the sliding door comprises a door leaf, which is guided horizontally at its upper edge, in particular by means of brushes, resting vertically on wheels on a lower guide. Additionally, a drive unit is provided comprising a motor-reducer, as well as a drive wheel, a coupling unit, a counter pressure wheel and measuring means.

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In accordance with the invention, the measuring means are formed by a measuring wheel that is mounted on the side opposite the counterpressure wheel. Thus, in addition to the displacement sensor, which is indispensable for automatic operation, guidance and adjustment means are provided in the same construction unit. When the door is guided continuously between the measuring wheel and the counterpressure wheel in its horizontal orientation, it is therefore possible to separate the drive wheel from the contact surface without affecting the guidance and alignment of the door.

This type of drive, in particular that which acts perpendicular to the surface of the door leaf, has the advantage that the drive is suitable for both curved doors and straight doors. Additionally, because the drive unit is mounted laterally, automatic door operation is possible without significantly reducing the height of the door to the ceiling. By separating the drive wheels from the tread surface in manual operation, the friction resistance of the door for this mode of operation can be reduced.

In a further embodiment, the sliding door according to the invention comprises in a known way a door leaf, which is guided at its upper end, in particular, by brushes according to a horizontal direction, resting on wheels in a lower glutton.

By means of the counterpressure wheel and the measuring wheel, it is possible to arrange and guide the door leaf horizontally. This guidance also allows an application of the driving force perpendicular to the surface of the door, balancing the door and avoiding movement of it from one side to the other. The door leaf is secured between the back pressure wheel and the measuring wheel at its upper end to avoid displacements from one side to the other. This provides a quiet and safe movement of the door. The lower wheel glider can be made with a small construction height. The gluttony of brushes makes it possible to guide the door leaf close to the ceiling, which guarantees a maximum step height. The drive is configured in such a way that the motor-reducer for automatic operation is mountable under the upper edge of the door.

In particular, the back pressure wheel is set as adjustable. This allows an exact arrangement of the door leaf in a horizontal direction and provides an especially quiet and smooth sliding door race.

In an especially advantageous embodiment, the drive wheel remains uncoupled in a state without current. Thus, for example, in case of power failure in the drive, the sliding door can be activated perfectly in manual mode. This makes it possible for the sliding door to be opened manually also in emergency situations.

By means of a required activation, for example, by means of a push-button, the drive unit and the coupling unit are activatable, which guarantees an automatic operation of the sliding door.

The door leaf preferably moves on two adjustable wheels, which are embedded in the lower part of the door leaf and are guided in a guide rail in the ground area. Said guide rail can be embedded in the ground or also mounted on the ground at a small height. In this way it is possible that this guide rail does not offer any obstacle to wheelchairs.

Advantageously, the previous embodiment of the sliding door is additionally carried out at least at the ends or even over the entire area of the sliding door, in particular by means of laterally mounted brushes. In this way, the door leaf is guided with little friction. The guidance of the brushes makes rolling with precision possible and further reduces the introduction of dust and dirt. In addition, this facilitates assembly significantly, since no adjustment is necessary.

The brushes are preferably held in a U-profile, which is configured as an upper glutton profile. This profile is mounted on the complete path of the door in the ceiling, or on accessory building parts in the wall. On the one hand, the U-profile has a small constructive height, on the other hand, the door can be fitted with its upper edge on the U-profile without difficulty, which makes easy assembly possible. The brushes can be mounted both on the profile and on the door leaf.

In particular, the drive unit is mounted in the middle of the complete path in the upper guide profile. This has the advantage that it allows a maximum travel in advance of the door without moving the drive unit.

In particular, the modules of the modular drive unit essentially comprise a motor-reducer with a drive wheel, an adjustable counter pressure wheel, a coupling unit and a measuring unit, being mounted on a platform or mounting frame one at a time. side of the other.

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In this way, the adapted mounting platform constitutes a module, which can be used for different drives without modifications or only with few modifications.

In a further advantageous embodiment, the measuring means are formed separately. For example, in the form of a laser measurement system.

In one embodiment it has been proven that it is advantageous that a measuring wheel or a travel measuring wheel is conveniently provided with a spring. In the embodiment, the travel speed is determined and therefore the exact position of the door leaf, being transferred to a microprocessor control or regulation for processing.

Additionally, "open" or "closed" sensors may be arranged for the final positions, which may be attached to both ends of the upper glutton by providing a fixed reference, for example. In addition, a locking unit is arranged on the door leaf, which can be operated both manually and automatically.

