ES2415985A1 - Procedure of construction of a building and building obtained (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Construction process of a building (1) comprising the following steps: execution of a foundation (2); laying of thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) and of an upper part (4) on which all the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) rest, giving shape to a surrounding structure (14); placing an armor (5) on the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3); opening of recesses (6) in the reinforcement (5), by cutting the reinforcement (5); placing reinforcements (7) of reinforcement in the corners of the recesses (6) of the reinforcement (5); concreting the shell structure (14); execution of the facilities; interior lining placement covering the interior of the enclosing structure (14) and execution of the interior compartmentation, execution of facilities, interior and exterior carpentry, placement of toilets and equipment. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Procedure for building a building and building obtained.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a construction process by which a compact building is constructed and the building constructed by this construction procedure. The invention is applicable in the field of building, especially in the field of residential building.

Technical problem to solve and background of the invention

In the state of the art different methods are known for building construction by means of modules, so that a building is built quickly and economically, reducing execution times with respect to the traditional building.

This way of building by module requires the construction of the modules specifically for each building, which requires specific studies of each building to be built, which implies high costs for these specific studies. From this specific study the requirements for the construction of specific modules are obtained, which assembled during the construction of the building give rise to the building that is desired to be built.

The standardization of the modules, allows the reduction of manufacturing costs, since the modules are constructed by mass production and avoids having to carry out specific studies for each module in the different buildings that you want to build.

Having standardized building modules also reduces the execution period, since a study of the building to be built and the modules to be executed is not necessary for its subsequent placement in a specific position within the building, but that since all modules are the same, it is easier to execute on site.

Description of the invention

The present invention relates to a building construction process comprising the following steps:

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foundation execution;

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placement of thermo-acoustic insulation plates and a top piece on which all thermo-acoustic insulation plates support, giving shape to an enveloping structure;

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placement of a reinforcement on the thermo-acoustic insulation plates;

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opening of gaps in the armor, by cutting the armor;

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placement of reinforcements in the corners of the holes in the reinforcement;

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concreting of the envelope structure;

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installation execution;

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placement of inner lining covering the inside of the wrapping structure;

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execution of interior compartmentalization, execution of interior and exterior carpentry and installation of toilets.

In the construction procedure of a building the concrete of the surrounding structure is carried out in three phases:

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a first phase, in which a lower section is concreted throughout the perimeter of the envelope structure;

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a second phase, in which nerves are concreted from an upper face of the lower section to the upper part;

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a third phase, in which spaces generated between nerves are concreted, from the lower section to the upper part;

In the construction procedure of a building the thermo-acoustic insulation plates are formed by several pieces that are connected together to form the thermo-acoustic insulation plates.

In the construction procedure of a building the concrete is made by shotcrete.

In the construction procedure of a building, the foundation is executed by means of a reinforced concrete slab.

In the construction procedure of a building, the foundation is executed by means of a running shoe.

In the construction procedure of a building the armor is formed by welded mesh.

In the process of building a building, reinforcements comprise steel bars fixed to the frame.

In the construction procedure of a building, reinforcements are fixed to the reinforcement by welding or by tying.

In the execution of the facilities of the construction procedure of a building rubs are executed in the plates of thermo-acoustic insulation.

The rubs executed in the construction procedure of a building are made by torch cutting on the thermo-acoustic insulation plates.

In the construction procedure of a building, the interior cladding is executed by projected plaster.

The building obtained according to the construction procedure comprising a dome-shaped section and a circular plan.

In the building the plant comprises a center in which the elements converge through which the compartmentalization of the building is obtained.

The building comprises an annular corridor located on the outer perimeter of the circular plan that gives access to different rooms of the building.

The building comprises a central distributor through which different rooms of the building are accessed.

Description of the figures

In order to complete the description and in order to help a better understanding of the characteristics of the invention, this descriptive report is attached, as an integral part thereof, a set of drawings in which with an illustrative and non-limiting nature, the next:

Figure 1 shows a view of the first phases of the construction procedure object of the request for

patent, foundation. Figure 2 shows a schematic view of the phase of the construction process of placing plates thermo-acoustic insulation

Figure 3 shows a schematic view of the assembly phase of the construction procedure of the application for

patent. Figure 4 shows a schematic view of the opening phase of holes and reinforcement placement of the construction procedure of the patent application.

Figure 5 shows a schematic view of the concreting phase of the construction process of the

patent request. Figure 6 shows a schematic view of the partitioning phase of the construction procedure of the patent application.

