ES2394569B1 - METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOWER STEPS AND LOWER STEP BUILT WITH SUCH METHOD - Google Patents

Abstract

Method for the construction of underpasses that have the steps of assembling the foundation wire (2) on the cleaning concrete (1), installing anchoring means on the foundation wire (2), concreting the foundation wire (2) to form the foundation (10) and subsequent fixing of the prefabricated walls (3) on the foundation (10) by means of anchoring, placement of precast semi-slabs (4) on the prefabricated walls (3), which comprise wire mesh of lintel (12), and finally concreting of the lintel ferralla (12) for the formation of the lintel (5) of the underpass. The anchoring means are sheet metal templates (6) arranged on the foundation iron (2), which have screws (7) attached, and the prefabricated walls (3) have at their lower part (8) feet of pillar (9) that are anchored to these screws (7).

Description

METHOD FOR THE CONSTRUCTION OF LOWER PASSAGES AND LOWER PASSAGE

BUILT WITH SUCH METHOD

5

TECHNICAL FIELD OF THE INVENTION

The present invention belongs to the technical field of construction and building,

more specifically to the construction of underpasses, and more specifically to the

construction of underpasses safely, preventing the fall of the walls

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precast during assembly, until the lintel is placed on them.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

Currently, the main form of underpass construction consists of

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mainly in the assembly of precast walls on cleaning concrete.

Subsequently, the cleaning concrete area in which they are arranged is ferralled.

the precast walls, and then the foundation concreting is carried out.

Then the precast semi-slabs are placed on the precast walls, and

performs a concrete fill quot; in situquot; on these semi-slabs, to obtain the lintel

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of the underpass on the precast walls.

This underpass construction method presents a number of problems,

the main one being that of safety during the assembly of said underpass. Every

one of the precast walls that make up the vertical walls of the underpass

they rest on the cleaning concrete exclusively on two legs of about 20

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centimeters wide, arranged at the beginning and end of each wall. Because of this,

each of the precast walls is totally unstable, so they must

tether and prop up, with struts that are not always proven to

withstand wind blows while planted without the upper lintel. In many

Sometimes these props are insufficient to withstand the force of the wind, and in

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other times the struts are planted on soft or wet ground, or in general

unstable, making the prop useless and leaving the walls unstable and insecure.

The time that the walls are in this position is very high, sometimes during

several weeks, and even months, so the risk of an accident is significant. If he

underpass has two spans, the central wall must be tied and propped up inside

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of one of the openings or against the exteriors, with the additional danger this entails.

Once all the prefabricated walls are in place, the ironing is carried out for the

subsequent foundation, bearing in mind that the walls weigh more than 10 tonnes

each one fastened with braces and struts. This ironwork must be connected to the

armor that the walls bring in their lower part between the legs, so having

5

Keep in mind these legs, in which there is no connection to the ironwork, there is always a

high percentage of wall without anchorage, which causes possible future problems of

instability or risk of accidents.

Subsequently the concreting of the ironwork is carried out, originating the foundation,

taking into account for this that the walls are propped up and cable-stayed. If he

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underpass is two spans, special attention must be paid to the execution of the

ironwork and concreting of the foundation, since the central wall is fastened with

props and braces inside one of the bays.

Next, the precast semilosas are arranged on the upper part of the

precast walls and filled with concrete quot; in situquot; on top of those, having

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that formwork on many occasions if the walls and the first and / or the last semilosa do not

they have a formwork incorporated. In addition, on many occasions, among the semilosas

grout is lost from that applied in the concreting, which causes a loss in the

lintel concrete strength.

An efficient underpass construction method was therefore desirable and

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will avoid the inconveniences existing in the previous method of state building

of technique.

DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

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The present invention solves the problems existing in the state of the art

using a method for the construction of underpasses that is composed of

various stages.

First of all, logically the excavation of the land in which you are going to

build the underpass, and then apply cleaning concrete on the ground

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excavated to be able to build on it.

Next, the foundation iron is assembled on the concrete of

cleaning, it can even be ironed out of its location and placed in it by

sections. In this way there is no element that prevents its total and free assembly, at the

contrary to what happens in the ferrallado of the method of construction of the state of the

technique, in which the legs of the walls themselves prevent comfortable ironwork, as

be done this ironwork after placing the walls.

Subsequently, and on this foundation ferralla, means of

anchor for precast underpass walls.

5

Then the concreting of the foundation iron is carried out, giving rise to this

to the foundation of the underpass. In this way, the concreting is carried out in a

comfortable, without having any wall in place, neither supported nor propped up.

After making this foundation, the precast walls are fixed on it by

the anchoring means.

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Preferably, the anchoring means consist of screws placed

using sheet metal templates on the foundation steel. Thus,

during the laying stage of the precast walls on the foundation,

they anchor some pillar feet arranged at the bottom of said precast walls

to the screws of the anchoring means.

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Subsequently, the precast semilosas is placed on the

prefabricated walls, having these semi-woven iron, which happens to be concreted

for the formation of the lintel, and the completion with it of the underpass.

