ES2389417A1 - Cover for roofs and facades - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cover for roofs and facades made up of prefabricated panels comprising a lower support layer (1), an intermediate layer (2) of insulating material and an upper water-proof layer (3), on which overlay parts (10) are arranged. The panels have hooks (9) for holding the overlay parts. The upper waterproof layer prolongs on one side into a fringe (5), on the opposite side into a flange (6) having a smaller width. The panels are attached by their edges, with the fringe (7) of each panel overlapped on the panel of the next row.

Description

Roof for roofs and facades.

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a roof for roofs or facades, constituted on the basis of prefabricated panels, generally of rectangular contour, which are composed of a lower support layer, an intermediate layer of insulating material and an impermeable upper layer, on which fixed pieces of coating, usually slate. The waterproof top layer can be metallic in nature.

Background of the invention

Covers made of prefabricated sandwich panels with metallic finish are already known.

On the other hand, the assembly of slate applied to roofs is currently complex and slow, requiring a very specialized workforce that is increasingly difficult to obtain. The important economic impact of this means that every day the number of people who choose to cover their roof or facade with slate is smaller. It is also a product with ample possibilities of success in countries where there is no tradition of slate roofs.

Description of the invention

The present invention has as its object a roof covering, of the indicated type, constituted so that, by means of a simple and rapid construction system, it allows to obtain a cover of traditional appearance, with covering pieces, for example slate, and with excellent properties of thermal insulation.

The cover of the invention is formed on the basis of panels constituted so that the construction of the cover can be carried out in a quick and efficient way, allowing to obtain a finished cover, both inside and outside of it.

In accordance with the invention, the panels that make up the cover have steps formed on the impermeable upper layer, which run parallel to two of the edges of the panel, all of them descending in the same direction, this upper layer extending on the side adjacent to the step lower, with respect to the intermediate layer, in a strip of constant width, while from the opposite side this same upper layer is extended in a longitudinal wing of smaller width than the opposite strip and which is also inclined upward.

These panels are carriers of hooks that protrude from the top layer thereof, in coincidence or proximity to the steps, being arranged at distances coinciding with the dimensions of the covering pieces and with the opening thereof directed towards the previous step, all this so that each hook embraces, in the formation of the cover, the outline of a piece of slate, from the bottom edge of the same and in coincidence with its central transverse line.

In the formation of the roof, the panels are arranged consecutively attached by their edges, with the protruding strip of each panel overlapping on the panel of the next row of panels, in the descending direction of the roof, leaving the wing thereof located below of the overlapping strip thus providing the waterproofing of the joint.

The covering pieces are arranged on the upper layer of the panel assembly, coinciding with the steps of the upper layer, being fixed thereon by means of an adhesive and with the lower edge coupled within a hook. These covering pieces can be fixed on the panels from the factory or can be assembled on site, once the panels are arranged on the roof.

According to another feature of the invention, the lower support layer protrudes on one side and is retracted by the opposite, with respect to the intermediate layer, in the direction of the roof slope. In the construction of the roof, the projecting portion of the lower layer of the panels of a row is introduced into the retracted section thereof of the panels of the row located immediately above.

With the exposed constitution a double overlap between panels of consecutive rows is achieved. On the one hand through the strip and protruding wing of the upper layer of the panels and, on the other, through the protruding and retracted portion of the lower support layer.

If the panels are not carriers of the covering pieces, once the panels are placed in the manner already described, these covering pieces will be fixed, by means of an adhesive on the steps of the upper layer and with the lower longitudinal edge of each piece inserted in one of the hooks of the cover. On the separation line of consecutive panels of the same row, cover pieces can be arranged directly that rest on each two consecutive panels and even arrange on the separation line of said panels a band of waterproofing material, which can be of the same nature as the upper layer and which will have the same steps as said layer. This band is fixed on the upper layer of two consecutive panels, by means of a sealing material, thus leaving the entire surface decided by the panels sealed and ready for the arrangement of the coating pieces.

