ES2388632B1 - Industrialized building system and construction procedure - Google Patents
Industrialized building system and construction procedure Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- ES2388632B1 ES2388632B1 ES201231245A ES201231245A ES2388632B1 ES 2388632 B1 ES2388632 B1 ES 2388632B1 ES 201231245 A ES201231245 A ES 201231245A ES 201231245 A ES201231245 A ES 201231245A ES 2388632 B1 ES2388632 B1 ES 2388632B1
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Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 6
- 239000004570 mortar (masonry) Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000011513 prestressed concrete Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 14
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000000638 solvent extraction Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- DJHCCTTVDRAMEH-DUUJBDRPSA-N alclometasone dipropionate Chemical compound C([C@H]1Cl)C2=CC(=O)C=C[C@]2(C)[C@@H]2[C@@H]1[C@@H]1C[C@@H](C)[C@@](C(=O)COC(=O)CC)(OC(=O)CC)[C@@]1(C)C[C@@H]2O DJHCCTTVDRAMEH-DUUJBDRPSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O diethanolammonium nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O.OCC[NH2+]CCO NRUQNUIWEUZVLI-UHFFFAOYSA-O 0.000 claims 2
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000005192 partition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009415 formwork Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000009435 building construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009417 prefabrication Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
- E04—BUILDING
- E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
- E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
- E04B1/02—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements
- E04B1/04—Structures consisting primarily of load-supporting, block-shaped, or slab-shaped elements the elements consisting of concrete, e.g. reinforced concrete, or other stone-like material
- E04B1/043—Connections specially adapted therefor
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Architecture (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Civil Engineering (AREA)
- Structural Engineering (AREA)
- Joining Of Building Structures In Genera (AREA)
Abstract
Sistema de edificación industrializada y procedimiento de construcción.#Sistema de ejecución de edificación industrializada de una o más plantas formado por paneles prefabricados de hormigón armado o pretensado cuyo ensamblaje se materializa mediante uniones atornilladas sin necesidad de utilizar soldadura ni morteros especiales.Industrialized building system and construction procedure # Industrialized building execution system of one or more plants formed by prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete panels whose assembly is materialized by bolted joints without the need for welding or special mortars.
Description
Sistema de edificación industrializada y procedimiento de construcción. Industrialized building system and construction procedure.
La presente invención se refiere a un sistema prefabricado para ejecución de edificaciones de una o más plantas a base de paneles prefabricados verticales y horizontales de hormigón armado o pretensado, siendo los paneles verticales los que forman las fachadas y paredes de compartimentación y los horizontales los que forman el piso o cubierta de las edificaciones. El ensamblaje de los distintos paneles entre sí se realiza mediante un novedoso sistema de unión atornillada, prescindiendo de cualquier otra conexión en el plano vertical de las juntas tales como soldaduras o morteros habitualmente utilizados en este tipo de edificios. The present invention relates to a prefabricated system for the execution of buildings of one or more plants based on vertical and horizontal prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete panels, with the vertical panels forming the facades and partition walls and the horizontal ones which They form the floor or roof of the buildings. The assembly of the different panels with each other is carried out by means of a novel screw connection system, without any other connection in the vertical plane of the joints such as welds or mortars commonly used in this type of buildings.
Este nuevo sistema pretende reducir considerablemente los costes de ejecución de las estructuras tradicionales de hormigón armado, mejorando considerablemente los plazos de terminación y aportando una mayor seguridad en la obra. This new system aims to significantly reduce the costs of execution of traditional reinforced concrete structures, considerably improving the completion times and providing greater safety on site.
Asimismo, se soluciona el inconveniente de lo costosa y compleja que resulta la ejecución de las distintas uniones de paneles prefabricados de otros sistemas que actualmente existen en el mercado, permitiendo con esta novedosa invención dotar a la estructura de una gran rigidez. Likewise, the inconvenience of the costly and complex that is the execution of the different prefabricated panel joints of other systems that currently exist in the market is solved, allowing with this novel invention to provide the structure with a great rigidity.
Es también objeto de la invención un procedimiento de construcción de edificaciones The object of the invention is also a building construction procedure
La presente invención se engloba dentro del sector de la construcción y más concretamente en la ejecución de estructuras para edificación como pueden ser las viviendas, colegios, guarderías, etc. The present invention is included within the construction sector and more specifically in the execution of building structures such as housing, schools, nurseries, etc.
