ES2402476B2 - PLATE FOR WATERPROOFING AND INTEGRAL INSULATION OF SOILS, WALLS AND CONSTRUCTION COVERS, AND APPLICATION SYSTEM IN WORKS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Plate for waterproofing and integral insulation of floors, walls and roofs of construction, constituted from a plate of cellular plastic, ideally extruded polystyrene, with transverse holes throughout its surface, covered by polymeric cementitious mortar until filling all its holes and creating a fiberglass reinforced layer on the supporting side of the exterior finishing materials, and a layer with a plurality of frustoconical projections on the opposite face of anchoring to the wall or application wall, which when overlapping with others by tongue and groove coupling for form support panels, delimits an internal insulating chamber that allows the flow of wastewater and air circulation. It allows to create insulating-draining systems of high compression resistance in buildings, offering a global solution to moisture problems, whether by filtration, condensation or capillary ascension.

Description

P1a ca for waterproofing and integral islanding

of floors, walls and roofs, and

s

s i stema of application in works.

As the title follows, the purpose of this

invention is a plate for waterproofing and

integral thermal insulation of floors and walls of

10

construction, as well as the application system at

works, in their different constructive variants.

This new plate is constituted from a

plastic cell plate, ideally polystyrene

fifteen

extruded, with transverse perforations that already

served as a preferred embodiment of a panel of

patented coating against capillary dampness

the same applicant, which is now completely covered

with a layer of special polymer cementitious mortar

twenty

until you fill all your holes and create an armed layer

with fiberglass on the side intended for

support of exterior finishing materials, and a

mortar layer with a plurality of highlights

Trunk conical on the opposite side of the plate anchor

25

to the wall or wall of application, that when the plate

flap with other of them by female machi coupling

to form panels or support screens, delimits a

inner watertight chamber, which allows water flow

residual and air circulation.

30

A new prefabricated structure is thus achieved

to be applied on walls and walls of

construction, creating high insulating draining systems

compressive strength inside walls and

floors, which ensures thermal insulation and integral waterproofing of buildings, offering a global solution to moisture problems, whether by filtration, condensation or capillary ascension.

The technical field of the invention is, therefore, that of construction in general, within what is the waterproofing and thermal insulation of buildings both indoors and outdoors.

STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE.

Moisture and thermal insulation in construction are old and well-known problems that do not yet have a complete and satisfactory solution.

It is evident that the heat in summer and the cold in winter can only be reduced partly inside the buildings with conventional materials and insulators, and that the humidity, when it exists in the outdoor environment, has no limits, penetrates and filters through any place of houses and buildings, creating disappearing environments and affecting the aesthetics and integrity of the structures.

Humidity has always been an inconvenience because of the three general types that exist: (a) moisture from leaks, either from rain, accidents or construction, (b) soil or capillary humidity, and (c) condensation humidity, each one is due to different phenomena, and there is no universal treatment to be applied.

Filtration moisture is the best known. It manifests itself in areas where it rains with wind, where water falls horizontally, wetting the walls and walls of buildings, and producing leaks, and may also be due to accidents, from domestic to natural disasters, and to the construction sites themselves, in those that depending on the climatic conditions, the residual water can take weeks or months to dry, filtering and being retained in the materials, and then appearing in the form of different pathologies such as efflorescence and chipping.

Filtration generally begins on the horizontal surfaces of buildings, such as roofs and terraces, and then continues on walls, walls and vertical walls. Humidities are often found in basement wall meetings with the floor and the upper floor, as well as in constructive joints between different elements, due to breakage of the enclosures or finishes, and in places where installations pass.

The soil or capillary humidity is that which is produced in land where there is water permanently, affecting the ground floor or the first floor of the building. It is because construction materials absorb water from the ground through foundations or walls. This ascends through the network of capillaries of the walls to heights that will depend on the size of the capillaries, their shape and structure, the atmospheric pressure and the electrical potential of the wall facing the water.

Condensation humidity is a phenomenon due to the low temperatures, the internal cold that occurs below the dew temperature (-2 ° C), which causes

that the water vapor contained inside the buildings condenses on the walls and inside walls of the enclosure. Of the two subtypes in which this type of moisture is divided, the surface, on the outside of the walls, and the interstitial, on the inside, is the second most dangerous and the most difficult to detect of all.