Preferably, the regulation and control device is configured as a microprocessor control and is housed in the area of the drive module to facilitate its maintenance, or accessibility requirements. This microprocessor control or regulation can be programmed and adjusted by means of parameters for all the functions that can be conceived corresponding to the requirements. The corresponding status can be read through a status indicator. So it is also possible to detect faults that may arise through the status indicator. Additionally, the microprocessor control or regulation has separate inputs for different external signals.

The field of application of such sliding doors can be, for example, a closure for a toilet cabin or a closure for a shower cabin or the like, both in mobile and fixed enclosures. This type of sliding door offers especially great advantages in its application to vehicles on rails. Thus, the drive remains in the idle state when it is without power and therefore without contacting the door leaf. This facilitates an operation in dual mode, since in this situation the door leaf can be moved in manual mode freely. However, it is also possible with the same provision, that the door can be operated automatically, which greatly facilitates its use for the disabled. In addition, the door can be opened again at any time, which offers the user security in vehicle spaces on rails, which are normally narrow. In this way unnecessary panic situations can be avoided.

In particular, a combined operation is also possible, applied for example in a sliding door that would be opened manually but not subsequently closed by a user. By means of the intelligent microprocessor control or regulation it is possible that after an adjustable period of time the door closes automatically to the final closed position. Therefore, the sliding door according to the invention guarantees both the advantages of a manual and a operated door leaf, by providing the convenience of using a driven door and the safety of its operation in manual mode.

A sliding door according to the invention combines the advantages of a manually operated sliding door, as well as a sliding door operated, guaranteeing, on the one hand, the comfort of use of a driven door and, on the other hand, safety in the Handling with manual functionality. In this sense, in addition, a better use of resources is provided through lower use of materials, as well as efficient energy consumption and greater durability of parts subjected to wear. This is because the number of parts subjected to wear of the drive unit is reduced to the minimum necessary. A drive unit of this type is constructed as a replaceable module and also consists of individual modules, so that the modules can be used for different applications without being modified. Thus, for example, the drive unit can be used without being modified for different door widths and even for doors that open to the left, or to the right.

Other advantages, features and possible applications of the invention are apparent from the following description together with the embodiment shown in the drawings.

The invention is described in detail below, by the embodiment shown in the drawings. In the description, in the claims, the summary and in the drawings, the terms indicated in the attached reference list with the corresponding reference signs are used. It shows:

Fig. 1 is a schematic representation of a sliding door according to the invention according to a top plan view, in a closed position and a non-active state of a drive unit;

Fig. 2, as in Figure 1, but in an open position;

Fig. 3 is a schematic representation of a sliding door, in which the closed door leaf is operated by means of a drive unit;

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Fig. 4, as in figure 3, but in the open position;

Fig. 5 is a schematic representation according to a cross-sectional view of a door leaf in a sliding door not according to the invention; Y

Fig. 6 is a schematic representation according to a cross-sectional view of a door leaf in an embodiment according to the invention.

A schematic representation of a sliding door with the reference sign -1- is shown in Figure 1. This exemplary embodiment relates to a curved sliding door, but the invention can also be applied to an embodiment of a straight sliding door.

Within a lower guide rail -5-, a door leaf -2- is moved by means of wheels (not shown) following a certain circular path. A top guide rail -4- is also included, so that the door leaf -2- performs a clean guide. On the right side of the door leaf -2- a hardware -3- is shown, which provides a closure -9- from a closed position to an open position. However, the closure -9- is designed so that also by microprocessor control or regulation it can be brought to a locked or open position. This can be done, for example, by activating a button, a sensor or the like.

An drive unit, with which the individual modules are arranged schematically in Figure 1, consists essentially of a drive wheel -6-, which cooperates with a counterpressure wheel -8-, which rolls on a drive surface of a profile at the top of the door leaf -2- and that is fixed to the door leaf -2-. In addition, the drive unit also comprises a coupling unit -10- asl as measuring means -7-. In the representation of the representation of figure 1, the drive unit is not active because the door leaf -2- can be operated manually by means of the fitting -3-. For example, to achieve a good cooperation between the drive wheel -6-, which is made as a friction wheel, and the counterpressure wheel -8-, both the back pressure wheel -8- and the drive wheel -6- They are made so that they can be adjusted using an eccentric.

