KR102174013B1 - Power generation system of organic rankine cycle using unused low and middle temperature waste heat - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to an organic rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system using unused waste heat generated from a biogas engine generator, a landfill gas engine generator or an incinerator, a turbine generator, or a boiler of a small incinerator. That is, the present invention produces electric energy by recovering waste heat resources and utilizing the waste heat resources in the ORC power generation system.

Description

ORC power generation system using unused medium and low temperature waste heat {POWER GENERATION SYSTEM OF ORGANIC RANKINE CYCLE USING UNUSED LOW AND MIDDLE TEMPERATURE WASTE HEAT}

The present invention relates to an organic rankine cycle (ORC) power generation system using unused medium and low temperature waste heat generated from a biogas engine generator, a landfill gas engine generator or incinerator, a turbine generator, or a boiler of a small incinerator.

The use of fossil fuels as the population grows and the industry develops is causing environmental pollution such as global warming, which causes the earth's surface temperature to rise due to the emission of large amounts of carbon dioxide.

Therefore, in recent years, a lot of research has been conducted on a technology for replacing with renewable energy or a technology for improving system efficiency and reducing harmful exhaust gas by using fossil fuels.

Among various technologies, research on ORC using industrial waste heat or new renewable energy is in progress.

In general, ORC power generation is a system for generating electric energy by recovering unused heat energy discarded by industries, and refers to a system that generates power using organic materials with a lower evaporation temperature than steam.

ORC power generation can generate power by recovering waste heat at 70-400℃ compared to power generation using steam at 400-600℃, and it can be used in steelmaking, steel making, cement, paper, fiber, food processing, waste incineration, There is an advantage of being able to recycle unused heat energy of various industries such as ship waste heat.

However, the ORC power generation system has a power generation efficiency of 8 to 22%, and is being distributed as a small-scale power generation device for homes and businesses in order to respond to winter heating demand in Korea.

Background techniques for solving this problem include Patent Publication No. 10-1399428 (hereinafter, Document 1), Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0063935 (hereinafter, Document 2), and Patent Publication No. 10-1399428 No. (hereinafter, Document 3) and Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1162619 (hereinafter, Document 4).

Document 1 relates to an ORC system capable of preventing cavitation of a pump, including a preheater, an evaporator, a turbine, a generator, a condenser, a condensation tank, and a transfer pump in which a working fluid is circulated through a pipe.

The ORC system of Document 1 has a problem in that the working fluid discharged from the evaporator is not formed at high temperature and high pressure, and thus power generation is not well done in the turbine, resulting in a decrease in power generation efficiency.

Document 2 relates to an energy-saving ship equipped with a power generation device using a temperature difference. In order to produce electric energy, an ORC device must be installed in the ship's heat engine cooler.

Document 3 relates to a safety device of an ORC power generation system that installs a bypass pipe and a valve in the main pipe through which the organic working fluid is transferred, and controls the transfer pump that supplies the organic working fluid.

The ORC power generation system of Document 3 requires a separate control unit to be installed in a vessel where vibration is generated, but the action of the control unit may be meaningless when the position is fixed.

Document 4 relates to a biomass synthesis gas medium and low temperature waste heat recovery power generation system using ORC that utilizes waste heat of combustible synthesis gas generated through a gasification reactor from wood-based biomass such as wood chips, bark shells, rice husk, etc.

The lignocellulosic biomass used in the ORC power generation system of Document 4 is made of plants containing moisture and components such as lignin, cellulose, and hemicellulose as raw materials.

However, lignocellulosic biomass generates combustible gases, tar, and carbides during combustion, which can pollute the atmospheric environment.

<Background technical literature>

(Document 1) Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1152254

(Document 2) Unexamined Patent Publication No. 10-2011-0063935

(Document 3) Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1399428

(Document 4) Registered Patent Publication No. 10-1162619

The present invention solves the problems of the above background technology, and uses an organic Rankine cycle (ORC) using unused medium and low temperature waste heat generated from a biogas engine generator, a landfill gas engine generator or an incinerator (Flare Stack), a turbine generator, or a boiler of a small incinerator. It is to provide a power generation system.

An object of the present invention is to prevent environmental pollution, particularly air and water pollution, by using waste heat as a heat source.

In addition, an object of the present invention is to control the temperature of the digester by using the remaining heat source used in the ORC power generation system.

Further, it is an object of the present invention to easily mount an ORC power generation system to an existing device and to be able to use it as an auxiliary.

To achieve the above object, the ORC power generation system using unused waste heat of the present invention is a heat source (1) containing unused waste heat discarded from an external generator, boiler, incinerator or incinerator, or hot water in which the working fluid is vaporized by hot water. The storage tank 110, a turbine generator 120 that generates electric energy by being driven by the working fluid vaporized in the hot water storage tank 110, and a condenser in which the working fluid passing through the turbine generator 120 is condensed by circulating coolant (130), a cooling tower 140 for generating cooling water to condense the working fluid of the condenser 130, and a pump 150 for supplying the working fluid liquefied in the condenser 130 to the hot water storage tank 110 Characterized in that.