Interstitial condensation moisture occurs when condensation occurs within the wall, which depends mainly on the insulation of the structure envelope. Water vapor always goes from the inside out, from the hottest to the coldest part, so try to penetrate the wall from the inside out, and if there is no adequate insulation, at some point you will find an area at dew temperature and there it will condense.

The fact is that, either by water leaks, by capillary ascension or by condensations, the walls and floors of houses and buildings in general are

exposed

to humidities and flows from Water that deteriorate the

structures

Y believe a ambient desap acible in its

inside.

Traditional solutions to these moisture problems in buildings, especially in spaces with serious problems in their interiors, such as bathrooms, kitchens, low walls and walls, etc., have been given by the well-known plates or anti-humidity plates, which are manufactured with micronized plaster or cement, and are subjected to special treatments to repel water.

This waterproofing system is used both outdoors and indoors, since the plates can be painted and tiled. On facades, the anti-humidity plates resist the effects of wind and rain, while inside the house they prevent the appearance of stains, as well as the formation of fungi and mold on the walls and ceilings, but in this case they require a thorough sealing of the joints and provide expansion joints to allow the expansion of the plates if necessary. In any case, this system does not solve the problem of condensation inside the walls, due to leaks coming from outside, or due to the humidity and condensation that can be cast from inside when the plates are installed on the facades, and It has never been a solution to the problem of hair moisture, due to the so-called "chimney effect", which makes the humidity rise further through the wall.

A more recent alternative to building dampness is based on the waterproofing polymeric screens, that is, on the known polymeric panels, which, given their insulating properties, act as a barrier for moisture absorption in the walls where they are located, even in front of them. to the interior humidities already absorbed by the water coming from the subsoil or through which it flows through different places, due to its tendency to reverse the potential difference between floor and wall

inside

from the walls, opposing to the ascent Y

spread of the

humidity by he phenomenon from electro

osmosis

Thus, in recent years the use of expanded polystyrene plates or similar materials with good sound insulation coefficient has proliferated, in

both thermal and acoustic insulation of buildings. In fact, there are several patents on expanded polystyrene panels and panels that, assuming said insulating properties of the material, are intended to solve the difficult placement on site of them, due to their low surface adhesion with pastes and mortars, by integrating the panels of elements and devices that facilitate their mechanical fixation to the supports, such as plastic meshes, or conveniently designed openings or projections (invention patent with publication number ES2015411, and utility models ESI068365U and ESI068523U, among others).

In any case, polymeric panels are not the usual proposal of the market against rising humidities. In the matter of capillary humidities, except for a previous development of the applicant of the present patent mentioned below, the most effective techniques are based on the phenomenon of electroosmosis, through systems that achieve in different ways to reverse the sense of the potential difference between walls and floors, through the iteration of metal electrodes, earthing, electrical circuits and other additional devices that are inserted in holes made in the walls or underground (patents ES8l06576A3 "Electrosmotic system against capillary moisture in walls" and ES2029133T3 "Device against moisture capillary rises to dry the walls ", and utility model ESlOl3212U" Device for drying walls ").

As all these facilities require periodic maintenance, the now applicant gave a different solution to the problem of humidity

ascending, protected by the utility model with publication number ES1063806U, by coating the walls and walls with a novel insulating polymeric panel of the type mentioned, but perforated in its structure by a plurality of transverse cylindrical holes, and covered by the opposite side to that of anchoring in the wall or wall with a fine mineral fiber fabric and a very porous special mortar layer, useful as reinforcement reinforcement for the mortar applied to the finished finish. The perforated structure of the panel channels the flow of water that rises by the effect of capillary absorption towards the interior of

the

cavities, where be favors a fast evaporation

of the

Water , So how the recrystallization ion from the you go out

dissolved.

However, what is currently demanded by the construction sector are solutions that jointly and satisfactorily solve the problems of thermal and moisture insulation in buildings, be they moisture by filtration, condensation or capillarity, and this without prejudice of the integrity and consistency of the floors and walls where they are applied.

