ES2400767B1

ES2400767B1 - ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTIREUTILIZABLE FOR "IN SITU" TRAINING OF NICHES AND OTHER INTERRAMENTS.

Info

Publication number: ES2400767B1
Application number: ES201030181A
Authority: ES
Inventors: José MASSACHS MAURICI
Original assignee: Consoreg S L; Consoreg Sl
Current assignee: Consoreg S L; Consoreg Sl
Priority date: 2010-02-10
Filing date: 2010-02-10
Publication date: 2013-10-15
Anticipated expiration: 2030-02-10
Also published as: ES2400767A1

Abstract

Conjunto de encofrar armable/desarmable y multireutilizable para formación ?in situ? de nichos y otros enterramientos, para nichos o espacios huecos, constituido por un cuerpo armado, de forma geométrica tradicional, que está integrado por tres únicas piezas principales; una pieza central que comprende la parte central de la planta , un zócalo frontal, una bisagra transversal (elástica) que une con ésta la parte posterior o fondo y dos piezas laterales o costados que adoptan la forma complementaria restante del encofrado; que tienen respectivos zócalos frontales y zócalos laterales y que en su unión con la pieza central arman completamente el conjunto.Wearable / detachable and multi-reusable formwork set for on-site training of niches and other burials, for niches or hollow spaces, constituted by an armed body, of traditional geometric shape, which is integrated by three unique main pieces; a central part comprising the central part of the plant, a front plinth, a transverse hinge (elastic) that joins the back or bottom with it and two side or side pieces that adopt the remaining complementary formwork form; that have respective front sockets and side sockets and that together with the centerpiece completely assemble the assembly.

Description

CONJUNTO DE ENCOFRAR ARMABLE/DESARMABLE Y MULTI REUTILIZABLE PARA FORMACIÓN quot;IN SITUquot; DE NICHOS Y OTROS ENTERRAMIENTOSASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND REUSABLE MULTI FOR TRAINING "IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURIALS

OBJETO DEL INVENTO OBJECT OF THE INVENTION

El invento tiene como fundamento un encofrado, preferentemente metálico o en otros materiales, que es recuperable, multi-reutilizable, para la formación quot;in situ quot; de nichos para enterramientos u otros espacios huecos de estas características , que tiene la particularidad de armarse y desarmarse y el concepto del mismo es su composición a base de un mínimo de piezas, más concretamente, unas piezas que principalmente componen los dos laterales del encofrado, por tanto las paredes verticales del nicho, espacio hueco, y otra que sirve de unión o ensamblaje con las otras dos, integrando la planta y el fondo de dicho nicho, espacio hueco. The invention is based on a formwork, preferably metallic or in other materials, which is recoverable, multi-reusable, for the formation "in situ"; of niches for burials or other hollow spaces of these characteristics, which has the particularity of arming and disarming and the concept of it is its composition based on a minimum of pieces, more specifically, pieces that mainly make up the two sides of the formwork, therefore the vertical walls of the niche, hollow space, and another that serves as union or assembly with the other two, integrating the floor and the bottom of said niche, hollow space.

Una estructura según el invento de dicho encofrado que está compuesta sustancialmente por tres piezas; dos gemelas para formar los costados del encofrado y una de unión o ensamblaje de estas dos que comportan la parte de planta y el lado posterior. Estas dos partes van unidas de forma tal que la parte del lado posterior adopta un plegado respecto de la parte de planta cuando ésta se coloca en su sitio uniendo las otras dos, a cuyo fin la pieza de planta y fondo tiene medios de orientación para el guiado de esta pieza en el ensamblaje con las dos laterales. A structure according to the invention of said formwork which is substantially composed of three pieces; two twins to form the sides of the formwork and one of union or assembly of these two that involve the plant part and the back side. These two parts are joined in such a way that the part of the rear side adopts a folding with respect to the plant part when it is placed in place joining the other two, for which purpose the plant and bottom piece has orientation means for the guided of this piece in the assembly with the two sides.

Unas piezas laterales gemelas o no puesto que la pieza de unión o ensamblaje, puede adoptar la forma necesaria para unirlas, a cuyo efecto dichas partes presentan medios de ensamblaje, complementarios en una y otra parte para que, sencillamente situando los laterales, apuntados, sujetos sobre estribos o manualmente, con una aproximación a la separación prevista a las medidas del nicho o espacio hueco que se quiere construir, fácilmente se coloca la pieza de unión, guiándola y desplazándola entre las otras dos y, finalmente, armándolas y tensándolas entre sí por sencillos medios de anclaje. Twin side pieces or not since the joint or assembly piece, can take the necessary form to join them, for which purpose these parts have assembly means, complementary in one and another part so that, simply placing the side, pointed, subject on stirrups or manually, with an approximation to the planned separation to the measures of the niche or hollow space that you want to build, the union piece is easily placed, guiding and moving it between the other two and, finally, assembling and tensing them together by Simple means of anchoring.