Figure 7 shows a schematic view of the three phases in which the structure concreting is performed envelope of the building object of the patent application. Figure 8 shows a sectional view of the building object of the patent application. Figure 9 shows a side view of the building object of the patent application.

Figure 10 shows a perspective view of the building object of the patent application. Figure 11 shows a plan view of the first embodiment of the building object of the request for patent.

The following is a list of the numerical references used in the represented figures:

1.- building,

2.- foundation,

3.- thermo-acoustic insulation plates,

3 ’.- parts that make up a thermo-acoustic insulation plate,

4.- upper part,

5.- armor,

6.- gaps,

7.- reinforcements,

8.- lower section,

9.- nerves,

10.- spaces,

11.- center,

12.- ring aisle,

14.- envelope structure.

Description of an embodiment of the invention

A description of a preferred embodiment of the invention is described below, referring to the references of the figures.

The object of the present patent application is a constructive procedure of a compact single-family building (1). Said construction process comprises at least the following phases:

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Execution of a foundation (2) (observable in Figure 1), which in a preferred embodiment of the invention is executed by means of a reinforced concrete slab.

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Placement of thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) and an upper part (4) (observable in Figure 2) on which all thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) rest, giving shape to an enveloping structure ( 14) with a circular perimeter. These thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) are used as a formwork lost in the subsequent concreting.

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Placing a reinforcement (5) (observable in Figure 3) on the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3), this reinforcement (5) in the preferred embodiment of the invention is formed by electro-welded mesh.

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Opening of holes (6) in the reinforcement (5), by cutting the welded mesh.

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Placing reinforcements (7) of reinforcement in the corners of the recesses (6) of the reinforcement (5) (observable in Figure 4), said reinforcements (7), in the preferred embodiment of the invention are steel bars.

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Concreting of a first phase, in which a lower section (8) is concreted throughout the perimeter of the envelope structure (14), the concreting, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, is carried out by shotcrete.

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Concreting of a second phase, in which nerves (9) are concreted from the upper face of the lower section (8) to the upper part (4), the concreting, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, is carried out by concrete projected.

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Concreting of a third phase, in which the spaces (10) generated between ribs (9) are concreted, from the lower section (8) to the upper part (4), the concreting, in the preferred embodiment of the invention, is made by shotcrete; With this third phase of concreting, the entire structure (14) is executed.

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Execution of the installations (for example, electricity and plumbing) for the execution of said installations, rubs are made on the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3), said rubs are made by torch cutting on the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) .

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Placement of interior lining covering the rubbing and the interior of the surrounding structure (14) by means of projected plaster or some other type of coating mortar.

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Execution of the interior compartmentalization (observable in figure 6), finishing of installations, execution of interior and exterior carpentry, installation of sanitary ware and painting of the surrounding structure (14).

In the execution of the facilities, the preparation of the envelope structure (14) is included so that the building (1) can have, as an option in its construction, a photovoltaic installation and a rainwater harvesting equipment. Said water utilization equipment has a reservoir and accumulated water chlorination equipment.

The foundation (2) of the preferred embodiment of the invention, in the execution of the first step of the construction process, comprises an assembly and a thickness, which are calculated specifically for each site, according to the results of a geotechnical study of the soil in which the building (1) will be located.

In an alternative embodiment of the foundation (2), said foundation (2) can be carried out by executing a running shoe.

In an alternative embodiment the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) are formed by several pieces (3 ’) that join together, forming the said thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3).

The electrowelded meshes of the reinforcement (5) are formed by two systems of elements, which cross each other perpendicularly and whose contact points are joined by welding, thus forming a grid.

In the placement of the reinforcement (5), spacers between said reinforcement (5) and the thermo-acoustic insulating plates (3) are arranged so that, when the concreting is executed, the reinforcement (5) meets the minimum coating requirements of concrete required by the corresponding legislation (currently the Technical Building Code).

The phase of placing reinforcements (7) in the corners of the holes, (6) in the preferred embodiment of the invention, is carried out by welding steel bars to the reinforcement (5) in a direction such that the bar is placed joining opposite vertices of the grid of the weave mesh (5). In an alternative embodiment of the invention, the reinforcement placement phase (7) is carried out by means of steel bars tied to the reinforcement (5).

The building (1) obtained by the construction process described herein is also the subject of the present patent application.

The building (1) comprises a circular plan and a dome-shaped section.

The building plan (1) comprises a center (11) in which all the partitions converge through which an interior compartmentalisation has been executed, dividing the building (1) into rooms.

The internal compartmentation of the building (1) is variable according to the use to which the building is intended (1), obtaining a different interior distribution of the building (1).