The waste heat is characterized by having a temperature of 50 ~ 600 ℃.

The hot water is supplied to the hot water storage tank 110 by a heat exchanger (H) or a waste heat boiler (30).

In addition, hot water in the present invention is characterized in that it is supplied to the digester temperature control unit 200.

The digester temperature controller 200 includes a storage tank 210 for storing hot water, a heating boiler 220 that applies heat to the storage tank 210, and a heat exchanger (H') in which the temperature of the digestive liquid of the digester 230 is increased by hot water. ) And a digester 230 in which a digestive liquid is generated by decomposing organic waste to generate biogas.

The present invention has the advantage of producing electric energy using unused medium and low temperature waste heat, that is, discarded resources, generated from a biogas engine generator, a landfill gas engine generator or incinerator, a turbine generator, or a boiler of a small incinerator.

In addition, the present invention has an effect of preventing environmental pollution such as air and water pollution, and reducing waste of heat sources by using waste heat as a heat source.

Furthermore, the present invention can improve the decomposition efficiency of organic waste by controlling the temperature of the digester using the remaining heat source used in the ORC power generation system.

In particular, the present invention has an advantage in that it is easy to install the ORC power generation system in the existing device.

1 is a block diagram of an ORC power generation system according to the present invention.
Figure 2 is a block diagram of the ORC power generation system according to the present invention is mounted on a biogas generator.
3 is a block diagram of an ORC power generation system and a digester temperature control unit mounted on a biogas generator according to the present invention.
Figure 4 is a block diagram of the ORC power generation system according to the present invention is mounted on a landfill gas generator
Figure 5 is a block diagram of the ORC power generation system according to the present invention is mounted on another turbine generator.
Figure 6 is a configuration diagram of the ORC power generation system according to the present invention is mounted in the incinerator.
7 is a block diagram of an ORC power generation system and a digester temperature control unit mounted in a landfill gas incinerator according to the present invention.
<Explanation of code>
1: heat source
10: biogas generator
20: landfill gas generator
30: waste heat boiler 31: turbine generator
32: vapor recuperator 33: tank
34: desuperheater
40: incinerator 41: waste heat boiler
42: steam storage tank 43: pump
50: landfill gas incinerator
100: ORC power generation system
110: hot water storage tank 120: turbine generator
130: condenser 140: cooling tower
150: pump
200: digester temperature control unit
210: storage tank 220: heating boiler
230: digester
H, H': heat exchanger P: pump
V: valve

Hereinafter, the present invention will be described in detail through examples.

Objects, features, and advantages of the present invention will be easily understood through the following embodiments.

The present invention is not limited to the embodiments disclosed herein and may be embodied in other forms. The embodiments disclosed herein are provided so that the idea of the present invention can be sufficiently transmitted to those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention belongs, and all transformations included in the technical spirit and scope of the present invention It should be understood to include equivalents or substitutes.

Therefore, the present invention should not be limited by the following embodiments, and it should be understood that all transformations included in the technical spirit and scope of the present invention are included. That is, those of ordinary skill in the technical field to which the present invention pertains, within the scope not departing from the spirit of the present invention described in the claims, variously modify or modify the present invention by adding, changing, deleting, or adding elements It will be possible to change, and this will also be said to be included within the scope of the present invention.

In the present invention, since various transformations can be applied and various embodiments can be applied, specific embodiments are illustrated in the drawings and described in detail. In the drawings, the size of the elements or the relative sizes between the elements may be somewhat exaggerated for a clear understanding of the present invention. In addition, the shape of the elements shown in the drawings may be slightly changed due to variations in the manufacturing process.

Therefore, the embodiments disclosed in the present specification should not be limited to the shapes shown in the drawings unless otherwise specified, and should be understood as including some degree of modification.

Meanwhile, various embodiments of the present invention may be combined with any other embodiments unless there is a clear opposite point. Any feature indicated to be particularly preferred or advantageous may be combined with any other feature and features indicated to be preferred or advantageous. That is, various aspects, features, embodiments or implementations of the present invention may be used alone or in various combinations.

It should be understood that the terms used in this specification are for describing specific embodiments, and are not intended to be limited by the claims, and all technical and scientific terms used in the present specification are general descriptions unless otherwise noted. It has the same meaning as commonly understood by someone with Singular expressions include plural expressions unless the context clearly indicates otherwise.

In describing the present invention, when it is determined that a detailed description of a related known technology may obscure the subject matter of the present invention, a detailed description thereof will be omitted.

The term waste heat used in the present invention refers to heat energy generated and discarded in various industries such as generators, steel making, steel making, cement, paper, textiles, food processing, waste incineration plants, and ship waste heat.

The term working fluid used in the present invention refers to a fluid material that generates power in a mechanical device of a turbine.

The term biogas used in the present invention refers to methane (CH ₄ ), carbon dioxide (CO ₂ ) and trace components generated by anaerobic digestion of organic substances such as sewage sludge, livestock manure, food waste (food waste), agricultural and fishery waste. It means a gas composed of s (nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide, hydrogen, etc.).

