ES2541077A1 - Procedure for post-harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by tecia solanivora (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Procedure for post-harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by tecia solanivora (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2541077A1 ES2541077A1 ES201430031A ES201430031A ES2541077A1 ES 2541077 A1 ES2541077 A1 ES 2541077A1 ES 201430031 A ES201430031 A ES 201430031A ES 201430031 A ES201430031 A ES 201430031A ES 2541077 A1 ES2541077 A1 ES 2541077A1
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- 244000061456 Solanum tuberosum Species 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 235000002595 Solanum tuberosum Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 235000012015 potatoes Nutrition 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- 238000003306 harvesting Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 18
- 241000913276 Tecia solanivora Species 0.000 title description 13
- CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ozone Chemical compound [O-][O+]=O CBENFWSGALASAD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 241000913329 Tecia Species 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 8
- 241000607479 Yersinia pestis Species 0.000 description 7
- 241000238631 Hexapoda Species 0.000 description 5
- 235000013601 eggs Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Butyl carbitol 6-propylpiperonyl ether Chemical compound C1=C(CCC)C(COCCOCCOCCCC)=CC2=C1OCO2 FIPWRIJSWJWJAI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 241000382353 Pupa Species 0.000 description 3
- VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N [(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-2,2-dimethyl-3-(2-methylprop-1-enyl)cyclopropane-1-carboxylate;[(1s)-2-methyl-4-oxo-3-[(2z)-penta-2,4-dienyl]cyclopent-2-en-1-yl] (1r,3r)-3-[(e)-3-methoxy-2-methyl-3-oxoprop-1-enyl Chemical class CC1(C)[C@H](C=C(C)C)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1.CC1(C)[C@H](/C=C(\C)C(=O)OC)[C@H]1C(=O)O[C@@H]1C(C)=C(C\C=C/C=C)C(=O)C1 VXSIXFKKSNGRRO-MXOVTSAMSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003016 pheromone Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229960005235 piperonyl butoxide Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 3
- HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrethrin Natural products CCC(=O)OC1CC(=C)C2CC3OC3(C)C2C2OC(=O)C(=C)C12 HYJYGLGUBUDSLJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229940070846 pyrethrins Drugs 0.000 description 3
- 239000002728 pyrethroid Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 241000282412 Homo Species 0.000 description 2
- 241001465754 Metazoa Species 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000575 pesticide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940048383 pyrethrum extract Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 241000039077 Copula Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000255777 Lepidoptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001674048 Phthiraptera Species 0.000 description 1
- 241001439019 Phthorimaea operculella Species 0.000 description 1
- 241000287219 Serinus canaria Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000005273 aeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004320 controlled atmosphere Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012864 cross contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001627 detrimental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011156 evaluation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000013305 food Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000002920 hazardous waste Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002917 insecticide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007794 irritation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 231100000219 mutagenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003505 mutagenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 231100000590 oncogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000002246 oncogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 244000045947 parasite Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000011160 research Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000029058 respiratory gaseous exchange Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012552 review Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009738 saturating Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000001568 sexual effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002453 shampoo Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 231100000378 teratogenic Toxicity 0.000 description 1
- 230000003390 teratogenic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035899 viability Effects 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23B—PRESERVING, e.g. BY CANNING, MEAT, FISH, EGGS, FRUIT, VEGETABLES, EDIBLE SEEDS; CHEMICAL RIPENING OF FRUIT OR VEGETABLES; THE PRESERVED, RIPENED, OR CANNED PRODUCTS
- A23B7/00—Preservation or chemical ripening of fruit or vegetables
- A23B7/14—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10
- A23B7/144—Preserving or ripening with chemicals not covered by groups A23B7/08 or A23B7/10 in the form of gases, e.g. fumigation; Compositions or apparatus therefor
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A01—AGRICULTURE; FORESTRY; ANIMAL HUSBANDRY; HUNTING; TRAPPING; FISHING
- A01N—PRESERVATION OF BODIES OF HUMANS OR ANIMALS OR PLANTS OR PARTS THEREOF; BIOCIDES, e.g. AS DISINFECTANTS, AS PESTICIDES OR AS HERBICIDES; PEST REPELLANTS OR ATTRACTANTS; PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS
- A01N59/00—Biocides, pest repellants or attractants, or plant growth regulators containing elements or inorganic compounds
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Zoology (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Dentistry (AREA)
- Environmental Sciences (AREA)
- Plant Pathology (AREA)
- Pest Control & Pesticides (AREA)
- General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Inorganic Chemistry (AREA)
- Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Food Science & Technology (AREA)
- Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
- Agricultural Chemicals And Associated Chemicals (AREA)
- Preparation Of Fruits And Vegetables (AREA)
Abstract
Description
DESCRIPCIÓN DESCRIPTION
Procedimiento para el tratamiento en post cosecha de patatas que puedan estar o ser infectadas por la Tecia Solanivora. Procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia Solanivora.
