ES2434176A1 - Pre-fabricated structural element - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to a pre-fabricated structural element comprising a pre-stressed concrete base and at least one vertical bar structure, such that the concrete base comprises a longitudinal active frame and/or a longitudinal and/or transverse passive frame, and the vertical bar structure is formed by a plurality of consecutively arranged posts alternating with another plurality of diagonal members, such that the diagonal members connect the upper and lower part of the consecutive posts, said posts and diagonal members comprising pins on the lower part thereof, which are connected to the concrete base, and there is at least one longitudinal bar in the form of a course on the upper part of the posts and diagonal members, which runs at least partially along the plurality of different posts and diagonal members.

Description

PREFABRICATED STRUCTURAL ELEMENT

OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

The purpose of the present invention patent application is to register a prefabricated structural element, which incorporates notable innovations and advantages over the techniques used so far.

More specifically, the invention proposes the development of a prefabricated structural element, which, due to its particular arrangement, makes it possible to greatly facilitate the work of obtaining a final beam on site, as well as improving transport conditions to the site itself.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The use of reinforced concrete as a material for construction is known in the current state of the art.

Reinforced concrete is the result of the intelligent combination of concrete and steel based on the characteristics of each material. The steel, usually in the form of bars, is arranged inside the concrete, remaining adhered to it, which allows both materials to work together. To increase the adhesion between these two materials, it was passed at the time to use smooth steel bars to corrugated steel bars.

It is therefore a composite material, where the main function of concrete is to withstand compression stresses and the main function of steel is to withstand tensile stresses, since concrete does not resist this last type of stress well, resulting in to the appearance of fissures in it. Other characteristics of concrete and steel make reinforced concrete a material with great virtues as a construction material, such as its durability.

With reinforced concrete you can build great typology of structures. However, the appearance of cracks in concrete against tensile stresses, and a limited compressive strength of concrete, are limiting factors for use in certain structures, such as elements with large lights or under heavy loads.

5 Based on the principles of reinforced concrete, another type of composite material, called prestressed concrete, is also known. Structures made with prestressed concrete elements are generally less expensive and of greater durability than structures made of rolled steel. Its objective is to solve the limitations that

10 presents reinforced concrete, through the use of high strength concrete and steels. The fundamental idea of prestressed concrete lies in prestressing or post-tensioning the wires

or high-strength steel cords (active reinforcement) arranged inside the concrete, which transmits a compression to the concrete, thus removing it from decompression and cracking situations. In addition to active steel, steel bars are also used

15 corrugated (passive reinforcement) as in reinforced concrete.

By notation criteria, structures that are constructed of high-strength concrete, passive reinforcement and active or prestressed active reinforcement are usually referred to as “prestressed concrete structures”.

20 In the prestressed reinforcements the following process is followed: testing of the reinforcement prior to setting the concrete, transfer of the prestressing force and anchoring of the reinforcement to the concrete continuously by adhesion with the hardened concrete. In post-tensioned reinforcements the following process is followed: testing of the post-setting reinforcement

25 concrete, transfer of the prestressing force, fixing of the anchoring elements of the reinforcement, and filling of sheaths with adherent or non-adherent material.

Prestressed concrete has allowed the construction of structures in which it would not have been possible to use only reinforced concrete. Currently, prestressed concrete is one of the 30 most used construction materials, both in civil and industrial work, and in building.

In recent decades the use of precast reinforced concrete elements (usually with prestressed reinforcement) has been imposed on the construction of a large typology of structures. This is explained by the benefits that this type of product provides,

Among those that are: the possibility of building high-light elements that support large loads, the industrialization of the process, the quality during manufacturing, the speed of production, the ease of transport and placement on site of the elements, the saving of material , fire resistance, durability, etc.

In the field of prestressed prefabricated elements, it is very necessary that the amount of material to be used in the prefabricated element be minimal, and that this can be completed at a later stage in the work, due to the enormous benefits that this entails for the prefabricated company: reduction of the prefabrication time, reduction of the material used in the manufacture of the prefabrication, reduction of the dimensions of the molds, reduction of the weight of the prefabricated piece, which directly affects the cost of transport and the territorial scope of the product, etc.

It is also extremely useful, given the benefits that this entails to the construction company, which on the one hand, the prefabricated element is self-supporting, and on the other hand, that the prefabricated element is capable of supporting the loads that come from the concrete work of those parts of the element that must be executed on site, without the need to prop up prefabricated parts during these works or provide additional structures to form self-supporting formwork. It is necessary to comment that in certain actions, it is unfeasible to use shoring elements or certain auxiliary structures, such as in structures on riverbeds, in structures on roads or railways in service, etc.

These two useful qualities (minimum material to build the prefabricated and self-supporting capacity including concrete work) are contrasted: the smaller the amount of material used in the production of the prefabricated element, the greater the need to prop up said element in work, since this will not be self-supporting, and vice versa.

That is why currently the self-supporting prefabricated elements for lights and considerable loads are those that have a large part of their final section concreted in the prefabrication phase, since said section requires certain mechanical properties that it would not otherwise have.

Specifically, in the case of self-supporting prefabricated beams (normally prestressed) for considerable lights and loads, practically the entire element is prefabricated (except for the compression layers).

5 As an example, we have the beams in inverted H (with at least one nerve for the soul), where the two wings and the soul are usually prefabricated, or the lower wing and the soul; trough beams, where the lower slab and the two lateral nerves are usually prefabricated; the inverted T-beams, where the lower wing and the soul are usually prefabricated; the T-beams, where the upper wing and the soul are usually prefabricated; alveolar plates, where all prefabricated is usually

10 the plate; etc.

In all these elements, part of the waiting corrugated steel reinforcement is left that serves to structurally join the prefabricated piece with the parts that are concreted later in the work, with the aim that the finished element works as a

15 single piece. It should be noted that this standby reinforcement does not have any structural function by itself until the section is concreted in the work, at which time it goes to work together with the hardened concrete.

After all the considerations explained, the problem that therefore arises is

20 to design a prefabricated element with a prefabricated section of minimum dimensions, simple to produce and of reduced weight for easy transport. The element must be self-supporting and capable of supporting concrete work once it has been installed on site, without the need to use auxiliary shoring elements or self-supporting formwork.

25 The element must be able to cover considerable lights and withstand, during its lifetime, high design loads. These requirements are very typical of structures for civil and industrial works (such as bridges, etc.), and in some specific cases, of building.

30 Currently there are no known elements with these benefits. However, elements specially used in building slabs and roofs are known, with little edge, and that only in some cases, under certain conditions, are self-supporting for reduced lights (typical building lights). It is shown that by increasing the dimensions of these elements homothetically, to cover the expected lights and loads

35 in the approach of the present design, said elements would not be self-supporting and would not be able to withstand design loads. This is due to several factors, including section geometry and buckling of certain compressed steel bars. There are also elements with a higher degree of prefabrication than the element object of the present invention (with all the drawbacks that this entails), which have been exposed

5 above, with similar characteristics in terms of self-supporting property.