The term valve used in the present invention refers to a device that is operated to open and close a passage (pipe) to allow a fluid to pass through or to block or control the amount or pressure of the fluid.

The term pump used in the present invention refers to a device that sucks or moves a liquid or gas by using pressure.

<Example 1>

In the present invention, a pipe is included as shown in the drawings in order to connect the components, but the numeral of the pipe is omitted.

The ORC power generation system 100 using unused medium and low temperature waste heat is a heat source 1, a hot water storage tank 110, a turbine generator 120, a condenser 130, a cooling tower 140, and a pump as shown in FIG. 150) may be included.

The heat source 1 may be waste heat, which is a heat resource discarded from an external generator, boiler, or incinerator.

For example, the heat source 1 may be waste heat generated from any one of a biogas engine generator, a landfill gas engine generator, a landfill gas incinerator, a turbine generator, or a boiler of a small incinerator, but is not limited thereto.

The waste heat has a low or medium temperature range of 50 to 600°C, and is not limited thereto because it may have a temperature lower than or higher than the temperature range depending on the heat source 1 used.

The hot water storage tank 110 performs heat exchange by the heat source 1 or hot water, so that the working fluid can be vaporized from liquid to gas.

Water or a refrigerant may be used as the working fluid.

For example, the refrigerant may be any one selected from ammonia (NH ₃ ), carbon dioxide, hydrofluorocarbon (HCFC) series, hydrogen fluorocarbon (HFC) series, or hydrofluorine olefin (HFO) series, but is subject to global refrigerant regulations. Accordingly, the type of refrigerant used may vary, and thus the type of refrigerant is not limited thereto.

The water corresponds to a natural refrigerant, and there is no damage to the environment and has the advantage that it can be easily obtained.

The ammonia corresponds to a natural refrigerant and has advantages such as low price, low equipment maintenance and repair costs, and good heat transfer. However, since the ammonia refrigerant has corrosiveness to copper alloys or metal materials, a pipe made of iron should be used when an ammonia refrigerant is used.

The carbon dioxide refrigerant corresponds to a natural refrigerant, and is non-toxic and inexpensive, and thus has an economic advantage.

The HCFC-based refrigerant is a compound composed of hydrogen, chlorine, fluorine and carbon, and corresponds to a second-generation synthetic refrigerant, and has an advantage of having a smaller ozone layer decay index compared to a chlorofluorocarbon (CFC)-based refrigerant.

The HFC-based refrigerant is a compound composed of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon, and corresponds to a third generation synthetic refrigerant, and does not contain chlorine, so that the ozone layer is not destroyed.

The HFO-based refrigerant is composed of hydrogen, fluorine, and carbon, and is a compound containing at least one double bond between carbon atoms and corresponds to the fourth generation synthetic refrigerant, has an ozone depletion index of 0 and a low global warming index. have.

That is, the HFO-based refrigerant may correspond to an eco-friendly refrigerant compared to the CFC, HCFC, and HFC-based refrigerants.

In particular, as the HFO-based refrigerant, R1234ze, R1233zd, R1336mzz, and the like may be used, preferably R1233zd, but are not limited thereto.

Therefore, in order to prevent the occurrence of environmental pollution in the present invention, it is best to use water or HFO-based refrigerant as the working fluid.

That is, the hot water storage tank 110 may generate steam as the working fluid is vaporized.

The turbine generator 120 may perform a function of converting thermal energy into mechanical energy by combining a turbine and a generator and converting it into electrical energy again.

More specifically, the steam generated by the vaporizing working fluid in the hot water storage tank 110 rotates the rotor blades with impulse and reaction forces when the steam hits the rotor blades of the turbine to convert the thermal energy of the steam into the rotational kinetic energy of the machine. Is converted.

Electric energy is generated by the generator from the rotational kinetic energy generated by the turbine.

The condenser 130 circulates the cooling water generated in the cooling tower 140, so that the working fluid that has passed through the turbine generator 120 may be condensed.

That is, the working fluid is heat exchanged by the cooling water circulated in the condenser 130 so that the working fluid can be liquefied from gas to liquid.

The cooling tower 140 generates coolant to condense the working fluid passing through the condenser 130, or coolant that has been heated by heat exchange in the condenser 130 to bring in the coolant whose temperature has risen again to lower the temperature so that it can be reused. Can be created.

The cooling water may be 25 ~ 45 ℃ water, preferably 30 ~ 40 ℃ water may be used, but is not limited thereto.

For example, when water having a cooling water temperature of less than 25° C. is used, the pressure of the condenser 130 may be lowered, thereby reducing the circulation efficiency of the working fluid.

If, when the temperature of the cooling water exceeds 45 ℃ water is used, the working fluid of the condenser 130 may not be liquefied, the efficiency of the ORC power generation system 100 may be lowered.

The pump 150 may be disposed between the condenser 130 and the hot water storage tank 110 to resupply the working fluid liquefied in the condenser 130 to the hot water storage tank 110.

That is, the ORC power generation system 100 having the above configuration has an advantage in that the operating fluid is circulated, that is, a recycle structure is formed, so that environmental pollution due to the generation of electric energy does not occur.

