ES2437184A2 - Procedure for electrical production management and device for its application (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a method of managing electrical energy and the device for carrying out said procedure, wherein, in essence, it is achieved that the electrical production carried out in an internal network does not access the external network, for which the procedure determines whether the level of internal production is adequate by adjusting such level by increasing or decreasing consumption or increasing or decreasing production for which it comprises at least one meter, a preferably controllable energy source, variable consumption elements and a energy manager. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

PROCEDURE OF MANAGEMENT OF ELECTRICAL PRODUCTION AND DEVICE FOR APPLICATION

The invention, as the name implies, refers to a procedure for the management of the electrical energy produced in an internal network as well as the device to be able to apply said procedure.

We will understand by internal network a network of a particular nature, normally reduced, such as a home network.

10 On the contrary, when we talk about an external network, we will refer to the conventional electricity network, which feeds on electricity generating companies.

Through the procedure that is claimed is able to adapt the production and

15 consumption of the internal network so that in no case excess energy is derived from the internal network to the external network.

The invention is part of the technical sector of distributed power generation facilities for self-consumption. 20 STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE

Distributed generation, also known as in-situ generation, embedded generation, decentralized generation, dispersed generation or distributed energy, consists

25 basically in the generation of electrical energy, in an internal network, through many small sources of energy such as cogeneration, fuel cell, microturbines, photovoltaic solar energy, internal combustion engine, small wind energy systems.

30 In Spain - as in other countries - to be able to derive electricity from an internal network to the external network in general, prior permission from the entity responsible for the management / maintenance of the external network is necessary (which in many cases is also the owner), among others to ensure that the energy injected into the external network will not create any conflict in the electrical installations of the external network. Many times

35 a contract with a cargo manager on the remuneration of overturned energy is also required. In general, the procedures and authorization processes can be long and expensive and in many cases curb the spirit of people or entities interested in installing energy sources distributed in particular internal networks. There are also cases where connection permission is not granted for reasons of risk of network overload

5 external.

In order to generate energy for self-consumption regardless of the contract established with the electricity company and in order to avoid the long and expensive procedures mentioned in the previous paragraph, the following invention is presented. It's about a

10 device for the management of electrical energy that ensures that the production of electrical energy of an internal network remains under the consumption of that same internal network. In this way, it is avoided to derive the electricity generated to the external network.

As a consequence, the use of energy sources for the purpose of self-consumption does not require the 15 complex procedures mentioned above.

The national legal framework for these types of grid connection is mainly formed by Royal Decree 1699/2011, dated November 18, which regulates the grid connection of small power electric power production facilities

20 BOE-A-2011-19242. At European level, Directive 2004/8 / EC of February 11, 2004, and Directive 2009/28 / EC of April 23, 2009 are of importance.

The generation of electricity in internal networks has benefits for the system such as the reduction of losses in the network, the reduction of investment needs in new

25 networks and, in short, a minimization of the impact of electrical installations in their environment. These benefits are directly transferred to economic benefits and consequently there is a long list of background inventions.

At the point of interconnection and control of distributed sources there are WO 2008138016 A1, US

30 20080278000 A1, US 7991567 B1, ES 2356760 A. However, these inventions are focused on power supply methods and devices in cases of external network failure.

On the other hand, there are inventions WO 9952194 A1, US 5436510, US 4510398, EP

35 0717487 A1 related to demand management, in order to soften the peak hours of consumption and / or in order to make better use of generation peaks, especially renewable and intermittent large-scale resources.

There are also inventions related to physical interconnection such as US6227890B1 and US 7991567 B1.

5 However, none prevents the derivation of energy generated in the internal network to the external network. In this case, it is obliged to carry out and process permits / procedures / costs related to an installation for self-consumption. The following invention does prevent the derivation of energy generated to the electricity grid.

10 EXPLANATION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to a method of managing electrical energy for self-consumption as well as the device that allows said procedure to be carried out. 15 The device comprises:

A source of energy, preferably controllable, connected to the internal network. At least one energy meter 20 An energy manager.