El conjunto de encofrar según el invento aporta dos herramientas de ayuda de características muy sencillas para desencofrar; una que ayudará a desmoldear, desarmar, la pieza de unión de la planta y fondo y otra que ayudará a desencofrar, desarmar los laterales. The formwork assembly according to the invention provides two help tools with very simple characteristics for decoupling; one that will help to unmold, disassemble, the union piece of the plant and bottom and another that will help to unclog, disassemble the sides.

Con esto se constituye un conjunto completamente versátil para poder construir de modo continuo y repetitivo, un gran número de nichos o espacios huecos con la facilidad de poder montar los encofrados como si fuera un sencillo mosaico ensamblable que tiene la misma facilidad de desmontaje y que siendo encofrados desarmables, la forma de transportarlos, almacenarlos y manipularlos es muy sencilla y todas las operaciones pueden hacerse con un máximo de dos operarios que, en poco tiempo, pueden disponer una plataforma de grandes dimensiones, lista para verter hormigón y, del mismo modo, una vez fraguado, se puede desencofrar rápidamente sin dañar el encofrado ni el nicho o espacio hueco con lo que, el reaprovechamiento de estos sería prácticamente inagotable. This constitutes a completely versatile set to be able to build in a continuous and repetitive way, a large number of niches or hollow spaces with the ease of being able to assemble the formwork as if it were a simple assembled mosaic that has the same ease of disassembly and that being removable formwork, the way of transporting, storing and handling them is very simple and all operations can be done with a maximum of two operators who, in a short time, can have a large platform, ready to pour concrete and, in the same way, Once set, it can be quickly unclogged without damaging the formwork or the niche or hollow space, so the reuse of these would be virtually inexhaustible.

ANTENCEDENTES DE LA INVENCIÓN BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

En los antecedentes de la invención podemos citar diversos sistemas de encofrados o de otro tipo de espacios huecos, sepulturas o similares que podemos supeditar a los sistemas de los registros de la propia solicitante que han venido evolucionando sobre distintas versiones mejoradas con las experiencias adquiridas al cabo de los años en esta materia, así podemos citar: U ES nº 285 401 por: ENCOFRADO RECUPERABLE PAR ALA CONSTRUCCIÓN quot;IN SITUquot; DE NICHOS; PES. 200401087 por: ENCOFRADO RECUPERABLE PARA LA CONSTRUCCIÓN quot;IN SITUquot; DE SEPULTURAS MÚLTIPLES de la firma Obras Reunidas, S.A. y en ésta línea otra serie de encofrados recuperables, todo ellos resultado de los 20 años de experiencia del inventor en la construcción de nichos.
In the background of the invention we can cite various systems of formwork or other types of hollow spaces, graves or similar that we can subject to the systems of the applicant's own records that have been evolving on different versions improved with the experiences acquired at the end of the years in this matter, this way we can cite: U ES nº 285 401 by: RECOVERY WRAPPING FOR CONSTRUCTION "IN SITUquot; OF NICHES; PES. 200401087 by: RECOVERY BUILDING FOR CONSTRUCTION quot; IN SITUquot; DE SEPULTURAS MÚLTIES of the firm Obras Reunidas, SA and in this line another series of recoverable formwork, all of them resulting from the 20 years of experience of the inventor in the construction of niches.

DESCRIPCIÓN DEL INVENTO DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

La interpretación del invento está sustentada en el concepto armable desarmable del encofrado. La idea es fabricarlo en materiales metálicos resistentes, chapa de hierro, similar o estructura mixta de hierro con fibra de vidrio o polimeros, habida cuenta del continuo empleo de dichos moldes para la construcción precisamente en contacto con un material tan agresivo como son los áridos y más concretamente los hormigones vibrados cuyas consecuencias tienen que soportar los encofrados de este tipo en su función propia de moldear. La particularidad armable 1 desarmable del invento tiene al menos una triple misión: facilitar por un lado el manejo del encofrado que de forma enteriza precisaría de medios mecánicos para moverlos o la participación de bastante personal y por otro la de poder manejar piezas sueltas que además son fáciles de transportar y de almacenar. Y, especialmente, una sencilla solución mecánica de armado y desarmado destinado a operarios que no tiene ninguna especialización técnica, ni la precisan en modo alguno. The interpretation of the invention is based on the disarmable formwork concept of the formwork. The idea is to manufacture it in resistant metallic materials, iron sheet, similar or mixed structure of iron with fiberglass or polymers, given the continuous use of these molds for construction precisely in contact with a material as aggressive as the aggregates and more specifically the vibrated concrete whose consequences have to support the formwork of this type in its own function of molding. The detachable armable feature 1 of the invention has at least a triple mission: to facilitate on the one hand the formwork management that would require in an integral way mechanical means to move them or the participation of enough personnel and on the other to be able to handle loose pieces that are also Easy to transport and store. And, especially, a simple mechanical solution of arming and disarming for operators who do not have any technical specialization, nor do they need it in any way.