The present invention has precisely that purpose. From one of the perforated polymer sheets that serve as the basis for the known insulating cladding panels against capillary dampness of the said utility model of the same inventor, a new structure in the form of plates or support slabs has been developed to be applied on the walls and walls of construction, creating insulating draining systems with high compression resistance in the

inside

from walls and floors, what assures the

impermeab

ilizaci on Y isolation integral from the

buildings

.

This novel support plate has been achieved by coating with a special polymeric mortar a perforated sheet of extruded pOliestiereno of the previous type, until saturation of its holes, and creating two types of structural configurations on each side: a layer of said mortar reinforced with fiber of glass on the supporting side of the exterior finish materials, and a mortar layer with a plurality of protuberances on the face of anchoring to the wall or wall of application, which delimits a sealed chamber through which the residual water drains and circulates the air.

This structure is currently unparalleled. Conducted an indicative search for patents in the SPTO's Young database, only one document has been found concerning an insulating construction element based on extruded polystyrene panels that can constitute an insulating-draining system; It is the utility model ESI052607U "Interior insulation plate for walls, floors and roofs", but it is an essentially different plate, since they are not plates consolidated with mortar and fiberglass, but the lugs that make separators are an integral part from the polystyrene panel itself, which has no holes.

Therefore, the plates and system of waterproofing and insulation recommended is considered an important innovation in its technical field, deserving of the patent right.

THE INVENTION.

The aforementioned plates that serve as the basis for the waterproofing and interior insulation of floors and construction walls, are of the type of plates or slabs that have a polygonal flattened shape, normally rectangular, with stepped and complementary recesses on their lateral sides to allow coupling tongue and groove between them, and thus be able to be placed in the works constituting panels or screens covering the surfaces.

The plate object of the invention is characterized by being constituted from a cellular plastic plate perforated by a plurality of transverse holes uniformly distributed over its entire surface, which serves as the base as a preferred embodiment of the panels against capillary dampness. of the same inventor

(utility model published ESl063806U), now covered by the face provided for the support of the exterior material on site of a layer of polymeric mortar reinforced with fiberglass fabric, which is not visible to the naked eye because it is integrated in the layer, and coated on the opposite side, that of anchoring to the wall or wall of application, by a layer of polymeric mortar that completely saturating said transverse holes, presents a plurality of protrusions or projections as a solid pivot of equal shape and size, uniformly distributed throughout its base, which is in turn covered with a layer of anti-vapor protection to ensure insulating capacity.

The polymeric mortar that fills the perforated polystyrene panels ensures the homogeneity and consistency of the plates, providing them with strong compressive strength, and the protrusions or projections formed with the surrounding mortar by the anchor base act as distance elements thereof once coupled with respect to the corresponding support surface, creating an air chamber that confers the draining capacity of the system resulting from its application, by allowing the evacuation of the water flowing through the construction finishes, and enhances its insulating capacity in dry environments, at

allow air circulation through the interior of the installation wall or wall.

In the usual embodiment of this plates, the cellular plastic of the base plates is extruded polystyrene, the transverse holes that pierce them are cylindrical, the polymeric mortar that saturates said holes and covers the panels is a cementitious, cement-based mortar, sand and epoxy resin as main components, and the protrusions created on the anchoring face of the plates are of truncated conical configuration, protected by a vapor barrier. The new developed plate allows to create systems of waterproofing and integral insulation of floors and walls of construction.

In the case of its application to building floors, the component plates are integrated in the ground anchored on the base wall by the face with projections, either directly or on an intermediate layer of projected mortar, the anchoring means being screws

with plastic toilets impregnated with waterproof liquid

that

go through the plates by the zones free from

Highlights

By coupling tongue and groove between plates be

get

to form wide p that serving from lift to the

top layer of self-leveling mortar, optionally reinforced with metal mesh, and to the conventional floor finish coating, such as tiles, stoneware, wood or carpet.

To form watertight support plates, it is important to seal the tongue and groove joints between plates with sealing putty, which also ensures their overlap. It is also necessary to impregnate the anchors with impermeable liquid, in order to create a tightness in the mechanical connection of the plates to the wall or support wall.

In order to improve the drainage function of the system applied to floors, the installation of a perimeter duct of square section to the space delimited by the plates of plates, placed along the square formed by the wall of the wall is provided as an additional internal component base and the wall or vertical wall, below the floor finish covering, which this duct is provided with grilles on the side that faces the air chamber determined by the lower protrusions of the anchored plates to the support surface, it receives and conducts the water that flows through the air chamber.

