ES2564039B2 - Security enclosure for animals and people in communication and other spaces - Google Patents

Abstract

Security enclosure for animals and people in communication and other spaces, to prevent the intrusion of animals and people, comprising a main fence (2) of posts (14, 14 ', 15) with wire mesh (16), and system of active evacuation comprising an automatic device (7) that, installed in one or more evacuation zones (4) provided at certain points of the enclosure (1), detects the presence of animals and activates elements that determine escape routes for animals. In addition to the main fence (2) it comprises, at least, a section of secondary fence (3) parallel to the main fence (2) on the inside of the fence, forming a funnel in the evacuation zone (4), and two motorized doors (6), located on the main fence (2) in coincidence with the ends of the secondary fence section (3), connected to the automatic drive device (7).

Description

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

DESCRIPTION

Security enclosure for animals and people in communication and other spaces

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The invention, as expressed in the statement of the present specification, refers to a security enclosure for animals and people in communication and other spaces, which contributes, to the function to which it is intended, advantages and characteristics, which will be described in detail below, which are a remarkable novelty in the current state of the art.

More specifically, the object of the invention focuses on a security enclosure that, intended to be installed on communication roads, such as roads, highways, railroad tracks, as well! Like other spaces sensitive to the penetration of both domestic and wild animals and especially people, in order to prevent intrusion into them that may cause damage or accidents, it presents, among other features, the particularity of having an automatic device that , installed in one or more evacuation zones planned throughout the enclosure, it works as an active system that detects the presence of animals or people and facilitates their exit in case of intrusion into the enclosure by any entrance or open section of the same.

FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION

The field of application of the present invention is part of the industry dedicated to the manufacture and installation of enclosures and anti-intrusion safety systems for animals or people and their evacuation of danger zones.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

For an enclosure of any kind to serve more than delimit it is necessary that it be made with quality materials and, more importantly, have a correct installation. The best materials distributed in the space are of no use, their placement is fundamental, especially for protection enclosures such as communication roads (motorways, highways, high-speed railways, etc.), cattle farms or cinegetics , etc. The poor state of these enclosures causes thousands of road accidents every year with terrible consequences. In the case of traffic lanes, the animals, frightened and disoriented, find no place to leave and that is when they begin to cross the road from one side to the other. It is at this time when accidents occur, and not only because of collision with them, but because of the evasion maneuvers of drivers, which are the ones that mostly cause accidents.

It would be desirable, therefore, to improve these facilities, adapting them to be impassable by most animals. Even so, there are always weak points in the enclosure, which are the crossroads of roads and access to the road, not to mention the deterioration or unwanted openings that may occur due to uncontrollable causes such as accidents, meteorological disasters or vandalism. Therefore, it is even more desirable to be able to have a system that, once the accidental intrusion of animals has occurred, allows them to provide a means of escape that avoids the possibility of accidents, saving both human lives and that of the animals themselves.

Therefore, the objective of the present invention is the development of an enclosure with said evacuation system, the implementation of which will allow reducing the risk of loss of this type by more than 50% per year, saving human lives, serious injuries and animals .

As it refers to the current state of the art, it should be noted that currently high-speed roads, such as motorways and highways, have only one signaling fence for land ownership that is not protective, installed along its route, which, therefore it is easily franked by wild animals (wild boars, deer, roe deer ...) 5 and escaped domestic animals (dogs, sheep, horses ...) or by people.

To allow the exit of these animals that enter the circulation zone there are installed hatches, ramps, etc., systems that are not effective, either because they are not in operation (closed doors) or because of the complexity that their animals entail. utilization (climbing a ramp of sand or wood to jump over the fence), 10 being normally, simply passive elements. Specifically, the main systems to prevent entry and facilitate the exit of animals in the communication routes are:

- installation of light and sound systems

- installation of reflective elements

15 - application of repellent substances

- speed limit signaling

- conventional metal fencing

- escape ramps

- breakage

20 - installation of Canadian steps

- bridge construction

- construction of overpasses for wildlife

- construction of false tunnel with wildlife overpass

- construction of underground passage for fauna.