In particular, as the heat source 1 applied to the ORC power generation system 100, it is possible to prevent air pollution by using waste heat that is discarded into the atmosphere through a generator, boiler, incinerator or incinerator.

In addition, as shown in FIG. 1, the waste heat remaining after passing through the hot water storage tank 110 may be discharged to the atmosphere, or may be carried back to the heat exchanger H described later to be reused.

The ORC power generation system 100 has the advantage of producing electric energy by utilizing low or medium temperature waste heat.

The following is a description of a method (S100) in which electrical energy is generated using the ORC power generation system 100.

First, a step (S110) in which the heat source 1 or hot water is introduced into the hot water storage tank 110 may be performed.

Next, a step (S120) in which the working fluid is vaporized by heat exchange in the hot water storage tank 110 may be performed.

At this time, the hot water storage tank 110 absorbs the heat source 1 into which the working fluid of the liquid flows or the thermal energy of the hot water, so that gas may be generated by the vaporization phenomenon.

Subsequently, a step (S130) of generating electric energy by passing the vaporized working fluid through the turbine generator 120 is performed.

At this time, in the vaporized working fluid, thermal energy passes through the turbine generator 120 at high pressure, and the rotor blades of the turbine are rotated to be converted into mechanical energy, and mechanical energy may be converted into electrical energy in the generator.

Next, a step (S140) in which the working fluid is liquefied by heat exchange in the condenser 130 may be performed.

At this time, in the condenser 130, the working fluid of the gas that has passed through the turbine generator 120 is discharged to the cooling water introduced by the cooling tower 140, so that the working fluid may be liquefied into a liquid.

Subsequently, a step (S150) in which the liquefied working fluid is introduced into the hot water storage tank 110 again by the pump 150 may be performed.

Thereafter, after the step S150, electric energy may be generated through a cyclic structure sequentially performed again from the step S110 described above.

<Example 2>

The ORC power generation system using waste heat from the biogas generator is a biogas generator 10, a valve V, a heat exchanger (H), and a pump (P ₁ ) in front of the ORC power generation system 100, as shown in FIG. 2. Can be placed.

Since the ORC power generation system 100 is the same as the first embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

As the biogas generator 10 is used as a generator fuel using the biogas described above, electric energy and waste heat may be generated.

Here, waste heat generated from the biogas generator may be used as the heat source 1.

Waste heat generated from the biogas generator may be discharged to the atmosphere through a valve V or may pass through a heat exchanger H as shown in FIG. 2.

In more detail, a first valve (V ₁ ) and a second valve (V ₂ ) may be disposed between the biogas generator 10 and the heat exchanger (H).

Here, a butterfly valve may be used for the first valve V ₁ and the second valve V ₂ . The butterfly valve is a valve that opens and closes as the disk rotates about the center line of the disk, and has the advantages of simple and fast opening and closing action, and easy maintenance.

For example, when the first valve V ₁ is open, the second valve V ₂ is closed so that the waste heat may be discharged to the atmosphere.

If the second valve V ₂ is open, the first valve V ₁ is closed so that the waste heat can pass through the heat exchanger H along the pipe.

In addition, in the heat exchanger (H), heat exchange is performed by waste heat to generate hot water, and waste heat remaining after heat exchange may be discharged to the atmosphere.

The heat exchanger (H) may be disposed in front of the ORC power generation system 100, as shown in FIG.

More specifically, the heat exchanger (H) may be disposed in front of the hot water storage tank (110). This is because the working fluid is vaporized by supplying hot water to the hot water storage tank 110.

Further, in the heat exchanger H, when the second valve V ₂ is opened, waste heat generated from the biogas generator 10 may pass into the heat exchanger H.

At this time, water circulating in the heat exchanger (H) is heated by waste heat to generate hot water. The hot water has a temperature of 80 to 105°C, and preferably may have a temperature of 90 to 105°C, but is not limited thereto as it may vary according to the temperature of the supplied waste heat.

For example, when the temperature of hot water is less than 80° C., depending on the working fluid used, vaporization may not be performed, or the vaporized working fluid may become low pressure, thereby reducing the efficiency of the ORC power generation system 100.

If the temperature of the hot water exceeds 105° C., the working fluid becomes high temperature and high pressure, resulting in overheating in the turbine generator 120, thereby reducing the efficiency of electric energy production.

As shown in FIG. 2, hot water passes through the hot water storage tank 110 and heat exchange occurs in the hot water storage tank 110, and the hot water whose temperature is lowered by the heat exchange is transferred by the first pump P ₁ . It may have a circulation structure carried back into the heat exchanger (H).

As shown in FIG. 2, the first pump P ₁ is disposed between the heat exchanger H and the hot water storage tank 110 to resupply the hot water lowered by heat exchange to the heat exchanger H. .

As the hot water generated by the heat exchanger H passes through the hot water storage tank 110, heat exchange occurs so that the working fluid is vaporized from a liquid to a gas to generate steam.

The turbine generator 120 rotates the rotor blades with impulsive and reaction forces when the steam generated in the hot water storage tank 110 hits the rotor blades of the turbine to convert the thermal energy of the steam into the rotational kinetic energy of the machine.

