ES2358502A1 - High-precision integral modular formwork system for the construction of monolithic reinforced-concrete structures - Google Patents

Abstract

The system comprises: -formwork panels (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and 1g) provided with an inner surface (2) that extends peripherally in the form of a perimeter flange (3) provided with holes (4) for the mounting of connection means, and which , together with the inner surface (2), forms a structure in the manner of a hollow box, that is open towards the exterior side and that , internally, has a frame of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (5) constituted by folded plates, means for securing the successive formwork panels for forming a concreting mould and means for securing reinforcements inside the formwork.

Description

Modular and integral high formwork system precision for construction of monolithic concrete structures armed.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a system of high precision modular and integral construction formwork of monolithic reinforced concrete structures, of the type of which they comprise: formwork panels, fastening means of successive formwork panels for forming a mold of concreting with an accuracy of the order of tenths of millimeters and reinforcement fastening means inside the mold.

Background of the invention.

Within manual formwork systems It is worth mentioning the previous existence of several patents applicant in which the formwork system is based on the use of formwork panels that are positioned duly separated and fixed by means of connection in order of forming some molds for the concreting of a structure Monolithic reinforced concrete.

Specifically in the invention patent Spanish 9401135 (ES2120298B1) describes some improvements in modular and integral formwork systems, high precision, for the construction of reinforced concrete structures; contemplating said improvement the use of panels modular formwork that have a reinforcement face reticular integrated and equipped with perforated peripheral profiles which allow rapid placement of fasteners such as conical separators and self-centering clips, for conformation, with said panels, of molds or formwork.

The improvements of the mentioned patent they also contemplate the use of complementary pieces of stabilization and reinforcement allowing the positioning of reinforcement metal reinforcements and plates of insulating material that they will be incorporated into the concreted dough and set in the formwork interior.

Although the formwork system object of the mentioned Spanish invention patent 9401135 (ES2120292B1) perfectly fulfills the purpose for which it was designed, it presents a certain complexity of assembly and installation, especially in regard to the correct location of the panels formwork in order to obtain high precision and consequently minimum tolerances in the construction of monolithic structures of hormi-
Gon.

Another antecedent to mention is the patent of Spanish invention P200202648 (ES2281212B1) of the same inventor, requested on November 18, 2002, by INDUSTRIALIZED SYSTEMS BARCONS S.L. This patent describes some improvements in the construction systems of reinforced concrete structures or other material by means of modular and integral high formwork precision. The improvements of this patent present some constructive features aimed at optimizing the management of high precision integral formwork based on utilization of formwork panels, joining and clamping pieces of said panels, forming molds or formwork for the pouring of the concrete and consequently allow the realization of industrialized buildings.

The improvements of the mentioned patent Spanish P200202648 (ES2281212B1) mainly focus on the use of a high precision mold for the realization of the foundation slab and in the use of wall templates for the rethinking the divisions and enclosures with all their installations.

These improvements also include main way the use of improved means for construction of details such as wall overlaps and the use of special tools for handling panels and other elements that compose it, as well as the use of new types of panels of special use for example for the use of boxes of blinds and the like.

The structure building system of reinforced concrete object of the mentioned Spanish patent P200202648 (ES2281212B1) basically uses panels practically identical to those used in the Spanish patent 9401135 (ES2120298B1) commented above, comprising said formwork panels in both cases a surface or plate that forms the inside face of the panel, a profile or tab perimeter provided with holes for mounting elements of union and a framework of external reinforcements for stiffening and that allow maintaining the dimensional stability of the panels formwork with high precision.

However these later fabrics, formed by solid handrails entail a high cost of manufacturing and a low relationship between the weight and strength of the panel, which complicates its handling and limits the dimensions acceptable panels that can reach dimensions of 100x50 cm The weight of the formwork panels and the possible impacts with the ground frequently determines that they are deformed and deteriorate considerably, especially given that The formwork system is designed to obtain a large precision. It is also usual that during its pouring, concrete access the lower area of the hollow or outer side of the formwork panels, setting inside, making it difficult to subsequent cleaning and increases the total weight of the panel.

On the other hand the low resistance of these panels makes it necessary to use a large number of spacer straps to ensure mold stability, a number of four spacer straps being used in practice per square meter of panel.

Another drawback of the system construction object of the mentioned Spanish patent 200202648 (ES2281212B1) is that given the high number of spacer straps to be used, the formwork panel had on its periphery some recesses for the passage of said spacer braces which makes it difficult considerably the use of panels of different sizes in formwork forming taking into account that said braces separators must be located in the joint joints of the panels Formwork

In the mentioned patent, the use of a large number of accessory parts such as wedges, brackets, union clamp screws or pins self-centering to stabilize formwork molds, which entails the use of a large number of elements of screws and an important time in the assembly of the formwork.

In said patent, the use of templates to make the correct distribution of formwork panels and other elements constructive such as installations of all kinds, following the plant geometry of the construction to be performed. These templates Staking and walls require a correct fixation high number of anchors and auxiliary parts, which complicates notably its positioning in the work.

The mentioned Spanish patent 200202648 presents a system of placing the insulation and concreting of a only the wall, but in practice it does not meet the standards of construction for several problems that arise at the time of concreting, the most important is runout and breakage of the insulating plates due to the strong pressure produced by the concrete when the level on either side of the plate is decompensated at carry out the concrete pouring process.