5 5
OBJETO DE LA INVENCIÓN OBJECT OF THE INVENTION
La invención, tal como expresa el enunciado de la presente memoria descriptiva, se refiere a un procedimiento para el tratamiento en post cosecha de patatas que puedan estar o ser infectadas por la Tecia Solanivora, el cual aporta una serie de innovadoras características, 10 que se describirán en detalle más adelante, que suponen una mejora frente a los procedimientos actualmente utilizados para el mismo fin y una novedad dentro de su campo de aplicación. The invention, as stated in the present specification, refers to a procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia Solanivora, which provides a series of innovative features, 10 they will describe in detail later, that they represent an improvement over the procedures currently used for the same purpose and a novelty within their field of application.
Más en particular, el objeto de la invención se centra en un procedimiento cuarentenario 15 para el tratamiento en post cosecha de patatas que puedan estar o que puedan ser infectadas por la Tecia Solanivora, comúnmente llamada polilla guatemalteca, consiguiendo su eliminación definitiva en sus cuatro estadios: adulto polilla, huevo, larva y crisálida, para permitir la libre circulación de estos tubérculos por los diferentes mercados, estando dicho procedimiento basado, esencialmente, en la aplicación en cámara de ozono de alta 20 concentración y gramajes regulados a temperatura controlada, aplicándose directamente sobre el tubérculo, infectado o no, el ozono obtenido a partir de oxigeno enriquecido. More particularly, the object of the invention focuses on a quarantine procedure 15 for the post-harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or that may be infected by Tecia Solanivora, commonly called Guatemalan moth, achieving its definitive elimination in its four stages : adult moth, egg, larva and chrysalis, to allow the free circulation of these tubers through the different markets, said procedure being essentially based on the application in a high concentration ozone chamber and grammages regulated at a controlled temperature, directly applied on the tuber, infected or not, the ozone obtained from enriched oxygen.
CAMPO DE APLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN FIELD OF APPLICATION OF THE INVENTION
25 25
El campo de aplicación de la presente invención se enmarca dentro del sector de la agricultura, más específicamente en el ámbito de los procedimientos destinados al tratamiento de parásitos y plagas, centrándose particularmente en los procedimientos para el saneamiento de tubérculos, concretamente las patatas afectadas por polilla guatemalteca (Tecia solanivora). 30 The scope of the present invention is part of the agriculture sector, more specifically in the field of procedures for the treatment of parasites and pests, focusing particularly on the procedures for the sanitation of tubers, specifically potatoes affected by moth Guatemalan (Tecia solanivora). 30
ANTECEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Como es sabido, la polilla guatemalteca es un insecto lepidóptero conocido actualmente como Tecia Solanivora, anteriormente su nombre científico era S’ crobipalpopsis Solanivora. 35 Conocida también popularmente como polilla centroamericana, polilla gigante, guata o tomineja, esta plaga fue descrita por primera vez en el año 1.973, por Dadivor Povolny, a través de especímenes recogidos en Centro América. As is known, the Guatemalan moth is a lepidoptera insect currently known as Tecia Solanivora, previously its scientific name was S ’crobipalpopsis Solanivora. 35 Also popularly known as Central American moth, giant moth, wadding or tomineja, this pest was first described in the year 1973, by Dadivor Povolny, through specimens collected in Central America.
En la actualidad se la reconoce como la plaga entomológica más dañina para la patata. 40 It is currently recognized as the most harmful entomological pest for potatoes. 40
Su ataque genera grandes pérdidas, no solamente por la apariencia del tubérculo, al reducir su valor comercial, sino a que los tubérculos, severamente dañados, no se pueden utilizar como semilla, ni para consuno de animales o humanos. Their attack generates great losses, not only because of the appearance of the tuber, by reducing its commercial value, but because the tubers, severely damaged, cannot be used as a seed, nor for animals or humans.