Additionally, the device can comprise at least one variable and controllable consumer so that, at a given time when self-production is greater than self-consumption, it can increase self-consumption.

25 The energy manager receives information on the energy produced and the energy consumed in the internal network, having the capacity to adapt the energy consumed with that produced either by decreasing production either by increasing consumption either by both.

30 To this end, all the elements are interconnected with each other, whether by cable, wireless or any other method of communication and electrical management known or known;

35 Since the management system is aware of the total of the electrical energy produced and the electrical energy consumed in an installation, it has the capacity to act on the generation source in case the energy production situation is greater than the consumption in said installation. The objective will be to prevent consumption from being below generation, this being an unwanted situation. This situation is not desired because in many countries without additional procedures (for example without

5 technical access contract) would be an illegal situation.

To avoid this unwanted situation, the energy management system has the option of reducing the generation and / or the option of increasing the installation's own consumption. To manage an increase in consumption the system would need at least one component

10 additional, a variable and controllable consumer through the electrical energy management system.

With these control elements it is possible to avoid the derivation of energy to the electricity distribution network either by increasing the consumption of the installation or by reducing the

15 production of the source of electrical energy.

The procedure comprises the following phases:

FIRST PHASE: Determination of the presence or not of an external network present for the start or stop of self-production.

SECOND PHASE: With self-production enabled it is necessary to determine the relationship between self-production and desired self-consumption. The desired self-consumption will always be greater than or equal to self-production to avoid surpluses. Additionally, enter

25 self-production and self-consumption there may be a calculated safety margin, for example, in the standard deviation of self-consumption. Therefore, for self-consumption to be desired, self-consumption; self-production and preferably self-consumption; self-production + security_ threshold.

30 If the relationship between self-production and self-consumption is desired, the system stabilizes.

If the relationship between self-production and self-consumption is not the desired one, the next phase is passed.

35 THIRD PHASE: Increase in self-consumption or decrease in self-production. If it is possible to increase the self-consumption, the device will proceed to increase the self-consumption, in case it is not possible to increase the consumption, the self-production will be reduced.

FOURTH PHASE: Adequacy check between self-production and desired self-consumption 5 and, where appropriate, adjustments according to THIRD PHASE until the system stabilizes.

There may be a greater number of additional phases aimed at the adaptation between self-production and self-consumption, although the essential ones have been reflected in the above.

The invention that arises can act on single-phase and multi-phase electrical installations, most commonly being three-phase installations, as well as in alternating current and direct current installations and in immobile and mobile installations.

15 BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

FIGURE 1 represents a block diagram of the elements and their links of power flow - thick line - and data flow - intermittent line - that are part of the invention where it is appreciated:

External network (1) Electricity meter (2) reporting to the manager (4) Power source (3) controlled by the manager (4)

25 Electric power manager (4) Electric power consumers not controlled (5) by the manager (4) Electric power consumers controlled (6) by the manager (4)

FIGURE 2 represents a block diagram of the elements and their flow links of

30 power - thick line - and data flow - intermittent line - that represents an alternative of execution with respect to FIGURE 1 where a production meter has been included, and so we find:

External network (1) 35 Electric power source controlled (3) by the manager (4) Electric power manager (4)

Production meter (7) of the source reporting to the manager (4) Self-consumption meter (8) reporting to the manager (4) Electricity consumers not controlled (5) by the manager (4) Electricity consumers controlled (6) by the manager (4)

5 FIGURE 3 represents a logic block diagram showing the decisions and actions taken and initiated by the energy management element and thus we see:

First check (9), detect if the device is connected to a power network 10 in order to transmit production

If it starts or maintains production (10), if it does not disable production

(twenty)

15 Second check (11), verify if the relationship between self-production and self-consumption is desired.

If not, in excess, it will verify whether it is possible to increase self-consumption (12) and increase self-consumption (13). If it is not possible to increase self-consumption, it will limit production (14).