25 However, all these systems, or are very economically expensive to apply, in addition to some of them complex, the effectiveness they present in preventing animals from invading the road is low or very low. However, improving its application (distribution in strategic areas and / or complementing it with another system) positively influencing its effectiveness, in fact some are necessary to use in the closing auctions 30, in the intersections and access to the vehicles , which are also passable by animals.

Therefore, it is noted that, although multiple types of fences and enclosures applicable to all types of spaces are known, including communication vouchers, also having evacuation systems, at least by the applicant, the existence of any of them is unknown. another enclosure or invention of similar application that presents technical, structural and constitutive characteristics similar to those presented here, as claimed.

EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

Thus, the security enclosure for animals and people in communication routes and other 40 spaces that the invention proposes is configured as a novelty within its field of application, since according to its implementation and in a restrictive way they are achieved

3

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

satisfactorily the previously stated objectives, the characterizing details making it possible conveniently included in the final claims that accompany this description.

Specifically, what the invention proposes, as noted above, is a security enclosure that, in addition to preventing the intrusion of animals into the vlas or spaces in which it is installed, has an evacuation system that facilitates the exit of the same in case of eventual intrusion into the enclosure by any open entrance or section thereof, with the particularity that said evacuation system is an active system that comprises an automatic device that, installed in one or more evacuation zones, detects the presence of the animals in said area and triggers a series of elements that determine escape routes that force the animals out of the limits of the enclosure without causing any damage.

To this end, the enclosure is essentially composed of a main fence that runs parallel to the road or surrounds the space to be controlled, and, at least, a section of secondary fence, of the same characteristics as the main fence, which is located parallel to said main fence on the inside of it, covering what we will call the evacuation zone.

This section of secondary fence has a funnel shape at the ends, that is, it has segments at its two ends that are angled as close as possible to the asphalt or quitamiedos to ensure that the animals, which instinctively run close to the main fence for the space between it and the asphalt looking for an exit, enter the evacuation zone.

Preferably, the length of the secondary fence section is approximately 25-50 meters, and may vary depending on the terrain and the area where the enclosure is installed.

Likewise, the main fence, in the evacuation zone that runs parallel to the mentioned section of the secondary fence, has two electro-mechanical motorized doors, with automatic controlled opening, which, preferably, are equal, of the same height as the rest of the the fence and manufactured, also preferably, with 40x40 cm round or square metal tube. approx. and with 5x10 cm mesh. In any case, in order to lighten in materials to reduce its manufacturing cost and increase the number of systems to be installed. The length of the doors will be approximately 3 or 4 meters, and may also vary depending on the terrain where it is installed. In any case, said length will be somewhat greater than the separation distance between the main fence and the straight section of the secondary fence, so that its opening, oriented towards said section, blocks the passage between both fences.

Finally, the enclosure includes, also installed in the aforementioned evacuation zone, an automatic actuation device for the opening of said doors, which essentially comprises: an autonomous energy equipment that feeds said device and is composed of a solar panel, battery solar, charge regulator, inverter ... for its operation at 12-24V in cases where we are not near the electric network on the road (220V), since, optionally, it can also work with the electric grid, for example how much information panels, registration boxes or other available points are found nearby, especially on motorways and highways; an electronic base (configuration plate of the control functions of opening and closing of the stalls); electric door closer mechanism and springs installed in the doors and connected to the electronic base; and motion sensors that detect the presence of animals in the evacuation zone and activate the operation of the device so that, in turn, it activates the

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

opening and closing mechanism of the doors.

Optionally, the device also contemplates the existence of one or more surveillance and control cameras in the evacuation zone, which also may be connected to the electronic base to activate and record when the device comes into operation, allowing to observe its operation, types of animals that can activate it as well as any incident that could occur.