The present invention contributes to solve and solve the present problem, since it combines, in an innovative and inventive way, concepts of the technique of reinforced and prestressed concrete, and concepts of the technique of metallic structures of rolled steel, applied

10 on corrugated steel bars.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

The present invention has been developed in order to provide a structural element

15 prefabricated, and is essentially characterized by the fact that it comprises a prestressed concrete base and at least one vertical bar structure, such that the concrete base comprises a longitudinal active reinforcement and / or a longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement; such that the vertical bar structure is formed by a plurality of inverted vertical U-shaped stirrups in the form of uprights arranged

20 consecutively, which alternate with another plurality of transverse inclined stirrups also with an inverted "U" shape as diagonals, longer than the aforementioned transverse vertical stirrups, such that the diagonals join the upper and lower part of the consecutive uprights , and arranging these uprights and diagonals of pins in their lower part open in contact with the concrete base being said

25 pins embedded in the concrete base, and therefore the uprights and diagonals are attached to the same concrete base, and at the top of the uprights and diagonals are arranged at least one longitudinal bar as a cord that runs to the less partially the plurality of the different uprights and diagonals.

Preferably, in the prefabricated structural element the longitudinal active reinforcement and / or the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement are inside the prestressed concrete base.

In addition, in the prefabricated structural element, the integral bars of the vertical structure, or the integral wires or cords of the longitudinal active reinforcement, or the integral bars of the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement, are metallic or alloy .

In addition, in the prefabricated structural element, the integral bars of the vertical structure, or the integral wires or cords of the longitudinal active reinforcement,

or the integral bars of the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement are made of steel.

Additionally, in the prefabricated structural element, the integral bars of the vertical structure or of the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement are made of corrugated steel, and the integral wires or cords of the longitudinal active reinforcement are made of high strength steel.

Likewise, in the prefabricated structural element, the vertical structure has a bar structure in the form of transverse bracing crosses in vertical planes and transverse to the concrete base and said planes being formed by the vertical U-shaped stirrups ”Inverted as uprights, and the vertical structure also has horizontal crossbars that connect the two bars of the upright at the convergence points of the cross bracing crossings.

In this sense, in the prefabricated structural element, the vertical structure has longitudinal horizontal bars parallel to the prestressed concrete base that cover at least partially the length of the vertical structure and that join each of the points of convergence of the crosses of transverse bracing.

Similarly, in the prefabricated structural element, the vertical structure has other longitudinal bracing crosses at least between the first and second uprights of the two ends of the vertical structure itself and in vertical planes that run longitudinally through the concrete base and which contain the consecutive uprights.

Also, in the prefabricated structural element, cross bracing crossings are made up of zigzag bent bars, with a hook at its upper end and a pin at its lower end.

Preferably, in the prefabricated structural element, the zig-zag bent bars that make up the cross bracing crossings have a straight section at the bending points, suitable for welding with other metal or alloy bars.

Alternatively, in the prefabricated structural element, the horizontal crossbars have a hook at each of their ends.

In addition, in the prefabricated structural element, the longitudinal bracing crossings are composed of two zigzag bent bars, with a pin at each end of the bars.

In addition, in the prefabricated structural element, the zigzag bent bars that make up the longitudinal bracing crossings have a straight section at the bending points, suitable for welding with other metal or alloy bars.

Additionally, in the prefabricated structural element, the following bars are

welded: - the uprights with the diagonals on top; - the hooks of the cross bracing crossings with the uprights and / or

diagonals; - hooks of cross bracing crossings with cords

superior; - the diagonals and / or uprights with the upper cords; - the straight sections at the bending points of the bracing crossings

transversal with the uprights; - the hooks of the horizontal crossbars that connect the points of convergence of the crossbars with the uprights; - the longitudinal horizontal bars that connect the points of convergence of the cross bracing crossings with the uprights; - the straight sections at the bending points of the longitudinal bracing crossings with the uprights. - the upper pins of the longitudinal bracing crossings with the uprights.

Similarly, the prefabricated structural element comprises a single vertical structure, or two vertical structures, or three vertical structures, or four vertical structures.

5 Alternatively, a method of manufacturing a prefabricated structural element, comprises placing the vertical structure with the posts of the uprights and diagonals present in the vertical structure inserted between some of the reinforcements, and with the pins of the transverse bracing crosses and longitudinals present in the vertical structure located in the region of the future concrete base, and subsequently

10 a concreting of the armor.

Additionally, in a manufacturing process of a prefabricated structural element, the vertical structure and its joints are made outside a test track, and then the vertical structure is placed on the test track.

Alternatively, in a manufacturing process of a prefabricated structural element, the development of the vertical structure and its joints is carried out totally or partially on a test track.

20 In addition, in a manufacturing process of a prefabricated structural element, a provisional accessory is used that temporarily supports the bars that make up the vertical structure for proper assembly, and using such that first the upper cords supported by the provisional element, in which, in turn, the uprights and diagonals are hung and arranged properly, followed

25 of the cross bracing crossings by means of the hooks, followed by the longitudinal bracing crossings, followed by the horizontal crossbars by means of the hooks that tie the bar attachment points, and finally the longitudinal horizontal bars, and subsequently welded between yes the metal or alloy bars.

In addition, in a manufacturing process of a prefabricated structural element, welds of the metal or alloy bars of the vertical structure are made before concreting, setting and hardening of the prestressed concrete base, or at least one of such welds are made after concreting, setting and

35 hardening of the prestressed concrete base.

Preferably, in a method of manufacturing a structural element

Prefabricated, a production order is as follows: - Placement of the passive reinforcement in a testing track, if such reinforcement is required.

5 - Placement of the active reinforcement in the test track. - Tested active armor. - Placement and / or assembly of the vertical structure on the test track. - Concreting and vibrating of the prestressed concrete base. - Transfer of prestressing by cutting the active reinforcement.

10 Thanks to the present invention, an element formed by a lower concrete wing is achieved, in which active and in some passive reinforcements will normally be placed, which is attached to a vertical structure of metal or alloy bars, which will form part of the future soul and upper wing of the element, having at least one nerve. He

The soul will be concreted on site, as will the compression layer of the upper wing (if such a layer is provided).

This prefabricated structural element works as a mixed structure. In the face of downward vertical loads, the lower wing acts as a pulled cord and the vertical structure of

20 metal or alloy bars have bars that act as traction diagonals, compressed uprights and compressed cords. In a case of load inversion, the elements change their roles.

The operation of this element is based on the geometry chosen for the structure of

25 bars of the soul, which is attached to the lower wing. The three-dimensional structure contemplates certain joints between bars, as well as the correct bracing of them. The latter avoids the buckling of the compressed bars, which is fundamental and supposes the core of the success of the present design, since it allows this simple element to cover large lights to build elements that can withstand a variety of loads.

