ES2391969B1

ES2391969B1 - AEROTURBINE VERTICAL AXIS.

Info

Publication number: ES2391969B1
Application number: ES201000144A
Authority: ES
Inventors: Víctor Julián CALERO GÓMEZ
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2010-02-08
Filing date: 2010-02-08
Publication date: 2013-10-10
Anticipated expiration: 2030-02-08
Also published as: ES2391969A1

Abstract

El viento al impactar sobre las aspas hacen girar las aspas sobre su eje secundario y todo el conjunto sobre el eje de revoluciones.#Con la aspas en posición de máxima oposición al viento, normalmente con la superficie de la aspas perpendicular a la horizontal, pues el viento es horizontal, el giro de la aspas según su eje secundario queda impedido en una dirección y queda libre en la dirección contraria, por ello en la dirección que queda impedido el giro, al impactar el viento sobre la aspas hace girar el eje de revoluciones vertical, mientras que si el viento impacta en la otra dirección hace girar la aspas sobre el eje secundario y no hace girar el eje de revoluciones vertical, cuanto menos pesen las aspas, quedaran en menor oposición al viento, al modo de las banderas.#En particular el aspas presentara su máxima oposición al viento al quedar colgando en vertical, al estar el eje secundario en, o cerca, de su borde superior.#En el giro de las aspas alrededor del eje de revoluciones hay un momento crítico y es cuando el eje secundario está alineado con el viento, en esa posición es útil que las aspas presenten una superficie, que llamaremos superficie A, enfrentada al viento que imprima a las aspas un giro alrededor del eje secundario, girando el aspa en la dirección donde se y era limitada en su giro y donde quedara en posición de máxima oposición al viento.The wind on impact on the blades rotate the blades on its secondary axis and the whole on the axis of revolutions # With the blades in position of maximum opposition to the wind, usually with the surface of the blades perpendicular to the horizontal, well the wind is horizontal, the rotation of the blades according to its secondary axis is impeded in one direction and remains free in the opposite direction, therefore in the direction that the rotation is prevented, when the wind hits the blades it rotates the axis of vertical revolutions, while if the wind impacts in the other direction rotates the blades on the secondary axis and does not rotate the axis of vertical revolutions, the less the blades weigh, they will be in less opposition to the wind, in the manner of the flags. # In particular, the blades will present their maximum opposition to the wind when hanging vertically, as the secondary axis is on, or near, its upper edge. # In the rotation of the blades around the axis of r evolutions there is a critical moment and it is when the secondary axis is aligned with the wind, in that position it is useful that the blades present a surface, which we will call surface A, facing the wind that prints the blades a turn around the secondary axis, turning the blade in the direction where it was and was limited in its turn and where it would remain in a position of maximum opposition to the wind.

Description

P Estamos en el campo de la generacion de energia electrica mediante aerogeneradores Son conocidos los molinos de viento de eje de revolucion horizontal, tambien hay molinos de viento de eje de revolucion vertical, los molinos de eje vertical presentan un alzado, una ocupacion del paisaje, menor que los molinos de eje horizontal La aeroturbina de eje vertical es un aerogenerador de eje vertical Los aerogenaradores tienen unas aspas donde el viento impacta haciendo girar el aerogenerador Se trata de un molino de eje vertical cuyas aspas giran alrededor de unos ejes secundarios, ejes secundarios, que giran alrededor del eje vertical de revoluciones El viento al impactar sobre las aspas hacen girar las aspas sobre su eje secundario y todo el conjunto sobre el eje de revoluciones Con la aspas en oposicion al viento, normalmente con la superficie de la aspas perpendicular a la horizontal, pues el viento es horizontal, el giro de la aspas segun su eje secundario queda impedido en una direccion y queda libre en la direccion contraria, por ello en la direccion que queda impedido el giro, al impactar el viento sobre la aspas hace girar el eje de revoluciones vertical, mientras que si el viento impacta en la otra direccion hace girar la aspas sobre el eje secundario y no hace girar el eje de revoluciones vertical, cuanto menos pesen las aspas, quedaran en menor oposicion al viento, al modo de las banderas En particular el aspas presentara su maxima oposion at viento al quedar colgando en vertical, al estar el eje secundario en, o cerca, de su borde superior 5 En el giro de las aspas alrededor del eje de revoluciones hay un momento critico y es cuando el eje secundario esta alineado con el viento, en esa posicion es util que las aspas presenten una superficie, que Ilamaremos superficie A, enfrentada at viento que imprima a las aspas un giro alrededor del eje secundario, girando el aspa en la direccion donde se vera limitada en su 10 giro y donde quedara en posicion de maxima oposicion al viento. El giro alrededor del eje secundario se consigue si el eje secundario esta en, o cerca, del borde superior del aspa la superficie se va separando del eje secundario en la direccion de fuera a dentro 15 Para conseguir la superficie A el eje secundario esta en, o cerca, del borde superior del aspa y el aspa presenta un pliegue cerca de su extremo exterior creando una una superficie inclinada respecto at eje secundario, esta superficie esta inclinada respecto al eje secundario con el borde exterior 20 adelantado respecto a la linea de pliegue, en la