La polilla guatemalteca tiene un ciclo de vida completo lo que significa que pasa por todos 45 los estadios de adulto, huevo, larva y pupa. Cuando las larvas emergen de los huevos, inician su fase de migración hacia los tubérculos enterrados, si la puesta tuvo lugar en el tubérculo directamente, penetran en el mismo, ya sea durante su situación en tierra como durante el período de almacenamiento. Al entrar en el tubérculo dejan un orificio muy pequeño, casi imperceptible. 50 The Guatemalan moth has a complete life cycle which means that it goes through all 45 stages of adult, egg, larva and pupa. When the larvae emerge from the eggs, they begin their migration phase towards the buried tubers, if the laying took place in the tuber directly, they penetrate it, either during their situation on land or during the storage period. Upon entering the tuber they leave a very small, almost imperceptible hole. fifty
La larva de Tecia Solanivora, consume la pulpa y forma galerías o túneles cuya profundidad incrementa a medida que crece y aumenta su densidad., a diferencia de otras especies de polilla de la patata, que barrenan tallos u hojas, la Tecia solo se alimenta de los tubérculos. The larva of Tecia Solanivora, consumes the pulp and forms galleries or tunnels whose depth increases as it grows and increases its density., Unlike other species of potato moth, which bore stems or leaves, the Tecia only feeds on the tubers.
Las condiciones de almacenamiento (en la post cosecha) son ideales para el desarrollo de la polilla, porque los tubérculos no tienen protección y porque la oscuridad que reina en la mayoría de los almacenes, son condiciones ideales para el desarrollo de los adultos. The storage conditions (in the post harvest) are ideal for the development of the moth, because the tubers have no protection and because the darkness that reigns in most stores, are ideal conditions for the development of adults.
Por ello, actualmente la polilla guatemalteca es uno de los principales problemas a los que 5 se enfrenta el sector de la patata debido a que esta plaga puede llegar a producir pérdidas superiores al 50% de la cosecha. Además, esta plaga impide la exportación de este producto por su condición de plaga cuarentenaria y es por ello por lo que se plantea establecer un método de saneamiento que pueda ser válido para permitir la exportación de la producción. 10 Therefore, currently the Guatemalan moth is one of the main problems facing the potato sector because this pest can produce losses greater than 50% of the crop. In addition, this pest prevents the export of this product due to its quarantine pest condition and that is why it is proposed to establish a sanitation method that may be valid to allow the export of production. 10
Esto implica la adopción de medidas que garanticen que los tubérculos estén exentos de insectos vivos. This implies the adoption of measures that guarantee that the tubers are free of live insects.
Para que un tratamiento sea considerado de cuarentena ha de provocar una mortalidad del In order for a quarantine treatment to be considered, it must cause mortality of the
insecto del 99,9968% (Probit 9), no tener efectos perjudiciales en la calidad, 15 almacenamiento o composición del producto tratado, no debe dejar residuo alguno que pueda resultar peligroso para el consumidor, no debe ser peligroso para el personal que lo aplique y ha de ser viable en términos de aplicabilidad y coste. Además ha de ser efectivo en todos los estadios de desarrollo del insecto. 99.9968% insect (Probit 9), not having detrimental effects on the quality, storage or composition of the treated product, should not leave any residue that could be dangerous for the consumer, should not be dangerous for the personnel who apply it and it must be viable in terms of applicability and cost. It must also be effective in all stages of insect development.