El concepto esencial del invento es proponer una estructura de tres piezas, dos laterales que viene a constituir las piezas para la formación de las paredes laterales y otra central que sirve para formar la planta y el fondo del nicho o espacio hueco. Las laterales, en este caso, son piezas con un preferente perfil que abarcan los costados íntegramente, parte de la planta y parte del fondo y, la pieza central tiene una parte principal de la planta y una parte principal del fondo, considerando que la forma general del encofrado es un prisma ligeramente troncopiramidal que tiene la base y el frente abiertos, que tiene suaves chaflanes en las aristas, que tiene un zócalo superior en el frente para macar el grueso del hormigón y a lo largo de la faja central de la planta del encofrado un ligero realce antifricción.
The essential concept of the invention is to propose a three-piece structure, two lateral ones that constitute the pieces for the formation of the lateral walls and another central one that serves to form the floor and the bottom of the niche or hollow space. The sides, in this case, are pieces with a preferred profile that cover the entire sides, part of the plant and part of the bottom and, the central part has a main part of the plant and a main part of the bottom, considering that the shape General formwork is a slightly truncated pyramidal prism that has the base and the front open, which has soft chamfers at the edges, which has an upper socket in the front to mark the thickness of the concrete and along the central strip of the floor of the Formwork a slight anti-friction enhancement.

Otro detalle del invento es que tanto la pieza central como los laterales tienen medios de guiado reciproco, tanto por arriba y abajo y algunos intermedios de centrado, con preferencia medios excéntricos de guiado que, alternativamente, pueden ser machos en la pieza central y hembras en los laterales, o viciversa. Another detail of the invention is that both the centerpiece and the side pieces have reciprocal guiding means, both above and below and some centering intermediates, preferably eccentric guiding means which, alternatively, can be males in the centerpiece and females in the lateral ones, or viciversa.

Los medios hembras de guiado, en este caso, están constituidos por una hilera de armellas geométricas con un agujero circular cónico fijadas y alineadas con el borde longitudinal de la planta, en este caso, de los costados y otros medios machos a modo de pitones cónicos montados sobre traviesas internas de la pieza central que van, sucesivamente, alojando en las armellas a medida que se monta dicha pieza central que, en el frontis, tiene agujeros donde enclavan otros pitones de centrado previstos en el zócalo frontal de los costados y, en el fondo, tiene otros pitones de centrado que alojan en armellas previstas en la parte posterior de la pieza central. The female guiding means, in this case, are constituted by a row of geometric eyebolts with a conical circular hole fixed and aligned with the longitudinal edge of the plant, in this case, the sides and other male means by way of conical pythons mounted on internal sleepers of the centerpiece that are, successively, housed in the eyebolts as said centerpiece is mounted, which, in the front, has holes where other centering pythons are provided provided in the front socket of the sides and, in The bottom has other centering pythons that house in eyelets provided on the back of the centerpiece.

Según las características del invento dicha parte posterior, que ocupa, en este caso, la parte principal del fondo, consta en las esquinas inferiores de medios para el guiado y deslizamiento de la pieza central en las guías al efecto previstas a lo largo de los costados y, en el vértice transversal superior, consta de una bisagra elástica que pliega y despliega por el simple efecto de empuje cuando se arma el encofrado y por el simple efecto de arrastre cuando se desarma.
According to the characteristics of the invention said back part, which occupies, in this case, the main part of the bottom, consists in the lower corners of means for guiding and sliding the central part in the guides provided for that purpose along the sides and, at the upper transverse vertex, it consists of an elastic hinge that folds and unfolds by the simple thrust effect when the formwork is assembled and by the simple drag effect when it is disassembled.

Los medios de guiado de la parte posterior de la pieza central, según el invento, lo constituyen vástagos cilíndricos que se proyectan radialmente de las esquinas de la parte posterior, asociados, por dentro, con un diente perpendicular y por fuera con una orejeta vertical. La primera va guiada en el interior de las vías longitudinales de los costados, los vástagos deslizan sobre el borde de ésta vía y las orejetas son miembros de rozamiento y orientación que frenan contra una zapata plana situada al final de la vía con un recodo vertiente que hace caer a las orejetas provocando el centrado y la posición vertical de la parte posterior de la pieza central, con la ayuda de un tirante montado entre este y la parte central de dicha pieza y que, simultáneamente, encaja en los pitones de fondo de los costados y en los pitones del zócalo frontal de estos, armando el encofrado que, finalmente, se asegura por sujeción de unos cerrojos de tensado situados en un lugar accesible de dicha pieza central. The guiding means of the rear part of the central part, according to the invention, are cylindrical stems that project radially from the corners of the rear part, associated, inside, with a perpendicular tooth and outside with a vertical lug. The first one is guided inside the longitudinal tracks on the sides, the stems slide over the edge of this path and the lugs are friction and orientation members that brake against a flat shoe located at the end of the track with a sloping bend that it causes the lugs to fall causing the centering and vertical position of the back of the centerpiece, with the help of a brace mounted between it and the central part of said piece and which, simultaneously, fits into the bottom pythons of the sides and in the pyons of the front plinth of these, assembling the formwork that, finally, is secured by fastening some tension bolts located in an accessible place of said central piece.