With all this, the operation of the evacuation system is as follows:

- Once animals have entered the area delimited by the enclosure, either by the existence of an uncontrolled opening, caused by accident and other cause, or by passing through one of the access entrances of the road itself, the animals, exalted by the pitos and noise of the vehicles themselves, "wire" looking for an exit and cross the road on numerous occasions increasing the possibility of accident risk by collision or when trying to avoid it.

- When moving close to the main fence, between it and the asphalt of the road, they arrive at an evacuation zone where there is a section of secondary fence parallel to the main fence, with the angled ends, forming a cone or directed duct which forces animals to enter the.

- Upon entering the evacuation zone, the sensors of the device detect the presence of animals and the electronic control base to which it is connected activates the mechanism of the gates of the main fence, located on both sides of said evacuation zone , causing both to open at the same time. This determines the blockage of the passage between both fences inside the evacuation zone and, at the same time, two escape ropes so that the animals can go and leave the area that encloses the enclosure.

This new system is always active and it is so simple and efficient that the animals leave the areas of high risk of accidents without realizing it and in a repetitive way, because it is armed automatically being prepared to evacuate again.

The enclosure is completely effective, because the animals simply follow their course after sneaking into the limitations of the road.

Following the particularities of the enclosure of the invention, it should be noted that, in addition to the characteristics described, both the main fence and the section or sections of the secondary fence that are incorporated in the evacuation zone or zones are constructed in a way that ensures safe the intrusion of animals along its entire length.

For this, the aforementioned fences that make up the security enclosure, preferably, are made of quality materials, which ensure their durability over time against the different agents that affect it such as weather conditions (rain, sun, ice, lightning ...), vehicle accidents, animal pressure, etc.

Specifically, both fences comprise painted iron posts to prevent corrosion, or wood with waterproofing treatment; steel fences with galvanized corrosion protection.

Also, since the key to a secure enclosure is the tension it presents, since it is the one that creates robustness, safety against impacts, prevents it from being franked by animals (depending on the model installed by its height and light box), and helps the fence itself to maintain its good condition, the fences of the enclosure of the invention have specially structured starts to ensure said tension.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

Specifically, the foundation of the starter posts is incorporated in flared holes, not cylindrical, to increase its resistance.

In addition, these starting posts, if like those that determine corners, are always iron, regardless of whether the rest of the fence is with wooden posts.

With the aforementioned foundation of starts and corners and a foundation only per inca, but with a depth of at least 50 cm, in the intermediate posts, the fences can reach a tension of more than 2500 kg. of drag. Enough to hold from any animal, including brave bulls, to cushion the impact of a vehicle avoiding major evils. The distance between posts varies according to the work and the type of terrain.

Also, preferably, the last frame or lower portion of the mesh or barbed wire is disposed and overlapped on the ground, making it difficult for animals to create catheters where they can cross it.

It is essential that the fences are installed on a perfectly flat base or at level 0, in the center of a land recess made with a V-shaped blade.

In addition, in the water evacuation zones, special hatches that allow draining and retaining the animals will preferably be installed. These hatches are tilting or drainage works in the form of a siphon, although this is somewhat more expensive. The trapdoor is manufactured with a 40x40 square tube and 8 mm mesh. The light box will be reduced if it is to avoid the passage of small species. The measures will be according to the type of passage of water, ravine, stream or torrential.

Once the tension of the fence is fixed, it is fixed to the posts by means of a wire of at least 2 mm. In a number of bundles greater than half of the wires contained in the fence. With this fixation the enclosure is truly a security enclosure, since, the less animals are able to cross the main fence and reach the best way. When for reasons of force majeure, for example of breakage by accident, adverse weather conditions or simply the entry through the access of the vehicles to the own route of an animal that can create dangerous situations, the evacuation system will be the one involved.