There are at least two embodiments of the building (1) when said building (1) is intended for residential use:

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a first embodiment (observable in figure 11) in which all the rooms of the building (1) are accessible through an annular corridor (12) located in the inner perimeter of the circular plan.

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a second embodiment in which access to the different rooms is made through a central distributor that is accessed through the larger room on the building floor (1).

In the first embodiment of the building (1) intended for residential use, the annular corridor (12) is blocked, blocking the access of some rooms to others, by means of sliding doors.

The invention should not be limited to the particular embodiment described herein. Experts in the field can develop other embodiments in view of the description made here. Accordingly, the scope of the invention is defined by the following claims.

Claims (18)

1.- Construction procedure of a building (1) characterized by comprising the following steps:

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foundation execution (2);

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placement of thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) and an upper part (4) on which all the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) rest, giving shape to an enveloping structure (14);

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placement of a reinforcement (5) on the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3);

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opening of gaps (6) in the armor (5), by cutting the armor (5);

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placement of reinforcements (7) of reinforcement in the corners of the recesses (6) of the reinforcement (5);

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concreting of the envelope structure (14);

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installation execution;

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placement of inner lining covering the inside of the envelope structure (14);

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execution of interior compartmentalization, execution of interior and exterior carpentry and installation of toilets.

2. Construction procedure of a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the concrete of the envelope structure (14) is carried out in three phases:

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concreting of a first phase, in which a lower section (8) is concreted throughout the perimeter of the envelope structure (14);

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concreting of a second phase, in which nerves (9) are concreted from an upper face of the lower section (8) to the upper part (4);

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concreting of a third phase, in which spaces (10) generated between ribs (9) are concreted, from the lower section (8) to the upper part (4);

3. Construction process of a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3) are formed by several pieces (3 ') that are connected to each other to form the insulation plates thermo-acoustic (3). 4. Construction procedure of a building (1) according to any of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the concreting is carried out by shotcrete. 5. Construction procedure of a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation (2) is executed by means of a reinforced concrete slab. 6. Construction procedure of a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the foundation (2) is executed by means of a running shoe. 7. Method of construction of a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcement (5) is formed by welded mesh. 8. Method of building a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the reinforcements (7) comprise steel bars fixed to the frame (5). 9. Method of building a building (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the reinforcements (7) are fixed to the frame (5) by welding. 10. Construction procedure of a building (1) according to claim 8, characterized in that the reinforcements (7) are fixed to the reinforcement (5) by means of tying 11.- Construction procedure of a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that in the execution of the installations rubs are executed in the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3). 12. Construction procedure of a building (1) according to claim 11, characterized in that the friction made in the execution of the installations is carried out by torch cutting in the thermo-acoustic insulation plates (3). 13.- Construction procedure of a building (1) according to claim 1, characterized in that the inner lining is executed by projected plaster. 14. Building (1) obtained according to the construction process of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a dome-shaped section and a circular plan. 15. Building (1) according to claim 14 characterized in that the plant comprises a center (11) in which the elements converge through which the compartmentalization of the building (1) is obtained 16. Building (1) according to any of claims 14 to 15 characterized in that it comprises an annular passage (12) located on the outer perimeter of the circular plan that gives access to different rooms of the building (1). 17. Building (1) according to any of claims 14 to 15 characterized in that it comprises a central distributor (13) through which different rooms of the building (1) are accessed. SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201330039 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 01/16/2013 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: E04B1 / 32 (2006.01) E04B7 / 10 (2006.01) RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

56 Documents cited Claims Affected

X

US 4094110 A (DICKENS LUTHER I et al.) 13.06.1978, column 1, line 30 - column 2, line 11; column 2, line 67 - column 3, line 5; column 3, lines 15-33; column 4, lines 19-35; column 4, line 59 - column 5, line 25; column 6, line 21 - column 7, line 12; column 8, lines 18-33; figures. 1,3-13

Y

14-17

Y

UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles. [Retrieved on 07/16/2013]. Recovered from the internet: <URL: http: //web.archive.org/web/20120616063448/http: //users.design.ucla.edu/~djvmc/24/ bucky / house.html> 14-16

Y

ROUNDHOUSES: Blog about architecture. [Retrieved on 07/16/2013]. Retrieved from the internet: <URL: http: //web.archive.org/web/20120304100500/http: //roundhouses.wordpress.com/ 2012/02/25 / une-petite-maison-ronde /> 17

Y

US 2365145 A (WALLACE NEFF) 12.12.1944, pages 2-3; figures. 1,3-13

Y

US 2009126292 A1 (KITAGAWA KATSUYUKI) 21.05.2009, paragraphs [0097-0100], [0101-0105], [0107-0112]; figures. 1,3-13