The system also finds application in the waterproofing and isolation of radiant heating floors. To do this, it is recommended to place the panels on the support face of the component plates

perforated extruded polystyrene that constitutes the soul of the same, with a fine mineral fiber fabric attached directly to its surface, above the

drills The network of hot water pipes or carbon fiber fixtures extends over this support fabric, depending on the type of radiant floor, before being covered by the top layer of self-leveling mortar that supports the finishing of the floor.

In the case of its application to building walls, the component plates are integrated in the wall anchored on the wall or enclosure wall by the face with projections, either directly or on an intermediate layer of projected mortar, with the same

media

from anchorage, to base from screws with toj i

plastics

impregnated from liquid waterproof that

go through

the pl acas by the zones free from highlights,

to form plates by tongue and groove coupling between plates, ensuring its sealing with sealing putty applied to the joints. These waterproof plates of plates serve as support for the outer plaster layer, optionally fixed on anti-cracking wall mesh, and for the conventional coating of wall plastering, such as lime, plaster and / or paint.

In this case, the insulating function of the system can be improved by providing as an additional internal component of two horizontal L-profile metal grilles with fixing end tabs on the top and bottom of the application wall, fixed along the sides perpendicular to the squares formed by the wall or vertical wall and the upper and lower floor slabs, above the upper side of the upper end plate sequence, and by

under the lower side of the plate sequence of the lower end, which facilitates the flow of air through the chamber determined by the internal protuberances of the plate cover anchored to the supporting surface of the entire wall.

The technical advantages provided by the present invention are evident from its description. They are derived from having a new insulating and resistant plate that allows to create systems of waterproofing and integral thermal insulation of floors and walls of construction, offering a global solution to moisture problems of different types of buildings, either by water leaks , by condensation or by capillary ascension.

The interior screens created with the extruded polystyrene plates as a base component, given the insulating properties of this material, act as a barrier against water seepage and moisture absorption in the walls and application walls, also reducing the effects of moisture capillaries, due to their tendency to reverse the potential difference between floor and interior wall of the walls. But also, in this case, the air chamber created on the support surface of the plates with the projections of the polymeric mortar surrounding the extruded polystyrene sheets that constitute them, constitutes a draining system of the waters that always end up flowing through the interior walls and walls in extreme conditions, without penetrating into buildings, avoid the phenomenon of moisture by condensation, since the air chamber acts as an insulating barrier against the outside environment, without reaching the temperature of dew on

inside the wall, and enhances the thermal insulation capacity of floors and walls when the environment is dry, by allowing air circulation through its interior, which is the best known insulator, and all based on a rigid and resistant structure, applicable even for floors where road traffic circulates, and without generating problems of defective adhesion of finishing materials, as for example with the classic expanded polystyrene panels, due to the fiberglass reinforced mortar coating of the lift face of the new plates ensures proper adhesion of the self-leveling mortar or exterior plaster.

This new waterproofing and insulation system is used for all conventional floor finishes, whether for residential or industrial use, allowing even as traffic has been said. It also finds great utility in radiant heating, where hot water pipes and electrical resistors are placed on the slabs of invention, above supplementary sheets of extruded polystyrene and below the floor finish.

Drawings and drawings.

For the best understanding of the structure of the developed plate and the way in which, overlapping with others, it is integrated into the interior of floors and walls to constitute the various waterproofing and thermal insulation systems, it is accompanied at the end of this report. Descriptive the following figures!

Figure 1: Perspective view of the plate in question, with the lateral recesses for its tongue and groove coupling, sectioned by the area near its end to appreciate the extruded polystyrene sheet that serves as the basis for the polymeric mortar filling.

Figure 2: Sectional view of two overlapping plates and anchored to the application wall, in which the anchoring system, the anti-humidity paint layer of the base with truncated ridges, and the air chamber delimited between it and the surface can be seen support.

Figure 3: Perspective view of the different elements of a waterproofing and soil isolation system using the plates in question, with arrows indicating the direction of water flow and air circulation through the microchambers created.

Figure 4: Perspective view of the system of waterproofing and isolation of previous floors, but including perimetral conduit for water evacuation.