As already indicated, the panels can be carriers of the covering pieces, which are arranged on the free surface of the upper layer of the panels, even on the protruding strip, except in an area adjacent to the inclined wing of the upper layer , of width equal to the opposite protruding strip of said upper layer, to allow overlap between panels of consecutive rows.

Panels that are carriers of the covering pieces may also lack the pieces adjacent to the edges of the upper layer perpendicular to the steps of said layer. These pieces, when building the roof. Once the panels are placed, they will be arranged so that they support between consecutive panels of the same row, thus closing the line of separation between them. Also, as in the case described above, a waterproofing strip can be arranged on the separation line between consecutive panels of the same row, which can be of the same nature as the top layer and which will have the same transverse steps. In the same way, this band is fixed to the top layer by a sealing material. Subsequently, the covering pieces necessary to complete the cover between consecutive panels of the same row are arranged on said band.

When the panels are carriers of the covering pieces, they can protrude with respect to one of the edges of the upper layer perpendicular to the steps of said layer, in a longitudinal strip of constant width, while from the opposite edge it will lack the retraction pieces in an area of equal dimension. In the construction of the roof, the protruding covering pieces of each panel are overlapped on the area devoid of covering pieces of the adjacent panel of the same row. Under the protruding parts the waterproofing top layer of the panels can be extended.

According to another embodiment, the upper layer of the panel extends in a direction perpendicular to the slope on one of the edges of the intermediate layer in a portion that forms a gutter of height less than said panel. The bottom layer of the panel will run below the bottom of this gutter. On the opposite side to that occupied by the gutter, the panel has, from the free surface of the lower layer, a longitudinal step of cross section approximately equal to the external cross-section of the opposite gutter. With this constitution, when forming the roof, the step of a panel overlaps the gutter of the adjacent panel of the same line.

These gutter panels, as in the previous cases, may lack the panels or be carriers of the panels, with the same variants set forth above.

In any of the exposed cases, the construction of the roof can be carried out quickly, by arranging the panels aligned perpendicular to the slope of the roof, forming consecutive rows, overlapping in the manner described, both if the panels lack the covering pieces or are carriers of them.

In the case of the pieces that are carriers of a gutter that will run in the direction of the slope, this gutter can be extended by one end, with respect to the corresponding edge of the panel, in an externally sized portion to engage inside the adjacent gutter of the row below, in the direction of the slope of the roof.

Brief description of the drawings

The enclosed drawings show a cover constructed in accordance with the invention, given by way of non-limiting example and from panels lacking or carrying the covering pieces. In the drawings:

Figure 1 is a perspective of a panel for the construction of the cover of the invention, devoid of cover pieces.

Figure 2 is a cross section of the panel, taken along the line II-II of Figure 1.

Figure 3 is a longitudinal section of the panel, taken along section line III-III.

Figure 4 is a perspective similar to Figure 1, showing the panel with the covering pieces.

Figure 5 is a cross-section of the panel with the covering pieces, taken along the line V-V of Figure 4.

Figure 6 is a partial perspective view of a roof constructed with the panels of Figures 1 or

Four.

Figure 7 is a partial section of the roof, taken along section line VII-VII of Figure

6.

Figure 8 is a partial section of the cover, taken along the line VIII-VIII of Figure 15.

Figure 9 is a view similar to Figure 4, showing a possible arrangement of the coating pieces on the panel.

Figure 10 is a partial perspective view of the arrangement of two panels of Figure 9 in the cover formation.

Figure 11 is a view similar to Figure 4, showing another variant of execution, with the panel without cover pieces.

Figure 12 is a longitudinal section of the same panel, taken along section line XII-XII of Figure 11.

Figure 13 shows in perspective the arrangement of the panels of Figure 11 in the formation of a row of the roof.

Figure 14 shows the same panel of Figure 11, with the covering pieces fixed.

Figure 15 is a partial perspective view of a roof constructed with the panels of Figures 11 and 14.

Figure 16 shows schematically the encounter of panels of figures 11 or 14 in a change of slope of the roof.