Actualmente existen dos sistemas para la ejecución de estructuras de hormigón: por un lado estarían las estructuras de hormigón ejecutadas “in situ” y por otro lado las estructuras prefabricadas. There are currently two systems for the execution of concrete structures: on the one hand there would be the concrete structures executed “in situ” and on the other hand the prefabricated structures.
Las estructuras ejecutadas “in situ” son actualmente la forma más extendida para ejecuciones en edificación y se basa en emplear muros y losas de hormigón armado o pretensado como elementos resistentes, hormigonando posteriormente todo el conjunto con la correspondiente losa superior o capa de compresión. Este procedimiento de ejecución es muy laborioso, ya que requiere de un encofrado total o parcial en obra y mucha mano de obra para la colocación de todos los elementos resistentes y encofrados. Con este sistema se consigue un buen funcionamiento estructural, pero es extremadamente lento y provoca numerosos accidentes laborales. The structures executed “in situ” are currently the most widespread form for executions in buildings and is based on using reinforced and prestressed concrete walls and slabs as resistant elements, subsequently concreting the entire assembly with the corresponding upper slab or compression layer. This procedure of execution is very laborious, since it requires a total or partial formwork in work and a lot of labor for the placement of all the resistant elements and formwork. With this system a good structural functioning is achieved, but it is extremely slow and causes numerous occupational accidents.
Las estructuras prefabricadas reducen considerablemente los plazos de ejecución y mejoran la seguridad laboral. Tienen el inconveniente de que las uniones de los distintos elementos prefabricados que la forman son muy caras y laboriosas. Este tipo de uniones suelen ejecutarse mediante placas de acero soldadas entre paneles o mediante hormigones o morteros en fresco. Prefabricated structures considerably reduce execution times and improve occupational safety. They have the disadvantage that the unions of the different prefabricated elements that form it are very expensive and laborious. These types of joints are usually executed by steel plates welded between panels or by concrete or fresh mortar.
El solicitante conoce la existencia de otros sistemas prefabricados para ejecución de edificios como es el caso de la patente con número de publicación WO 2007/069877 que consiste en la prefabricación de una planta completa incluyendo fachadas, compartimentaciones y losas de piso en una sola pieza. Esta solución presenta el inconveniente de tener que movilizar y manipular elevadísimos pesos, encareciéndose el producto final debido el transporte y medios de elevación. The applicant is aware of the existence of other prefabricated systems for the execution of buildings such as the patent with publication number WO 2007/069877, which consists in the prefabrication of a complete plant including facades, compartments and floor slabs in one piece. This solution has the disadvantage of having to mobilize and manipulate very high weights, making the final product more expensive due to transport and lifting means.
La patente con número de publicación ES 2057993 consiste en la ejecución de estructuras prefabricadas a base de paneles portantes cuyas uniones se realizan mediante placas metálicas soldadas entre los distintos paneles, necesitando mano de obra especializada y gran cuantía de acero, encareciéndose el producto final. The patent with publication number ES 2057993 consists of the execution of prefabricated structures based on supporting panels whose joints are made by means of welded metal plates between the different panels, requiring specialized labor and large amounts of steel, making the final product more expensive.
La presente invención presenta una solución prefabricada para ejecutar edificios de una o más plantas a base de paneles prefabricados verticales y horizontales de hormigón armado o pretensado, siendo los paneles verticales los que forman las fachadas y paredes de compartimentación y los horizontales los que forman el piso o cubierta de los edificios. El ensamblaje de los distintos paneles entre sí se realiza mediante un novedoso sistema de unión atornillada, prescindiendo de cualquier otra conexión en el plano vertical de las juntas. Para que dicha unión sea eficiente y suficientemente rígida, los paneles presentan un rebaje en la superficie horizontal de las esquinas superiores en donde queda oculta una pletina de acero en forma de L o T que se atornilla verticalmente uniendo dos The present invention presents a prefabricated solution for executing buildings with one or more plants based on vertical and horizontal prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete panels, with the vertical panels forming the facades and partition walls and the horizontal ones forming the floor. or roof of buildings. The assembly of the different panels with each other is carried out by means of a new screw connection system, without any other connection in the vertical plane of the joints. In order for said joint to be efficient and sufficiently rigid, the panels have a recess in the horizontal surface of the upper corners where an L or T-shaped steel plate is hidden that is screwed vertically joining two
o tres paneles a la vez. or three panels at a time.
Asimismo, los paneles que forman el piso o cubierta están fijados mediante uniones atornilladas a los paneles verticales que forman las paredes exteriores e interiores del edificio dotando al edificio conjunto de una gran rigidez estructural. Likewise, the panels that form the floor or roof are fixed by means of joints screwed to the vertical panels that form the exterior and interior walls of the building, giving the whole building a great structural rigidity.