30 design

With the prefabricated structural element of the present invention, the prefabrication time is reduced, since it is only necessary to concrete and prestress a concrete base of low thickness, which ensures a rapid setting of the concrete. Other products that require concreting a greater part of their section require a longer time interval

of prefabrication, since the setting time increases and because it is possible that the different parts of the section must be concreted in phases, it may be necessary to lift the element and transport it from one area to another of the factory to perform said concreting.

5 The dimensions of prefabricated molds are significantly reduced compared to current products with similar functions. The weight of the prefabricated piece is also significantly reduced compared to current products with similar functions, which directly affects the cost of transport and the territorial scope of the product, which

10 depends on that cost.

Virtually any prefabricated company is capable of manufacturing this element with the machinery available to it. Likewise, a construction company would also be able to manufacture this element. The product is, therefore, available to the entire sector.

15 It is a fire-resistant element, which is an advantage to the alternative of using metal and mixed beams.

Thanks to the geometry of the element, it can easily function as a jacena.

The prefabricated structural element of the present invention is intended for preferential use in civil works, although for a person skilled in the art, its use could be extended to other areas.

Other features and advantages of the prefabricated structural element will be apparent from the description of a preferred but not exclusive embodiment, which is illustrated by way of non-limiting example in the accompanying drawings, in which:

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

Figure 1.- It is a schematic and perspective representation of a section of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention, where the prestressed concrete base and the vertical structure are observed. Figure 2.- It is a schematic representation of a cross section of a modality

35 preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention.

Figure 3.- It is a schematic representation of the longitudinal section of a section of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 4.- It is a view of a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a section with the end supported, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 5.- It is a view of a schematic representation of a longitudinal section of a section with bracing in the longitudinal plane, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 6.- It is a view of a mounting bracket, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 7.- It is a view of a diagonal stirrup, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 8.- It is a view of the bars that form the bracing crossings for transverse bracing, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 9.- They are views of the horizontal bar that joins the two bars of the upright at the convergence points of the bracing crossings, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 10.- It is a view of the bars that make up the bracing crossings for the longitudinal bracing, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 11.- They are views of the welds in the upper joint between a diagonal, a post, a top bead and one of the bars that is part of a cross bracing cross, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 12.- It is a view of the welds at the points of convergence of the cross bracing crossings, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 13.- It is a view of the welds at the points of convergence of the transversal and longitudinal bracing crossings, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 14.- It is a sequential schematic representation of a single formwork option for the soul and the upper wing by lightening, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention.

Figure 15.- It is a sequential schematic representation of an option of the formwork of the soul and the upper wing with the core of the soul and the shape of the upper wing, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention.

Figure 16.- It is a sequential schematic representation of a single formwork option for the soul and the upper wing by means of a curvilinear mold, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 17.- It is a schematic view of a longitudinal section of a section of an element with double stirrups, of a preferred embodiment of the element

10 prefabricated structural of the invention. Figure 18.- It is a schematic view of a cross section of a section of a prefabricated structural element where the bars have been increased as upper cords, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention.

Figure 19.- It is a sequential schematic representation of a concreting process of a section of an element with a two-ribbed soul, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 20.- It is a schematic representation of a cross-sectional and longitudinal section of an element with a variable number of cross bracing crossings and

20, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention. Figure 21.- It is a sequential schematic representation of a work placement process and concreted by phases of the same until the final beam is obtained, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention.

Figure 22.- It is a sequential schematic view of a possible construction process of transverse ribs, of a preferred embodiment of the prefabricated structural element of the invention.

DESCRIPTION OF A PREFERRED EMBODIMENT

30 As shown in the figures, the prefabricated structural element comprises a prestressed concrete base 1 and at least one vertical bar structure 2, such that the concrete base 1 comprises a longitudinal active reinforcement 3 and / or a reinforcement passive 4 longitudinal and / or transverse; such that the bar structure 2 is formed by a

35 plurality of transverse vertical stirrups with an inverted "U" shape as a

consecutively arranged uprights 6, which alternate with another plurality of transverse inclined stirrups also with an inverted "U" shape as diagonals 7, longer than the aforementioned transverse vertical stirrups, such that diagonals 7 join the upper and lower part of the consecutive uprights 6, and these 5 and 6 diagonal uprights 7 having pins 61, 71 in their lower part open in contact with the concrete base 1 said pins 61, 71 being embedded in the concrete base 1, and by therefore, the 6 and diagonal struts 7 are connected to the same concrete base 1, and at the top of the 6 and diagonal struts 7, at least one longitudinal bar is arranged as a cord 5 that at least partially covers the plurality of the

10 different uprights 6 and diagonals 7.

As can be seen in Figure 1, the prefabricated structural element of the invention comprises a lower prestressed concrete base 1 and a vertical bar structure 2 substantially perpendicular to said prestressed concrete base 1, both

15 differentiated from each other.

In the preferred embodiment described in the figures, the prefabricated structural element of the invention has a linear structural element geometry.

In this preferred embodiment described, the concrete used is high strength concrete suitable for prestressed concrete structures.

Vertical means a direction substantially perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1.

The prefabricated structural element of the invention is self-supporting and is capable of supporting the loads derived from the concrete work of the soul and upper wing of the future beam, without the need for shoring or additional structures for self-supporting formwork.

30 In the precast phase, the prestressed concrete base 1 and the vertical structure 2 work together, resulting in a mixed structure.

It is common in the case of mixed structures the use of rolled steel bars or profiles, although in this preferred embodiment corrugated steel bars are used. It is this mixed structure that allows the loads to be supported during their use phase as anticipated.

Therefore, in this preferred embodiment described, the integral bars of the

5 vertical structure 2 and the integral bars of the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement 4 are made of corrugated steel, although in other embodiments, other types of materials with the appropriate performance could be used. Also, in this preferred embodiment described, the bars that integrate the longitudinal active reinforcement 3 are made of high strength steel, although in other embodiments,

10 other types of materials could be used with adequate performance.

In other embodiments, the integral bars of the vertical structure 2, or of the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement 4, as well as the wires or cords of the longitudinal active reinforcement 3, could be made of other materials, such as for example

15 of a synthetic type, such as carbon fibers, etc., that will have adequate performance.

The vertical and three-dimensional structure 2 has two distinct functions. During the prefabricated pre-phase, properly welded bars are part of the structure

20 resistant, capable of withstanding the stresses caused when the object of the present invention must be self-supporting and subject to various solicitations due to its transportation, work placement, etc.

After concreting the section, the vertical structure 2 becomes part

25 of the reinforcement of the soul and the upper wing of the future beam that is configured, contributing to withstand the tensions generated by the shear, flush, torso, axial, and bending moments generated by the design loads, in addition to fulfilling other functions, how to control retraction and creep, provide the affected parts with the minimum reinforcement, limit the arrow of the element, etc.

30 Figure 1 also shows inside the prestressed concrete base 1 longitudinal active reinforcements 3 and passive longitudinal and / or transverse reinforcements 4. The reinforcements 3,4 can be arranged in the prestressed concrete base 1 with different spacings, homogeneous or not.

