ES2366249A1 - Method for generating heat energy and electrical energy from various types of waste and system for implementing said method - Google Patents
Method for generating heat energy and electrical energy from various types of waste and system for implementing said method Download PDFInfo
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- ES2366249A1 ES2366249A1 ES201131465A ES201131465A ES2366249A1 ES 2366249 A1 ES2366249 A1 ES 2366249A1 ES 201131465 A ES201131465 A ES 201131465A ES 201131465 A ES201131465 A ES 201131465A ES 2366249 A1 ES2366249 A1 ES 2366249A1
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- boiler
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- biogas
- steam
- water
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 27
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000002351 wastewater Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000002910 solid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- 239000008213 purified water Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000005611 electricity Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000010808 liquid waste Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003134 recirculating effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 description 6
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 4
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 description 3
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 3
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000010891 toxic waste Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002028 Biomass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004075 alteration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 244000144972 livestock Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004065 wastewater treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
- F23G7/001—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals for sludges or waste products from water treatment installations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G5/00—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor
- F23G5/02—Incineration of waste; Incinerator constructions; Details, accessories or control therefor with pretreatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F1/00—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F1/46—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods
- C02F1/461—Treatment of water, waste water, or sewage by electrochemical methods by electrolysis
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F11/00—Treatment of sludge; Devices therefor
- C02F11/02—Biological treatment
- C02F11/04—Anaerobic treatment; Production of methane by such processes
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K13/00—General layout or general methods of operation of complete plants
- F01K13/006—Auxiliaries or details not otherwise provided for
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K17/00—Using steam or condensate extracted or exhausted from steam engine plant
- F01K17/06—Returning energy of steam, in exchanged form, to process, e.g. use of exhaust steam for drying solid fuel or plant
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F22—STEAM GENERATION
- F22B—METHODS OF STEAM GENERATION; STEAM BOILERS
- F22B1/00—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method
- F22B1/02—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers
- F22B1/18—Methods of steam generation characterised by form of heating method by exploitation of the heat content of hot heat carriers the heat carrier being a hot gas, e.g. waste gas such as exhaust gas of internal-combustion engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G7/00—Incinerators or other apparatus for consuming industrial waste, e.g. chemicals
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F2303/00—Specific treatment goals
- C02F2303/10—Energy recovery
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23G—CREMATION FURNACES; CONSUMING WASTE PRODUCTS BY COMBUSTION
- F23G2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for incinerators
- F23G2900/50208—Biologic treatment before burning, e.g. biogas generation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/12—Heat utilisation in combustion or incineration of waste
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/34—Indirect CO2mitigation, i.e. by acting on non CO2directly related matters of the process, e.g. pre-heating or heat recovery
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E50/00—Technologies for the production of fuel of non-fossil origin
- Y02E50/30—Fuel from waste, e.g. synthetic alcohol or diesel
-
- Y02E50/343—
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
- Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
- Y02E60/36—Hydrogen production from non-carbon containing sources, e.g. by water electrolysis
-
- Y02E60/366—
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02W—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO WASTEWATER TREATMENT OR WASTE MANAGEMENT
- Y02W10/00—Technologies for wastewater treatment
- Y02W10/30—Wastewater or sewage treatment systems using renewable energies
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
- Molecular Biology (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Water Treatment By Electricity Or Magnetism (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
- Processing Of Solid Wastes (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Método de generación de energía térmica y eléctrica a partir de residuos diversos y sistema para su puesta en práctica.Method of generating thermal energy and electrical from various waste and system for putting in practice.
La presente invención se refiere a un método de generación de energía térmica y eléctrica a partir de residuos diversos tales como aguas residuales, residuos ganaderos y en general residuos procedentes de ciudades, polígonos industriales y/o explotaciones agropecuarias, presentando este método unas particularidades orientadas a conseguir la producción de energía térmica y eléctrica sin generar residuos tóxicos y con unas mínimas emisiones contaminantes al medio ambiente. La invención incluye adicionalmente un sistema para la puesta en práctica de este método.The present invention relates to a method of generation of thermal and electrical energy from waste various such as sewage, livestock waste and in general waste from cities, industrial estates and / or farms, presenting this method some particularities oriented to achieve energy production thermal and electrical without generating toxic waste and with minimum pollutant emissions to the environment. The invention includes additionally a system for the implementation of this method.