ES 2 388 632 Al ES 2 388 632 Al
También es muy importante mencionar que los paneles no necesitan ser apuntalados, excepto el primero, en el momento de la ejecución, ya que antes de que la grúa haya soltado el panel, éste ya se atornilla al panel previamente montado, reduciendo por consiguiente los plazos de montaje y los costes de materiales auxiliares y mano de obra. It is also very important to mention that the panels do not need to be propped up, except the first one, at the time of execution, since before the crane has released the panel, it is already screwed to the previously assembled panel, thereby reducing the deadlines of assembly and the costs of auxiliary materials and labor.
El sistema de ejecución de edificación industrializada para una o más plantas objeto de esta invención está formado por paneles prefabricados verticales y horizontales de hormigón armado o pretensado, siendo los paneles verticales los que forman las fachadas y paredes de compartimentación y los horizontales los que forman el piso o cubierta de los edificios. The industrialized building execution system for one or more plants object of this invention is formed by vertical and horizontal prefabricated reinforced or prestressed concrete panels, with the vertical panels forming the façades and partition walls and the horizontal ones forming the floor or roof of buildings.
Los paneles de fachada y compartimentación presentan un rebaje en la superficie horizontal de las esquinas superiores en donde queda oculta una pletina de acero en forma de L o T que se atornilla verticalmente uniendo dos The façade and compartmentalisation panels have a recess in the horizontal surface of the upper corners where an L or T-shaped steel plate is hidden that is screwed vertically joining two
o tres paneles verticales a la vez, prescindiendo de cualquier otra conexión en el plano vertical de las juntas tales como soldaduras o morteros. or three vertical panels at the same time, regardless of any other connection in the vertical plane of the joints such as welds or mortars.
Posteriormente se colocan los paneles horizontales que forman el suelo o cubierta del edificio que presentan unos orificios pasantes a lo largo del canto en la zona del apoyo sobre los paneles verticales, en donde se atornilla verticalmente una pletina que une dos paneles horizontales consecutivos conjuntamente con los paneles verticales en los cuales se apoyan. Subsequently, the horizontal panels that form the floor or roof of the building that have through holes are placed along the edge in the area of the support on the vertical panels, where a plate is joined vertically that joins two consecutive horizontal panels together with the vertical panels on which they rest.
Estos paneles horizontales son más anchos en la parte inferior que en la superior, formando una cavidad longitudinal que se rellena posteriormente con hormigón o mortero vertido en obra que le confiere al conjunto una gran resistencia frente a solicitaciones horizontales como las derivadas de la acción del viento. These horizontal panels are wider at the bottom than at the top, forming a longitudinal cavity that is subsequently filled with concrete or mortar poured on site that gives the whole a great resistance against horizontal solicitations such as those derived from wind action .
Finalmente y como opción, se puede verter una capa de hormigón en obra sobre toda la superficie horizontal. Finally and as an option, you can pour a layer of concrete on site over the entire horizontal surface.
Es también objeto de la invención un procedimiento de construcción de edificaciones industrializadas que consiste en: The object of the invention is also a process of construction of industrialized buildings consisting of:
- --
- unión entre sí de al menos dos paneles verticales de fachada y compartimentación mediante pletinas de acero en forma de L o T -colocación de los paneles horizontales que constituyen los paneles de suelo o cubierta del edificio -atornillado vertical de la, al menos una pletina que une dos paneles horizontales consecutivos conjuntamente con los paneles verticales donde se apoyan. -formación de una cavidad longitudinal entre cada dos paneles horizontales consecutivos al ser estos paneles horizontales mas anchos en la parte inferior que en la parte superior -rellenado con hormigón o mortero de las cavidades longitudinales formadas entre cada dos paneles horizontales joining together at least two vertical façade panels and compartmentalisation by means of L-shaped or T-shaped steel plates -location of the horizontal panels that constitute the building's floor or roof panels -screwed vertical of the, at least one plate that joins two consecutive horizontal panels together with the vertical panels where they are supported. -formation of a longitudinal cavity between each two consecutive horizontal panels as these horizontal panels are wider in the lower part than in the upper part -filled with concrete or mortar of the longitudinal cavities formed between each two horizontal panels
Para completar la descripción que se está realizando, con el objeto de ayudar a una mejor comprensión de sus características, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva, un juego de figuras en las cuales, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente: To complete the description that is being made, in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, a descriptive set is attached to the present specification, in which, as an illustration and not limitation, the following has been represented :
La Figura 1 muestra una perspectiva del sistema en su conjunto. Figure 1 shows a perspective of the system as a whole.