TO

AU 5931680 A (DIXON D M) 18.12.1980, page 2, line 16 - page 3, line 14; page 8, line 24 - page 9, line 13; figures. 1-13

TO

FR 2426122 A1 (COTECHNIPP SA) 14.12.1979, page 1, lines 7-14; page 2, lines 12-24; page 2, line 35 - page 3, line 23; page 4, line 11 - page 5, line 37; figures. 1-13

TO

EN 245110 U (NANIA BENVENUTO) 01.03.1980, page 2; page 4, line 17 - page 5, line 8; figures. 1-13

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of realization of the report 16.07.2013

Examiner E. Balsera Porris Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 201330039 Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) E04B, E04H Electronic databases consulted during the search (database name and, if possible, terms of search used) INVENES, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201330039 Date of Completion of Written Opinion: 07/16/2013 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims 1-17 Claims IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims 2 Claims 1,3-17 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201330039  1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

US 4094110 A (DICKENS LUTHER I et al.) 13.06.1978

D02

UCLA: University of California, Los Angeles. [Retrieved on 07/16/2013]. Recovered from the internet: <URL: http: //web.archive.org/web/20120616063448/ http://users.design.ucla.edu/~djvmc/24/bucky/house.html> 06/16/2012

D03

ROUNDHOUSES: Blog about architecture. [Retrieved on 07/16/2013]. Recovered from internet: <URL: http: //web.archive.org/web/20120304100500/ http://roundhouses.wordpress.com/2012/02/25/une-petite-maisonronde/> 04.03.2012

D04

US 2365145 A (WALLACE NEFF) 12.12.1944

D05

US 2009 126292 A1 (KITAGAWA KATSUYUKI) 05/21/2009

D06

AU 5931680 A (DIXON D M) 18.12.1980

D07

FR 2426122 A1 (COTECHNIPP SA) 14.12.1979

D08

ES 245110 U (NANIA BENVENUTO) 01.03.1980

 2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement Document D01, which is considered the most relevant in the state of the art, discloses a construction procedure for a building in which thermo-acoustic insulating plates are placed on a foundation slab, giving shape to an envelope structure on the a reinforcing metal mesh is placed, subsequently applied on said projected concrete envelope, as set forth in claim 1 of the application document. The gaps are executed by joining the window and door units to the "shell" of insulating plates before concreting and cutting off the part of the insulating plate that corresponds to the hole once the concrete of the outer surface has set. Likewise, the execution of facilities, placement of the interior cladding and execution of the interior partitioning of the building is planned. The process of the invention would not differ in any essential characteristic from that disclosed in document D01, except in the use of an upper part on which the heat-insulating plates rest, using in the case of document D01 reinforcement strips, both upper and lateral , with which, in principle, the same technical effect would be achieved, that is, keeping the plates joined together constituting a unitary structure on which the concrete is subsequently projected. Furthermore, the use of this type of key pieces is known in the state of the art in the construction of buildings analogous to that of the invention (see, for example, document D04, item 33, or document D05, item 8), by what could be considered that the technical characteristics of claim 1 are essentially contained in document D01, and therefore, said claim would not imply inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986). As for claims 3 to 13, it could be considered that they contain technical characteristics that would be encompassed in the common general knowledge that a person skilled in the art would possess, within the field of the technique in which the invention is framed, and therefore , would not imply inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986). With respect to claims 14 to 16, in the prior art it is known the configuration in plan for a circular building as claimed (see, for example, document D02 showing the "Dymaxion House" of the designer and engineer Buckminster Fuller, with a plant configuration equivalent to the one claimed). The configuration of the circular plant set forth in claim 17 is also known (see, for example, document D03, in which the architect Gérard Tissoire's project for a circular-plan dwelling is shown). Therefore, claims 14 to 17 would not involve inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986). With regard to the technical characteristics of claim 2, although phase concreting procedures are known in the state of the art, it would not be apparent to a person skilled in the art to apply the characteristics of the cited documents and arrive at the invention as disclosed in claim 2. Therefore, the object of this claim meets the requirements of novelty, inventive activity and industrial application (Art. 6, 8, 9 LP11 / 1986). Documents D04 and D05 could be considered relevant with respect to the inventive activity of claim 1, since a person skilled in the art, in view of said documents, would attempt to combine the main technical characteristics of each of them to obtain the characteristics of claim 1 of the application document and have a reasonable expectation of success. Documents D06 to D08 show the general state of the art. State of the Art Report Page 4/4