In this embodiment, the longitudinal active reinforcement 3 and / or the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement 4 are inside the concrete base 1.

The prestressed concrete base 1 and the active reinforcements 3 and the passive reinforcements 4 of its interior, form the tensioned cord of the lattice structure formed by a prefabricated structural element of the invention.

The mentioned reinforcements 3, 4 of the prestressed concrete base 1 will be in charge of withstanding the stresses generated by the axial and bending moments caused when the object of the present invention must be self-supporting and is subjected to several different solicitations, such as due to its transport, work placement, etc., in addition to fulfilling other functions, such as controlling retraction and creep, limiting the element's arrow, limiting tensions in the section, etc.

In a certain length from the ends of a prefabricated structural element, it may be necessary to incorporate a greater amount of steel under the rib (s) of the soul, to tie the last connecting rod to shear.

Figures 1 and 2 also show the vertical structure 2 formed by corrugated steel bars. The upper longitudinal bars that act as compressed cords 5 can be distinguished, which provide the lever arm necessary to support, together with the prestressed concrete base 1 and the reinforcements 3,4, the stresses generated by axial and bending moments in the phase provide prefabricated, while they will be part of the upper wing reinforcement of the beam once configured and finished.

You can also see the stirrups that act as uprights 6 tablets and the stirrups that act as diagonals 7 pulled. Both stirrups allow the tensions generated by the shear stress to be absorbed in the prefabricated pre-fabrication phase, and will be part of the reinforcement of the beam core once finished.

It is also possible to appreciate how these elements join together. It is precisely this lattice geometry that gives the prefabricated structural element of the invention the ability to withstand loads.

As explained, this main and three-dimensional vertical structure 2 of corrugated steel bars is formed by vertical transverse stirrups with an inverted “U” shape (which act as 6 compressed uprights), which alternate with other transverse inclined stirrups longer also with an inverted "U" shape (acting as traction diagonals 7) that join the upper and lower part of adjacent vertical stirrups (consisting of 6 compressed uprights).

These stirrups have pins 61, 71 in their lower part open in contact with the prestressed concrete base 1. These pins 61, 71 (more detailed in subsequent figures) will be embedded in the concrete of the prestressed concrete base 1, and therefore, the stirrups will be attached to it.

In the upper part of the stirrups there are two cords 5 longitudinal tablets of corrugated steel.

If there is a load inversion, the elements will change their compression / traction role.

Finally, it is possible to visualize the rest of corrugated steel bars, whose purpose is to brac the different compressed bars, which is fundamental for the proper functioning of the structure, and in this lies much of the innovation and inventiveness of the present invention.

In order to brace the uprights 6 in the transverse and longitudinal planes perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1, in addition to the aforementioned elements, transverse bracing crossings 8, horizontal transverse bars 9, longitudinal horizontal bars 10, and some are arranged 11 longitudinal bracing crosses that will be described in later figures.

The bracing crosses mentioned herein are also commonly known as San Andres crosses.

To brace the compressed cords 5 in the horizontal plane and in the longitudinal vertical plane perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1, the uprights 6, the diagonals 7, the cross bracing crossings 8 and the horizontal crossbars 9 are used.

The geometry adopted for the structure optimizes the amount of corrugated steel to use

5 both in the prefabricated pre-phase (vertical structure 2 forming part of a lattice) and in the future configured beam phase (vertical structure 2 as internal reinforcement of the future configured beam).

The different elements mentioned above can be seen in more detail in Figure 2.

10 Additionally, the connecting hooks 81 of the bars that make up the transverse bracing crossings 8 with the compressed upper cords 5, the two small lower pins 82, as well as the pins 61 of the lower part of the uprights 6. are observed. 7 have the same pins 71 as the uprights 6.

15 It is advisable that the pins 61, 71 of the uprights 6 and diagonals 7 pass under one of the active reinforcements 3 or passive reinforcements 4 of the prestressed concrete base 1, as shown in Figure 2, since this significantly improves the anchoring of these bars to the prestressed concrete base 1.

In Figure 3 a longitudinal section of a section of a prefabricated structural element of the proposed invention is observed. You can visualize the elements mentioned above, as well as their section geometry, clearly observing the mechanism of structural operation of the lattice. In this figure, diagonals 7 are tilted from top to bottom from left to right between uprights 6, although in the section of

25 a prefabricated element symmetrical to this section, the diagonals 7 will be arranged opposite, according to a vertical axial symmetry (from top to bottom from right to left between uprights 6).

Based on the geometry adopted, compared to a request for vertical loads

30 descending, the prestressed concrete base 1 acts on traction, the vertical transverse stirrups act as compressed uprights 6, the transverse inclined stirrups act as traction diagonals 7, and the upper longitudinal bars act as compressed cords 5. In case of a reversal of charges, the roles of the elements change. These are the main resistant elements of the vertical structure 2.

The pre-tensioned concrete base 1 pulled and the compressed cords 5 provide a mechanical arm capable of withstanding the stresses generated by the shafts and the bending moments, and the uprights 6 and diagonals 7 are arranged with a suitable geometry to withstand the stresses generated by the shear stresses

It must be ensured, however, that none of the compressed bars of the pandee structure, given their high slenderness. As mentioned, this is essential for the correct functioning of the latticework, and in the solution found to this problem lies much of the innovation of the present invention.

The bars with special risk of buckling are the 6 compressed uprights and the 5 compressed cords.

To prevent the compressed uprights 6 from buckling in the transverse plane perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1, a corrugated steel bar structure in the form of bracing crosses 8 is arranged in the plane formed by the two bars of the stud 6 , together with horizontal crossbars 9 that join the two bars of the stud 6 at the convergence points of the bracing crossings 8. This structure allows to fix the convergence points of the bracing crosses 8, achieving a structure similar to a porch intraslational in a transverse plane to an element.

In order to prevent the compressed uprights 6 from buckling in the longitudinal planes perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1 containing the bars of the uprights 6, new longitudinal horizontal bars 10 of corrugated steel are arranged that join each of the convergence points of the bracing crossings 8 located at the same height and side of the stud 6 (these new horizontal horizontal bars 10 will also serve as leather reinforcement for the final section of the beam).

Additionally, at least between the first and second stud 6 of the two ends of an element, there are new longitudinal bracing crossings 11 in the two longitudinal planes perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1 containing the stud bars 6. Thanks to these new bracing crossings 11, the junction points between these new longitudinal horizontal bars 10 and the uprights 6 are fixed, making the latticework to be intraslational in this direction.

Figure 4 shows one of the extreme sections of the object of the invention. Longitudinal bracing crosses 11 can be observed. Thanks to these longitudinal bracing crossings 11 and the longitudinal horizontal bars 10, the buckling of the uprights 6 of the prefabricated structural element in the longitudinal planes perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1 passing through the bars of the uprights 6. is avoided. it is because the uprights 6 together with the compressed cords 5 and the longitudinal horizontal bars 10 form intraslational porches in the longitudinal direction of these planes.