The present invention also includes as an object the underpass constructed

using the method described above. Therefore this underpass will have two or

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more parallel vertical walls each formed by a plurality of

prefabricated walls, which are arranged one after the other, and which

they are fixed to a foundation by anchoring means. This foundation is formed

for concrete arranged in foundation iron, which is in turn arranged in

cleaning concrete applied to excavated soil. Finally, the underpass

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object of the present invention has a lintel arranged on the walls

precast, which consists of concrete arranged in lintel ferralla, placed

in a plurality of precast semi-slabs arranged on the walls

precast.

Preferably, the anchoring means consist of screws placed

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using sheet metal templates on the foundation steel. Additionally, the

prefabricated walls have pillar feet at the bottom that are anchored to

the screws of the anchoring means. In this way the precast walls are

fully secured and attached to the foundation iron by means of the templates,

the screws, and the pillar feet of the walls themselves.

DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES

In the following, to facilitate understanding of the invention, by way of illustration but not limitation, an embodiment of the invention will be described with reference to a series

5 of figures. Figure 1 shows a view of the method object of the present invention in which the step of assembling the foundation iron on the cleaning concrete has been carried out. Figure 2 is a detail view of a particular embodiment of the means of

1 Or anchorage arranged on the foundation ferralla. Figure 3 shows a view of the method of the previous figures in which the concreting stage of the ferralla has been carried out, giving rise to the foundation. Figure 4 is a view of the method of the previous figures in which the stage of fixing the precast walls to the foundation has been carried out by means of the

15 anchoring means. Figure 5 is a view of the method of the previous figures in which the step of laying a particular embodiment of precast semi-slabs on the precast walls has been carried out. Figure 6 is a view of the method object of the present invention with all its

20 stages performed showing the essential elements of the underpass. Figure 7 shows a particular embodiment of a fixing of pillar feet of the precast wall to the screws of the anchoring means. In these figures reference is made to a set of elements that are:

1. cleaning concrete

25 2. foundation iron

3.

precast walls

Four.

precast semilosas

5.

underpass lintel

6.

anchor means sheet metal templates

30 7. screws of the anchoring means

8.

bottom of precast walls

9.

pillar feet 1O. foundation

11. tongue-and-groove means on the sides of the precast walls 35 12. lintel ferralla

13. vertical wall

DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS OF THE INVENTION

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As can be seen in the figures, the object of the present invention is a

method for the construction of underpasses consisting of several stages.

First, logically, the excavation of the land in which the

build the underpass, and cleanup concrete 1 is applied to the excavated ground

on which to build. Then the assembly of the ferralla of

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foundation 2 on the cleaning concrete 1, where the step is to be built

lower, as can be seen in figure 1. You could even mount the

foundation iron 2 anywhere outside its location, and then go

placing on the cleaning concrete 1 in sections, to facilitate assembly.

The next step is the installation of anchoring means on the iron wire

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foundation 2, in which the precast walls 3 will be fixed when they are

placed.

Subsequently, the 1 O foundation is formed, on which the precast walls will go

3, by concreting the foundation ferralla 2. Figure 3 shows

carried out the concrete stage of the ferralla giving rise to the foundation 1 O.

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Next, prefabricated walls 3 are attached to this foundation 1 O,

by the anchoring means, as shown in figure 4.

Once the prefabricated walls 3 are installed, on top of these,

precast semilosas 4 are placed, comprising lintel ferralla 12, which

later it is concreted to form lintel 5, thus remaining

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bottom step completed. These last steps can be seen in figure 5,

where a placement of a particular embodiment of precast semi-slabs is seen 4

on the prefabricated walls 3, and in figure 6, which shows all the stages of

construction method, leaving the bottom step finished.

Figure 2 shows a preferred embodiment of the step construction method

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lower, in which in the stage of installation of the anchoring means on the ferralla

of foundation 2 sheet templates 6 are placed on said ferralla of

foundation 2, these sheet templates 6 having screws 7 attached.

According to this preferred embodiment of the method, in the step of placing

the prefabricated walls 3 on the foundation 1 O, some pillar feet 9 arranged in

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the bottom 8 of the precast walls 3 are anchored to the screws 7 of the media

Anchor. In this way it is possible to secure the precast walls 3 to the

foundation 1 Or until the subsequent fixing of the lintel 5 is made, which will prevent the

movement and even fall of the walls 3, avoiding propping or tightening said

3 walls, which will improve security conditions, and will also facilitate

5

concreting of the foundation, since said concreting is done prior to

laying the walls 3.

According to a particular embodiment, at this stage of fixing the precast walls

3 on the foundation 1 Or through the anchoring means, as they go

placing the prefabricated walls 3, a lateral connection is made between these walls

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3 consecutive prefabricated using tongue and groove means 11, which

they provide an alignment of those one after another. Preferably,

once the precast walls 3 have been placed on the foundation 1 O, the

This method includes a step of grouting the bolts together

7 of the anchoring means to said foundation 1 O, to fix the joint and do more

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sure this one.

The other object of the invention is the underpass constructed with the described method

above, and therefore consists of two parallel vertical walls formed

each one of them by a set of prefabricated walls 3 arranged one by

continuation of another.