El referido tirante para el plegado desplegado de la parte posterior de la pieza central, es un barrote metálico enganchado en un apéndice o nervio superior de la pieza central y en otro enganchado 1 guiado en una ranura escalonada fijada a dicha parte posterior, por donde corre sin problemas, tanto cuando pliega como despliega dicha parte posterior para abrir o cerrar el fondo. The aforementioned folding tie rod of the back of the central part is a metal bar hooked in an appendix or upper rib of the center piece and in another hooked 1 guided in a stepped groove fixed to said rear part, where it runs without problems, both when folding and unfolding said back to open or close the bottom.

Armado el encofrado estaría listo para recibir el hormigonado del nicho o espacio hueco en su lugar correspondiente en el que, previamente, en paralelo y en la posición correcta de acuerdo con un patrón o plantilla para facilitar su colocación, se montan las piezas de los costados del encofrado respectivamente encaradas, apoyadas contra sendos estribos, sujetándolos por medio de bridas, abrazaderas, o similares.
Once the formwork was assembled, it would be ready to receive the concreting of the niche or hollow space in its corresponding place in which, previously, in parallel and in the correct position according to a pattern or template to facilitate its placement, the pieces of the sides are mounted of the formwork respectively facing each other, supported against two stirrups, holding them by means of flanges, clamps, or the like.

Una vez realizada la operación de hormigonado se puede desarmar el encofrado o se procede a desencofrar. Para ello el invento se vale de dos sencillas herramientas, una elementalmente creada para ello y otra del comercio. La primera es un sencillo gato mecánico en forma de quot; U quot;, con un asidero en la parte superior y un husillo central pasante, con una brida por el interior y tuerca por el exterior. La brida se sujeta mediante un pasador en un anclaje previsto en la pieza central. Apretando la tuerca con una llave al efecto se tira y se produce el arranque de la pieza central; tirando de ella se saca sin problemas. Después con una mordaza, de correspondiente envergadura, se sujetan los dos costados del encofrado. Apretando relativamente se despegan ambos de las paredes del nicho o espacio hueco. Para esto, el invento, ha previsto que en los extremos inferiores de los costados, haya unos cortes en chaflán entrante que facilitan la operación anterior el encontrar un fallo de apoyo. Once the concrete operation has been completed, the formwork can be disassembled or the formwork can be removed. For this, the invention uses two simple tools, one elementally created for it and the other of commerce. The first is a simple mechanical cat in the form of quot; ", With a handle on the top and a central spindle through, with a flange on the inside and nut on the outside. The flange is held by a pin in an anchor provided in the centerpiece. Tightening the nut with a wrench for this purpose is pulled and the central part starts up; pulling it out without problems. Then with a jaw, of corresponding size, the two sides of the formwork are fastened. Squeezing relatively detach both of the walls of the niche or hollow space. For this, the invention has provided that at the lower ends of the sides, there are some cuts in incoming chamfer that facilitate the previous operation to find a support failure.

Una idea más amplia de las características esenciales del modelo la realizaremos a continuación, al hacer referencia a las láminas de los dibujos que en esta memoria se acompaña, de manera un tanto esquemática y tan solo a vía de ejemplo, representando los detalles preferidos y vitales de la patente. A broader idea of the essential characteristics of the model will be carried out below, when referring to the sheets of the accompanying drawings, in a somewhat schematic way and only by way of example, representing the preferred and vital details of the patent.

EN LOS DIBUJOS:
IN THE DRAWINGS:

La figura 1 muestra en perspectiva el cuerpo general (1) armado del Figure 1 shows in perspective the general body (1) armed with the

encofrado. formwork

La figura 2 muestra en perspectiva parcialmente el armado del cuerpo general (1) del encofrado. Figure 2 shows in perspective partially the assembly of the general body (1) of the formwork.

La figura 3 muestra en perspectiva la pieza central (2) del cuerpo general (1) del encofrado. Figure 3 shows in perspective the centerpiece (2) of the general body (1) of the formwork.

La figura 4 muestra en perspectiva parcialmente por el interior los costados Figure 4 shows in perspective partially from the inside the sides

(3) y (4) y fondo (21 ). (3) and (4) and background (21).