Figure

5 : View in perspective of the system previous

with

conduit perimeter from evacuation, applied to ground

radiant,

in he that be appreciate the irons from

polystyrene as additional support.

Figure 6: Perspective view of the different elements of a waterproofing and insulation system of walls or walls using the plates in question.

Figure 7: Perspective view of the waterproofing and wall insulation system including upper and lower air circulation grilles.

EXECUTION MODE.

Based on the previous figures, the embodiment of the invention is explained below, first describing the manufacturing process of the insulating plates and then commenting on some details of the installation process in the works.

Plate manufacturing.

The manufacturing process of the invention plates is carried out through an assembly train.

It starts from stacked extruded polyethylene sheets (1), previously stamped to an agreed size, that move along the assembly train thanks to a series of rollers and an initial pusher that pushes the bottom plate of the stack, which in turn pushes grilled ahead, and so on.

In a first station, the transverse cylindrical holes (2) are made by means of a pneumatic perforator that makes the holes as the plates move forward, positioning them evenly on their surface.

In a second station the plates are placed inside molds with adequate shape to achieve the truncated conical reliefs of the base (5), and the layer of special polymeric mortar (3) is applied, which deposits fluid

through a hopper to completely saturate the cylindrical holes of each plate and the hollows of the mold, and then a thin fiberglass fabric is spread over the upper mortar layer of the plates, which is integrated into them by way of of armor when the mortar solidifies.

The next station consists of drying the plates through a series of auxiliary dryers, and removing the molds.

Finally, a layer of anti-vapor protection (6) is applied superficially to the plates on their faces with pivots or projections (5).

The plates obtained are rectangular in shape with measures suitable for use, 2500 x 500 mm in surface and 20 mm thick, with saturated cylindrical mortar drills, evenly spaced thereto.

distance

between yes The pivots conical trunk is it so

apart

the same distance between yes in lines

parallel

to the edges of the plate.

Installation of the plates.

From the detailed description made on the way in which the developed plates are integrated into the floors and walls of the buildings to constitute the claimed waterproofing and insulation system, it is perfectly clear what is the process of installing the plates in the works in their Main constructive variants. However, some aspects of the process are discussed below in reference to the drawings provided.

.

We can start by saying that the present waterproofing and insulation system is specially designed to be applied during the design and construction of buildings, due to the lower cost involved and the greater efficiency of the system itself.

Both in its application to floors and walls of buildings, the component plates (1) are integrated in them anchored on the walls (15) or base walls (7) by the faces with projections (5) that will create a camera of air (17) I either directly or on an intermediate layer of sprayed mortar (8). The plates are positioned and overlap by tongue and groove coupling between them. To anchor it to the support surface, plastic cushions of specific design are inserted on the external face, which already have the screw attached to the support, impregnated with impermeable liquid (9). The tojinos must penetrate the areas of the plate free of projections, until the head of the screws is butt by the external face. The tongue and groove joints between plates (10) must be sealed with anti-humidity putty cords, to ensure the tightness of the resulting surface panels, which support the upper layers of mortar (11) 1 optionally reinforced with metal mesh (12) in the case of floors, or with anti-cracking reinforcement meshes (19) in the case of walls, and the conventional finishing coating thereof.

When the system is applied to radiant heating floors, the perforated extruded polystyrene sheets (l) that constitute the core of them must be placed on the component plates, with a fine mineral fiber fabric attached directly to its surface, on

which extends the pipe network or resistance

features

from bliss heating, that will remain

integrated

in the top layer from mortar self-leveling

(eleven) .

The system provides for the installation of a square section perimeter conduit (14) to the area of the ground delimited by the plate plates, in order to improve its draining function of the collected waters, and rejil the horizontal metal profiles in L profile by the upper and lower part of the application walls, in order to facilitate the circulation of air and improve its insulating function, all as described.

In the case of using the plates integrated in the wall of the building, these are anchored on the wall or wall of enclosure (lS) by its face with projections (S), either directly or on an intermediate layer of projected mortar (8), by means of the screws with plastic pipes impregnated with impermeable liquid (9), which will pass through the plates through the areas free of projections, to form watertight panels or screens by tongue and groove coupling between plates with sealing putty in their joints (10 ), which will support the outer plaster layer (18), optionally fixed on anti-cracking wall mesh

(19), and to the conventional coating of wall plastering (20), such as lime, plaster and / or paint, thus leaving a wall with conventional exterior appearance.