The coupling unit -10- can be realized as a pneumatic unit, when applied to vehicles on rails. However, it is also possible that it can be configured as an electric unit. By means of the coupling unit -10-, the drive wheel -6- is pressed against a drive surface (not shown) on the door leaf -2- in the area of the back pressure wheel -8-. In this way, by means of the rotation of the drive wheel -6-, a movement of the door leaf -2- can be carried out along the guide rails -4- and -5-.

The measuring means -7- are provided to determine a position of the door leaf -2- with precision throughout the entire path. The measuring means 7 can be, for example, a measuring wheel subjected to a force generated by a spring, to compensate for a possible sliding. However, it is also possible for the measurement means to consist of an incremental encoder or another sensor for measuring travel.

In figure 2, unlike figure 1, the door leaf has been brought to the open position by a manual operation. For this, the door leaf -2- has been moved by a manual force between the lower guide rail -5- and the upper guide rail -4-. In this position, the space under the door leaf -2- can be stepped on and, after stepping on, the door leaf -2- can, for example, be manually moved to the closing position according to Figure 1 .

Figures 3 and 4 show the automatic operation and the corresponding movement of the door leaf -2- by means of the drive unit.

In figure 3, the door leaf -2- moves between the guide rails -4- and -5- after an automatic release of the lock -9- by means of the drive unit, that is the drive wheel - 6-, which is pressed against the door leaf -2- and therefore next to the counterpressure wheel -8-. The pressing of the drive wheel -6- against the guiding surface (not shown) is carried out by the coupling unit -10-.

Figure 4 shows the door leaf -2- in the open position.

An automatic operation can be initiated, for example, at the request of a disabled person by activating a button on the wall or the like. At this time, the drive unit is connected, so that the drive wheel -6- moves the door leaf -2- from the closed position. If the person steps on the space under the door leaf -2-, the door can be closed automatically. However, for this it is also possible that a button or the like can be activated again. The door leaf -2- closes automatically and locking means in the form of closing -9- also automatically lock the door leaf -2-. However, it is also possible that for this purpose an additional or similar button can be activated, so that

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No other person can step on the space. To leave the space, the person activates the button again and the door leaf -2- moves to the open position. In addition, it is possible that, before opening the door leaf, for safety reasons, the door can be switched off by means of an additional or similar button.

Figure 5 shows a cross-section of a sliding door not according to the invention, which is guided by a drive wheel -16- and a counter pressure wheel -18-. The door leaf -12- is guided by wheels -15- in the lower guide rail -13-. In the upper part of the door leaf -12- it is guided by brushes -24-, which are supported by a U-shaped profile, which serves as the upper guide rail -14-. On the door leaf -12- a counterpressure wheel -18- meshes on one side. Opposite this, the drive wheel -16- is arranged so that it can be coupled to a motor-reducer -22- by means of a coupling unit -20-. The motor-reducer -22-, the drive wheel -16- and the counterpressure wheel -18- are mounted on a common mounting frame -26-. In this way all the parts of the drive unit -30- are placed firmly fixed with respect to each other.

When the sliding door is in manual operation mode, the coupling unit -20- separates the connection between the motor-reducer -22- and the drive wheel -16-, which makes possible a smooth movement of the door, which thereafter is guided and adjusted between the drive wheel -16-, which rotates freely, and the counterpressure wheel -18-. This prevents movements from one side of the door to the other.

When switched to automatic mode, the coupling unit -20- is coupled to the drive wheel -16- in the motor-reducer -22-. In this way the moment of rotation of the motor-reducer -22- can be transferred on the door leaf -12-. Thus, the door can be moved. To obtain information about the door travel, or about its instantaneous position, the drive wheel has measuring means, which determine the travel of the door when moving and transfer it to a control unit.

By means of the invention an especially economical solution of a sliding door is proposed, which lends itself to being used especially in places where the available space is reduced.

Precisely due to the duality of this sliding door it is possible that the utilization of the operated sliding door can be facilitated for disabled people. However, it also offers other non-disabled people the possibility that it can be used in a conventional manner, that is, operated manually.