Esta invención es aplicable en las instalaciones de generación de energía térmica y eléctrica a partir de residuos.This invention is applicable in installations of thermal and electrical energy generation from waste.
La generación de electricidad utilizando la energía de biomasa y de otros combustibles como residuos urbanos presentan, de una parte, las limitaciones impuestas al vapor generado en la caldera debido a la naturaleza corrosiva de los gases de combustión que son tanto más corrosivos cuanto mayores son las temperaturas, y de otra parte, inconvenientes de liberación a la atmósfera de gases contaminantes.The generation of electricity using the biomass and other fuels energy as urban waste they have, on the one hand, the limitations imposed on steam generated in the boiler due to the corrosive nature of the gases of combustion that are all the more corrosive the higher the temperatures, and on the other hand, inconveniences of release to the atmosphere of polluting gases.
La obtención de un rendimiento aceptable en este tipo de instalaciones requiere la producción de vapor de agua en cantidades importantes y a una temperatura elevada para el accionamiento de la turbina de vapor encargada de accionar el generador eléctrico. Para conseguir este sobrecalentamiento del vapor se recurre a la utilización del sobrecalentador de la caldera que es el componente de la caldera con temperaturas más elevadas y que también se ve sujeto a los problemas de corrosión mencionados anteriormente.Obtaining acceptable performance in this type of facilities requires the production of water vapor in significant quantities and at an elevated temperature for steam turbine drive responsible for driving the Electric generator. To achieve this overheating of steam uses the boiler superheater which is the component of the boiler with higher temperatures and which is also subject to the mentioned corrosion problems previously.
En el documento ES2010890 se describe un sistema para la generación de energía eléctrica a partir de la combustión de residuos sólidos urbanos y asimilables que, para solventar la problemática expuesta anteriormente comprende una primera fase de calentamiento de agua realizada mediante una caldera de incineración de residuos sólidos, que funciona por debajo de las temperaturas a partir de las cuales aparecen en los elementos de dicha caldera problemas de corrosión indeseables, y una segunda fase de calentamiento del vapor obtenido en la primera fase, realizada mediante una caldera de recuperación de los gases de escape de una o más turbinas de gas, produciéndose en la primera fase vapor de agua saturado o ligeramente sobrecalentado a elevada presión, y en la segunda fase el sobrecalentamiento o recalentamiento del vapor obtenido en la primera fase hasta las condiciones adecuadas para su aplicación a una turbina de vapor.Document ES2010890 describes a system for the generation of electrical energy from the combustion of solid urban waste and similar that, to solve the The problem described above includes a first phase of water heating performed by an incineration boiler of solid waste, which operates below temperatures at from which they appear in the elements of said boiler undesirable corrosion problems, and a second phase of steam heating obtained in the first phase, performed by means of a recovery boiler of the exhaust gases of one or more gas turbines, producing water vapor in the first phase saturated or slightly overheated at high pressure, and in the second phase overheating or steam overheating obtained in the first phase until the appropriate conditions for its application to a steam turbine.
Este sistema presenta, de una parte, unas limitaciones obvias por problemas de corrosión tanto en la caldera de incineración como en la caldera de recuperación debido a la incineración directa de los residuos sólidos y, de otra parte, presenta problemas de contaminación al liberar al exterior los gases de combustión.This system presents, on the one hand, some Obvious limitations due to corrosion problems both in the boiler of incineration as in the recovery boiler due to the direct incineration of solid waste and, on the other hand, It presents pollution problems by releasing gases outside of combustion
Por tanto, el problema técnico que se plantea es un método de generación de energía térmica y eléctrica a partir de residuos diversos que minimice la emisión de contaminantes al exterior y que evite los problemas de corrosión originados por la combustión directa de los residuos, así como un sistema para la puesta en práctica de dicho método.Therefore, the technical problem that arises is a method of generating thermal and electrical energy from miscellaneous waste that minimizes the emission of pollutants to exterior and avoid corrosion problems caused by the direct combustion of waste, as well as a system for implementation of said method.