Electric energy is generated by the generator from the rotational kinetic energy generated by the turbine.

The condenser 130 circulates the cooling water generated in the cooling tower 140, so that the working fluid that has passed through the turbine generator 120 may be condensed.

That is, the working fluid is heat exchanged by the cooling water circulated in the condenser 130 so that the working fluid can be liquefied from gas to liquid.

The cooling tower 140 generates coolant to condense the working fluid passing through the condenser 130, or coolant that has been heated by heat exchange in the condenser 130 to bring in the coolant whose temperature has risen again to lower the temperature so that it can be reused. Can be created.

The pump 150 may be disposed between the condenser 130 and the hot water storage tank 110 to resupply the working fluid liquefied in the condenser 130 to the hot water storage tank 110.

The ORC power generation system 100 has the advantage of generating electric energy using waste heat generated from the biogas generator 10.

That is, the ORC power generation system 100 has an advantage that can be used as an auxiliary device by being mounted on an existing device.

<Example 3>

The digester temperature control unit 200 may be further included in the ORC power generation system using waste heat of the biogas generator of the second embodiment.

Since the ORC power generation system using the waste heat of the biogas generator is the same as in Example 2 described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

As shown in FIG. 3, the digester temperature control unit 200 includes a storage tank 210, a heating boiler 220, a digester 230, a heat exchanger (H'), and a pump (P ₂ , P ₃ , P _{4 ).} ) May be included.

The storage tank 210 may store hot water that has passed through the heat exchangers H and H'.

The hot water may have a temperature range of 30 to 60°C.

For example, when the temperature of hot water is less than 30°C, heat exchange is not performed well in the heat exchanger (H'), so that the temperature of the digestive solution is not improved, so that the generation of the digestive solution decreases, thereby reducing the amount of biogas production.

If the temperature of hot water exceeds 60° C., as organic acids accumulate in the digester 230, the growth of methane-forming microorganisms may be suppressed due to a lowering of pH, thereby reducing the amount of biogas production.

The heating boiler 220 may apply heat to the storage tank 210 so that hot water has a temperature range of 30 to 60°C.

The digester 230 may generate a digestive liquid by decomposing organic waste to generate biogas.

Although only one digester 230 is shown in the drawing, one or more digester 230 may be included.

As shown in FIG. 3, the heat exchanger H'is disposed between the storage tank 210 and the digester 230 and exchanges heat by hot water passing therethrough, so that the temperature of the digestive liquid may be improved.

In more detail, in the heat exchanger (H'), the temperature of the extinguishing liquid is increased by the heat of the hot water, and the extinguishing liquid is introduced back into the digester 230. In this case, the hot water whose temperature has been lowered by heat exchange may have a circulation structure flowing back into the storage tank 210.

That is, as the digester temperature control unit 200 has such a configuration, by using the excess hot water of the heat exchanger H described in Example 2, the digestion efficiency of the organic waste in the digester 230 is improved. There is this.

The second pump P ₂ may be disposed between the hot water storage tank 110 and the storage tank 210 in order to supply some of the hot water whose temperature has been lowered through the hot water storage tank 110 to the storage tank 210.

The third pump (P ₃ ) may be disposed between the hot water storage tank 110 and the heat exchanger (H') in order to supply hot water whose temperature is increased by the heating boiler 220 to the heat exchanger (H'). have.

The fourth pump (P ₄ ) is to be disposed between the heat exchanger (H') and the digester 230 in order to increase the temperature of the digestive liquid by supplying the digestive liquid whose temperature is lowered from the digester 230 to the heat exchanger (H'). I can.

In more detail, some of the hot water whose temperature has been lowered through the hot water storage tank 110 may be supplied to the storage tank 210 by the second pump P ₂ .

In addition, the hot water stored in the storage tank 210 is heated by the heating boiler 220 to increase the temperature of the hot water, and the heated hot water is supplied to the heat exchanger (H') by the third pump (P ₃ ).

As for the hot water supplied to the heat exchanger (H'), the digestive liquid whose temperature has been lowered by the fourth pump (P ₄ ) passes through the heat exchanger (H'), and heat exchange occurs at the same time, thereby increasing the temperature of the digestive liquid. The elevated digestive fluid has a circulation structure that is brought back into the digester 230.

In this case, the hot water whose temperature has been lowered by heat exchange has the advantage of being able to reuse hot water through a circulation structure that is brought back into the storage tank 210.

In addition, as the digester temperature control unit 200 is included in the ORC power generation system using the waste heat of the biogas generator, the temperature for digesting organic waste in the digester is kept constant, so that the amount of biogas production can be improved.

The following is a description of a method (S200) of digesting organic waste using the digester temperature controller 200.

First, a step (S210) of storing hot water in the storage tank 210 may be performed.

In this case, the hot water may be stored by flowing the hot water passing through the heat exchanger H of the ORC power generation system 100 into the storage tank 210 by the second pump P ₂ .

Next, the step of heating the hot water (S220) may be performed.

In this case, the storage tank 210 may apply heat to the storage tank 210 using the heating boiler 220 so that the stored hot water has a temperature range of 30 to 60°C.