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These precast walls 3 are attached to a foundation 1 O by means of

anchorage, the foundation being 1 O made up of concrete arranged in iron

foundation 2, which is in turn arranged in cleaning concrete 1 applied

on excavated ground.

Finally, at the top of the precast walls 3, the underpass has a

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lintel 5, which is made up of concrete arranged in lintel 12 ferralla. This ferralla

12 is placed on precast semi-slabs 4 arranged on the walls

precast 3.

All these essential elements of the underpass performed with the method

previously described can be seen in Figures 1 to 7.

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According to a preferred embodiment of the underpass, the anchoring means of

it is made up of sheet metal templates 6 that are arranged on the iron

of foundation 2, and which have screws attached, as shown in the figure

2.

According to this embodiment, the prefabricated walls 3 have in their lower part 8 some

pillar feet 9 which are complementary to screws 7 of the anchoring means and are

anchor these.

To achieve the lateral fixing of the precast walls 3 previously described,

5

these precast walls 3 have tongue and groove elements 11, which are

complementary between consecutive 3 walls, and thus be able to align said walls 3 one

following another.

Preferably,

and such how I know can observe in the figures 5 and 6, so much the

first and last line precast semi-slabs 4, such as precast walls 3,

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in its upper part, they have a vertical wall 13, forming the set of these

vertical walls 13 a formwork for the concreting of the ferrule of lintel 12 of

the semilines 4 and the formation of the lintel 5 of the underpass. Similarly,

preferred, all the semilosas 4 have

in their sides a gasket bottom, with the

object to avoid the loss of grout when concreting the lintel 12 ferralla to form

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lintel 5.

Once the invention is clearly described, it is noted that the embodiments

individuals previously described

are subject to detailed modifications

provided they do not alter the fundamental principle and essence of the invention.

Claims (9)

1. Method for the construction of underpasses characterized in that it comprises the stages of 5 excavation of the ground on which the underpass is to be built, application of cleaning concrete (1) to the excavated ground, mounting of foundation ferrule (2) on the cleaning concrete (1), installation of anchoring means for precast walls (3) of the passage on the foundation grid (2), 1 O concreting the foundation grid (2) forming the foundation (1 0), fixing the precast walls (3) on the foundation (1 O) by means of anchoring, placement of precast semi-slabs (4) on the precast walls (3), which comprise lintel ironwork (12), and 15 concreting of the lintel ironwork (12) for the formation of the lintel (5) of the underpass. 2. Method for the construction of underpasses, according to claim 1, characterized in that 20 the stage of installing anchoring means for the prefabricated walls (3) of the underpass on the foundation grid (2) comprises placing sheet metal templates (6) on said foundation grid (2), which have been fixed a plurality of screws (7), and because the step of laying the precast walls (3) on the The foundation (1 O) comprises the anchoring of pillar feet (9) arranged in the lower part (8) of said prefabricated walls (3) to the screws (7) of the anchoring means. 3. Method for the construction of underpasses, according to claim 30 above, characterized in that following the step of laying the prefabricated walls (3) on the foundation (1 O) it comprises a step of grouting the connection of the screws (7) of the anchoring means to the foundation (1 0). 4. Method for the construction of underpasses, according to any of the previous 35 claims, characterized in that in the stage of fixing the precast walls (3) on the foundation (1 O) by means of anchoring, a lateral connection is made between consecutive precast walls (3) using tongue and groove means (11) that provide an alignment of the precast walls (3) one after the other. 5. Underpass, constructed with the method of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that it comprises two parallel vertical walls each formed by a plurality of precast walls (3) arranged one after the other, which are fixed by anchoring means to a foundation (1 0), which includes concrete arranged in foundation steel (2), arranged in turn in cleaning concrete (1) applied to excavated ground, and a lintel (5) disposed on the prefabricated walls (3) comprising concrete disposed on the lintel (12), said ferrule (12) placed on a plurality of precast semi-slabs (4) arranged on said prefabricated walls (3) .

6.

Underpass, according to claim 5, characterized in that the anchoring means comprise a plurality of sheet metal templates (6) arranged on the foundation wire (2), which have a plurality of screws (7) attached,

and because the prefabricated walls (3) comprise at their lower part (8) pillar feet (9) complementary to and anchored to the screws (7) of the anchoring means.

7.

Underpass, according to the preceding claim, characterized in that it comprises grout in the area of the screws (7) of the anchoring means to the foundation (1 0).

8.

Underpass, according to any of claims 5 to 7, characterized in that the precast walls (3) comprise tongue and groove elements (11), which

they are complementary between consecutive walls, for the alignment of said prefabricated walls (3) one after the other.

9.

Underpass, according to any of claims 5 to 8, characterized

5 because both the first and last line precast semi slabs (4) arranged on the precast walls (3), and the precast walls (3), in their upper part, comprise a vertical wall (13), forming the set of said low walls (13) vertical a formwork for the concreting of the lintel ferralla (12) arranged in the semilines (4) and the formation of the lintel (5) of the underpass. 10 1O. Underpass, according to any of claims 5 to 9, characterized because all the precast semi-slabs (4) comprise on their sides a bottom of meeting.