Detailed description of one embodiment

A panel for the construction of the cover of the invention is shown in Figures 1 to 3, which is composed of a lower support layer 1, an intermediate layer 2 of insulating material and a waterproofing upper layer 3, which will preferably be of nature metallic These three layers are joined together and the lower support layer 1 can have a free surface that defines the interior finish of the cover.

The waterproof upper layer 3 has steps 4 equidistant and parallel to two of the sides of the panel, all of them descending in the same direction, which will correspond to the descending direction of the slope of the roof being constructed. This upper layer 3 extends on the side adjacent to the lower step 4 in a longitudinal strip 5 of constant width, while from the opposite edge the same upper layer is extended in a longitudinal wing 6 of smaller width, which is inclined in the direction ascending, as can be best seen in Figure 2.

With respect to the same sides of the panel, the lower layer 1 protrudes on one side in a strip 7, while on the opposite side it is retracted in a section or portion 8 of equal width.

The panel with the described construction is a carrier of hooks 9 that protrude with respect to the upper layer 3, in coincidence with the steps 4 or in the vicinity thereof, being also directed towards the anterior step, as best seen in Figure 2. The hooks 9 are arranged at distances coinciding with the dimensions of the covering pieces that will be used in the formation of the cover, as will be explained later.

The layers 1, 2 and 3 of the panel will be joined, for example by means of an adhesive material.

The described panel can also be a carrier of the covering pieces 10, for example based on slate, which are fixed by means of an adhesive in the flat areas 4, between consecutive steps 4, with the lower longitudinal edge of each piece 10, in the direction of the slope of the roof to be constructed, embraced by one of the hooks 9, all as shown in figures 4 and 5. The panel may lack the covering pieces adjacent to the points of the panel that will run in the direction of the slope of the roof. In the example represented in figure 4 the panel will lack the covering pieces that would occupy the positions 10 'of the figure

4. As best seen in Figure 5, the covering pieces 10 also extend over the protruding strip 5 of the top layer 3. Figure 6 shows the arrangement of two consecutive panels 12 in a row of the cover, between which a separation line 13 is defined. If the cover is formed with panels such as those shown in figures 1 and 3, once the panels are consecutively coupled, in the form represented in figure 6, the pieces of slate 6, except in zones 10 ', coinciding with the areas indicated with the same reference in figure 4. In the case where panels 1 are carriers of parts 10, as in the example of figures 4 and 5, the panels are arranged in the same way, delimiting the same line of separation 13 and with the zones 10 'devoid of covering pieces.

On the adjacent areas 10 'a band 14 of impermeable material is disposed, which can be of the same nature as the top layer 3 of the panels, for example of a metallic nature and which includes steps 4' coinciding with the steps 4 of the layer upper 3. This band 14, is fixed by a sealing material on the zones 10 'of the two consecutive panels 12, covering and closing the separation line 13 between these panels thus ensuring waterproofing. Next, the plates 10 '' of Figure 6 are arranged, which will occupy the zones 10 ', crossing the band 14 and thus completing the cover with all the covering pieces.

In FIGS. 7, the impermeable band 14 is shown already fixed on the upper layer 3 of the two consecutive panels, covering and sealing the separation line 13 between said panels.

The panels 15 of consecutive rows, in the direction of the slope of the roof, are arranged as shown in Figure 8, with the strip 7 protruding from each panel overlapped on the panel of the lower row, exceeding the wing 6 and with the free longitudinal edge near the bottom of the nearest hooks 9, within which the lower edge of the covering pieces 10 will also be coupled. With this arrangement, the separation line 16 between the panels 15 is perfectly sealed by the overlap of the strip 7 on the adjacent panel. Lowerly the projecting portion 7 of the lower layer 1 of the panels is engaged in the recess 8 of the adjacent panel. With the described arrangement of the panels, a perfect closure and sealing between consecutive panels in all directions of the roof is achieved.