Subsequently, the step (S230) of digesting the organic waste by heat exchange in the heat exchanger (H') may be performed.

At this time, the hot water stored in the storage tank 210 by the third pump (P ₃ ) passes through the heat exchanger (H') and the digestive liquid stored in the digester (230) by the fourth pump (P ₄ ) is transferred to the heat exchanger ( H'), the temperature of the digestive liquid can be improved by heat exchange.

The digestive liquid having the increased temperature is brought back into the digester 230 so that organic waste can be digested.

Next, a step (S240) in which hot water having a lowered temperature passing through the heat exchanger H'is introduced into the storage tank 210 may be performed.

Thereafter, after the step S240, the digestion efficiency of the organic waste may be improved through a circulation structure sequentially performed again from the step S210 or S220 described above.

<Example 4>

The ORC power generation system using waste heat from the landfill gas generator is a landfill gas generator 20, a valve (V), a heat exchanger (H), and a pump (P ₁ ) in front of the ORC power generation system 100, as shown in FIG. 4. Can be placed.

The ORC power generation system 100 may include a hot water storage tank 110, a turbine generator 120, a condenser 130, a cooling tower 140, and a pump 150 described above.

The landfill gas generator 20 may generate electric energy and waste heat as it is used as a generator fuel using landfill gas (LFG) produced in a landfill.

Here, waste heat generated from the landfill gas generator may be used as the heat source (1).

The ORC power generation system using waste heat from the landfill gas generator differs only in the type of heat source 1 used in Example 2, and the same configuration and electric energy generation method as in Example 2 are the same, so a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience. do.

The ORC power generation system 100 has an advantage that can be used as an auxiliary device by being mounted on an existing device.

<Example 5>

Another ORC power generation system using the steam recuperator 32 shear heat of the turbine generator 31 is a waste heat boiler 30, a turbine generator 31, and steam in front of the ORC power generation system 100, as shown in FIG. A condenser 32, a tank 33, a desuperheater 34, a heat exchanger (H), a valve (V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , V ₆ ), and a pump P ₁ may be disposed.

Since the ORC power generation system 100 is the same as the first embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

The waste heat boiler 30 may generate steam using high-temperature waste heat gas generated when combustible waste (eg, waste wood, waste paper, waste vinyl, etc.) is combusted in an incinerator.

The steam generated by the waste heat boiler 30 may be introduced into any one of a turbine generator 31, a desuperheater 34, or a heat exchanger (H), as shown in FIG. 5.

For example, when the steam generated by the waste heat boiler 30 is liquefied during the process of being transferred along a pipe disposed between the waste heat boiler 30 and the desuperheater 34 to generate water, the sixth valve V ₆ ) may be bypassed without being introduced into the desuperheater 34 as it is opened.

As shown in FIG. 5, the water described above may flow into the heat exchanger H through another pipe disposed between the waste heat boiler 30 and the desuperheater 34.

The turbine generator 31 may have the same configuration as the turbine generator 120 of the first embodiment described above. At this time, the steam generated by the waste heat boiler 30 may be used as the steam supplied to the turbine generator 31.

The steam recuperator 32 may be disposed at the rear end of the turbine generator 31 as shown in FIG. 5.

At this time, the steam recuperator 32 may carry in the steam that has passed through the turbine generator 31 or the steam that has passed through the heat exchanger (H) and exchange heat by the cooling water circulating so that the steam can be liquefied into water.

For example, liquefaction is generated during the process of steam passing through the turbine generator 31 being transferred along a pipe disposed between the turbine generator 31 and the steam recuperator 32, and when water is generated, the fourth valve (V ₄ ) is closed so that it can be bypassed without flowing into the vapor recuperator 32.

As shown in FIG. 5, the water described above may flow into the heat exchanger H through another pipe disposed between the turbine generator 31 and the vapor recuperator 32.

The tank 33 may be stored by carrying in water liquefied by the vapor recovery device 32 or condensed water generated by heat exchange in the vapor recovery device 32.

At this time, water or condensed water stored in the tank 33 may be discharged to the outside or may be reused.

The desuperheater 34 is a steam recuperator described above, and may be disposed between the waste heat boiler 30 and the turbine generator 31.

Here, the desuperheater 34 may liquefy the steam introduced from the waste heat boiler 30 into water using the cooling water circulated therein.

The water generated by the desuperheater 34 may be transferred to the heat exchanger H to become hot water having a temperature within a range in which the working fluid of the ORC power generation system 100 can be vaporized.

At this time, when the water generated by the desuperheater 34 is transferred to the heat exchanger H, the fifth valve V ₅ closes and the sixth valve V ₆ opens at the same time, so that the water flows along the pipe. It may be introduced into the heat exchanger (H).

The fifth valve (V ₅ ) may be operated as described above in order to prevent water generated in the desuperheater 34 from flowing back and flowing into the turbine generator 31 to fail.

The heat exchanger (H) may be disposed in front of the ORC power generation system 100, as shown in FIG.