Figure 6 shows a cross-section of a further embodiment of a sliding door according to the invention, which is guided by a tilting drive wheel -16-, a counter pressure wheel -18- and a measuring wheel. The door leaf -12- is guided by wheels -15- in the lower guide rail -13-. In the upper part of the door leaf -12- it is guided by brushes -24-, which are supported by a U-shaped profile, which serves as the upper guide rail -14-. On the door leaf -12- a counterpressure wheel -18- meshes on one side. Opposite this, the tilting coupling unit -20- is arranged together with the drive wheel -16- and the motor-reducer -22-. The motor-reducer -22-, the drive wheel -16- and the counterpressure wheel -18- are mounted on a common mounting frame -26-. In this way, all the parts of the drive unit -30- are placed firmly fixed with respect to each other.

When the sliding door is in manual operation mode, the drive unit -20- separates the connection of the drive wheel -16- with the running surface -28-, which makes it possible to smoothly move the door. Thereafter the sliding door is guided and adjusted between the counter pressure wheel -18- and the measuring wheel -29-, as well as between the brushes -24-. This prevents movements from one side of the door to the other.

When switched to automatic operation, the drive unit -20- tilts the drive wheel -16- on the running surface, thus transferring the turning moment of the motor-reducer -22- onto the door leaf -12 -, so that the door leaf -12- can be moved. To obtain information about the door travel, or about its instantaneous position, a measuring wheel -29- is mounted, which determines the travel of the door when moving and transfers it to a control unit.

By means of the invention, a particularly economical solution of a sliding door is proposed, which can be realized as both a curved door and a straight door and which lends itself to being used especially in places where the available space is reduced.

The sliding door according to the invention makes possible the commutation between the manual and automatic mode of operation even by resorting to a reduced construction space, in particular vertically. By means of modularity it is possible to easily replace damaged components or the entire door leaf without problem. It should be noted that the configuration of space saving makes possible in particular its suitability for use by disabled people.

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Reference List

 one

 Sliding door

 2

 Door's leaf

 3

 Ironwork

 4

 Top guide rail

 5

 Lower guide rail

 6

 Drive wheel

 7

 Means of measurement

 8

 Backpressure wheel

 9

 Closing

 10

 Coupling unit

 12

 Door's leaf

 13

 Lower guide rail

 14

 Top guide rail

 fifteen

 Wheels

 16

 Drive wheel

 18

 Backpressure wheel

 twenty

 Coupling unit

 22

 Motor-reducer

 24

 Brushes

 26

 Mounting platform

 28

 Rolling surface

 29

 Measuring wheel

 30

 Drive unit

Claims (9)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 1. Sliding door (1), which can be operated selectively manually or automatically with a sliding door leaf (2, 12), which has a rolling surface and is guided in a lower guide (5) by wheels and in an upper guide (4, 14), being operable by means of a regulation and control unit, also being provided a drive unit (30) comprising a drive wheel (6, 16), a motor-reducer (22) and a coupling device (10, 20), where the drive wheel (6, 16) is operatively coupled with the motor-reducer (22) and the coupling device (10, 20), where the state coupled to the door leaf (2, 12) ) is movable by means of the motor-reducer (22), characterized in that the drive unit (30) additionally has a back pressure wheel (8, 18) and measuring means (7, 29), where the back pressure wheel (8 , 18) is mounted on the side opposite the drive wheel (6, 16) of the door leaf (2, 1 2) in the upper part of the door leaf (2, 12), the counterpressure wheel acting perpendicular to the surface of the door leaf (2, 12), and where the measuring means are formed by a measuring wheel (7, 29) to determine the position of the door leaf (2, 12), where the door leaf (2, 12) is continuously guided between the back pressure wheel (8, 18) and the measuring wheel (7 , 29), where the coupling device (10, 20) supports the motor-reducer (22) with the drive wheel (6, 16) and the coupling device (10, 20) is movable horizontally to put in contact the drive wheel (6, 16) with the rolling surface of the door leaf (2, 12) or to distance itself from it. 2. Sliding door, according to revindication 1, characterized in that the measuring wheel (7) is subjected to a force generated by a spring. 3. Sliding door, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the coupling unit (10, 30) is configured to be electromechanically or pneumatically movable. 4. Sliding door, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding door (1) is guided at its upper end by brushes (24). 5. Sliding door, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive wheel (8, 18) is adjustable. 6. Sliding door, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the rolling surface (28), which remains in contact with the drive wheel, is made of metal. 7. Sliding door, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the drive unit is mounted in the middle of the travel of the door leaf. 8. Sliding door, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the door leaf (2, 12) is configured as curved. 9. Sliding door, according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the sliding door (1) is used in mobile enclosures, in vehicles on rails, or in fixed enclosures, in buildings.