As can be seen in Figure 5, in some cases it may be necessary to arrange a larger number of longitudinal bracing crossings 11 between uprights 6 to stiffen the assembly and ensure its intraslational behavior in the longitudinal direction.

To prevent the compressed cords 5 from panning in the horizontal plane parallel to the prestressed concrete base 1, the structure in the form of cross bracing crossings 8 described above arranged in the plane formed by the two bars of the stud 6 is used. thus, the buckling length in the horizontal plane of the compressed cords 5, since the uprights 6 behave as intraslational porches in the perpendicular transverse plane based on prestressed concrete 1, thus fixing their end points, where they are located the laces 5 tablets.

To prevent the compressed cords 5 from buckling in the vertical plane perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1, the structure of uprights 6 and diagonals 7 to which these cords 5 are attached are used, thus limiting the buckling length thereof.

Figure 6 shows the geometry of a stirrup that acts as an upright 6 of the vertical structure 2. The lower pin 61 of the piece can be seen. In other preferred embodiments, it is possible to adopt another anchor typology to join these corrugated steel bars to the prestressed concrete base 1.

Figure 7 shows the geometry of a stirrup that acts as a diagonal 7 of the vertical structure 2. The lower pin 71 of the piece can be seen. In other preferred embodiments, it is possible to adopt another anchor typology to join these corrugated steel bars to the prestressed concrete base 1.

5 As shown in Figure 8, the bracing crossings 8 that are placed in the planes formed by the two bars of the uprights 6, are composed of two bars folded in zig-zag, with a hook 81 in their upper part to join with the longitudinal upper bars that make up the 5 compressed cords, and two small

10 pins 82 in its lower part, part that will be embedded in the prestressed concrete base 1. At the bending points of these bracing crossings 8 it is advisable to leave a small section 83 straight for the correct welding between bars. In other preferred embodiments it is possible to adopt another type of anchoring to join these corrugated steel bars to the prestressed concrete base 1.

15 Figure 9 shows the horizontal crossbars 9 that join the two bars of the uprights 6 at the points of convergence of the cross bracing crossings 8. You can see the hooks 91 at the ends of the bar to easily join them by welding to the rest of the bars.

20 Figure 10 shows the longitudinal bracing crossings 11 that are placed in the two longitudinal planes perpendicular to the prestressed concrete base 1 containing the bars of the uprights 6, at least between the first and second upright 6 of the two ends of an element, are composed of two bars

25 zig-zag bent, with a small pin 111 at each end. At the bending points of these longitudinal bracing crossings 11, it is advisable to leave a small section 112 straight for proper welding between bars.

In the joint between the bars, only welding is carried out in the following

30 bars: the uprights 6 with the diagonals 7 at their top; the hooks 81 of the cross bracing crossings 8 with the 6 and / or diagonal uprights 7; the hooks 81 of the cross bracing crossings 8 with the upper cords 5; diagonals 7 and / or uprights 6 with the upper cords 5; the small 83 straight sections that it is advisable to leave at the bending points of the bracing crossings 8

35 transversal with uprights 6; the hooks 91 of the horizontal crossbars 9 that connect the points of convergence of the crossbars 8 with the uprights 6; the longitudinal horizontal bars 10 joining the points of convergence of the cross bracing crossings 8 with the uprights 6; the straight sections 112 that it is advisable to leave at the bending points of the crossings of

5 longitudinal bracing 11 with the uprights 6, the upper pins 111 of the longitudinal bracing crossings 11 with the uprights 6.

In some cases, it may be necessary to perform some additional welding between certain bars. Also, in some cases it may be necessary not to perform any

10 of the welds described between certain bars.

In Figure 11, welds 12 of uprights 6, diagonals 7 and cross bracing crossings 8 with the compressed upper cords 5 can be seen in greater detail. It is essential the connection between bars to ensure proper operation

15 structural lattice.

In Figure 12, welds 12 of uprights 6, cross bracing crossings 8, horizontal crossbars 9, and longitudinal horizontal bar 10 can be seen in greater detail. The joint between bars is essential to ensure correct

20 structural operation of the lattice.

In FIG. 13, details of the welds 12 of uprights 6, cross bracing crossings 8, horizontal crossbars 9, horizontal horizontal bar 10 and longitudinal bracing crossings 11 can be seen. The union between

25 bars to ensure the correct structural operation of the lattice.

The number of transverse bracing crossings 8 and longitudinal bracing crossings 11 depends fundamentally on the edge of the future beam, on the skin reinforcement of the soul, and on the need to limit the buckling length of the uprights 6.

30 There are several molds for the formwork of the soul and the compression slab of the beam. It is possible to use a lightening, which allows the soul to be concreted first and then the upper wing of the future beam. However, if it is necessary to adopt a gap between the beams and / or the distance between nerves is considerable, it is possible

35 that the amount of lightening material to be used makes this method unfeasible. In such a case, it is possible to use vertical flat joints joined by eggplants or other elements for the concreting of the soul of the beam, and pre-slabs or other elements as lost formwork for the upper wing.

5 In schematic figure 14 a possible method of using the element of the invention to phase the final beam from the prefabricated structural element of the invention is sequentially represented. The first scheme corresponds to a cross section of an assembly of an object of the invention supported by its ends in work, with a lightening 13 between the vertical structures 2 attached to the bases of

10 concrete 1 prestressed. This lightening 13 will serve as a lost finding of the nerves and of the compression slab of the final beams. The second scheme corresponds to the completion of the concrete work of the ribs 14 of the future beams. The reinforcement of the compression slab 15 placed in its final situation can also be seen. Finally in the third scheme you can see the final concreting of the slab of

15 compression 16, using the upper lightening contour as a formwork base.

In schematic figure 15, another possible constructive method of using the prefabricated structural element of the invention to phase the final beam from a prefabricated element of the invention is represented sequentially. The first scheme corresponds to a cross-section of an assembly of an object of the invention supported by its ends on site, where the vertical structures 2 attached to the prestressed concrete bases 1 are observed, with the vertical molding molds 17 for the concrete of the nerves, joined together to support the thrust of the concrete. The second scheme corresponds to the completion of the concrete work of the

25 nerves 14 of future beams. You can also see how a pre-slab 18 is placed as a lost form for the compression slab of the future beam. On the other hand, it is observed how the reinforcement of the compression slab 15 of the future beams in its final situation has been arranged. Finally, in the third scheme, the concreting of the compression slab 16 on the pre-slabs 18 can be seen.

In schematic figure 16, another possible constructive method of using a prefabricated structural element of the invention for phasing the final beam from a prefabricated element of the invention is represented sequentially. The first scheme corresponds to a cross section of a set of an object of the

35 invention supported by its ends in work, where the vertical structures 2 attached to the prestressed concrete bases 1 are observed, with semicircular or semi-oval molds 19 that act as a lost formwork for the nerves and the compression slab of the final beams. The second scheme corresponds to the completion of the concrete work of the ribs 14, which in this case have curved contours. The reinforcement of the compression slab 15 placed in its final situation can also be seen. Finally in the third scheme you can see the final concreting of the compression slab 16.