20 twenty
Los principales sistemas o procedimiento utilizados hasta ahora para sanear las patatas son: The main systems or procedures used so far to clean potatoes are:
- Uso de trampas de feromonas: la feromona sexual de la Tecia Solanivora es una sustancia química secretada por la hembra de la especie que tiene como misión atraer al macho para la copula. Se ha logrado sintetizar químicamente y producirla en cantidades suficientes para 25 su comercialización. Se encuentran bajo la forma de pequeños cartuchos que se introducen en un recipiente plástico grande al que se le abren unas grandes ventanas para facilitar la entrada de los machos. En el tratamiento post cosecha se utilizan para conocer si la patata almacenada está o no contaminada. Lleva una solución de agua con jabón en el fondo del recipiente. Cada semana se deben revisar las trampas y cambiar la solución jabonosa a la 30 vez que comprobar si hay machos en la trampa. (FEDEPAPA 1.988, biología, comportamiento y prácticas de manejo integrado. François Herrera.). - Use of pheromone traps: the sexual pheromone of Tecia Solanivora is a chemical substance secreted by the female of the species whose mission is to attract the male to the copula. It has been chemically synthesized and produced in sufficient quantities for commercialization. They are in the form of small cartridges that are introduced in a large plastic container to which large windows are opened to facilitate the entry of males. In the post harvest treatment they are used to know if the stored potato is contaminated or not. Bring a solution of water with soap to the bottom of the container. The traps should be checked every week and the soapy solution changed at the same time that there are males in the trap. (FEDEPAPA 1.988, biology, behavior and integrated management practices. François Herrera.).
Sin embargo, las trampas de feromonas no garantizan la eliminación en post cosecha de la plaga en un 100%. 35 However, pheromone traps do not guarantee 100% post harvest harvest of the pest. 35
- Productos fitosanitarios: existen varios productos fitosanitarios recomendados para el tratamiento de semillas y patata de consumo como solo para patata para consumo. Los recomendados tienen como principio activo: - Phytosanitary products: there are several phytosanitary products recommended for the treatment of seeds and potatoes for consumption as only for potatoes for consumption. The recommended ones have as active principle:
40 40
- Butoxido de piperonilo al 2%+piretrinas al 0,2% (extracto de pelitre) – conocidos comercialmente como SALVAGRANOS ESPECIAL P, GRANET y NOVENP. Se recomienda su uso para papas de consumo y semillas indistintamente. - 2% piperonyl butoxide + 0.2% pyrethrins (pyrethrum extract) - commercially known as SALVAGRANOS ESPECIAL P, GRANET and NOVENP. Its use is recommended for consumption potatoes and seeds interchangeably.
- Pelitre al 0,8%- comercializado con el nombre de PELITRE PONTERRINA. - 0.8% pelitre - marketed under the name of PELITRE PONTERRINA.
- Butoxido de piperonilo al 0,5%+clorprofam al 1%+piretrinas al 0,125% (extracto de 45 pelitre)- conocidos comercialmente como GERMIDOM EXTRA Y GRANET EXTRA. Recomendado exclusivamente para las patatas de consumo. - 0.5% piperonyl butoxide + 1% chlorprofam + 0.125% pyrethrins (45 pyrethrum extract) - commercially known as GERMIDOM EXTRA AND GRANET EXTRA. Recommended exclusively for consumption potatoes.
La eficacia de estos productos es del 100% (ensayo de productos fitosanitarios de post cosecha para el control de la polilla guatemalteca. Fátima Cubas Hernández y dos más. 50 Noviembre de 2007). El Butoxido de piperonilo por sí solo no es plaguicida, es unido a la piretrinas cuando actúa como tal. La mezcla es usada como champú para la eliminación de piojos. No está demostrado que su ingesta no pueda ser oncogénica, mutagénica o teratogénica para los humanos (Wikipedia). Por otro lado para conseguir el saneamiento del The effectiveness of these products is 100% (postharvest phytosanitary products test for the control of the Guatemalan moth. Fátima Cubas Hernández and two more. 50 November 2007). Piperonyl Butoxide alone is not a pesticide, it is attached to pyrethrins when it acts as such. The mixture is used as a lice shampoo. It is not proven that their intake cannot be oncogenic, mutagenic or teratogenic for humans (Wikipedia). On the other hand to get the sanitation of
tubérculo el plaguicida debería eliminar a las larvas que se encuentran dentro del mismo y permanecer en él. The pesticide tuber should eliminate the larvae that are inside it and remain in it.