El método de generación de energía térmica y eléctrica a partir de residuos diversos objeto de esta invención presenta unas particularidades constructivas orientadas a evitar la combustión directa de los residuos, utilizando dichos residuos para la obtención de unos combustibles aptos para la alimentación de la caldera y la obtención en la misma de una temperatura superior a los 1000ºC y el vertido a la atmósfera de una cantidad mínima de contaminantes.The method of generating thermal energy and electrical from various wastes object of this invention it presents some constructive peculiarities oriented to avoid the direct combustion of waste, using said waste to Obtaining some fuels suitable for feeding the boiler and obtaining a temperature higher than 1000 ° C and the discharge into the atmosphere of a minimum amount of pollutants
Otro de los objetivos de la invención es la reutilización del vapor de agua producido después de ser utilizado para el accionamiento de una turbina de vapor conectada a un generador eléctrico, realizándose dicha reutilización mediante su posterior condensación y retorno hacia un intercambiador de calor situado en la caldera.Another object of the invention is the water vapor reuse produced after being used for driving a steam turbine connected to a electric generator, performing such reuse through its subsequent condensation and return to a heat exchanger located in the boiler.
Para ello y de acuerdo con la invención este método comprende los pasos o fases siguientes:For this and according to the invention this method comprises the following steps or phases:
- la recepción por separado de aguas residuales y de residuos diversos con contenido orgánico;- separate reception of wastewater and of various residues with organic content;
- la depuración de las aguas residuales mediante la separación de los residuos sólidos contenidos en las mismas y el procesado de las aguas depuradas para la obtención de agua tratada;- wastewater purification by the separation of solid waste contained therein and the processing of purified water to obtain water treated;
- la obtención de hidrógeno y oxígeno a partir de una parte del agua tratada, mediante un tratamiento de electrolisis,- obtaining hydrogen and oxygen from of a part of the treated water, by means of a treatment of electrolysis,
- la obtención de biogas mediante un proceso de biodigestión de la fracción orgánica de los residuos diversos y de los residuos sólidos separados de las aguas residuales- obtaining biogas through a process of biodigestion of the organic fraction of miscellaneous waste and of solid waste separated from sewage
- la alimentación de una caldera: en una primera fase, con biogas y oxígeno obtenidos previamente de los residuos y del proceso de electrolisis, hasta alcanzar una temperatura del orden de los 600ºC. y, en una segunda fase, con agua tratada suministrada a muy alta presión a los inyectores de la caldera, conservando una mínima aportación de biogás, hasta alcanzar una temperatura del orden de 1200ºC.- feeding a boiler: in a first phase, with biogas and oxygen previously obtained from the waste and of the electrolysis process, until reaching a temperature of order of 600ºC. and, in a second phase, with treated water supplied to boiler injectors at very high pressure, conserving a minimal contribution of biogas, until reaching a temperature of the order of 1200ºC.
- la producción de vapor de agua sobrecalentado a una temperatura superior a 650ºC. y baja humedad en un intercambiador calentado por la caldera,- the production of superheated steam at a temperature above 650 ° C. and low humidity in a boiler heated exchanger,
- el accionamiento, mediante el vapor producido, de una turbina de vapor conectada a un generador eléctrico,- the drive, by means of the steam produced, of a steam turbine connected to an electric generator,
- la condensación de un cierto volumen del vapor procedente de la turbina y su recirculación hacia el intercambiador para su reutilización en circuito cerrado, y la utilización del restante vapor de agua procedente de la turbina para elevar la temperatura del agua a la entrada del electrificador, e incrementar la producción de hidrógeno procesando el biogas que no ha sido necesario aportar a la caldera para su correcto funcionamiento.- condensation of a certain volume of steam from the turbine and its recirculation to the exchanger for reuse in closed circuit, and the use of remaining water vapor coming from the turbine to raise the water temperature at the inlet of the electrifier, and increase hydrogen production processing biogas that has not been It is necessary to provide the boiler for proper operation.
Este método permite generar energía térmica y eléctrica sin generar residuos tóxicos de ningún tipo.This method allows to generate thermal energy and electrical without generating toxic waste of any kind.
Para la puesta en práctica de este método se ha previsto la utilización de un sistema que comprende una depuradora para la recepción de las aguas residuales y la separación de los residuos sólidos contenidos en dichas aguas residuales.For the implementation of this method has been planned the use of a system comprising a treatment plant for the reception of wastewater and the separation of solid waste contained in said wastewater.
Los residuos sólidos separados de las aguas residuales, junto con la fracción orgánica de otros residuos diversos de origen urbano y/o industrial, son tratados en un biodigestor que proporciona: residuo sólido seco utilizable en diferentes aplicaciones, y un biogas para la alimentación de la caldera.Solid waste separated from water residuals, together with the organic fraction of other waste diverse of urban and / or industrial origin, are treated in a biodigester that provides: dry solid residue usable in different applications, and a biogas for feeding the boiler.