direccion del giro del eje de revoluciones vertical, ademas puede haber otro pliegue cerca de su extremo interior creando otra superficie inclinada respecto al eje secundario, esta superficie inclinada respecto al eje secundario tiene su borde interior retrasado respecto a la linea de pliegue, en la direccion del giro del eje de revoluciones 25 vertical Todo el aspa puede estar inclinada respecto at eje secundario alrededor del cual gira, presentando de ese modo toda su superficie como superficie A, con su borde exterior adelantado respecto a su borde interior, en la direccion del 30 giro del eje de revoluciones vertical Otra forma de conseguir la superficie A, el eje secundario esta en, o cerca, del borde superior de la lama y la lama es una superficia alaveada presentando un borde superior paralelo at eje secundario y el borde inferior no paralelo al eje secundario, el borde inferior tiene su extremo exterior mas adelantado que el extremo interior, en la direccion del giro del eje de revoluciones vertical Si elegimos, que visto en planta, el giro del eje vertical de la aeroturbina sea 5 contraria a las agujas del reloj, el giro de las aspas alrededor del eje secundario desde la posicion de minima oposicion al viento hacia la posicion de maxima oposicion, visto a traves del eje secundario y desde el exterior hacia el interior, sera contraria a las agujas del reloj, hasta que el giro ya no pueda continuar. 10 Con el eje secundario alineado al viento el impacto del viento sobre la superficie A hara girar la aspas alrededor del eje secundario, visto a traves del eje secundario y desde el exterior al interior, contraria a las agujas del reloj Y el giro desde esta posicion con el giro limitado hacia la posicion de minima 15 oposion al viento se realiza visto a traves del eje secundario y desde fuera a dentro segun las agujas del reloj Podemos elegir un giro del eje de revoluciones segOn las agujas del reloj entonces los giros del las aspas alrededor de su eje secundario sera al reves 20 del descrito en el parrafo anterior 25 El giro desde la minima oposicion al viento hasta la maxima oposicion del viento se ye limitado o impedido mas haya de la maxima oposion de varias formas posibles 1) Mediante un tope rigido que impide continuar el giro, pudendo presentar amortiguadores o eleastomero para evitar el golpe 2) Las aspas esta ligadas a su eje secundario mediante un resorte que 30 aumenta su resistencia al Ilegar a la maxima oposicion al viento, tendiendo a evitar que el aspa gire mas haya de dicha posicion, pero que con vientos muy fuertes pueden la aspas sobrepasar dicha posicion, comenzando a presentra menor oposicion al viento cuanto mas fuerte sea el viento (ello puede prevenir averias por sobrerevoluciones el eje vertical de revolucion) 3) Las aspas presentan un contrapeso, que queda al otro lado del eje secundario, que en reposo dejan las aspas inclinadas y al soplar el viento, la turbina empieza a girar pues mientras unas aspas giran hacia la minima 5 oposicion al viento otras lo hacen hacia la maxima oposicion, las aspas que giran hacia la minima oposicion dejan el contrapeso en su posicion mas baja, mientras las aspas que giran hasta la maxima oposicion al viento tienen que levantar el contrapeso a su maxima altura posible 10 Podemos colocar una serie de turbinas que compartan al menos virtualmente el eje vertical de revolucion, ademas si una giran en un sentido y otras en el sentido contrario, ello equilibra dinamicamente el sistema En particular podemos considerar conjuntos de dos turbinas una encima de 15 otra y girando al reves Las turbinas puede sujetarse en un portico formado por una, o mas vigas, y soportes, la viga sera mas ancha que el giro de las aspas y se une en sus extremos a los soprtes, los soportes se sujetan en el suelo 20 Tambien podemos disponer un conjunto de aspas caracterizados porque sus ejes secundarios estan colocados unos encima de otros y articulados a una misma pieza, que gira segun el eje vertical de revoluciones, los ejes secundarios se colocaran girados gradualmente de arriba a abajo hasta quedar 25 el eje secundario inferior con la misma orientacion que el eje secundario superior, para que no hayan solo dos ejes secundarios con la misma orientacion; el eje secundario mas elevado y el eje secundario mas bajo, podemos eliminar una de los dos ejes, con sus aspas 30 De esta forma la turbina adopta forma de helicohide, que visto en alzado presenta a un lado aspas en maxima oposicion al viento y al otro lado lamas en la minima oposicion al viento Dos aspas pueden compartir solidariamente un mismo eje secundario quedando cada una a un lado del eje de revolucion vertical, las aspas estaran giradas 90a entre si de modo que cuando un aspa, queda vertical y ofrece la maxima oposicion al viento, que es horizontal, la otra aspa queda horizontal 5 ofreciendo la minima oposicion al viento, al quedar alineado con el Breve descripcion de los dibujos FIG 1 Vista en prespectiva de una turbina de eje vertical la lama de la derecha 10 presenta maxiona oposiocion la viento, representado con flechas paralelas y la lama de la izquierda presenta minima oposicion al viento, hay flechas circulares en pianos horizontales representando el giro del eje vertical de revoluciones de la turbina y flechas circulares en planos verticales representando el giro que el vinto intenta alrededor del eje secundrio 15 20 FIG 2 es la turbina de la FIG 1 que ha girado 45° FIG 3 es la turbina de las FIG 1 que ha girado 90° el eje secundario ha comenzado a girar al impactar el viento en la superficie 5 FIG 4 es la turbina de las FIG 1 que ha girado 135° el eje secundario ha comenzado a girar al impactar el viento en la superficie 5 FIG 5 es la turbina de las FIG 1 