Claims (7)

one . Plate for waterproofing and integral insulation of

floors, walls and roofs of construction, of the type of

5

polygonal surface plates or slabs, usually

rectangular, with stepped and complementary recesses

on its lateral sides to allow coupling

tongue and groove between them, characterized by

be constituted from a plastic plate

10

cellular (1) perforated by a plurality of holes

transversal (2) uniformly distributed throughout its

surface, covered by the face of support of the

outer material of a cementitious mortar layer

polymer reinforced with fiberglass fabric (3) J Y

fifteen

covered by the wall anchoring face or wall of

application of a layer of polymeric mortar (4) that

saturating compl et ament e these holes, presents a

plurality of protrusions or projections (5) by way of

solid pivots of equal shape and size uniformly

twenty

distributed throughout its base, which is in turn

covered with a layer of anti-vapor protection (6),

said protuberances acting as elements

spacers of the plates themselves once coupled with

respect for the corresponding support surface, creating

25

an air chamber (17).

2 . Plate for waterproofing and integral insulation of

floors, walls and roofs, according to

previous claim, characterized in that the plastic

JO

The base plate's cell is extruded polystyrene,

because the transverse holes (2) that pierce it

they have a cylindrical shape, because the cementitious mortar

polymer that saturates these holes and covers the

JO

griddle

is a mortar to base from cement, sand Y resin

epoxy

how components main, Y why the

bumps

(5) created in the face from anchorage from the

plates

They are from setting trunk

3 . Waterproofing and insulation system of building floors using the plates object of the first two claims, characterized in that the component plates are integrated in the floor of the building anchored on the base part (7) by the faces with projections, either directly or on an intermediate layer of projected mortar (8), the anchoring means being screws with plastic soaps impregnated with impermeable liquid (9) that cross the plates through the areas free of projections, to form watertight panels or screens by coupling tongue and groove between plates with sealing putty in their joints (10), which support the upper layer of self-leveling mortar (11), optionally reinforced with metal mesh {12}, and to the conventional floor finish coating (13) I t as tiles, stoneware, wood or carpet. 4. Waterproofing and insulation system of building floors according to the third claim, characterized by having as an additional internal component a conduit of square section (14) perimetral to the application space, placed along the square formed by the base wall (7) and the wall or vertical wall (15), below the floor finish covering (13) I provided with vertical grilles (16) on the side side facing the air chamber (17 ) determined by the lower protrusions of the plates anchored to the support surface, in order to receive and drive the water through it. S. Waterproofing and soil isolation system 5 of buildings according to third and fourth claims, characterized in that when it is applied to radiant heating floors, it includes perforated extruded polystyrene sheets (1) on the bearing face of the component plates J 10 the soul of the same, with a fine weave of mineral fiber glued directly to its surface, above the holes, on which the network of hot water pipes or carbon fiber filaments is extended, depending on the os cases, covered by the top layer 15 mortar self-leveling mortar (11). 6. Waterproofing and insulation system of building walls using the plates object of the first two claims, characterized in that the component plates 20 are integrated in the wall of the building anchored on the wall or enclosure wall (15) on the face with projections, either directly or on an intermediate layer of projected mortar (8), the anchoring means being screws with plastic plastics impregnated with impermeable liquid (9) that pass through the plates through the areas free of projections, to form panels or screens watertight by tongue-and-groove coupling between plates with sealing putty in their joints (10), which serve as a support for the outer coating layer (18), 30 optionally fixed on antifissure wall mesh (19), and to the conventional coating of wall plastering (20), such as lime, plaster and / or paint. 7. Waterproofing and insulation system for building walls according to the sixth claim, characterized by having as an additional interior component of horizontal metal grilles of L-profile with 5 fixing tabs at the top and bottom of the application wall, fixed along the perpendicular sides of the squares formed by the wall or vertical wall (15) and the upper and lower floor slabs (7) above the side I 10 of the plate sequence of the upper end, and by debonding or of the lower side of the plate sequence of the lower end, in order to facilitate the flow of air through the chamber (17) determined by the inner protuberances of the cover of plates anchored to the 15 support surface.