In the heat exchanger (H), water generated from one or more of the waste heat boiler (30), turbine generator (31), or desuperheater (34) is introduced, and the working fluid is vaporized due to heat exchange within the heat exchanger (H). Can be.

More specifically, the water is generated by liquefaction while the steam generated by the waste heat boiler 30 is being transported along the pipe, or is generated by liquefying the steam of the waste heat boiler 30 by the desuperheater 34, or a turbine generator. Vapor passing through (31) may be generated due to liquefaction while being transported along the pipe.

Here, as the valves V ₃ , V ₄ , V ₅ , and V ₆ , any one of a ball valve, a gate valve, or a butterfly valve may be used, but is not limited thereto.

The ball valve has a ball (ball)-shaped valve with a hole in the opening and closing portion of the valve, and the ball is rotated to close or open the hole to open and close the valve, and has good airtightness and convenient operation.

The gate valve has an advantage in that the valve disk vertically blocks the passage of the fluid to open and close, and the fluid flow is maintained in a straight line.

Since the butterfly valve is the same as the second embodiment, a detailed description will be omitted.

The third valve (V ₃ ) may be disposed between the waste heat boiler 30 and the turbine generator 31 in order to control whether the steam generated in the waste heat boiler 30 flows into or shuts off the turbine generator 31. .

For example, when the third valve V ₃ is open, the steam of the waste heat boiler 30 passes through the turbine generator 31 to generate electric energy. In this case, the fifth valve V ₅ may be closed to improve the efficiency of the electric energy generated by the turbine generator 31.

If the third valve (V ₃ ) is closed, the steam generated in the waste heat boiler 30 does not pass through the turbine generator 31, and the pipe formed between the waste heat boiler 30 and the turbine generator 31 is closed. Steam is introduced into the desuperheater 34 or the heat exchanger H, so that the working fluid may be vaporized in the heat exchanger H.

The fourth valve (V ₄ ) may be disposed between the turbine generator 31 and the steam recuperator 32 in order to control whether or not the steam passing through the turbine generator 31 flows into or shuts off the steam recuperator 32. .

For example, when the fourth valve (V ₄ ) is open, the steam passing through the turbine generator 31 flows into the steam recuperator 32 to liquefy the steam into water, or between the turbine generator 31 and the steam recuperator 32 Steam flows into the heat exchanger (H) along the pipe formed in the heat exchanger (H) so that the working fluid may be vaporized.

If the fourth valve (V ₄ ) is closed, the steam that has passed through the turbine generator (31) flows into the heat exchanger (H) along the pipe formed between the turbine generator (31) and the steam recuperator (32). As a result, the working fluid may be vaporized in the heat exchanger (H).

The fifth valve (V ₅ ) may be disposed between the waste heat boiler 30 and the temperature reducer 34 to control whether the steam generated in the waste heat boiler 30 flows into or blocks the desuperheater 34. .

For example, when the fifth valve V ₅ is open, the steam generated by the waste heat boiler 30 may flow into the turbine generator 31, the desuperheater 34, or the heat exchanger (H).

If the fifth valve (V ₅ ) is closed, steam generated from the waste heat boiler 30 may flow into the turbine generator 31 to generate electric energy.

The sixth valve V ₆ may be disposed between the waste heat boiler 30 and the heat exchanger H in order to control whether the steam generated in the waste heat boiler 30 flows into or shuts off the heat exchanger H. .

For example, when the sixth valve (V ₆ ) is open, the steam generated from the waste heat boiler 30 passes through a pipe located between the waste heat boiler 30 and the turbine generator 31, and the desuperheater 34 or the heat exchanger ( It flows into H) and the working fluid may be vaporized in the heat exchanger (H).

If the sixth valve (V ₆ ) is closed, the steam generated from the waste heat boiler 30 may flow into the desuperheater 34 through a pipe located between the waste heat boiler 30 and the turbine generator 31. have.

The ORC power generation system 100 of the first embodiment may be disposed at the rear end of the heat exchanger (H).

Since the pump P ₁ is the same as the second embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

Since the steam recuperator 32 of another turbine generator 31 uses shear heat, the ORC power generation system reduces the electricity consumption of the steam recuperator 32 or the desuperheater 34 as two turbine generators 31 and 120 are included. It can be greatly reduced, and there is an effect of one stone or two to produce electric energy.

In particular, the ORC power generation system 100 has an advantage that can be used auxiliaryly by being mounted on an existing device.

<Example 6>

The ORC power generation system using the waste heat generated from the waste heat boiler 41 of the incinerator 40 is an incinerator 40 in front of the ORC power generation system 100, a waste heat boiler 41, and a steam storage tank ( 42), a pump 43, P ₁ , and a heat exchanger H may be disposed.

Since the ORC power generation system 100 is the same as the first embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

The incinerator 40 may be a furnace that burns and removes solid wastes such as paper, plastic, wood, vinyl, etc., wastes having a high moisture content such as food waste and sludge, and wastes such as waste oil.

Here, the incinerator 40 may be a small incinerator capable of incineration of 5 tons or less per day or 100 kg or less per hour, or a medium-sized incinerator capable of incineration of 50 tons or less per day or 100 kg or more per hour. , Preferably, a small incinerator may be used, but is not limited thereto.