Las aguas depuradas procedentes de la depuradora son procesadas en una planta de tratamiento para obtener agua tratada.The purified water from the treatment plant are processed in a treatment plant to obtain water treated.
Parte del agua tratada es conducida a un electrificador en el que se somete a electrolisis descomponiéndola en hidrógeno y oxígeno; siendo el oxígeno utilizado para la alimentación de la caldera.Some of the treated water is conducted to a electrifier in which it undergoes electrolysis decomposing it in hydrogen and oxygen; being the oxygen used for the boiler feed.
La caldera, tal como se ha mencionado anteriormente se alimenta en una primera fase con biogas procedente del biodigestor y con oxígeno procedente de la electrolisis del agua tratada, proporcionando dicha caldera una temperatura del orden de los 600ºC.The boiler, as mentioned previously it is fed in a first phase with biogas coming of the digester and with oxygen from the electrolysis of water treated, said boiler providing a temperature of the order of 600 ° C.
Una vez alcanzada esta temperatura y en una segunda fase se mantiene una alimentación constante de biogás y se realiza mediante un circuito de bombas de alimentación e inyección la introducción de una parte del agua tratada a alta presión hacia los inyectores de la caldera. Esta inyección del agua vaporizada determina la combustión del hidrógeno del agua inyectada cuando la caldera se encuentra a una temperatura superior a los 590ºC, pudiendo alcanzar la caldera en esta segunda fase de alimentación una temperatura del orden de 1200C.Once this temperature is reached and in a second phase a constant feed of biogas is maintained and it performed through a circuit of feed and injection pumps the introduction of a part of the treated water at high pressure towards the boiler injectors. This vaporized water injection determines the combustion of hydrogen from injected water when the boiler is at a temperature above 590 ° C, being able to reach the boiler in this second phase of feeding a temperature of the order of 1200C.
La caldera comprende unos intercambiadores que proporcionan un elevado caudal de vapor de agua sobrecalentado a una temperatura por encima de los 650ºC. y con un nivel bajo de humedad la energía térmica del vapor se transforma en energía mecánica que es utilizada para la impulsión de una turbina, girando en un primer momento las etapas de alta y media presión y finalmente la de baja presión.The boiler comprises exchangers that provide a high flow of superheated water vapor at a temperature above 650ºC. and with a low humidity level the thermal energy of steam is transformed into mechanical energy that It is used to drive a turbine, turning in a first moment the stages of high and medium pressure and finally the low Pressure.
Parte del vapor utilizado para el accionamiento de la turbina es conducido a un gran condensador y una vez que se ha producido el cambio de estado el agua se retorna nuevamente al interior de los intercambiadores de la caldera para continuar el ciclo; siendo utilizado el vapor restante en la producción de una mayor cantidad de hidrógeno.Part of the steam used for the drive of the turbine is driven to a large condenser and once it has been after the change of state, the water returns to the inside the boiler exchangers to continue the cycle; the remaining steam being used in the production of a more hydrogen
Para complementar la descripción que se está realizando y con objeto de facilitar la comprensión de las características de la invención, se acompaña a la presente memoria descriptiva un juego de dibujos en los que, con carácter ilustrativo y no limitativo, se ha representado lo siguiente:To complement the description that is being performing and in order to facilitate the understanding of characteristics of the invention, is attached herein descriptive a set of drawings in which, for illustrative purposes and not limiting, the following has been represented:
- La figura 1 muestra una vista esquemática de un ejemplo de realización del sistema de la invención y que permite la puesta en práctica del método de generación mencionado anteriormente.- Figure 1 shows a schematic view of an exemplary embodiment of the system of the invention and which allows the implementation of the mentioned generation method previously.
En el ejemplo de realización mostrado en la figura 1 el sistema comprende una depuradora (1) en la que se realiza la recepción de aguas residuales (AR) y la separación de los residuos sólidos que son conducidos a un biodigestor (2) y de los residuos líquidos que son conducidos a una planta de tratamiento (3).In the exemplary embodiment shown in the Figure 1 The system comprises a treatment plant (1) in which performs the reception of wastewater (AR) and the separation of solid waste that is led to a biodigester (2) and of the liquid waste that is taken to a treatment plant (3).