que ha girado 180° la lama que estaba a la 25 derecha ahora esta en la izquierda y la lama que estaba a la izquierda ahora esta a la derecha, la turbina tiene un aposicion respecto al viento es identica la de la FIG 1 FIGURAS 6 a 10 se repiten las posicionn es de las FIG 1 a 5 las lamas estan a 30 un lado del eje secundario e inclinadas en relacion al el, ademas se alejan del eje secundario segOn se acercan al centro de la turbina FIG 11 el eje vertical de revoluciones de la turbina esta sujeto en un portico hay dos conjuntos de lamas compartiendo eje vertical fisico o imaginario girando en sentido contrario la una respecto a la otra 5 FIGURAS 12 a 14 se repiten las posiciones de las FIG 1 a 3 las lamas estan a un lado del eje secundario y presentan un pliegue en su extremo exterior que presenta una superficie inclinada rescpecto al eje secundario FIGURAS 15 a 16 se repiten las posiciones de las FIG 1 a 3 las lamas estan a 10 un lado del eje secundario y son alaveadas presentando un borde superior paralelo al eje secundario y el borde inferior no paralelo al eje secundario, el borde inferior tiene su extremo exterior mas adelantado que el extremo interior segun la direccion del giro del eje de revoluciones vertical 15 FIG 17 son un cojunto de lamas cuyos ejes secundarios estan dispuestos formando un helicohide FIGURAS 18 a 20 se repiten las posiciones de las FIG 1 a 3 las lamas estan a un lado del eje secundario y presentan superficies inclinadas en su borde 20 interno y su borde externo, adoptando una cierta forma de quot;Squot; FIG 21 detalle en alzado de tope que impide giro del aspa con el viento sop lando en una cara del aspa 25 FIG 22 detalle en alzado de aspa libre con el viento soplando en la cara opuesta a donde sopla el viento en la FIG 21 Se trata de un molino de eje vertical (1) cuyas aspas (2) giran alrededor de unos ejes secundarios (3), ejes secundarios, que giran en bujes sujetos a una 30 pieza (4), que a su vez gira alrededor del eje vertical de revoluciones (1) El viento (representado con flechas paralelas) al impactar sobre las aspas (2) hacen girar las aspas sobre su eje secundario (3) y todo el conjunto sobre el eje de revoluciones (1) Con la aspas en posicion de maxima oposicion al viento FIG 21 (5), normalmente con la superficie de la aspas perpendicular a la horizontal, pues el viento es horizontal, el giro de la aspas segOn su eje secundario queda 5 impedido (6) en una direccion (8) y queda libre (9) en la direccion contraria FIG 22 (10), por ello en la direccion que queda impedido el giro, al impactar el viento sobre la aspas hace girar el eje de revoluciones vertical, mientras que si el viento impacta en la otra direccion hace girar la aspas sobre el eje secundario y no hace girar el eje de revoluciones vertical, cuanto menos pesen 10 las aspas, quedaran en menor oposicion al viento, al modo de las banderas FIG 22 En particular el aspas presentara su maxima oposion al viento al quedar colgando en vertical, al estar el eje secundario en, o cerca, de su borde 15 superior En el giro de las aspas alrededor del eje de revoluciones hay un momento critico y es cuando el eje secundario esta alineado con el viento, en esa posicion es util que las aspas presenten una superficie, que Ilamaremos 20 superficie A (11), enfrentada al viento que imprima a las aspas un giro (12) FIG 3 alrededor del eje secundario, girando el aspa en la direccion donde se vera limitada en su giro (13) y donde quedara en posicion de maxima oposicion al viento. 25 El giro alrededor del eje secundario se consigue si el eje secundario esta en, o cerca, del borde superior del aspa y en la parte interior la superficie del aspa se va separando (11) del eje secundario en la direccion de fuera a dentro Para conseguir la superficie A el eje secundario esta en, o cerca, del borde 30 superior del aspa y el aspa presenta un pliegue (14), o curvatura, cerca de su extremo exterior creando una una superficie inclinada respecto al eje secundario, esta superficie esta inclinada respecto al eje secundario con el borde exterior (15) adelantado respecto a la linea de pliegue (14), en la direccion del giro (16) del eje de revoluciones vertical, ademas puede haber otro pliegue (17), o curvtura, cerca de su extremo interior creando otra superficie (18) inclinada respecto al eje secundario, esta superficie inclinada respecto al eje secundario tiene su borde interior (19) retrasado respecto a la linea de pliegue (17), en la direccion del giro (16) del eje de revoluciones 5 vertical Todo el aspa puede estar inclinada respecto al eje secundario alrededor del cual gira FIG 6 a 10, presentando de ese modo toda su superficie como superficie A, con su borde exterior (20) adelantado respecto a su borde interior 10 (21), en la direccion del giro (16) del eje de revoluciones vertical Otra forma de conseguir la superficie A (11) FIG 15 y 16, el eje secundario esta en, o cerca, del borde superior del aspa y el aspa es una superficia alaveada presentando un borde superior (22) paralelo al eje secundario y el borde inferior 15 (23) no paralelo al eje secundario, el borde inferior tiene su extremo exterior (24) mas adelantado que el extremo interior (25), en la direccion del giro (16) del eje de revoluciones vertical Si elegimos, que visto en planta, el giro del eje vertical de la aeroturbina sea 20 contraria a las agujas del reloj, el giro de las aspas alrededor del eje secundario desde la posicion de minima oposicion al viento hacia la posicion de maxima oposicion, visto a traves del eje secundario y desde el exterior hacia el interior, sera contraria a las agujas del reloj, hasta que el giro ya no pueda continuar. 