Since the waste heat boiler 41 is the same as the waste heat boiler 30 of the fifth embodiment described above, a detailed description will be omitted.

The steam storage tank 42 may store steam generated by the waste heat boiler 41.

The pump 43 may be disposed between the steam storage tank 42 and the heat exchanger H in order to supply the steam stored in the steam storage tank 42 to the heat exchanger (H).

In the heat exchanger (H), heat exchange occurs in the heat exchanger (H) as the steam passes through the heat exchanger (H) to evaporate the working fluid, and the steam remaining after the heat exchange may be released to the atmosphere.

In addition, the ORC power generation system 100 is disposed at the rear end of the heat exchanger H, so that electric energy may be generated by the vaporized working fluid.

Since the pump P ₁ is the same as the second embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

The ORC power generation system using the waste heat generated from the waste heat boiler 41 of the incinerator 40 has the advantage of producing electric energy by utilizing the waste heat generated from the small incinerator.

In particular, the ORC power generation system 100 has an advantage that can be used auxiliaryly by being mounted on an existing device.

<Example 7>

In the ORC power generation system using waste heat from the landfill gas incinerator, as shown in FIG. 7, a landfill gas incinerator 50 is disposed in front of the ORC power generation system 100, and the landfill gas incinerator 50 and the ORC power generation system 100 A digester temperature control unit 200 may be disposed between.

Since the ORC power generation system 100 is the same as the first embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

The landfill gas incinerator 50 may generate hot water using waste heat generated by incineration of the landfill gas (LFG).

The landfill gas incinerator 50 may be disposed in front of the hot water storage tank 110 in order to vaporize the working fluid of the ORC power generation system 100 using the generated hot water.

Since the digester temperature control unit 200 is the same as that of the third embodiment described above, a detailed description thereof will be omitted for convenience.

At this time, the digester temperature control unit 200 may be connected to a pipe located between the landfill gas incinerator 50 and the hot water storage tank 110 in order to use hot water whose temperature is lowered by heat exchange, as shown in FIG. 7. have.

As the ORC power generation system using waste heat from the landfill gas incinerator includes the digester temperature controller 200 at the rear end, the biogas production can be improved by maintaining a constant temperature for digesting organic waste in the digester.

In addition, the ORC power generation system 100 has an advantage that can be used as an auxiliary device by being mounted on an existing device.

The present invention is an ORC power generation system using waste heat, which can be used industrially to produce electric energy by recovering waste heat resources generated from a biogas engine generator, a landfill gas engine generator or incinerator, a turbine generator, or a boiler of a small incinerator. It is an invention.

Claims (5)

The water circulating in the heat exchanger (H) is heated by the unused waste heat generated from the biogas generator to generate hot water and supply it to the hot water storage tank 110, or the heat exchanger (H) in which waste heat remaining after heat exchange is released to the atmosphere. );
Hot water generated by the heat exchanger (H) passes through the hot water storage tank 110 to vaporize the working fluid, and the hot water lowered by heat exchange by the first pump (P ₁ ) is resupplied to the heat exchanger (H). Or, the hot water storage tank 110 supplied to the storage tank 210 by the second pump (P ₂ );
A turbine generator 120 that is driven by the working fluid vaporized in the hot water storage tank 110 to generate electric energy;
A condenser 130 in which the coolant is circulated and the working fluid that has passed through the turbine generator 120 is condensed;
A cooling tower 140 in which cooling water is generated to condense the working fluid of the condenser 130, or cooling water that is reusable by lowering the temperature by bringing in the cooling water whose temperature has risen due to heat exchange in the condenser 130 again to generate reusable cooling water;
A pump 150 for supplying the working fluid liquefied in the condenser 130 to the hot water storage tank 110;
A storage tank 210 for storing hot water that has passed through the heat exchangers H and H';
A heating boiler 220 that applies heat to the storage tank 210 so that the hot water stored in the storage tank 210 has a temperature range of 30 to 60°C;
The hot water in the storage tank 210 passes through the heat exchanger (H') by the third pump (P ₃ ), and the digestive liquid of the digester tank 230 introduced by the fourth pump (P ₄ ) is hot water in the storage tank 210 The temperature of the extinguishing liquid is increased due to heat exchange by the heat exchanger (H') in which the temperature of the extinguishing liquid is increased, the hot water having the lowered temperature is introduced into the storage tank 210, and the extinguishing liquid having the improved temperature is introduced into the digester 230; And
Including; a digester 230 in which the organic waste is decomposed to generate a digestive liquid to generate biogas,
Waste heat has a temperature of 50 to 600 ℃,
The working fluid is an ORC power generation system using unused waste heat, characterized in that any one refrigerant selected from ammonia (NH ₃ ), carbon dioxide, hydrogen fluorocarbon (HFC) series or hydrogen fluoroolefin (HFO) series is used. The method according to claim 1,
The cooling water is characterized in that it has a temperature of 25 to 45 ℃, ORC power generation system using unused waste heat. delete delete delete

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