Sin embargo, los productos fitosanitarios no garantizan la calidad alimentaria del producto, al no ser eliminados todos los restos de los mismos tras el tratamiento y, por otro lado, tienen 5 un precio considerable. El saneamiento químico de los tubérculos no parece viable, dado que las larvas viven en el interior del mismo y, por lo tanto los insecticidas deberían penetrar y permanecer en él. (Evaluación de la aplicación de la atmósfera controlada para el saneamiento de tubérculos de papas afectadas por la polilla guatemalteca de la papa (Tecia Solanivora). Febrero 2011. Cabildo Insular de Tenerife, Instituto Canario de Investigaciones 10 Agrarias) However, phytosanitary products do not guarantee the food quality of the product, since not all the remains of them are removed after treatment and, on the other hand, they have a considerable price. The chemical sanitation of the tubers does not seem viable, since the larvae live inside the tuber and, therefore, the insecticides should penetrate and remain in it. (Evaluation of the application of the controlled atmosphere for the sanitation of potato tubers affected by the Guatemalan potato moth (Tecia Solanivora). February 2011. Island Council of Tenerife, Canary Islands Research Institute 10 Agrarian)
El objetivo de la presente invención es, por tanto, desarrollar un innovador procedimiento que evite los citados inconvenientes y proporcione una efectividad del 100% en el tratamiento sin ningún tipo de contraindicación, debiendo señalarse que, al menos por parte 15 del solicitante, se desconoce la existencia de ningún otro procedimiento para el tratamiento en post cosecha de patatas que puedan estar o ser infectadas por la Tecia Solanivora como el que aquí se preconiza ni que presente unas características semejantes, según se reivindica. The aim of the present invention is, therefore, to develop an innovative procedure that avoids the aforementioned inconveniences and provides 100% effectiveness in the treatment without any contraindication, it should be noted that, at least on the part of the applicant, it is unknown the existence of any other procedure for the post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by the Tecia Solanivora such as the one recommended here or that has similar characteristics, as claimed.
20 twenty
EXPLICACIÓN DE LA INVENCIÓN EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION
En concreto, lo que la invención preconiza es un procedimiento para el tratamiento en post cosecha de patatas que puedan estar o ser infectadas por la Tecia Solanivora, el cual consiste, esencialmente en la aplicación en cámara de ozono de alta concentración y 25 gramaje regulado, obtenido a partir de oxigeno enriquecido con alta pureza (96%) Specifically, what the invention advocates is a procedure for the post-harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia Solanivora, which consists essentially of the application in a high concentration ozone chamber and regulated grammage, obtained from oxygen enriched with high purity (96%)
Para la aplicación de dicho ozono, se utiliza un aparato, de los ya existentes en el mercado, concentrador de oxigeno capaz de separar los gases no deseables del aire, como nitrógeno y otros, para producir oxigeno enriquecido con una pureza de al menos el 95%. Los 30 gramajes se calculan en función del cubicaje del recinto, o cámara/almacén, en que se encuentra el tubérculo a tratar, es decir, la patata (infectada o no) de la llamada polilla guatemalteca o TECIA SOLANIVORA. For the application of said ozone, an apparatus, of those already existing in the market, is used as an oxygen concentrator capable of separating undesirable gases from the air, such as nitrogen and others, to produce enriched oxygen with a purity of at least 95 %. The 30 grammages are calculated based on the cubic capacity of the enclosure, or chamber / warehouse, in which the tuber to be treated is found, that is, the potato (infected or not) of the so-called Guatemalan moth or TECIA SOLANIVORA.
En dicho recinto, además, se controla la temperatura y se hacen circular los gases 35 constantemente para así mantener la riqueza de la concentración en el nivel preciso para la eliminación del insecto en cualquiera de sus estados vitales, a saber, larva (este dentro del tubérculo o no), pupa o crisálida, adulto o huevo, todo ello sin variar las características organolépticas del producto, ni su aspecto exterior. In this enclosure, in addition, the temperature is controlled and the gases are constantly circulated in order to maintain the richness of the concentration at the precise level for the elimination of the insect in any of its vital states, namely larva (this within the tuber or not), pupa or pupa, adult or egg, all without changing the organoleptic characteristics of the product, or its exterior appearance.
40 40
La aplicación de dichos gases se realiza durante un período mínimo de 48 horas, alcanzándose en el recinto una pureza de oxígeno superior al 95%. The application of these gases is carried out for a minimum period of 48 hours, reaching a purity of oxygen greater than 95%.