Third check (15), verify if the relationship between self-production and self-consumption is desired. If not by default, the production (16) is increased or the level of self-consumption (17) is decreased and checked again to decrease the self-consumption again (18) or

25 maintain production and self-consumption (19)

DESCRIPTION OF EXAMPLES OF EMBODIMENT OF THE INVENTION

The present invention is further illustrated by examples, which are not intended to be limiting in scope.

It is possible to imagine the case of a tenant of an attic floor with a large terrace. For economic reasons or environmental reasons or both, this tenant has the desire to produce and consume his own electricity, for example with a photovoltaic installation on his terrace. To meet its demand for electricity also during hours of low solar intensity, for example during the night, this tenant maintains a consumer contract with a

electricity distribution company. The current legislation set forth in Royal Decree 1699/2011 of November 18 makes it almost impossible for this tenant to connect their photovoltaic installation in parallel to their internal electricity network in a legal manner. However, it could ensure that your electricity consumption supplied by the power grid

5 distribution would be positive or zero, and taking into account that it does not violate any applicable electrical installation code, said tenant could connect its source of electrical energy using the invented system presented here.

Another case of the use of our invention would be the owner of an equipped motorhome

10 with photovoltaic panels. In situations of availability of a power grid, you may want to connect to that network to get a better supply of electricity. However, and at the same time you do not want to rule out the use of your photovoltaic panels. Using the invention set forth herein, you can use both energy sources at the same time regardless of the regulations in force in the country where you are staying. Without the application of the invention here

15 exposed, by connecting their plates directly in parallel with the distribution network, it could be seen in the situation where with their plates it supplies power to the network. Such a situation may require an electric power producer contract, a certified connection point or the like.

In both examples, and in a long list of additional use cases, the invention will solve the problem by ensuring that the consumption of electricity supplied by the distribution network is positive or zero. This is equivalent to the condition that the self-consumption of electricity is equal to or greater than the self-production of electricity.

The condition can, for example, be achieved with the set of devices set forth in Figure 1 where a block diagram of the elements and their power flow and data flow links that are part of the invention is represented.

(1) represents the external network. 30 (2) represents an electricity meter.

(3)

It represents a source of electrical energy.

(4)

It represents an electrical energy management system.

(5)

It represents a group of consumers of electric power not controlled by the management system (4).

35 (6) represents a set of electrical energy consumers controlled by the management system (4).

The distribution network (1) and the power source (3) are connected in parallel and together they supply electricity to consumers (5) and (6). The energy management system (4) receives information on the total consumption and self-production of the meter (2). At the same time, it is capable of sending orders to the energy source (3) and to the group of controlled electricity consumers (6). The orders to the source (3) include commands to increase and reduce the production of electricity. Orders to consumers

(6) include commands to increase or reduce consumption. It is possible but not strictly necessary for communication between the management system (4), source (3), and

10 consumers (5) be bidirectional. In this way, the management system (4) could obtain immediate information about the results of its orders.

Figure 2 shows an alternative to the implementation of Figure 1.

15 (1) represents the external network.

(3)

It represents the source of electrical energy.

(4)

It represents the electric power management system.

(7)

Represents a source production meter.

(8)

It represents a self-consumption meter.

20 (5) represents a set of consumers of electric power not controlled by the management system (9).

(6) represents a set of electrical energy consumers controlled by the management system (9).

25 The external network (1) and the power source (3) are connected in parallel and together they supply electricity to consumers (5) and (6). The main difference from the system of Figure 2 to the system of Figure 1 is that the self-production of energy and its self-consumption are measured individually by the meters (7) and (8) while in Figure 1 the meter (2 ) measures the set between self-consumption and self-production. He

The energy management system (4) receives information from the two meters (7) and (8) and is able to send orders to the power source (3) and to the set of controlled electrical energy consumers (6). The orders to the source (3) include commands to increase and reduce the production of electricity. Orders to controlled consumers (6) include commands to increase or reduce consumption.