La Figura 2 muestra una perspectiva de los paneles verticales con los rebajes en su parte superior. Figure 2 shows a perspective of the vertical panels with the recesses in their upper part.
La Figura 3 muestra un detalle de las uniones de paneles verticales. Figure 3 shows a detail of the vertical panel joints.
La Figura 4 muestra una perspectiva del conjunto de una planta con paneles verticales y horizontales. Figure 4 shows a perspective of the whole of a plant with vertical and horizontal panels.
La Figura 5 muestra un detalle de uniones con pletinas y tornillos entre paneles verticales y horizontales. Figure 5 shows a detail of joints with plates and screws between vertical and horizontal panels.
La Figura 6 muestra un detalle de la junta entre paneles horizontales. Figure 6 shows a detail of the joint between horizontal panels.
En el ejemplo de realización mostrado en la Figura 1, se observa una estructura formada por paneles prefabricados verticales (1) y horizontales (2) de hormigón armado o pretensado, siendo los paneles verticales (1) los que forman las fachadas y paredes de compartimentación y los horizontales (2) los que forman el piso o cubierta de las edificaciones. Los paneles de fachada y compartimentación (1) presentan un rebaje (3) en la superficie horizontal de las esquinas In the example of embodiment shown in Figure 1, a structure formed by prefabricated vertical (1) and horizontal (2) reinforced or prestressed concrete panels is observed, with the vertical panels (1) being the facades and partitioning walls and the horizontal ones (2) those that form the floor or roof of the buildings. The facade and compartmentalisation panels (1) have a recess (3) in the horizontal surface of the corners
ES 2 388 632 Al ES 2 388 632 Al
superiores en donde queda oculta una pletina de acero (4) en forma de L o T que fija al hormigón mediante tornillos upper where is hidden a steel plate (4) in the form of L or T that fixed to the concrete by screws
(6) verticales uniendo dos o tres paneles verticales (1) a la vez, prescindiendo de cualquier otra conexión en el plano vertical de las juntas tales como soldaduras o morteros. (6) vertical joining two or three vertical panels (1) at the same time, without any other connection in the vertical plane of the joints such as welds or mortars.
5 Posteriormente se colocan los paneles horizontales (2) que forman el suelo o cubierta del edificio, los cuales presentan unos orificios pasantes a lo largo del canto en la zona del apoyo sobre los paneles verticales (1), en donde se atornilla verticalmente una pletina (5) que une dos paneles horizontales (2) consecutivos conjuntamente con los paneles verticales (1) en donde se apoyan. 5 Subsequently, the horizontal panels (2) that form the floor or roof of the building are placed, which have through holes along the edge in the area of the support on the vertical panels (1), where a plate is screwed vertically (5) that joins two consecutive horizontal panels (2) together with the vertical panels (1) where they rest.
10 Estos paneles horizontales (2) son más anchos en la parte inferior que en la superior, formando una cavidad longitudinal (7) que se rellena posteriormente con hormigón o mortero vertido en obra que le confiere al conjunto una gran resistencia frente a solicitaciones horizontales son las derivadas de la acción del viento del viento. 10 These horizontal panels (2) are wider at the bottom than at the top, forming a longitudinal cavity (7) that is subsequently filled with concrete or mortar poured on site that gives the whole a great resistance against horizontal solicitations. those derived from the wind action of the wind.
ES 2 388 632 Al ES 2 388 632 Al
Claims (8)
- (2)(2)
- tal como los paneles de suelo o cubierta del edificio presentan unos orificios pasantes a lo largo del canto en la zona del apoyo sobre los paneles verticales en donde fija al menos una pletina (5), uniendo dos paneles horizontales just like the building's floor or roof panels have through holes along the edge in the area of the support on the vertical panels where it fixes at least one plate (5), joining two horizontal panels
- (2)(2)
- consecutivos conjuntamente con los paneles verticales (1) en los que se apoyan. consecutive together with the vertical panels (1) on which they rest.
- Categoría Category
- 56 Documentos citados Reivindicaciones afectadas 56 Documents cited Claims Affected
- X X
- US 3706168 A (PILISH) 19.12.1972, 1-7 US 3706168 A (PILISH) 19.12.1972, 1-7
- resumen; columna 5, línea 1 – columna 6, línea 63; figuras 1,2,6-11. summary; column 5, line 1 - column 6, line 63; Figures 1,2,6-11.