El tratamiento en el biodigestor (2) de los residuos sólidos separados, junto con la fracción orgánica de otros residuos diversos (RD) de origen urbano y/o industrial, proporciona de una parte un residuo sólido seco que pasa a un almacén (21) para su posterior utilización en aplicaciones diversas y de otra parte un biogas que se acumula en unos depósitos (22) y es utilizado posteriormente en la alimentación de una caldera (4); pudiendo utilizarse el excedente de biogas en otras aplicaciones cualesquiera, por ejemplo para el aporte de calor al biodigestor.The treatment in the digester (2) of the solid waste separated, along with the organic fraction of others miscellaneous waste (RD) of urban and / or industrial origin, provides of a part a dry solid residue that passes to a warehouse (21) to its subsequent use in various applications and elsewhere a biogas that accumulates in some deposits (22) and is used later in the feeding of a boiler (4); being able use surplus biogas in other applications any, for example for heat input to biodigester
En la planta de tratamiento (3) los residuos líquidos son sometidos a un proceso de filtrado, reducción de dureza y eliminación de sólidos en suspensión, por ejemplo utilizando suspensiones coloidales, para obtener agua tratada.In the treatment plant (3) the waste liquids are subjected to a filtering process, hardness reduction and removal of suspended solids, for example using colloidal suspensions, to obtain treated water.
Una parte del agua tratada es conducida al electrificador (5) donde se obtiene hidrógeno y oxígeno por electrolisis. El oxígeno puede ser embotellado, empleado en el proceso de tratamiento de aguas residuales o utilizado para la alimentación de la caldera (4); transportándose el oxígeno en estado gaseoso hasta un bloque de bombas de inyección (6) al que también accede por un conducto separado parte del agua tratada procedente de la planta de tratamiento (3).A part of the treated water is taken to the electrifier (5) where hydrogen and oxygen are obtained by electrolysis. Oxygen can be bottled, used in the wastewater treatment process or used for the boiler feed (4); transporting oxygen in state gas to a block of injection pumps (6) which also part of the treated water coming from the treatment plant (3).
En una fase inicial o de arranque, la caldera (4) es alimentada con oxígeno y biogas hasta alcanzar una temperatura de unos 600ºC. pasando en este momento a una segunda fase de alimentación en la que el agua depurada es suministrada a muy alta presión por el grupo de bombas (6) hacia los inyectores de la caldera lo que permite alcanzar una temperatura del orden de unos 1200ºC. conservando una alimentación constante de biogás.In an initial or starting phase, the boiler (4) is fed with oxygen and biogas until reaching a temperature of about 600ºC. going now to a second feeding phase in which the purified water is supplied to very high pressure by the pump group (6) towards the injectors of the boiler which allows to reach a temperature of the order of about 1200 ° C. preserving a constant feed of biogas.
El intercambiador (7) de la caldera proporciona un elevado caudal de vapor sobrecalentado a una temperatura por encima de los 650ºC. y un bajo nivel de humedad. Este vapor es utilizado para accionar una turbina de vapor (8) conectada al eje de un generador de electricidad (9).The boiler exchanger (7) provides a high flow of superheated steam at a temperature per above 650 ° C. and a low humidity level. This steam is used to drive a steam turbine (8) connected to the axis of an electricity generator (9).
Parte del vapor utilizado para el accionamiento de la turbina (8) pasa a un condensador (10) donde se produce el cambio de estado del vapor retornándose el agua al intercambiador, para repetir el ciclo de trabajo, inyectando agua a la presión necesaria para mantener estable en todo momento la producción de vapor sobrecalentado.Part of the steam used for the drive of the turbine (8) passes to a condenser (10) where the change of steam state by returning water to the exchanger, to repeat the duty cycle, injecting water under pressure necessary to keep stable the production of superheated steam
Como se puede observar en la figura adjunta en el interior del condensador (10) se encuentra dispuesto un segundo intercambiador (11) que permite mediante la circulación de un fluido, el enfriamiento de una parte del vapor para conseguir su condensación y la captación de la energía térmica del vapor para su aprovechamiento en cualquier otro equipo o proceso.As can be seen in the attached figure in the inside of the condenser (10) is arranged a second exchanger (11) that allows through the circulation of a fluid, cooling a part of the steam to get its condensation and capture of steam thermal energy for its use in any other equipment or process.