La figura 5 muestra en perspectiva parcialmente por el interior del cuerpo general (1) destacando el fondo (21) y el conjunto de miembros de centrado y otros. Figure 5 shows in perspective partially through the interior of the general body (1) highlighting the bottom (21) and the set of centering members and others.

La figura 6 muestra en perspectiva un detalle aumentado del fondo (21) y del tirante de articulación. Figure 6 shows in perspective an enlarged detail of the bottom (21) and the articulation tie.

La figura 7 muestra en perspectiva frontalmente el marco general del encofrado con los estribos laterales de fijación (5) y (6). Figure 7 shows in front perspective the general formwork frame with the side fixing brackets (5) and (6).

La figura 8 muestra en perspectiva la herramienta (8) para desmontar la pieza central (2) del encofrado. Figure 8 shows in perspective the tool (8) to disassemble the central part (2) of the formwork.

La figura 9 muestra en perspectiva la herramienta (8) de la figura anterior en fase de desmontar.
Figure 9 shows in perspective the tool (8) of the previous figure in the disassembly phase.

La figura 1 O muestra en perspectiva una primera fase del desmontaje de la Figure 1O shows in perspective a first phase of disassembly of the

pieza central (2). center piece (2).

La figura 11 muestra en perspectiva la fase desmontada de la pieza central (2). Figure 11 shows in perspective the disassembled phase of the centerpiece (2).

La figura 12 muestra en perspectiva el encofrado (1) y el nicho (208) con la pieza central (2) desmontada. Figure 12 shows in perspective the formwork (1) and the niche (208) with the central part (2) removed.

La figura 13 muestra en perspectiva la herramienta (9) para el desmontaje de los costados (3) y (4) del encofrado (1) en fase de desmontaje. Figure 13 shows in perspective the tool (9) for dismantling the sides (3) and (4) of the formwork (1) in the disassembly phase.

La figura 14 muestra en perspectiva parcialmente el desmontaje de un costado (4) según la figura anterior. Figure 14 partially shows in perspective the disassembly of a side (4) according to the previous figure.

La figura 15 muestra en perspectiva el costado (3) totalmente desmontado. Figure 15 shows in perspective the side (3) completely disassembled.

PREFERENTE REALIZACIÓN DEL INVENTO: PREFERRED REALIZATION OF THE INVENTION:

La preferente realización del invento ha quedado desarrollada en demostración de las anteriores ilustraciones y a los efectos se describe someramente en relación con estas. The preferred embodiment of the invention has been developed in demonstration of the above illustrations and for the purpose is briefly described in relation to these.

El encofrado para nichos o espacios huecos, está constituido por un cuerpo armado, según la Figura 1, de forma geométrica tradicional prismático troncopiramidal (1 ), con suaves biselados en las aristas, que de acuerdo con el invento está integrado por tres únicas piezas principales; una pieza central The formwork for niches or hollow spaces, is constituted by an armed body, according to Figure 1, of traditional geometric shape prismatic troncopiramidal (1), with soft beveled edges, which according to the invention is composed of three unique main pieces ; a centerpiece

(2) que comprende la parte central de la planta (20), un zócalo frontal (24), una bisagra transversal (22) ( elástica) que une con ésta la parte posterior o
(2) comprising the central part of the plant (20), a front plinth (24), a transverse hinge (22) (elastic) that joins the back or

fondo (21) y dos piezas laterales o costados (3) y (4) que adoptan la forma complementaria restante del cuerpo (1 ); que tienen respectivos zócalos frontales (30-40) y zócalos lateras (31-41) y que en su unión con la parte central (20) de la pieza central (2) se forma un realce (23) de ésta parte central que actúa como placa antifricción en el desmontaje del encofrado (1 ). bottom (21) and two side or side pieces (3) and (4) that adopt the remaining complementary shape of the body (1); which have respective front sockets (30-40) and side sockets (31-41) and that at their junction with the central part (20) of the central part (2) an enhancement (23) of this acting central part is formed as an anti-friction plate in the disassembly of the formwork (1).