- A TO
- CA 759688 A (ROBITAILLE EDOUARD) 30.05.1967, 1 CA 759688 A (ROBITAILLE EDOUARD) 30.05.1967, one
- página 3, líneas 22-33; figura 1. page 3, lines 22-33; Figure 1.
- X X
- US 4030262 (DEAN ALMETA) 21.06.1977, 1,5 US 4030262 (DEAN ALMETA) 21.06.1977, 1.5
- columna 1, línea 46 – columna 2, línea 24; figuras 3-6. column 1, line 46 - column 2, line 24; Figures 3-6.
- A TO
- FR 1101308 A (MAJOUREL) 05.10.1955, 1-3 FR 1101308 A (MAJOUREL) 05.10.1955, 1-3
- página 2, columna izquierda-mitad de la columna derecha; figuras 1-5,8,10-12. page 2, left-middle column of the right column; Figures 1-5,8,10-12.
- A TO
- US 3372519 A (RUSSELL) 12.03.1968, 1-3 US 3372519 A (RUSSELL) 12.03.1968, 1-3
- columna 1, líneas 11-17; figuras. column 1, lines 11-17; figures.
- Categoría de los documentos citados X: de particular relevancia Y: de particular relevancia combinado con otro/s de la misma categoría A: refleja el estado de la técnica O: referido a divulgación no escrita P: publicado entre la fecha de prioridad y la de presentación de la solicitud E: documento anterior, pero publicado después de la fecha de presentación de la solicitud Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application
- El presente informe ha sido realizado • para todas las reivindicaciones • para las reivindicaciones nº: This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:
- Fecha de realización del informe 02.10.2012 Date of realization of the report 02.10.2012
- Examinador M. Sánchez Robles Página 1/4 Examiner M. Sánchez Robles Page 1/4
- Novedad (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986) Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 2-4,6,7 1,5 SI NO Claims Claims 2-4.6.7 1.5 IF NOT
- Actividad inventiva (Art. 8.1 LP11/1986) Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)
- Reivindicaciones Reivindicaciones 1-7 SI NO Claims Claims 1-7 IF NOT
- Documento Document
- Número Publicación o Identificación Fecha Publicación Publication or Identification Number publication date
- D01 D01
- US 3706168 A (PILISH) 19.12.1972 US 3706168 A (PILISH) 19.12.1972
- D02 D02
- CA 759688 A (ROBITAILLE EDOUARD) 30.05.1967 CA 759688 A (ROBITAILLE EDOUARD) 05/30/1967
- D03 D03
- US 4030262 (DEAN ALMETA) 21.06.1977 US 4030262 (DEAN ALMETA) 06/21/1977
- D04 D04
- FR 1101308 A (MAJOUREL) 05.10.1955 FR 1101308 A (MAJOUREL) 05.10.1955
- D05 D05
- US 3372519 A (RUSSELL) 12.03.1968 US 3372519 A (RUSSELL) 12.03.1968
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201231245A ES2388632B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | Industrialized building system and construction procedure |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
ES201231245A ES2388632B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | Industrialized building system and construction procedure |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
ES2388632A1 ES2388632A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
ES2388632B1 true ES2388632B1 (en) | 2013-10-04 |
Family
ID=46932470
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
ES201231245A Expired - Fee Related ES2388632B1 (en) | 2012-08-01 | 2012-08-01 | Industrialized building system and construction procedure |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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ES (1) | ES2388632B1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CN111648464B (en) * | 2020-05-27 | 2022-02-01 | 查晓雄 | Plate-structure prefabricated house utilizing corner parts for connecting force transmission and energy consumption |
Family Cites Families (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA759688A (en) * | 1967-05-30 | Robitaille Edouard | Construction de semelle et de mur de fondation en beton | |
FR1101308A (en) * | 1954-03-20 | 1955-10-05 | Construction process using prefabricated elements | |
US3372519A (en) * | 1965-10-23 | 1968-03-12 | Lockheed Aircraft Corp | Intersecting, modular barrier clamp joint |
US3706168A (en) * | 1970-09-15 | 1972-12-19 | Pennstar Co | Prefabricated buildings |
US4030262A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1977-06-21 | Dean Almeta C | Building panel connector assembly and the like |
-
2012
- 2012-08-01 ES ES201231245A patent/ES2388632B1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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Publication number | Publication date |
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ES2388632A1 (en) | 2012-10-17 |
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