Figure 9 shows a panel similar to that of Figures 4 and 5, carrier of the covering pieces 10, which protrude, from one of the sides of the panel perpendicular to the steps 4, in a longitudinal strip 16, while from the opposite side the panel lacks the covering pieces 10 in an area 17 of equal width. By arranging the panels for the formation of a line, as set forth with reference to Figure 6, the projecting portion 16 of a panel will overlap in the portion 17 devoid of covering pieces of the adjacent panel, the line of the same being separation 13 between consecutive panels duly sealed, all as shown in figure 10, where the same consecutive panels 12 of figure 6 appear, belonging to the same line, with the projecting portion 16 of one of the panels 12 arranged to overlap on the portion 17 of the adjacent panel, devoid of covering pieces 10.

Figure 11 shows a variant of the execution of the panel of Figures 1 to 3, in which the upper layer 3 of the panel is extended, from one of the edges perpendicular to the steps 4, in a portion that forms a gutter 18 height less than the thickness of the panel. Under the bottom of this gutter runs the lower layer 1. On the opposite side of the panel the intermediate layer 2 has a longitudinal step 19, from the free surface of the lower layer 1, which is of approximately equal cross section to the section external transverse of the gutter 18. With this constitution, for the formation of the roof, as shown in figures 12 and 13, the step 19 of one of the panels is coupled on the gutter 18 of the adjacent panel 12 and the separation line 13 between the two panels 12 will be covered and sealed by any of the systems described as for example with cover pieces 10 '' as in the case of Figure 6. The edge of the panel adjacent to the gutter 18 can have a longitudinal groove 20.

In figure 14 a panel is shown equal to that of figure 11 but including the covering pieces 10, which can occupy the distribution of figures 4 or 9 for the formation of the cover, as shown in figure 15, where the Honeycombs belonging to consecutive rows are overlapped in the manner described with reference to Figure 8, while the separation between consecutive panels of the same line is achieved in the manner described with reference to Figure 13.

In Figure 16, a closing or sealing system between panels 21 of consecutive rows is shown, among which there is a change in slope. The gap 22 between these two panels 21 can be sealed, for example, by a plate 23, for example of a metallic nature, which has a break 24 with an angle coinciding with the change in slope of the roof. This plate 24 is introduced under the upper layer 3 of the panel that occupies the upper position, in the direction of the slope of the cover, and overlaps on the upper layer 3 of the adjacent panel of the next line, being able to be retained therein. by the corresponding hooks 9 and / or by screws or nails 25 with a tight seal. Between the gutters 18 of the panels 21 there is an intermediate connecting piece 26 grooved, externally attachable on the gutter 18 of the panel occupying the upper position, internally in the gutter 18 of the panel 21 occupying the lower position.

In short, whatever the constitution of the panels, the formation of the roof is achieved by consecutively attaching these panels by their edges, forming consecutive rows that are sealed in the manner described and the covering pieces 10 being arranged thereon, in the if the panels lack the covering pieces, or only the covering pieces 10 'necessary to complete the cover.

The cover described is equally applicable as a wall protection cover.

Claims (9)

1. Roof covering or facades, consisting of prefabricated panels with a square contour comprising a lower support layer, an intermediate layer of insulating material, and a waterproof top layer that forms steps parallel to two of the sides of the panel , on which cladding pieces are fixed, characterized in that:

-

The panels are carriers of hooks that protrude from the upper layer of said panels in coincidence with the steps, are arranged at distances coinciding with the dimensions of the covering pieces and with the opening directed towards the previous step, to each embrace the edge of a covering piece, coinciding with its central transverse line;

-

The waterproof upper layer extends on the side of the panel adjacent to the lower step, with respect to the intermediate layer, in a strip of constant width, while on the opposite side it extends on a longitudinal wing of smaller width that is inclined upward ;

-

The panels are arranged consecutively attached by their edges, with the protruding strip of each panel overlapping on the panel of the next row of panels, downward of the slope, from the intermediate wing thereof.

2. Cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the lower layer protrudes on one side and is retracted by the opposite in equal magnitude, in the direction of the slope, with respect to the intermediate layer. 3. Cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the panels are carriers of the covering pieces, except in an area adjacent to the inclined wing of the upper layer, of width equal to the opposite protruding strip of said upper layer. 4. Cover according to claim 3, characterized in that the panels also lack the covering pieces adjacent to the edges of the upper layer perpendicular to the steps of said layer, being arranged externally on consecutive panels of the same line coinciding with the line of separation between them, a waterproofing band that has transverse steps coinciding with the steps of the upper layer of the panels and is fixed to said upper layer by a sealing material, the covering pieces necessary to complete the cover between panels being arranged on this band consecutive. 5. - Cover according to claim 3, characterized in that the covering pieces protrude from one of the edges of the panel perpendicular to the steps thereof in a longitudinal strip, while from the opposite edge it lacks the covering pieces in an area of equal dimensions, overlapping the protruding strip of the covering pieces of a panel over the area lacking said pieces of the adjacent panel of the same line. 6. Cover according to claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the upper layer of the panel extends in a direction perpendicular to the slope on one of the edges of the intermediate layer in a portion that forms a gutter of height less than that of said panel, under whose bottom the lower layer runs, while the opposite side of the panel has, from the free surface of the lower layer, a longitudinal step of cross-section approximately equal to the external cross-section of the opposite gutter, the step of a panel on the gutter of the adjacent panel of the same row. 7. Cover according to claim 6, characterized in that the panels are carriers of the covering pieces, except in an area adjacent to the inclined wing of the upper layer, of dimensions equal to those of the opposite protruding strip of said upper layer. 8. - Cover according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that between the aligned gutters belonging to panels of consecutive rows there is a grooved piece of intermediate connection. SPANISH OFFICE OF THE PATENTS AND BRAND Application no .: 201031778 SPAIN Date of submission of the application: 30.11.2010 Priority Date: REPORT ON THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE 51 Int. Cl.: See Additional Sheet RELEVANT DOCUMENTS

Category

56 Documents cited Claims Affected

TO

FR 2396845 (VUARNESSON, P.) 02.02.1979, the whole document. 1-8

TO

FR 1450097 A (MILLARD F.) 19.08.1965, the whole document. 1-8

TO

WO 2010100300 A2 (CUPA INNOVACIÓN, S.L.U.) 10.09.2010, the whole document. 1-8

TO

GB 2269836 A (FORTICRETE LIMITED) 23.02.1994, the whole document. 1-8

TO

WO 2005059265 A1 (KINGSPAN HOLDINGS IRL LTD; STEVENS MARK VICTOR) 06.30.2005, the whole document. 1-8

Category of the documents cited X: of particular relevance Y: of particular relevance combined with other / s of the same category A: reflects the state of the art O: refers to unwritten disclosure P: published between the priority date and the date of priority submission of the application E: previous document, but published after the date of submission of the application

This report has been prepared • for all claims • for claims no:

Date of completion of the report 11.10.2012

Examiner E. Albarrán Gómez Page 1/4

REPORT OF THE STATE OF THE TECHNIQUE Application number: 201031778 CLASSIFICATION OBJECT OF THE APPLICATION E04B7 / 22 (2006.01) E04B2 / 92 (2006.01) E04B1 / 76 (2006.01) E04C2 / 52 (2006.01) E04D3 / 35 (2006.01) E04C2 / 292 (2006.01) Minimum documentation sought (classification system followed by classification symbols) E04B, E04C, E04D Electronic databases consulted during the search (name of the database and, if possible, search terms used) INVENTIONS, EPODOC State of the Art Report Page 2/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201031778 Date of Written Opinion: 11.10.2012 Statement

Novelty (Art. 6.1 LP 11/1986)

Claims Claims 1-8 IF NOT

Inventive activity (Art. 8.1 LP11 / 1986)

Claims Claims 1-8 IF NOT

The application is considered to comply with the industrial application requirement. This requirement was evaluated during the formal and technical examination phase of the application (Article 31.2 Law 11/1986).  Opinion Base.- This opinion has been made on the basis of the patent application as published. State of the Art Report Page 3/4  WRITTEN OPINION Application number: 201031778  1. Documents considered.- The documents belonging to the state of the art taken into consideration for the realization of this opinion are listed below.