25 Con el eje secundario alineado al viento el impacto del viento sobre la superficie A hara girar la aspas alrededor del eje secundario, visto a traves del eje secundario y desde el exterior al interior, contraria a las agujas del reloj Y el giro desde esta posicion con el giro limitado hacia la posicion de minima 30 oposion al viento se realiza visto a traves del eje secundario y desde fuera a dentro segim las agujas del reloj Podemos elegir un giro del eje de revoluciones segOn las agujas del reloj entonces los giros del las aspas alrededor de su eje secundario sera al reves del descrito en el parrafo anterior 5 El giro desde la minima oposicion al viento hasta la maxima oposicion del viento se ve limitado o impedido mas haya de la maxima oposion de varias formas posibles 1) Mediante un tope rigido que impide continuar el giro, pudendo presentar 10 amortiguadores o eleastomero para evitar el golpe 2) Las aspas esta ligadas a su eje secundario mediante un resorte que aumenta su resistencia al Ilegar a la maxima oposicion al viento, tendiendo a evitar que el aspa gire mas haya de dicha posicion, pero que con vientos muy 15 fuertes pueden la aspas sobrepasar dicha posicion, comenzando a presentra menor oposicion al viento cuanto mas fuerte sea el viento (ello puede prevenir averias par sobrerevoluciones el eje vertical de revolucion) 3) Las aspas presentan un contrapeso, que queda al otro lado del eje 20 secundario, que en reposo dejan las aspas inclinadas y al soplar el viento, la turbina empieza a girar pues mientras unas aspas giran hacia la minima oposicion al viento otras lo hacen hacia la maxima oposicion, las aspas que giran hacia la minima oposicion dejan el contrapeso en su posicion mas baja, mientras las aspas que giran hasta la maxima oposicion al viento tienen que 25 levantar el contrapeso a su maxima altura posible 30 Podemos colocar una serie de turbinas FIG 11 que compartan al menos virtualmente el eje vertical de revolucion, ademas si una giran en un sentido y otras en el sentido contrario, ello equilibra dinamicamente el sistema En particular podemos considerar conjuntos de dos turbinas una encima de otra y girando al reves FIG 11 (26) y (27) Las turbinas puede sujetarse en un portico formado por una (28), o mas vigas (29), y soportes, la viga sera mas ancha que el giro de las aspas y se une en sus extremos a los soprtes, los soportes se sujetan en el suelo 5 Tambien podemos disponer un conjunto de aspas FIG 20 caracterizados porque sus ejes secundarios estan colocados unos encima de otros y articulados a una misma pieza (4), que gira segOn el eje vertical de revoluciones, los ejes secundarios se colocaran girados gradualmente de arriba a abajo hasta quedar el eje secundario inferior con la misma orientacion que el 10 eje secundario superior, para que no hayan solo dos ejes secundarios con la misma orientacion; el eje secundario mas elevado y el eje secundario mas bajo, podemos eliminar una de los dos ejes, con sus aspas De esta forma la turbina adopta forma de helicohide, que visto en alzado 15 presenta a un lado aspas en maxima oposicion al viento y al otro lado lamas en la minima oposicion al viento Dos aspas pueden compartir solidariamente un mismo eje secundario quedando cada una a un lado del eje de revolucion vertical, las aspas estaran 20 giradas 90a entre Si de modo que cuando un aspa, queda vertical y ofrece la maxima oposicion al viento, que es horizontal, la otra aspa queda horizontal ofreciendo la minima oposicion al viento, al quedar alineado con el P We are in the field of the generation of electrical energy by wind turbines are known windmills axis of horizontal revolution, there are also vertical axis windmills of revolution, the vertical axis mills have an elevation, a landscape occupation, lower than horizontal axis windmills Vertical axis wind turbine is a vertical axis wind turbine The aerogenerators have blades where the wind impacts by rotating the wind turbine This is a vertical shaft mill whose blades rotate around secondary axes, secondary axes , that revolve around the vertical axis of revolutions The wind on impact on the blades rotate the blades on its secondary axis and the whole on the axis of revolutions With the blades in opposition to the wind, usually with the surface of the blades perpendicular to the horizontal, because the wind is horizontal, the turn of the blades according to its secondary axis is impeded in one direction on and is free in the opposite direction, therefore in the direction that the turn is impeded, when the wind hits the blades it rotates the axis of vertical revolutions, while if the wind hits in the other direction it turns the blades on the secondary axis and does not rotate the axis of vertical revolutions, the less the blades weigh, they will be in less opposition to the wind, in the manner of the flags In particular the blade will present its maximum opposition to the wind when hanging vertically, as the secondary axis is on or near its upper edge. 5 In the rotation of the blades around the axis of revolutions there is a critical moment and it is when the secondary axis is aligned with the wind, in that position it is useful that the blades have a surface, which we call surface A, facing the wind that prints the blades a turn around the secondary axis, turning the blade in the direction where it will be limited in its 10 turn and where it will remain in position of maximum opposition to the wind. The turn around the secondary axis is achieved if the secondary axis is on or near the upper edge of the blade the surface is separated from the secondary axis in the direction from outside to inside 15 To get the surface A the secondary axis is in, or near the upper edge of the blade and the blade has a fold near its outer end creating an inclined surface with