It should be noted that different types of assembly will be carried out according to the areas or if it is a repair on an existing enclosure, since the enclosure would have to be adapted in areas of abundance of certain species such as rabbits. From the outset, it does not seem to be a kind of risk, but the run-over rabbit attracts other species to feed on the corpse such as corvids, daytime and nocturnal raptors, foxes, wild boars, etc ..., animals of greater size than if they would cause situations of danger and that can be treated in many cases of species at risk of extinction or protected.

Thus, in order to avoid the postage of small-sized species, the enclosure contemplates the possibility of adding a hinge fence or simple twist attached to the fence of the security enclosure by means of bundles and steel clips. Preferably said additional fence will be installed below the level of the land on a running ditch, which will be filled with gravel. The depth will be determined by the type of terrain, but should not be less than 25 cm. The fact of being filled with gravel and not with concrete or earth is to extend the life of said fence and prevent corrosion, its easy repair and the difficulty of making holes when digging the animals that wanted to cross it.

This same type of assembly would be applicable to the reinforcement of an existing enclosure, giving it more robustness and converting a conventional enclosure only delimiting into a safety one.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

In any case, the advantages are numerous when installing a security enclosure like the one described:

- Avoid the intrusion of animals in the communication vlas.

- Attachment of vehicles that impact on it.

- Durability of the work in many more years than a conventional enclosure.

- Special control in areas where there is more collision accident record (animal queries).

- Save human lives and avoid injuries.

- Save animal lives, especially those of some in danger of extinction and that vlas are their main enemy such as the Iberian lynx.

- Avoid the drowning of animals and people in vlas such as canals or ditches.

- Considerable savings of insurers for claims of this type.

And a long etc. where you can get better results with a quality enclosure, automatically becoming safe for everyone.

The described security enclosure for animals and people in communication and other spaces represents, therefore, an innovation of structural and constitutive characteristics unknown until now, reasons that together with its practical utility, provide it with sufficient foundation to obtain the privilege of exclusivity that is requested.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

To complement the description that is being made and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, of a set of drawings, in which with character Illustrative and not limiting, the following has been represented:

Figure number 1.- Shows a schematic perspective view of the security enclosure object of the invention, in which the main parts and elements that it comprises, especially in the evacuation zone or zones that it has, which has been observed, are appreciated. represented in the instant prior to the entry of animals in it, before its automatic activation.

Figure 2 shows a view of the enclosure of the invention similar to that shown in Figure 1, represented in this case in the activation phase of the evacuation device caused by the presence of animals in the area.

And figure number 3.- Shows a schematic view in front elevation of an example of structural configuration of the main and secondary fences that contemplates the enclosure of the invention, especially appreciating the flared shape of the foundation of the starter post.

Figure number 4.- Shows a schematic view in side elevation of another example of the fencing fences, showing the arrangement of the posts on the ground in V and the mesh with the last overlapping frame.

Figure number 5. - It shows a schematic view in side elevation of the fence of the enclosure in a section with rabbit mesh over gravel ditch to prevent the passage of animals that dig below.

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

40

Four. Five

And figure number 6.- Shows a schematic elevation view of an example of a trapdoor for the drainage and retention of the animals contemplated by the main fence in water evacuation zones.

PREFERRED EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

In view of the aforementioned figures, and in accordance with the numbering adopted, a non-limiting example of a security enclosure for animals and people in communication and other recommended spaces can be observed, which includes the parts and elements that are indicate and describe in detail below.

Thus, as observed in said figures, the enclosure (1) is essentially composed of a main fence (2) that runs parallel to the track or surrounds the space to be controlled, and, at least, a section of secondary fence (3), which is located parallel to the main fence (2) on the inside of it, covering an evacuation zone (4).

The section of secondary fence (3) has two segments (3a), at their respective ends, which are arranged at an angle, oriented towards the inside of the road (5) or enclosed space, reaching as close as possible to the edge of the road (5), to the asphalt or quitamiedos in the case of being a communication route, they form a funnel to drive the possible animals or people that have entered towards the evacuation zone (4).