El procedimiento tiene la ventaja de que no deja residuo y permite el uso de los tubérculos tratados para alimento humano y de animales o para semillas, eliminando así los problemas 45 de contaminación cruzada. Además permite, sin riesgo, la comercialización de cualquier variedad de patata a los diferentes mercados mundiales. The procedure has the advantage that it leaves no residue and allows the use of treated tubers for human and animal feed or for seeds, thus eliminating cross-contamination problems. It also allows, without risk, the commercialization of any variety of potatoes to different world markets.
A diferencia del estado de la técnica actual, el procedimiento propuesto permite su aplicación en post cosecha con un costo mucho menor que otros, al no tener que incorporar 50 ningún producto secundario o adicional. Unlike the current state of the art, the proposed procedure allows its application in post harvest with a much lower cost than others, since no secondary or additional products have to be incorporated.
Provoca la mortalidad del insecto en todas sus fases vitales en un 100% de los casos. It causes insect mortality in all its vital phases in 100% of cases.
No afecta a la calidad del producto a su almacenamiento o su composición. It does not affect the quality of the product to its storage or its composition.
No deja residuos peligrosos para el medio ambiente al tratarse de gases inocuos. It does not leave hazardous waste for the environment as it is harmless gases.
No es peligroso para el personal que lo aplica. El gas se aplica en sistema de circuito cerrado, de modo que no requiere de presencia humana en el lugar de almacenamiento. El 5 ozono, inhalado en altas dosis puede provocar irritación en ojos y garganta que se pasa tras respirar aire en unos minutos. No obstante, el proceso ya prevé una fase que exige airear las cámaras de almacenamiento unos minutos tras su aplicación, en la que el ozono desaparece debido a su inestabilidad. It is not dangerous for the staff that applies it. The gas is applied in a closed circuit system, so it does not require a human presence at the storage location. The 5 ozone, inhaled in high doses can cause irritation in eyes and throat that is passed after breathing air in a few minutes. However, the process already foresees a phase that requires aeration of the storage chambers a few minutes after its application, in which the ozone disappears due to its instability.
10 10
En concreto, el procedimiento propuesto contempla las siguientes etapas: Specifically, the proposed procedure includes the following stages:
- Almacenamiento en cajones del producto (las patatas) dentro de una cámara con temperatura controlada a 7 grados centígrados. - Storage in product drawers (potatoes) in a temperature controlled chamber at 7 degrees Celsius.
- Sellado adecuado de la cámara de almacenamiento para evitar fugas no controladas. 15 - Proper sealing of the storage chamber to avoid uncontrolled leaks. fifteen
- Instalación del generador de ozono cerca de la cámara de almacenamiento (en un lugar con acceso a corriente eléctrica) y teniendo presente que el generador venga provisto de ruedas para su transporte. - Installation of the ozone generator near the storage chamber (in a place with access to electric current) and keeping in mind that the generator is provided with wheels for transport.
- Instalación de una salida de gases única y controlada. - Installation of a single and controlled gas outlet.
- Instalación de una entrada de gases controlada. 20 - Installation of a controlled gas inlet. twenty
- Puesta en marcha del generador de ozono y aplicación de gas durante unas 48 horas. - Start-up of the ozone generator and gas application for about 48 hours.
La inversión a realizar en maquinaria se amortiza rápidamente y no hay que hacer inversiones adicionales, el único gasto es el de mantenimiento de la maquinaria que precisa una revisión mensual. Por tanto su viabilidad, desde el aspecto económico, es evidente. 25 The investment to be made in machinery is quickly amortized and there is no need to make additional investments, the only expense is the maintenance of the machinery that requires a monthly review. Therefore its viability, from the economic aspect, is evident. 25
Dadas sus características de eficacia el tratamiento puede ser considerado de cuarentena a diferencia del resto de procedimientos utilizados hasta ahora. Given its effectiveness characteristics the treatment can be considered quarantine unlike the rest of the procedures used so far.
En definitiva, a partir de la simple utilización de un aparato concentrador de oxigeno de alta 30 pureza (96%), de los que se encuentran a la venta en el mercado se consigue una alta concentración de ozono y una pureza de oxigeno del 96%. que se aplican en la cámara a temperatura controlada preferentemente de 7º centígrados, durante al menos 48 horas de forma continua. In short, from the simple use of a high purity oxygen concentrator device (96%), a high concentration of ozone and an oxygen purity of 96% are achieved on the market. . which are applied in the chamber at a preferably controlled temperature of 7 ° Celsius, for at least 48 hours continuously.