respect to the secondary axis, this surface is inclined with respect to the secondary axis with the outer edge 20 in front of the fold line, In the direction of rotation of the axis of vertical revolutions, in addition there may be another fold near its inner end creating another surface inclined with respect to the secondary axis, this surface inclined with respect to the secondary axis has its inner edge delayed with respect to the fold line, in the direction of rotation of the vertical revolving axis 25 The entire blade can be inclined with respect to the secondary axis around which it rotates, pres thereby entailing its entire surface as surface A, with its outer edge advanced with respect to its inner edge, in the direction of rotation of the vertical revolving axle Another way of achieving surface A, the secondary axis is at or near, of the upper edge of the slat and the slat is a serrated surface presenting an upper edge parallel to the secondary axis and the lower edge not parallel to the axis secondary, the lower edge has its outer end more advanced than the inner end, in the direction of rotation of the axis of vertical revolutions If we choose, that seen in plan, the rotation of the vertical axis of the wind turbine is counter-clockwise , the rotation of the blades around the secondary axis from the position of minimum opposition to the wind towards the position of maximum opposition, seen through the secondary axis and from the outside towards the interior, will be contrary to the clockwise, until the spin can no longer continue. 10 With the secondary axis aligned to the wind, the impact of the wind on the surface A will turn the vanes around the secondary axis, seen through the secondary axis and from the outside to the inside, counter-clockwise and the rotation from this position with the limited rotation towards the position of minimum 15 opposition to the wind is seen through the secondary axis and from outside to inside according to the clockwise We can choose a rotation of the axis of revolutions according to the clockwise then the turns of the blades around its secondary axis will be the reverse of the one described in the previous paragraph 25 The turn from the minimum opposition to the wind to the maximum opposition of the wind is limited or prevented but there is maximum opposition in several possible ways 1) Through a stop rigid that prevents to continue the turn, pudendo present shock absorbers or eleastomero to avoid the blow 2) The vanes are linked to its secondary axis by means of a spring that increases its r resistance to reach the maximum opposition to the wind, tending to prevent the blade from turning but has that position, but with very strong winds can the blade exceed that position, beginning to show less opposition to the wind the stronger the wind ( it can prevent breakdowns by over revolutions the vertical axis of revolution) 3) The blades have a counterweight, which is on the other side of the secondary axis, which at rest leaves the blades tilted and when the wind blows, the turbine begins to turn because while some blades turn towards the minimum 5 opposition to the wind others do towards the maximum opposition, the blades that rotate towards the minimum opposition leave the counterweight in its lowest position, while the blades that rotate until the maximum opposition to the wind have to lift the counterweight to its maximum possible height 10 We can place a series of turbines that they share at least virtually the vertical axis of revolution, in addition if one rotates in one direction and others in the opposite direction, it dynamically balances the system. In particular we can consider sets of two turbines one above 15 other and turning the other way Turbines can fastened in a portico formed by one, or more beams, and supports, the beam will be wider than the turn of the blades and joins at its ends to the soprtes, the supports They are fixed on the ground 20 We can also have a set of blades characterized because their secondary axes are placed on top of each other and articulated to the same piece, which rotates according to the vertical axis of revolutions, the secondary axes are placed gradually turned upwards to down until the lower secondary axis with the same orientation as the secondary secondary axis remains, so that there are not only two secondary axes with the same orientation; the highest secondary axis and the lowest secondary axis, we can eliminate one of the two axes, with their blades 30 In this way the turbine takes the form of helicohide, which seen in elevation presents blades on one side in maximum opposition to the wind and another side lamas in the minimum opposition to the wind Two vanes can jointly share the same secondary axis, each one being on one side of the axis of vertical revolution, the blades will be turned 90a to each other so that when one blade is vertical and offers the maximum opposition to the wind, which is horizontal, the another blade is horizontal 5 offering the minimum opposition to the wind, being aligned with the Brief description of the drawings FIG 1 View in prespective of a vertical shaft turbine the blade on the right 10 presents maxiona opposition the wind, represented by parallel arrows and the lama on the left presents minimal opposition to the wind, there are circular arrows on horizontal pianos representing the rotation of the vertical axis of the turbine's revolutions and circular arrows in vertical planes representing the rotation that the vint tries around the secondary axis 15 20 FIG 2 is the turbine of FIG 1 which has rotated 45 ° FIG 3 is the turbine of FIG 1 which has rotated 90 ° the secondary axis has started to rotate at mpacting the wind on the