A tales efectos (Fig.3) la referida pieza central (2) tiene a lo largo de sus bordes un serie de elementos machos de centrado (26) que son pintones cónicos que acceden y alojan excéntricamente en elementos hembras de centrado de los costados (3 -4); que tiene asimismo otros elementos hembras de centrado (21 O) a los lados de la parte posterior o fondo (21) que cuando se monta encajan en sendos medios machos de los costados (3-4) y en cuyos extremos comporta medios de deslizamiento (27) para el conjunto de la pieza central (2), y tiene también un remate transversal (28), elástico, a modo de junta estanca para evitar posibles filtraciones o rebabas de hormigón. Asimismo ésta pieza central (2) por el extremo anterior tiene, a ambos lados, sendos cerrojos (25) de tensión para fijarla a los costados (3-4) y frontalmente otros elementos hembras de centrado (240) que, cuando se tensa el montaje de la pieza central (2), por medio de los cerrojos (25), enclavan contra elementos machos de recepción de los costados (3-4). For this purpose (Fig. 3) the aforementioned centerpiece (2) has along its edges a series of male centering elements (26) that are conical paints that access and lodge eccentrically in female centering elements of the sides ( 3. 4); which also has other female centering elements (21 O) on the sides of the back or bottom (21) that when mounted fit into two male means on the sides (3-4) and at whose ends it entails sliding means ( 27) for the assembly of the central part (2), and also has an elastic, transversal seal (28), as a seal to avoid possible leaks or burrs of concrete. Likewise, this central part (2) on the front end has, on both sides, two tension locks (25) to fix it to the sides (3-4) and frontally other female centering elements (240) which, when the tension is tightened assembly of the central part (2), by means of the bolts (25), interlock against male elements of reception of the sides (3-4).

Los costados (3-4) que vemos en la Figura 4, muestra la hilera de elementos hembras de centrado que, respectivamente, son ojales cónicos, (35-45) donde sucesivamente alojan los pitones excéntricos (26), que van montados en traviesas (29) , a medida que se monta la pieza central (2) que como se ha dicho, en el lado posterior (21 ), radial mente, tiene medios de deslizamiento (27) que corren y guían en las vías longitudinales (32-42) de los costados (3-4) desplazándose a lo largo de las mismas hasta el final donde unas zapatas (33-43) adosadas a dichas vías tienen un extremo final con un recodo descendente (330) (según vemos en el detalle de la figura 5), por donde cae el lado posterior o fondo (21) ayudando a la colocación vertical de dicho lado posterior (21 ), colocación que viene dada por la posibilidad de la bisagra (22) elástica y de un mecanismo de articulación anclado entre la pieza central superior (2) y dicho lado posterior o fondo (21 ).
The sides (3-4) that we see in Figure 4, show the row of female centering elements that, respectively, are conical eyelets, (35-45) where the eccentric pythons (26), which are mounted on sleepers, are mounted successively (29), as the central part (2) is mounted, which, as said, on the rear side (21), radially, has sliding means (27) that run and guide in the longitudinal tracks (32- 42) of the sides (3-4) moving along them to the end where some shoes (33-43) attached to these tracks have a final end with a downward bend (330) (as we see in the detail of Figure 5), where the back or bottom side (21) falls, aiding the vertical placement of said rear side (21), placement that is given by the possibility of the elastic hinge (22) and an anchored joint mechanism between the upper center piece (2) and said rear side or bottom (21).

El mecanismo de articulación es un barrote vertical (201) anclado por un gancho superior (202) en el anclaje (200) de la parte pieza central superior The articulation mechanism is a vertical bar (201) anchored by an upper hook (202) in the anchor (200) of the upper center part

(2) y otro gancho inferior (203) guiado en la ranura de un cerquillo (204) fijado al lado posterior (21) que, lógicamente, se mueve con el desplazamiento longitudinal de la pieza central (2), limitando el subir y bajar dicho lado posterior o fondo (21) que corre por dichas vías (32-42) por los medios (27) que vemos en la figura 6, integrados por un vástago cilíndrico radial (270) con un diente vertical (271) que sirve de guía en las vías (32-42) y por el otro lado una orejeta vertical (272) que al final del recorrido roza contra las zapatas (33) para conducir la posición vertical del lado posterior o fondo (21) cuando dicho talón (272) cae por el recodo (330), evitando su retroceso ante la presión que reciba el encofrado posterior (21) del hormigón y su vibrado. (2) and another lower hook (203) guided in the groove of a truss (204) fixed to the rear side (21) which, logically, moves with the longitudinal displacement of the central piece (2), limiting the raising and lowering said rear side or bottom (21) running along said tracks (32-42) by the means (27) that we see in Figure 6, integrated by a radial cylindrical rod (270) with a vertical tooth (271) serving as a guides on the tracks (32-42) and on the other hand a vertical lug (272) that at the end of the path rubs against the shoes (33) to drive the vertical position of the back or bottom side (21) when said heel (272 ) falls through the bend (330), preventing its recoil from the pressure received by the rear formwork (21) of the concrete and its vibration.