On the other hand, the main fence (2) has two motorized doors (6) located in coincidence with the proximities of each end of the straight portion of the section of secondary fence (3), the length of them being preferably something greater than the separation distance between the main fence (2) and the straight section of the secondary fence (3), so that its opening, oriented towards said section, blocks the passage between both fences, as shown in Figure 2 .

In addition, the enclosure incorporates, in the mentioned evacuation zone (4), a device (7) for automatically activating the motorized doors (6), which comprises: an energy supply unit (8) which is autonomous by means of a plate solar, solar battery, charge regulator, and other elements, such as the one shown in figures 1 and 2, or that is connected to the electricity network through boxes or other connection points existing in the road; an electronic control base (9); two mechanisms (10) electric door closers installed in each of the doors (6) and connected by wiring (11) to the electronic control base (9); and, at least, two motion sensors (12) at the ends of the evacuation zone (4), which with the presence of animals or people activate the operation of the device (7) which, in turn, determines the opening of the doors (6) allowing their exit outside the main fence (2).

Optionally, the device (7) has one or more surveillance cameras (13), preferably connected to the electronic base to activate and record when the device comes into operation.

In short, the enclosure (1) of the invention, applicable in particular to vlas (5) such as roads, highways, railroad vines, etc. or other sensitive spaces, with the purpose of preventing the intrusion into them of animals, domestic or wild and of pedestrians that may cause damages or accidents, being of which it comprises at least one main fence (2), conformed by posts ( 14, 14 '15) with wire mesh (16), and evacuation system that facilitates the exit of animals or people in case of their eventual intrusion into the enclosure (1) by some entrance or open section thereof, it is essentially distinguished because said evacuation system is an active system comprising the described automatic device (7) which, installed in one or more evacuation zones (4) provided at certain points of the enclosure (1), detects the presence of animals

8

5

10

fifteen

twenty

25

30

35

or persons in said area and actuates the elements that determine the escape ropes that force their exit out of the main fence (2), said elements being essentially the doors (6) of the main fence (2).

For its part, as seen in Figure 3, both the main fence (2) and the section or sections of secondary fence (3) comprising the enclosure (1), and which preferably have the same structural characteristics, are formed by starting posts (14 and corner posts (14 '), preferably made of painted and protected iron to prevent corrosion, and by intermediate posts (15) made of painted iron or made of wood with waterproofing treatment, on which, in any case, wire mesh (16) of galvanized steel fixed to the starting posts (14) is incorporated, and after its tensioning to the intermediate posts (15), by means of cable ties (17) of at least 2 mm, in a number greater than half of the wires contained in the wire mesh (16).

In addition, the foundation (18) of the starting posts (14) and the corner posts (14 ') is incorporated into holes in a V-shaped flare, as seen in Figure 4, and, preferably, combined with braces (19) reinforcement that are also grounded.

Preferably, the lower portion of the wire mesh (16), at least of the main fence (2), is disposed and overlapped on the ground, oriented towards the outside of it, to prevent animals from catching underneath of the fence, as shown in the schematic representation of Figure 4.

Optionally, and to prevent the entry of animals of small species that dig, such as rabbits, the incorporation into the main fence (2) of sections of reinforcement mesh (19) incorporated in the lower part of the same is planned, on the wire mesh (16), being placed below ground level in a gravel-filled trench (20) that prevents the postage of such species, as shown in Figure 5.

Finally, Figure 6 shows an example of a trapdoor (21) that incorporates the main fence (2) of the enclosure in water evacuation zones, which allows the animals to drain and retain, for which it is formed by a box (22 ) tube with lugs (23) and mesh that allows the passage of water, and with a crossbar (24) that prevents the passage of animals.

Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any expert in the field understands its scope and the advantages that derive from it.

Likewise, it is noted that, within its essentiality, the invention may be carried out in other forms of realization that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought as long as it does not alter, change or modify its fundamental principle.