surface 5 FIG 4 is the turbine of FIG 1 that has rotated 135 ° the secondary axis has started to turn when the wind hits the surface 5 FIG 5 is the turbine of FIG 1 that has rotated 180 ° the lama that was on the right is now on the left and the lama on the left is now on the right, the turbine has an apposition to the wind is identical to that of FIG 1 FIGURES 6 to 10 are repeated positions is from FIGS. 1 to 5, the slats are 30 on one side of the secondary axis and inclined relative to the one, furthermore they move away from the secondary axis as they approach the center of the turbine. FIG 11 the vertical axis of revolutions of the turbine is fastened in a portico there are two sets of slats sharing physical or imaginary vertical axis rotating in opposite direction with respect to each other FIGURES 12 to 14 repeat the positions of FIG 1 to 3 the slats are on one side of the secondary axis and have a fold at its outer end having a surface inclined with respect to the secondary axis FIGURES 15 to 16 the positions of FIGS. 1 to 3 are repeated the slats are at 10 one side of the shaft secondary and are provided having an upper edge parallel to the secondary axis and the lower edge not parallel to the secondary axis, the lower edge has its outer end more advanced than the inner end according to the direction of rotation of the vertical axis of rotation 15 FIG 17 is a set of slats whose secondary axes are arranged forming a helicoid FIGURES 18 to 20 repeat the positions of FIGS. 1 to 3 the slats are on one side of the secondary axis and have inclined surfaces on their inner edge 20 and their outer edge, adopting a certain "squot" shape; FIG 21 detail in elevation of stop that prevents rotation of the blade with the wind blowing on one side of the blade 25 FIG 22 detail in elevation of free blade with the wind blowing on the face opposite to where the wind blows in FIG 21 of a vertical axis mill (1) whose blades (2) rotate around secondary axes (3), secondary axes, which rotate in bushings subject to a piece (4), which in turn rotates about the vertical axis of revolutions (1) The wind (represented by parallel arrows) on impact on the blades (2) rotate the blades on its secondary axis (3) and the whole on the axis of revolutions (1) With the blades in position of maximum opposition to the wind FIG 21 (5), normally with the surface of the blades perpendicular to the horizontal, because the wind is horizontal, the turn of the blades according to its secondary axis is prevented (6) in a direction (8) and remains free (9) in the opposite direction FIG 22 (10), therefore in the direction that the rotation is prevented, when the wind hits the blades it rotates the axis of vertical revolutions, while if the wind impacts in the other direction turns the blades on the secondary axis and does not rotate the axis of vertical revolutions, the less the blades weigh, they will be less opposed to the wind, in the manner of the flags FIG 22 In particular the blades present its maximum opposition to the wind to be hanging vertically, to be the secondary axis in or near its upper edge 15 In the rotation of the blades around the axis of revolutions there is a critical moment and is when the secondary axis is aligned with the wind, in e It is useful that the blades have a surface, which we will call surface A (11), facing the wind that will print the blades a turn (12) FIG 3 around the secondary axis, turning the blade in the direction where it will be limited in its turn (13) and where it will remain in position of maximum opposition to the wind. 25 The rotation around the secondary axis is achieved if the secondary axis is at or near the upper edge of the blade and on the inside the surface of the blade is separated (11) from the secondary axis in the direction from outside to inside. To obtain the surface A the secondary axis is at or near the upper edge 30 of the blade and the blade has a fold (14), or curvature, near its outer end creating a surface inclined with respect to the secondary axis, this surface is inclined with respect to the secondary axis with the outer edge (15) advanced with respect to the fold line (14), in the direction of rotation (16) of the vertical axis of rotation, there may also be another fold (17), or curving, near its inner end creating another surface (18) inclined with respect to the secondary axis, this surface inclined with respect to the secondary axis has its inner edge (19) delayed with respect to the fold line (17) , in the direction of rotation (16) of the vertical axis of revolution 5 The entire blade can be inclined with respect to the secondary axis around which it rotates FIG 6 to 10, thereby presenting its entire surface as surface A, with its outer edge ( 20) in relation to its inner edge 10 (21), in the direction of rotation (16) of the vertical revolving axis Another way of achieving the surface A (11) FIG 15 and 16, the secondary axis is at or near, of the upper edge of the blade and the blade is a serrated surface having an upper edge (22) parallel to the secondary axis and the lower edge 15 (23) not parallel to the secondary axis, the lower edge having its outer end (24) more advanced than the inner end (25), in the Direction of the rotation (16) of the axis of vertical revolutions If we choose, that seen in plan, the rotation of the vertical axis of the wind turbine is opposite to the needles of the clock, the turn of the vanes around the secondary axis from the position of minimum opposition to the wind towards the position of maximum opposition, seen through the secondary axis and from the outside to the inside, it will be contrary to the hands of the clock, until the turn can no longer continue. 