Para colocar la pieza central (2) los costados (3-4) están situados sobre la plantilla que marca el espacio del nicho o espacio hueco sujetándose a los estribos (5) y (6) mediante las bridas (7). La pieza central (2) se monta haciéndola correr por las vías (32-42) de dichos costados (3-4) haciendo que los ojales (21 O) del lado posterior (21) se enclaven en los pitones (34-44) del fondo de dichos costados (3-4) y en los pitones (36-46) del frente (30-40) de dichos costados (3-4) en la traviesa frontal (205) de la pieza central (2). En este momento los cerrojos (25) se cierran firmemente, tensándolos contra los anclajes (250) de los costados (3-4) que vemos en la figura 12.
To place the centerpiece (2) the sides (3-4) are located on the template that marks the space of the niche or hollow space being attached to the stirrups (5) and (6) by means of the flanges (7). The center piece (2) is mounted by running it along the tracks (32-42) of said sides (3-4) causing the eyelets (21 O) on the back side (21) to be locked in the pythons (34-44) from the bottom of said sides (3-4) and on the pythons (36-46) from the front (30-40) of said sides (3-4) on the front cross member (205) of the center piece (2). At this time the bolts (25) close firmly, tightening them against the anchors (250) on the sides (3-4) that we see in Figure 12.

Los estribos (3) y (6) pueden ser encofrados laterales iniciales o finales, o zócalos laterales (31) y (41) de encofrados iguales al que se describe. The stirrups (3) and (6) can be initial or final side formwork, or side sockets (31) and (41) of formwork equal to that described.

Seguidamente se procede a vaciar el hormigón. Una vez fraguado se inicia el desmoldeo, desencofrado o desmontaje del encofrado (1 ). Para ello se utiliza una herramienta manual muy sencilla, un gato mecánico (8) . Tiene forma de quot; U quot; con asidero (80) en la parte superior; apoyos laterales (85) y un husillo central, perpendicular (81) provisto de un tuerca de maniobra (82) que se aprieta o afloja con una simple llave inglesa o incluso manualmente e interiormente de una brida (83) con agujeros (84) que se monta en el anclaje Then the concrete is emptied. Once set, the demolding, decoupling or disassembly of the formwork (1) begins. For this, a very simple hand tool is used, a mechanical jack (8). It has the form of quot; U quot; with handle (80) at the top; lateral supports (85) and a central, perpendicular spindle (81) provided with a maneuver nut (82) that is tightened or loosened with a simple wrench or even manually and internally of a flange (83) with holes (84) that it is mounted on the anchor

(206) por un pasador (86). Apretando sencillamente el husillo (81) desprende la pieza central (2) tirando de ésta iniciándose el desmontaje de dicha pieza central (2) como vemos en las figuras 1 O y 11. (206) by a pin (86). Simply pressing the spindle (81) detaches the central part (2) by pulling it, starting to disassemble said central part (2) as we see in figures 1 O and 11.

Para el desmontaje de los costados (3-4) el invento recurre a una herramienta común de envergadura apropiada. Una barra (9) donde se monta los apoyos (90 -91) y las mordazas de apriete (92 -93) que apretando ligeramente desprenden los costados (3-4) en los que los biseles (37-47) de los zócalos (31-32), forman un falso apoyo para que a la mínima presión de las mordazas (92-93) los costados (3-4) caigan lateralmente quedando sueltos y el nicho o espacio hueco (208), especialmente bien acabado. For the dismantling of the sides (3-4) the invention uses a common tool of appropriate size. A bar (9) where the supports (90 -91) and the clamping jaws (92 -93) are mounted, which slightly tighten the sides (3-4) on which the bevels (37-47) of the sockets ( 31-32), form a false support so that at the minimum pressure of the jaws (92-93) the sides (3-4) fall laterally, leaving them loose and the niche or hollow space (208), especially well finished.

Todo el desmontaje se hace sencilla y fácilmente en la forma y con los medios explicados en la que, un máximo de dos operarios pueden hacer todo el trabajo de desmontaje y montaje. Marcadas las plantillas en la suela (207), tantas como se quieran armar, los operarios monta los costados (3 -4) sujetándolos a los estribos (5 -6) por medio de las bridas (7) y seguidamente se incorpora la pieza central (2) que se centra, encajando en los medios de centrado macho y hembra y se fijan por medio de los cerrojos
All disassembly is done simply and easily in the manner and with the means explained in which, a maximum of two operators can do all the disassembly and assembly work. Marked insoles in the sole (207), as many as they want to assemble, the operators assemble the sides (3 -4) holding them to the stirrups (5 -6) by means of the flanges (7) and then the center piece is incorporated (2) which is centered, fitting in the male and female centering means and fixed by means of the bolts

(25) de estas piezas (2). Armado el encofrado (1) se vierte el hormigón, se fragua y se desmonta en la forma descrita anteriormente. (25) of these pieces (2). Assembled the formwork (1) the concrete is poured, set and disassembled in the manner described above.