35 35
Conviene destacar que el proceso contempla no saturar la atmósfera, sino que se mantiene con una misma concentración de ozono durante toda la aplicación, dejando para ello una salida de evacuación para mantener una corriente continua. It should be noted that the process contemplates not saturating the atmosphere, but that it is maintained with the same concentration of ozone during the entire application, leaving an evacuation outlet to maintain a continuous current.
Las partes por millón de concentración necesarias van en función del volumen de la cámara 40 donde se aplique el proceso. The parts per million concentration required are based on the volume of the chamber 40 where the process is applied.
Descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la presente invención, así como la manera de ponerla en práctica, no se considera necesario hacer más extensa su explicación para que cualquier experto en la materia comprenda su alcance y las ventajas que de ella se derivan, 45 haciéndose constar que, dentro de su esencialidad, podrá ser llevada a la práctica en otras formas de realización que difieran en detalle de la indicada a título de ejemplo, y a las cuales alcanzará igualmente la protección que se recaba siempre que no se altere, cambie o modifique su principio fundamental. Describing sufficiently the nature of the present invention, as well as the way of putting it into practice, it is not considered necessary to make its explanation more extensive so that any person skilled in the art understands its scope and the advantages derived therefrom, 45 stating that , within its essentiality, may be implemented in other embodiments that differ in detail from that indicated by way of example, and to which it will also achieve the protection that is sought provided that it is not altered, changed or modified its principle fundamental.
50 fifty
Claims (6)
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| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201430031A ES2541077B1 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia solanivora |
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| ES201430031A ES2541077B1 (en) | 2014-01-15 | 2014-01-15 | Procedure for post harvest treatment of potatoes that may be or be infected by Tecia solanivora |
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| ES2541077B1 ES2541077B1 (en) | 2016-05-13 |
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Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2892027A1 (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-01 | Gmr Canarias Sau | METHOD, SYSTEM AND COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERS AFFECTED BY THE GUATEMALAN MOTH PLAGUE (Tecia solanivora) (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD253567A1 (en) * | 1983-04-04 | 1988-01-27 | Inst F Kartoffelforschung | MEANS OF COMBATING MUSHROOMS IN POTATOES |
| JPH03103140A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-04-30 | Hideteru Sawa | Preservation of summer-dormant vegetable |
| US6066348A (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2000-05-23 | American Air Liquide Inc. | Method of disinfecting a foodstuff using gaseous ozone |
| US20030059507A1 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-03-27 | Lynn Johnson | Pathogen control on agricultural commodities |
| ES2264366A1 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-12-16 | Agroinnova, S.L. | Method of preparation and packaging of a fresh food product with respiratory capacity for its conservation and later steam cooking |
-
2014
- 2014-01-15 ES ES201430031A patent/ES2541077B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DD253567A1 (en) * | 1983-04-04 | 1988-01-27 | Inst F Kartoffelforschung | MEANS OF COMBATING MUSHROOMS IN POTATOES |
| JPH03103140A (en) * | 1989-09-13 | 1991-04-30 | Hideteru Sawa | Preservation of summer-dormant vegetable |
| US6066348A (en) * | 1998-09-23 | 2000-05-23 | American Air Liquide Inc. | Method of disinfecting a foodstuff using gaseous ozone |
| US20030059507A1 (en) * | 2001-09-21 | 2003-03-27 | Lynn Johnson | Pathogen control on agricultural commodities |
| ES2264366A1 (en) * | 2005-01-24 | 2006-12-16 | Agroinnova, S.L. | Method of preparation and packaging of a fresh food product with respiratory capacity for its conservation and later steam cooking |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2892027A1 (en) * | 2020-07-27 | 2022-02-01 | Gmr Canarias Sau | METHOD, SYSTEM AND COMPOSITION FOR THE TREATMENT OF TUBERS AFFECTED BY THE GUATEMALAN MOTH PLAGUE (Tecia solanivora) (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) |
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| ES2541077B1 (en) | 2016-05-13 |
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