25 With the secondary axis aligned to the wind the impact of the wind on the surface A will turn the vanes around the secondary axis, seen through the secondary axis and from the outside to the inside, counter-clockwise And the rotation from this position with the limited turn to the position of minimum 30 opposition to the wind is seen through the secondary axis and from outside to inside the clockwise We can choose a rotation of the axis of revolutions according to the hands of the clock then the turns of the vanes around its secondary axis will be the reverse of that described in the previous paragraph 5 The rotation from the minimum opposition to the wind until the maximum opposition of the wind is seen limited or prevented but there is the maximum opposition in several possible ways 1) By a rigid stop that prevents the rotation continue, I can present 10 shock absorbers or eleastomere to avoid the blow 2) The vanes are linked to its secondary axis by a spring that increases its resistance to reach the maximum opposition to the wind, tending to prevent the blade from turning more of said position, but with very strong winds the blades can overcome this position, beginning to present less opposition to the wind the stronger the wind (this can prevent malfunctions for over revolutions the vertical axis of revolution) 3) The blades have a counterweight, which is on the other side of the axis 20 sec dario, that at rest leave the inclined blades and when the wind blows, the turbine begins to turn because while some blades turn towards the minimum opposition to the wind others do it towards the maximum opposition, the blades that turn towards the minimum opposition leave the counterweight in its lowest position, while the blades that turn to the maximum opposition to the wind have to lift the counterweight to its maximum possible height. 30 We can place a series of FIG 11 turbines that share at least virtually the vertical axis of revolution, as well as one rotates in one direction and the other in the opposite direction, it dynamically balances the system. In particular we can consider sets of two turbines on top of each other and turning the other way FIG 11 (26) and (27) The turbines can be fastened in a portico formed by one (28), or more beams (29), and supports, the beam will be wider than the turn of the blades and joins at its ends to the soprtes, the supports are fastened in the floor 5 We can also arrange a set of FIG 20 blades characterized because their secondary axes are placed on top of each other and articulated to the same piece (4), which rotates according to the vertical axis of revolutions, the secondary axes will be placed gradually rotated top to bottom until the lower secondary axis remains with the same orientation as the upper secondary axis, so that there are not only two secondary axes with the same orientation; the highest secondary axis and the lowest secondary axis, we can eliminate one of the two axes, with their blades. In this way the turbine adopts a helicoid shape, which when seen in elevation 15 has blades on one side in maximum opposition to the wind and On the other hand, the blades are in the minimum opposition to the wind. Two blades can jointly share the same secondary axis, each one being on one side of the vertical revolution axis, the blades will be rotated 90a between Si so that when one blade is vertical and offers the maximum opposition to the wind, which is horizontal, the other blade is horizontal offering the minimum opposition to the wind, to be aligned with the

Claims

1) A VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE is a vertical axis wind turbine characterized in that the blades rotate around secondary axes „and these secondary axes rotate around the vertical axis of the wind generator 2) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1 characterized in that in opposition to the wind, normally with the surface of the blades perpendicular to the horizontal, since the wind is horizontal, the rotation of the blades according to its secondary axis is prevented in one direction and is free in the opposite direction 3) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1 and / or 2 characterized in that the blades will present their maximum opposition to the wind when hanging vertically, as the secondary axis is at, or near, its upper edge 4) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2 and / or 3. Characterized by the fact that with the secondary axis aligned with the wind, the blades present a surface, which we will call surface A, facing the wind that gives the blades a turn around the secondary axis, turning the blade in the direction where it will be limited in its rotation. and where it will be in a position of maximum opposition to the wind. 5) AEROTURBINE WITH A VERTICAL AXIS according to claim 1, 2, 3 and / or 4 characterized in that the secondary axis is at, or near, the upper edge of the blade and on the inside the surface of the blade is separating from the secondary axis in the direction from outside to inside 6) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4 and / or 5 characterized in that the secondary axis is at, or near, the upper edge of the blade and the blade has a fold, or curvature, near its outer end creating an inclined surface with respect to the secondary axis, this surface is inclined with respect to the secondary axis with the outer edge leading With respect to the fold line, in the direction of the rotation of the vertical axis of revolution 7) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to: m claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and / or 6 5 characterized in that there is a fold, or curvature, near its inner end creating an inclined surface