In the elements with considerable lights, there may be a need to duplicate some of the uprights 6, especially those close to the supports, to avoid buckling them. There may also be a need to increase the number of cords 5 tablets. And in the case of major lights, more than one vertical structure 2 can be arranged in the soul of an element.

Figure 17 shows a longitudinal section of a section of the prefabricated element where the uprights 6 have been duplicated. It is a possible alternative to prevent buckling of the uprights 6 in the case of considerable lights, especially of the next uprights 6 to the supports, which are the most requested compression. In some extreme case, one of the uprights 6 could triple. Because the bars of the uprights 6 must be previously bent, their diameters are usually limited to a maximum. Since it may not be possible to have diameters greater than that maximum to reduce the slenderness of the uprights 6, these bars should be used to duplicate, in certain cases.

Similarly, in Figure 18 a cross section of a section of the prefabricated structural element where the upper compressed cords 5 have been duplicated and even tripled. With this it is achieved that the prefabricated structural element of the invention has greater mechanical capacity, and therefore can overcome major lights, as well as concrete loads of the major nerve (s). In addition, the buckling of these cords 5 tablets is drastically limited.

Figure 19 shows a cross section of the prefabricated structural element of the invention in which the vertical structure 2 of corrugated steel bars in lattice that forms the ribs 14 of the future beam has been duplicated. It is a possible alternative to avoid buckling of the studs 6 and the cords 5 compressed in the case of considerable lights.

In this case, one of the nerves must first be concreted, since if all the nerves were concreted at the same time, arranging several nerves would not imply any advantage over having a single nerve, since, even if more steel were available, there would also be a greater load by concreting all the nerves at once. Therefore, only one nerve must be concreted first (while all vertical lattices resist the concrete load of that nerve). Once the first nerve has hardened, a second nerve must be concreted (the lattices of the non-concreted nerves will work as lattice, while the concreted and partially hardened nerves will work as a concrete section), and so on. These phases allow the element to withstand greater loads.

In Fig. 20 a longitudinal section of the prefabricated structural element of the invention is observed together with a cross section thereof. As can be seen, the number of cross bracing crossings 8 and longitudinal bracing crossings 11 for the bracing of the compressed bars can be variable. The number of transverse bracing crossings 8 depends fundamentally on the edge of the future beam, on the skin reinforcement of the soul, and on the need to limit the buckling length of the uprights 6.

In the event that the beam that is desired to be configured from an element of the invention, is longer than the usual existing lengths in the market of rods 5 and horizontal longitudinal bars 10, it must proceed to join successive sections of such cords 5 and longitudinal horizontal bars 10.

It is advisable not to make this joint in the central area of the final beam, that is, it is better not to join two consecutive bars of the same length. This is explained because in the center of the final beam (where this joint would go), the compressed longitudinal bars suffer the highest compressions. Therefore, it is better to make this connection to one of the sides of an element, that is, to take a longer bar, and another / s bar / s shorter, so that it completes the length of the prefabricated structural element.

In reinforced concrete structures, where the geometry of the steel bars of the reinforcement as a structure in itself is not previously taken advantage of, to join reinforcement bars they usually overlap one another, so that the future concrete beam works correctly (it is the so-called overlap length). But in the case of this

The invention is not sufficient, since each bar must have mechanical continuity before the concrete of the nerve and the compression slab is poured on site, since before that pouring said bars are part of a lattice structure.

There may be several possible procedures for this.

10 One would be overlapping the bars and welding them along the overlap. Such an option is contemplated in the case of small diameter bars, such as cords 5 in prefabricated linear structural elements of small light, or longitudinal horizontal bars

10.

15 Another procedure would be joining the bars at the ends, or leaving some overlap, for example taking advantage of some point of attachment with other bars, such as the uprights 6. Possibly it is most recommended in the case of bars of small diameter, such as longitudinal horizontal bars 10 where they join with the uprights 6 and

20 bracing crossings 8 cross.

Another procedure would be through mechanical joints, a technique that is also used in reinforced concrete structures, especially to join bars of high diameters. This option would be the most appropriate in the case of large diameter bars, such as cords 5

25 in prefabricated linear structural elements with significant lights.

In schematic figure 21 the construction process of a prefabricated structural element object of the invention is sequentially observed in a longitudinal section, supported at its ends. In the case of the figure, it rests on two screens of which

30 you can see the sprats. In the first scheme the geometry is observed (prestressed concrete base 1 and vertical structure 2). The geometry of the prefabricated beam, the joints between the corrugated steel bars and the bracing of the compressed bars, is what allows the prefabricated structural element to be self-supporting and withstand the concreting loads of the parts of the final beam to be executed on site. .

In the second scheme, the same longitudinal section is observed with the concreted nerve 14.

In the third scheme, the same logitudinal section is observed with compression slab 16

5 concrete. Depending on the needs, this compression slab 16 can be extended to the adjacent structure and structurally attached to it or not. After this phase, the design loads will be applied to the element.

Finally, in the fourth scheme, the same longitudinal section is observed with the design loads 10 acting.

Another advantage of the present invention with respect to the existing beams in the market is that it does not have the nerve (s) prefabricated, since it is one of the parts that is concreted in work. Thanks to this, if the corresponding spaces are left with the lightening or other systems, it is possible to construct transverse ribs along the entire structure to be performed in a simple way. These nerves may be armed with corrugated steel bars arranged on site. The function of these nerves is to avoid the "piano effect" or "typing" of the different beams once placed on site. It is a common effect on all self-supporting prefabricated beams for considerable loads and lights on the market,

20 in which, due to the fact of having prefabricated longitudinal ribs, it is not possible to concretize transverse ribs in a simple way.

These nerves can also serve as a structural element in the transverse direction, stiffening the assembly, which is an advantage over the current products of the market, which do not allow it easily.

These nerves can be continuous or discrete, and depending on the spacing left between lightening for their construction, they can become true concrete massifs.

In Figure 22 a simple way of constructing continuous ribs 21 in a transverse direction to the object of the invention is sequentially observed to avoid the "piano effect" or "typing". For this, an additional space must be left between the lightening 13 and subsequently concreting the longitudinal and transverse ribs 21. It is possible to arrange a

35 armor 20 in the transverse nerves. Depending on the distance left between contiguous lightening, the width of these nerves will be greater or lesser, being able to generate true solid (continuous or punctual) for point or belt loads, if required. These nerves can also serve as a structural element in the transverse direction, stiffening the assembly.

The transverse ribs 21 can be armed, and in their construction a transverse space can be left to place them and concretize them simultaneously to the longitudinal ribs 14, thus being structurally linked.