5 Una vez convenientemente descrita la naturaleza del modelo se hace constar a los efectos oportunos, que el mismo no queda limitado a los detalles exactos de esta exposición, sino que por contrario, en él se introducirán las modificaciones que se consideran oportunas, siempre que no se alteren las 5 Once the nature of the model has been adequately described, it is stated for the appropriate purposes that it is not limited to the exact details of this exhibition, but on the contrary, it will introduce the modifications considered appropriate, provided that the

10 características esenciales del mismo, que se reivindican a continuación.
10 essential characteristics thereof, which are claimed below.

Claims

1.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURIALS, constituted by an armed body of the traditional geometric shape, prismatic-trunk-pyramidal that according to the invention is CHARACTERIZED because it is composed of three unique main pieces, a central piece (2) comprising the plant ( 20), a back or bottom (21) and a hinge (22) connecting between them and a mechanism for opening and closing the back side (21); of two lateral or side pieces (3 and 4) that complete the rest of the body (1) of the formwork internally and frontally provided with centering means (26, 35 and 45) and others for the reciprocal assembly of said three pieces (2, 3 and 4) and tensioning means (25) for fixing said joint, as well as a simple mechanical jack (8) and a set of jaws (91-92) for the disassembly of the central part (2) and of the sides (3 and 4), respectively.

2.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURNS, in which the opening and closing mechanism of the rear side, according to claim 1, is CHARACTERIZED because it comprises a vertical bar (201) with an upper hook (202) anchored at the inner end (200) of the central part (2) and another lower hook (203) guided in the groove of a truss (204) mounted on said rear side (21).

3.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND REUSABLE MULTI FOR TRAINING "IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURIALS, in which for the assembly of said three main parts (2, 3 and 4), according to claim 1, they are CHARACTERIZED because it is carried out by means of a row of conical eccentric pythons (26) aligned in the edges of the central part (2) that house in respective conical eyelets (35 and 45) of the sides (3 and 4); other eyelets (21 O) on the back side (21) and others on the front crossbar (205) that are mounted on other respective male means (34, 44 and 36, 46) of the sides (3 and 4) and other means sliding (27) arranged at the ends of the rear side

(21) that run in corresponding tracks (32-42) of the sides (3 and 4) to mount and disassemble, by drag, said centerpiece (2).

4.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURNS, in which the sliding means of the central part according to claims 1 and 3 are CHARACTERIZED because it comprises a cylindrical radial rod (270) running against the edge of the tracks (32-42) of the sides (3 -4) guided by an inner tooth (271) housed in said tracks (32 -42) and an outer lug (272) that redirects the back side (21) onto shoes (33-43) attached to the tracks ( 32-42) having a final bend (330) of the end of said shoes (33-43) that drop said rear side (21) to place it in an upright position and, conversely, facilitate its disassembly.

5.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURNS, in which the fixing means of the union of the three main parts, according to claim 1, is CHARACTERIZED because they are tension bolts (25) located at the front end of the central part (2) which they are hooked in corresponding anchors (250) placed in the front part of the sides (3 and 4), respectively.

6.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURIALS, in which the hinge of articulation, of the central and rear parts of the central part according to claim 1 is CHARACTERIZED because it is an elastic, flexible hinge (22).

7.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURIALS, in which the back of the centerpiece of claim 1, is CHARACTERIZED because in addition it consists of a gasket (28) in the lower, elastic, flexible closing edge that has the ability to facilitate the release .

8.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURIALS, in which, the three main parts of the formwork, according to claim 1 are CHARACTERIZED because the central part (2) has a frontal socket (24), the sides (3 and 4) have frontal sockets (30 and 40) and lateral (31-41).

9.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER INTERMARKETS, in which the three main parts of the formwork at their junction according to claims 1 and 8 are CHARACTERIZED because at the junction with the central part (20) of the central part (2) they form a slight enhancement

(23) which serves as an anti-friction plate during disassembly.

10.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURNS, in which, for disassembly, according to claim 1 the center piece (2) is CHARACTERIZED because in the front part of the center piece (2) it has an anchor (206) for a mechanical jack.

11.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURNS, in which, for disassembly, according to claim 1, the side sockets on the sides, is CHARACTERIZED because at the lower end of each of them, it consists of incoming chamfers (37-47) that They are false props.

12.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER INTERRAMENTS, in which the mechanical jack for the disassembly of the central part, according to claims 1 and 9, is CHARACTERIZED because it is a device in the form of quot; U quot; (8) which has an upper handle (80), lateral supports (85) and centrally a spindle (81) provided with an inner flange (83) with holes (84) and an outer drive nut (82).

13.-ASSEMBLY TO ASSEMBLE ARMABLE / DISARMABLE AND MULTI REUSABLE FOR TRAINING "; IN SITUquot; OF NICHES AND OTHER BURNS, in which, the set of jaws for the disassembly of the sides, according to claim 1, is CHARACTERIZED because it consists of a bar (9) dimensioned with the maximum width of the niche (207) to tighten both sockets (31-41) at the same time.