Claims (13)

5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 35 40 Four. Five 1. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, in particular roads (5) such as roads, highways, railways, etc. or sensitive spaces, in order to prevent the intrusion into them of domestic or wild animals and pedestrians that may cause damage or accidents and that, comprising at least one main fence (2), which runs parallel to the road or surrounds the space to control, conformed to base of posts (14, 14 '15) with wire mesh (16), and evacuation system that facilitates the exit of the animals in case of eventual intrusion inside the enclosure by some entrance or open section of the same, this characterized in that said evacuation system is an active system comprising an automatic device (7) that, installed in one or more evacuation zones (4) provided at certain points of the enclosure (1), detects the presence of animals or people in said zone and activates a series of elements that determine escape routes that force their exit outside the aforementioned main fence (2). 2. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to claim 1, characterized in that, in addition to the main fence (2) it comprises, at least, a section of secondary fence (3) which, forming a funnel, is located parallel to the main fence (2) by the internal part of it, covering an evacuation zone (4), and two motorized doors (6) that, located on the main fence (2), in coincidence with the proximities of the ends of said section of secondary fence (3), and connected to the automatic actuation device (7), determine the escape routes for animals or people. 3. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE IN ROADS OF COMMUNICATION AND OTHER SPACES, according to claim 2, characterized in that the device (7) comprises: an energy supply equipment (8); an electronic control base (9); two mechanisms (10) electric door closers installed in each of the doors (6) and connected by wiring (11) to the electronic control base (9); and, at least, two motion sensors (12) at the ends of the evacuation zone (4), which with the presence of animals activate the operation of the device (7) which, in turn, determines the opening of the doors (6). 4. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE IN ROADS OF COMMUNICATION AND OTHER SPACES, according to claim 3, characterized in that the power supply equipment (8) of the device (7) is autonomous by solar panel, solar battery, regulator of load, and other elements. 5. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE IN ROADS OF COMMUNICATION AND OTHER SPACES, according to claim 3, characterized in that the power supply equipment (8) of the device (7) is connected to the electrical network through boxes or other connection points existing in the road. 6. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to any of claims 3 to 5, characterized in that the device (7) also has one or more surveillance cameras (13). 7. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to any of claims 2 to 6, characterized in that the secondary fence section (3) has two segments (3a), at their respective ends, arranged at an angle, oriented towards the inside of the track (5) or 5 10 fifteen twenty 25 30 enclosed space, which forms the funnel to drive animals or people who have entered the evacuation zone (4). 8. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to any of claims 2 to 7, characterized in that the doors (6) are somewhat longer than the distance between the main fence (2) ) and the straight section of secondary fence (3), so that its opening, oriented towards said section, blocks the passage between both fences. 9. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to any of claims 2 to 8, characterized in that both the main fence (2) and the section or sections of secondary fence (3) are formed by starter posts (14) and corner posts (14 ') made of painted iron to prevent corrosion, and intermediate posts (15) made of painted iron or made of wood with waterproofing treatment, on which wire mesh is incorporated (16) of galvanized steel fixed to the starting posts (14), and after being tensioned to the intermediate posts (15), by means of cable ties (17) of at least 2 mm. 10. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to claim 9, characterized in that the wire ties (17) are incorporated in a number greater than half of the wires contained in the wire mesh (16 ). 11. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to claim 9 or 10, characterized in that the foundation (18) of the starter posts (14) and the corner posts (14 ') It is incorporated in holes in a V-shaped flare. 12. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to any of claims 1 to 11, characterized in that the main fence (2) incorporates sections of reinforcement mesh (19) incorporated in the lower part of it, placed below ground level in a trench run filled with gravel (20). 13. - SECURITY CLOSURE FOR ANIMALS AND PEOPLE ON COMMUNICATION ROADS AND OTHER SPACES, according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the main fence (2) incorporates hatches (21) in water evacuation areas, which allow drainage and retain the animals.