A method of manufacturing a prefabricated structural element of the invention comprises placing the structure 2 with the pins 61,71 present in the structure 2 inserted between some of the reinforcements 3,4, and with the pins 82, 111 present in structure 2 located in the region of the future concrete base 1, and subsequently a concrete reinforcement 3.4.

The construction of structure 2 and its unions is carried out outside a test track, and then structure 2 is placed on the test track, or structure 2 and its joints can be fully or partially made in the test track itself .

For the preparation of the vertical structure 2, a provisional accessory is used that temporarily supports the bars that make up the vertical structure 2 for proper assembly, and using such that first the upper cords 5 supported by the provisional element are located, in the which, in turn, the uprights 6 and diagonals 7 are hung and properly arranged, followed by the cross bracing crossings 8 by the hooks 81, followed by the longitudinal bracing crossings 11, followed by the horizontal crossbars 9 by the hooks 91, which tie the bar connection points, and finally the longitudinal horizontal bars 10, and subsequently weld the corrugated steel bars together.

Welding 12 of the corrugated steel bars of the vertical structure 2 can be carried out before or after concreting, setting and hardening of the concrete base 1.

An order of manufacture of the prefabricated structural element of the invention is the

next:

- Placing passive reinforcement 4 on a test track, if such is required

armor.

- Placement of active reinforcement 3 on the test track.

- Active armor testing 3.

- Placing and / or mounting the vertical structure 2 on the test track.

- Concreting and vibrating of the concrete base 1.

- Transfer of prestressing by cutting the active reinforcement 3.

It may be more advantageous to weld the vertical structure 2 before concreting the prestressed concrete base 1, insofar as it provides a tensioned state and an arrow of the prefabricated structural element contrary to those that will request the prefabricated structural element during the pre-fabrication phase. prefabricated.

The geometry of the different bars that make up the vertical structure 2 ensures the correct structural operation of the prefabricated structural element while facilitating the manufacturing process thereof (assembly of bars and joining of metal or alloy bars by welding).

It is possible to divide the construction process of the prefabricated structural element into two parts: on the one hand the vertical structure 2, and on the other hand the prestressed concrete base 1 and its reinforcements 2,3. This allows the production process to be fast.

The prefabricated structural element of the present invention has obvious advantages in its manufacture, since it is only necessary to concrete and prestress a concrete base of low thickness, a quick setting of the concrete is ensured, thus significantly reducing its manufacturing time. The need presented by other products to concretize a greater part of its section, implies a longer prefabrication time, due to the increase in the setting time and because it is possible that the different parts of the section should be concreted by phases, therefore being even It is necessary to lift the element and transport it from one area to another of the factory to carry out said concreting.

The necessary prefabricated molds are smaller in size than those used for current products with similar functions. The weight of the prefabricated part is also substantially lower compared to current products with similar functions, which means a significant reduction in transport costs and

5 also contributes to expanding the territorial diffusion of the product.

The manufacturing of the prefabricated structural element of the present invention is feasible for almost any prefabricated company with the machinery usually available. Likewise, a construction company would also be able to manufacture this element.

10 It has a high resistance to fire, therefore its use is advantageous compared to the alternative of using metal and mixed beams, and in addition, its geometry allows it to be used as a jacena.

The details, shapes, dimensions and other accessory elements, as well as the materials used in the manufacture of a prefabricated structural element of the invention, may be conveniently replaced by others that are technically equivalent and do not depart from the essentiality of the invention or the scope defined by the claims included below.

Claims (23)

1. Prefabricated structural element, characterized in that it comprises a prestressed concrete base (1) and at least one vertical bar structure (2), such that the concrete base (1) comprises an active reinforcement (3) longitudinal and / or passive reinforcement (4) longitudinal and / or transverse; such that the structure (2) of bars is formed by a plurality of vertical transverse stirrups in the form of an inverted "U" in the form of consecutive uprights (6), which alternate with another plurality of transverse inclined stirrups also in the form of " U ”inverted as diagonals (7), more 10 long than the transverse vertical stirrups mentioned above, such that the diagonal ones (7) join the upper and lower part of the consecutive uprights (6), and arranging these (6) and diagonal uprights (7) of pins (61, 71) in their lower part open in contact with the concrete base ( 1) said pins (61, 71) being embedded in the concrete base (1), and therefore the uprights (6) and diagonals (7) are attached to it 15 concrete base (1), and at the top of the uprights (6) and diagonals (7) are arranged at least one longitudinal bar as a cord (5) that runs at least partially the plurality of the different uprights ( 6) and diagonals (7). 2. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 1, characterized by the 20 the fact that the longitudinal active reinforcement (3) and / or the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement (4) are inside the concrete base (1). 3. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the integral bars of the vertical structure (2), or the wires or cords 25 members of the active longitudinal reinforcement (3), or the integral and / or transverse passive reinforcement (4) bars, are metallic or alloy. 4. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 3, characterized in that the integral bars of the structure (2), or the wires or cords 30 members of the active longitudinal reinforcement (3), or the integral and / or transverse passive reinforcement (4) bars, are made of steel. 5. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 4, characterized in that the integral bars of the structure (2) or the longitudinal and / or transverse passive reinforcement (4) are made of corrugated steel, and the integral wires or cords of the longitudinal active reinforcement (3) are made of high strength steel. 31 6. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that the structure (2) has a bar structure in the form of transverse bracing crossings (8) in vertical planes and transverse to the base of 5 concrete (1) and said planes being formed by the vertical transverse stirrups with an inverted "U" shape as uprights (6), and the structure (2) also has horizontal crossbars (9) joining the two upright bars (6) at the convergence points of the cross bracing crossings (8). A prefabricated structural element according to claim 6, characterized in that the structure (2) has longitudinal horizontal bars (10) parallel to the concrete base (1) that run at least partially the length of the structure (2) and that join the convergence points of the cross bracing crossings (8). 8. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 6 or 7, characterized in that the structure (2) has other longitudinal bracing crossings (11) at least between the first and second upright (6) of the two ends of the own structure (2) and in vertical planes that run longitudinally through the concrete base (1) and which contain 20 consecutive uprights (6). 9. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 6, characterized in that the cross bracing crossings (8) are composed of zigzag bent bars, with a hook (81) at its upper end and a pin (82) ) in its 25 lower end. 10. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 9, characterized in that the zig-zag bent bars that make up the bracing crossings (8) cross sections have a straight section (83) at the bending points, suitable for welding with other metal or alloy bars. 11. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 6, characterized in that the horizontal crossbars (9) have a hook (91) at each of its ends. 12. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 8, characterized in that the longitudinal bracing crossings (11) are composed of two zigzag bent bars, with a pin (111) at each end of the bars . 13. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 12, characterized in that the zig-zag bent bars that make up the bracing crossings (11) Longitudinals have a straight section (112) suitable for welding with other metal or alloy bars. 14. Prefabricated structural element according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the following bars are welded: - the uprights (6) with the diagonals (7) in their upper part; - the hooks (81) of the cross bracing crossings (8) with uprights (6) 15 and / or diagonals (7); - the hooks (81) of the cross bracing crossings (8) with the cords (5) superior; - the diagonals (7) and / or uprights (6) with the upper cords (5); - the straight sections (83) at the bending points of the bracing crossings (8) 20 transversal with the uprights (6); - the hooks (91) of the horizontal crossbars (9) connecting the convergence points of the cross bracing crossings (8) with the uprights (6); - the longitudinal horizontal bars (10) joining the convergence points of the cross bracing crossings (8) with the uprights (6); - the straight sections (112) at the bending points of the bracing crossings (11) Longitudinal with the uprights (6). - the upper pins (111) of the longitudinal bracing crossings (11) with the uprights (6). 30 15. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises a single structure (2). 16. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises two structures (2). 17. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises three structures (2). 18. Prefabricated structural element according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises four structures (2). 19. Method of manufacturing a prefabricated structural element according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises placing the structure (2) with the pins (61,71) present in the structure (2) 10 inserted between some of the reinforcements (3,4), and with the pins (82, 111) present in the structure (2) located in the region of the future concrete base (1), and subsequently a concreting of the reinforcements (3,4). 20. Procedure for manufacturing a prefabricated structural element according to the Claim 19, characterized in that the structure (2) and its joints are made out of a testing track, and subsequently placing the structure (2) on the testing track. 21. Procedure for manufacturing a prefabricated structural element according to the claim 19, characterized in that the structure 20 (2) and its joints are fully or partially prepared in a test track.