with respect to the secondary axis, this inclined surface with respect to the secondary axis has its inner edge set back with respect to the fold line, in the direction of rotation of the vertical axis of revolution 10 8) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE segt: in claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and / or 7 characterized in that the entire blade can be inclined with respect to the secondary axis around which it rotates, thus presenting its entire surface as surface A, with its edge exterior ahead of its interior edge, in the direction of rotation of the vertical axis of revolution 15 9) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and / or 6 characterized in that the secondary axis is at, or near , from the edge I knew The upper edge of the blade and the blade is a waved surface presenting an upper edge parallel to the secondary axis and the lower edge not parallel to the secondary axis, the lower edge has its outer end more advanced than the inner end, in the direction of rotation of the shaft. of vertical revolutions 10) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and / or 9 characterized in that seen in plan, the rotation of the vertical axis of the wind turbine is opposite to the needles of the clock, the rotation of the blades around the secondary axis from the position of minimum opposition to the wind towards the position of maximum opposition, seen through the secondary axis and from the outside to the inside, is counterclockwise, until that the turn can no longer continue, with the secondary axis aligned with the wind, the impact of the wind on surface A makes the blade rotate around the secondary axis, seen through the secondary axis and from the outside to the inside, counterclockwise and the turn from this position with the limited turn towards the position of minimum opposition to the wind is done seen through the secondary axis and from outside to inside according to the needles of the clock 11) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 and / or 9 characterized in that seen in plan the rotation of the axis of revolutions is according to the needles of the clock then the turns of the blades around its secondary axis 5 will be the reverse of that described in claim 10 12) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and / or 11 characterized in that the rotation From the minimum opposition to the wind to the maximum opposition of the wind, it is limited or impeded beyond the maximum 10 opposition by means of a rigid stop that prevents the turn from continuing, and may present shock absorbers or eleastomers to avoid the blow. 13) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and / or 11 characterized in that the turn from the minimum wind opposition 15 to the maximum wind opposition is limited or impeded beyond the limit. maximum opposition by means of a spring that increases its resistance when reaching the maximum opposition to the wind, tending to prevent the blade from rotating beyond that position, but with very strong winds the blade can exceed that position, beginning to present less opposition to the wind the stronger the wind 14) AEROTURBINE WITH VERTICAL AXIS segim claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 and / or 11 characterized in that the turn from the minimum opposition to the wind to the maximum opposition of the wind is limited or prevented beyond the 25 maximum opposition by means of a counterweight, which is on the other side of the secondary axis, which leaves the blades inclined at rest and when the wind blows, the turbine begins to rotate because while some blades rotate towards the minimum opposition to the wind others do it towards the maximum opposition, the blades that rotate towards the minimum opposition leave the counterweight in its lowest position, 30 while the blades that rotate until the maximum opposition to the wind have to lift the counterweight to its maximum possible height 15) AEROTURBINE OF AXLE VIEW TICAL according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13 and / or 14 characterized by at least two turbines that share at least virtually the vertical axis of revolution, one being able to rotate in one direction and the other in the opposite direction 16) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 5 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14 and / or 15 characterized in that the turbines are held in a portico formed by one, or more beams, and supports, the beam will be wider than the rotation of the blades and is joined at its ends to the supports, the supports are attached to the ground 10 17) VERTICAL AXIS AIR TURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 and / or 16 characterized by a set of blades characterized in that their secondary axes are placed on top of each other and articulated to the same piece, which rotates according to the vertical axis of revolutions, the secondary axes will be placed gradually rotated from 15 up to down 18) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 17 characterized in that the lower secondary axis remains in the same orientation as the axis is upper secondary and we eliminate one of these two axes with its blades 20 19) VERTICAL AXIS AEROTURBINE according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15 , 16, 17 and / or 18 characterized in that two blades share the same secondary axis, each one remaining on one side of the vertical axis of revolution, the blades will be rotated relative to each other so that when a 25 blade, it remains vertical and offers maximum opposition to the wind, which is horizontal, the other blade remains horizontal, offering minimal opposition to the wind, as it is aligned with the •