Document

Publication or Identification Number publication date

D01

FR 2396845 (VUARNESSON, P.) 02.02.1979

D02

FR 1450097 A (MILLARD F.) 19.08.1965

D03

WO 2010100300 A2 (CUPA INNOVACIÓN, S.L.U.) 10.09.2010

D04

GB 2269836 A (FORTICRETE LIMITED) 23.02.1994

D05

WO 2005059265 A1 (KINGSPAN HOLDINGS STEVENS MARK VICTOR) IRL LTD; 06.30.2005

 2. Statement motivated according to articles 29.6 and 29.7 of the Regulations for the execution of Law 11/1986, of March 20, on Patents on novelty and inventive activity; quotes and explanations in support of this statement The present invention relates to a roof for roofs and facades, constituted on the basis of prefabricated panels comprising a lower support layer, an intermediate layer of insulating material and a waterproof top layer, on which coating pieces are arranged. The panels are hook carriers to hug the coating pieces. The waterproof top layer extends on one side on a strip and on the opposite on a wing of smaller width. The panels are arranged attached by their edges, with the strip of each panel overlapping on the panel of the next row. Document D01 is intended for a system of roofs with panels, in this case two layers, whose upper layer has steps parallel to two sides of the square panel, on which cover pieces are fixed and with fixing elements for the Small panels or covering pieces. The upper layer has a strip that overlaps on the panel of the next row, specifically on the same upper layer thereof. The cover has the appearance of being composed only of small elements, given the alternation between the arrangement of small elements and the free space left in alternate rows of the large panels. The system described in D01 does not have panels with three layers, the fixing elements of the covering pieces are not located in coincidence with the steps of the panel, and the upper layer has a strip that protrudes to one side with respect to the intermediate layer ( in this case lower) insulator, but not a wing that protrudes from the other side. Document D02 refers to a roof covering, consisting of prefabricated curved plates, with three layers: a lower support, an intermediate of insulating synthetic material and a waterproof top layer made of rigid synthetic material. This top layer follows the shape coinciding with the convex part of the covering elements or tiles to which they are attached by bonding or other means. The panels are connected by their lateral surfaces and thanks to a strip that protrudes from the upper layer, this ensures the tightness and the desired expansion set. It does not follow from this document that the steps or projections of the top layer of these panels are parallel to two sides of the panel. In addition, the panels are not carriers of hooks that protrude from the top layer and embrace the covering pieces. The strip protruding from the upper layer is placed on the upper layer of the corresponding panel of the next row, but not on a wing that protrudes from the intermediate layer of said panel. On that side of the panel the upper layer is flush with the intermediate layer. Document D03 is intended as a covering for roofs and vertical walls, it is constituted by a prefabricated comprising a base layer and a top coating. The base layer consists of a waterproofing substrate that can be metallic in nature, for example aluminum, or be made of bituminous fabrics, plastic, waterproofing fabric, etc. As for the top covering, it is composed of slate pieces that are fixed to the base layer by means of an adhesive, for example, by an epoxy resin, polyester resin, polyurethane glue, etc. The pieces of slate are fixed to the deck through mechanical fastening means, such as hooks or sheets. The slate pieces will be arranged on the base layer forming a single row. The base layer serves as a support for the slate pieces and protrudes, from the surface occupied by the row of slate pieces, along two of the edges. Document D04 discloses a roofing element comprising a first layer based on for example concrete or a polymeric aggregate and a second layer of a material having a density less than the material of the first layer. At the ends there are overlapping areas and a recessing zone that allow adjacent pieces to fit together. Document D05 refers to a flat panel for roofs with an inner layer, an outer layer, a body of insulating material between them and an impermeable membrane attached to the outer layer. The impermeable membrane comprises a coating that extends laterally over the marginal edges of adjacent panels to form a tight connection between them. It has not been disclosed in the state of the art a roof and roof covering as described in the present application, consequently it is considered that the invention set forth in claims 1-8 could have novelty and inventive activity (Art. 6.1 and 8.1. LP 11/1986). State of the Art Report Page 4/4