35 It is possible but not strictly necessary that the communication between the management system (4), source (3), and consumers (6) be bidirectional. In this way, the management system (4) could obtain immediate information about the results of its orders.

The possible steps of the operation of the system are shown in Figure 3. The logical block diagram shows the decisions and actions taken and initiated by the energy management element and the other devices connected / controlled by the management system.

First check (9), detect if the device is connected to a power network in order to transmit production

10 If it does start or maintain production (10), if it does not disable production (20)

Second check (11), verify if the relationship between self-production and

Self-consumption is the desired one, understanding as desired that self-consumption; self-production, although it is advisable to include a safety threshold for what I consume; self-production + security_ threshold based on the security_ threshold on the standard deviation of self-consumption.

20 If not, in excess, it will verify whether it is possible to increase self-consumption (12) and increase self-consumption (13). If it is not possible to increase self-consumption, it will limit production (14).

Third check (15), verify if the relationship between self-production and self-consumption is desired. If not by default, production is increased (16)

or the level of self-consumption (17) is decreased and again checked for, decrease self-consumption again (18) or maintain production and self-consumption (19)

After each of the actions the cycle begins.

Two prototypes of the invention have been made. Prototype A is in line with the architecture shown in Figure 1. For (2) a three-phase electric meter with bidirectional measurement capability has been used. This communicates using wireless M-Bus with the energy management system (4), represented by a computer with wireless M-bus interface. System

The management (4) follows the steps outlined in Figure 3. As source (3) a solar panel with inverter is used that synchronizes with the distribution network. It also includes security mechanisms that, for example, prevent energy production in the case of not detecting the distribution network. The source (3) can be regulated by z-wave devices. Orders to variable consumers (6) are sent through some z-wave devices as well. For communication using z-wave the management system (4) is equipped with a z-wave interface.

In the second prototype (prototype B) made, and following the architecture of Figure 2, the meter (2) has been replaced by two individual meters (7) and (8), made with z-wave devices. The assembly of the rest has remained unchanged.

Claims (3)

1.- ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE of the type that apply to an internal electrical network connected in parallel to an external network characterized by comprising: 5 A first phase of detecting the existence of an external network. A second phase of determining the level of desired self-consumption in relation to self-production where the desired self-consumption will be when the self-consumption is greater 10 or equal to self-production and, preferably when self-consumption plus the safety threshold is greater than or equal to self-production. If it is necessary because the system is not at the desired level of self-consumption, it goes to phase three or four depending on whether the lack of adequacy is due to excess or default of self-consumption. 15 A phase, which we will call three, of adaptation between self-production and self-consumption in case of excess of self-production, where self-consumption is increased or self-production is decreased. A phase, which we will call four, of adaptation between self-production and self-consumption 20 in case of self-production defect, where self-consumption is decreased or self-production is increased. A new phase of verification of adequacy between self-consumption and self-production to determine if the system is within the ranges of desired self-consumption with 25 forwarding, if necessary, to phase three or four or, if the level between self-production and self-consumption is adequate Keep production. Last phase of cycle restart.  30 2.- ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE according to claim 1, characterized in that the increase in self-consumption is prioritized in phase three. 3.- DEVICE FOR APPLYING THE ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE characterized in that it comprises: A power source, preferably controllable, connected to the internal network. At least one energy meter An energy manager Being all related to each other. 5 4. DEVICE FOR APPLYING THE ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE according to the preceding claim characterized in that it comprises at least one variable and controllable consumer. 10 5. DEVICE FOR APPLYING THE ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE according to the preceding claim, characterized in that the energy manager receives information from the energy meter, said information being relative to the relationship between self-consumption and self-production. 15 6.- DIPOSITIVE FOR APPLYING THE ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE according to claim 5 characterized in that the energy manager governs the production of energy by enabling, disabling, increasing, maintaining, or decreasing it.  7.- DEVICE FOR APPLYING THE ELECTRICAL MANAGEMENT PROCEDURE 20 according to claim 5 characterized in that the energy manager governs the variable consumer by increasing, maintaining or decreasing its consumption.