Una vez descrita suficientemente la naturaleza de la invención, así como un ejemplo de realización preferente, se hace constar a los efectos oportunos que los materiales, forma, tamaño y disposición de los elementos descritos podrán ser modificados, siempre y cuando ello no suponga una alteración de las características esenciales de la invención que se reivindican a continuación.Once nature is sufficiently described of the invention, as well as a preferred embodiment, for the appropriate purposes that the materials, form, size and arrangement of the elements described may be modified, as long as this does not imply an alteration of the essential features of the invention claimed in continuation.
Claims (3)
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201131465A ES2366249B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-09-06 | METHOD OF GENERATION OF THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM DIFFERENT WASTE AND SYSTEM FOR PUTTING INTO PRECTICE. |
| PCT/ES2012/000231 WO2013034786A1 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2012-09-05 | Method for generating heat energy and electrical energy from various types of waste and system for implementing said method |
| US14/240,894 US20140230437A1 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2012-09-05 | Method for generating heat energy and electrical energy from various types of waste and system for implementing said method |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES201131465A ES2366249B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-09-06 | METHOD OF GENERATION OF THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM DIFFERENT WASTE AND SYSTEM FOR PUTTING INTO PRECTICE. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| ES2366249A1 true ES2366249A1 (en) | 2011-10-18 |
| ES2366249B2 ES2366249B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
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| ES201131465A Expired - Fee Related ES2366249B2 (en) | 2011-09-06 | 2011-09-06 | METHOD OF GENERATION OF THERMAL AND ELECTRICAL ENERGY FROM DIFFERENT WASTE AND SYSTEM FOR PUTTING INTO PRECTICE. |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US20140230437A1 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2366249B2 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO2013034786A1 (en) |
Cited By (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN113278992A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-08-20 | 北京思伟特新能源科技有限公司 | Water vapor turbocharged fuel cell electrolytic cell system and working method thereof |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN110732548A (en) * | 2018-07-20 | 2020-01-31 | 烟台中集来福士海洋工程有限公司 | Offshore garbage treatment platform |
| GB2620621A (en) * | 2022-07-14 | 2024-01-17 | Economad Solutions Ltd | A system for obtaining energy from organic waste |
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| US6410283B1 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2002-06-25 | Endesco Clean Harbors, L.L.C. | Conversion of sewage sludge into electric power |
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| JP2007533434A (en) * | 2004-04-02 | 2007-11-22 | スキル アソシエイツ インコーポレイテッド | Biomass conversion device and process |
| WO2007037261A1 (en) * | 2005-09-28 | 2007-04-05 | Ebara Corporation | Biological power plant, and method of treating organic solid contaminant-containing waste, method of treating organic high molecular substance-containing liquid waste and method of treating organic substance-containing liquid waste by using the biological power plant, and apparatus for conducting these methods |
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2011
- 2011-09-06 ES ES201131465A patent/ES2366249B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2012
- 2012-09-05 WO PCT/ES2012/000231 patent/WO2013034786A1/en active Application Filing
- 2012-09-05 US US14/240,894 patent/US20140230437A1/en not_active Abandoned
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| ES2006059A6 (en) * | 1988-01-21 | 1989-04-01 | Sener Ing & Sist | System for the production of water vapour with high pressure and temperature levels. |
| US5342702A (en) * | 1993-01-05 | 1994-08-30 | Integrated Energy Development Corp. | Synergistic process for the production of carbon dioxide using a cogeneration reactor |
| US5744037A (en) * | 1995-11-28 | 1998-04-28 | Ebara Corporation | Method of treating foul water |
| EP1354940A2 (en) * | 2002-04-12 | 2003-10-22 | Larry Raven | Process and apparatus for conversion of biodegradable organic materials into product gas |
| US6796250B1 (en) * | 2003-02-13 | 2004-09-28 | Brian W. Greene | Waste water recovery and utilization system |
| ES2221816A1 (en) * | 2004-05-24 | 2005-01-01 | Sener Grupo De Ingenieria, S.A. | Method of generating electrical power from non-traditional fuels |
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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| CN113278992A (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-08-20 | 北京思伟特新能源科技有限公司 | Water vapor turbocharged fuel cell electrolytic cell system and working method thereof |
| CN113278992B (en) * | 2021-07-23 | 2021-09-17 | 北京思伟特新能源科技有限公司 | Water vapor turbocharged fuel cell electrolytic cell system and working method thereof |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2366249B2 (en) | 2012-04-26 |
| US20140230437A1 (en) | 2014-08-21 |
| WO2013034786A1 (en) | 2013-03-14 |
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