22

Method of manufacturing a prefabricated structural element according to claims 20 or 21, characterized in that a temporary accessory is used that temporarily supports the bars that make up the structure (2) for its proper assembly, and using such that they are first placed the upper cords (5) supported by the provisional element, in which, in turn, the uprights (6) and diagonals (7) are hung and properly arranged, followed by the cross bracing crossings (8) by the hooks ( 81), followed by longitudinal bracing crossings (11), followed by horizontal crossbars (9) by hooks

30 (91) that tie the bar attachment points, and finally the horizontal horizontal bars (10), and subsequently weld the metal or alloy bars together.

2. 3.

Method of manufacturing a prefabricated structural element according to claim 22, characterized in that the welds (12) of the bars are made

metal or alloy structure (2) before concreting, setting and hardening of the concrete base (1). 24. Method of manufacturing a prefabricated structural element according to claim 22, characterized in that at least one of the welds is made (12) of the metal or alloy bars of the structure (2) after concreting, setting and hardening of the concrete base (1). 25. Method of manufacturing a prefabricated structural element according to claim 19, characterized by the following order of manufacture of the element Prefabricated structural structure: - Placement of passive reinforcement (4) on a test track, if such reinforcement is required. - Placement of active reinforcement (3) on the test track. 15 - Tested active armor (3). - Placement and / or assembly of the structure (2) on the test track. - Concreting and vibrating of the concrete base (1). - Transfer of prestressing by cutting the active reinforcement (3). SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201330822 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 04.06.2013 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: See Additional Sheet RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

56 Documents cited Claims Affected

Y

EP 1020583 A1 (MARMORITH BETONINDUSTRIE ET AL.) 07/19/2000, column 3, line 3 column 7, line 2; figures. 1-4, 14, 15, 17

Y

US 3778951 A (OROSCHAKOFF G) 12/18/1973, column 1, line 55-column 10, line 9; figures. 1-4, 14, 15, 17

TO

JP H1150468 A (MORI HITOSHI) 02/23/1999, Summary of the WPI database. Recovered from EPOQUE; AN 1999-211452 1-3, 15

TO

EP 0143101 A2 (BEST BAUEISEN & STAHL) 05/29/1985, Summary of the WPI database. Recovered from EPOQUE; AN 1985-129816 1, 4, 6, 11

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 27.11.2013

Examiner M. B. Hernández Agusti Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 201330822 CLASSIFICATION OBJECT OF THE APPLICATION E04C3 / 294 (2006.01) E04C5 / 065 (2006.01) E04B5 / 23 (2006.01) E04B5 / 38 (2006.01) Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) E04B, E04C Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, search terms used) INVENTIONS, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201330822 Date of Written Opinion: 27.11.2013 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-25 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 5-13, 16, 18-25 1-4, 14, 15, 17 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201330822 1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

EP 1020583 A1 (MARMORITH BETONINDUSTRIE et al.) 19.07.2000

D02

US 3778951 A (OROSCHAKOFF G) 18.12.1973

D03

JP H1150468 A (MORI HITOSHI) 23.02.1999

D04

EP 0143101 A2 (BEST BAUEISEN & STAHL) 05/29/1985

2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulation of execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement The patent application describes a structural beam-like element comprising a prestressed concrete base with longitudinal active reinforcement and passive transverse reinforcement. It also has at least one vertical structure of bars formed by vertical stirrups in the form of -Uinverted as uprights arranged consecutively and alternated with another sequence of inclined transverse stirrups also with -U-inverted shape as diagonals and longer. These diagonals join the top of a vertical upright with the bottom of the next. Both types of stirrups, vertical and inclined, have pins in their open bottom which is embedded in the concrete base. At the top of the stirrups there is at least one longitudinal bar parallel to the base that runs through a number of stirrups. Document D01 describes a prefabricated structural element comprising a concrete base and at least one vertical bar structure, such that the concrete base comprises an active longitudinal and a passive reinforcement and a transverse passive reinforcement. The bar structure is made up of a plurality of vertical stirrups with a U-inverted shape in the form of uprights, arranged consecutively, (missing that alternate with the diagonal stirrups). The stirrups have pins embedded in the concrete base so that the stirrups are attached to the concrete base. At the top, at least one longitudinal bar is arranged as a cord, which runs through a number of consecutive uprights. Document D02 describes a metal reinforcement for structural elements beam-slab type. They are made up of at least two grills that can be assembled by superimposing on one of their sides to form a longitudinal reinforcement in the form of -U-adapted to the different thicknesses. In Figure 34, it uses a configuration of vertical and other diagonal bars, so that they join the upper part of a vertical bar with the lower part of the next one. They form the sides of a U-shaped structure conceived as an alternative for large beams. These sides are joined by welding. Document D03 describes a beam with slab base type reinforced with prestressed grill. It has a bar structure (1) that is made up of a plurality of vertical transverse stirrups in the form of -U-inverted as consecutive uprights. The lower part is embedded in the concrete slab. In the upper part of the uprights there is a longitudinal bar that runs through a number of uprights. Document D04 describes a reinforcement reinforcement for concrete constructions. It has reinforcements (4) in the form of a series of stirrups that interconnect by means of bars (9) forming a longitudinal structure. The ends of the stirrups are bent to allow an easy and fast connection with the longitudinal bars to which they wrap. The invention application is considered new for all its claims but has no inventive activity for claims 1-4, 14,15.17, according to Art.6.1 and Art.8.1 of Patent Law 11/86. State of the Art Report Page 4/4