Description of the invention

The modular and integral formwork system of high precision for construction of monolithic structures of reinforced concrete object of the present invention, being of the type of those mentioned above, that is, those based on the use of high precision formwork panels, some fastening means of the successive formwork panels for the shaping of a concrete mold and means for clamping of the molds formed by the formwork panels, presents a series of constructive particularities oriented first to provide said formwork panels with a structure that significantly simplifies its manufacture and that increases significantly the relationship between the resistance and the weight of the panel, which allows the manufacture of panels of significantly larger dimensions and consequently a considerable reduction of the unions and the labor to be used in the formwork assembly.

Another object of the invention is the definition in the formwork panels themselves specific configurations such as: wedge ends for facilitate the disassembly of the formwork once the concreting, or lateral extensions in square for the corner definition using a single panel, which reduces considerably the number of accessory parts to use for achieve these decoupling objectives and definition of corners

Another object of the invention is the use of means for joining the formwork panels that allow to absorb the additional thicknesses formed by the concrete adhered to the perimeter tabs of the panels formwork, which constitutes an important problem when use sized self-centering clips to hug only the two perimeter tabs of attached formwork panels, and to maintain a pressure on the panels during the performance of said joining means, preventing said binding from being loosened by example due to the vibrations transmitted to the panels during pouring or vibrating concrete.

Obviously the use of these means of union, provided with pressure means, substantially improve the joining the panels, said means of being able to be formed connection by pressure handles or by tightening screws depending on how often they will be assembled and disassemble the formwork panels.

Another feature of this system of Mold is the incorporation of configuration formwork panels curve with different radii of curvature, which allow solving satisfactorily multiple curved architectures, with the mentioned background that used only panels of flat formwork.

The formwork system object of the invention it also includes some formwork panels for fastening non-telescopic struts formed by two extreme sections that they present in the opposite ends each portions, threaded in opposite directions, for the coupling of an intermediate piece whose spin determines an increase or decrease in the total length of the strut.

This type of strut has a constructive simplicity far superior to that of telescopic struts and is especially effective and quick to
mounting.

Another feature of the system formwork of the present invention is that the dialing and stakeout templates, as well as templates of walls described in the Spanish invention patent 200202648 (ES2281212B1) discussed above and whose assembly and disassembly It was especially complex because it needed a high number of accessories for fixing. In addition to a high manufacturing cost. These marking and stakeout templates have been replaced by an alignment device formed by independent joists with the triple function of location of the walls, alignment of the themselves, and support for the pressure of the formwork panels in the concreting process, Some corners provided with pivots of coupling and fixing the joists with an angle determined, which greatly simplifies assembly tasks and disassembly of the joists, braces for securing the joists so that they maintain their squad and situation of the walls during the assembly of the mold and some wall dividers to maintain the required thickness of the walls and form the template.

Additionally the mentioned joists they have other notable features such as posts reinforcement centers and installations inside the molds, the incorporation of welded squares to delimit the exact measurements of the doors or openings, and some indications referring to the height and situation of the different elements to mount such as reinforcements, installations or tie rods of centering posts, all of which replace the complicated ones wall stencils set forth in the previous Spanish patent 200202648, with the consequent saving in the assembly of the mold and manufacturing costs

Another feature of the invention is centered on a series of elements such as folded stirrups and deployed stirrups, of different lengths for the reinforcement of reinforcements inside the molds during the construction of double walls by means of successive formwork and concreting, establishing said stirrups the union of the two concretes of the double wall. This system also includes fasteners for thermal insulation plates inside the mentioned double walls: said fasteners presenting a suitable configuration to keep the plates centered on their
position.

This system perfectly meets the standards thermal and acoustic currently required in construction.

These and other features of the invention, collected in the claims, they will be better understood in sight of the exemplary embodiment shown in the attached figures and which They relate below.

Description of the figures

To complement the description that is being performing and in order to facilitate the understanding of characteristics of the invention, is attached herein descriptive a set of drawings in which, for illustrative purposes and not limiting, the following has been represented:

- Figure 1 shows an elevation view of a example of realization of a basic formwork panel.

- Figure 2 shows a partial view of formwork panel profile of figure 1 sectioned by a plane vertical.

- Figure 3 shows a partial view in formwork panel floor of figure 1.

- Figure 4 shows an elevation view of a exemplary embodiment of a formwork panel provided with wedges or stripping chamfers at two of its ends.

- Figure 5 shows a partial detail of formwork panel profile of figure 4.

- Figure 6 shows a plan view upper formwork panel in figure 4.

- Figure 7 shows an elevation view of a exemplary embodiment of a formwork panel provided with a cover lower.

- Figure 8 shows a detail of formwork panel profile of Figure 7 sectioned by a vertical plane and in which the lid can be seen
lower.

- Figure 9 shows an elevation view of a formwork panel provided with square extensions in two of its sides, one of said squads being closed laterally by a blind cover.

- Figure 10 shows a profile view of the formwork panel of figure 9.

- Figure 11 shows a profile view of the panel of figure 9 seen from the side provided with a cover blind

- Figure 12 shows a front view of a formwork panel extended by one of its ends in a squad.

- Figure 13 shows a profile view of the panel of figure 12.

- Figure 14 shows an elevation view of a formwork panel provided with a square extension in one of its ends and a front closure cover at one end adjacent.

- Figure 15 shows a profile view of the formwork panel of figure 14.

- Figure 16 shows an elevation view of a curved formwork panel.

- Figure 17 shows a plan view of the curved formwork panel of figure 16.

- Figure 18 shows an elevation view of a exemplary embodiment of an overlap panel.

- Figure 19 shows a profile view of the overlap panel of Figure 18 in which the thickness or lateral chock of said overlay panel can be seen.
eg

- Figure 20 shows an elevation view of exemplary embodiment of one of the panel joining handles Formwork

- Figure 21 shows an elevation view of a exemplary embodiment of a screw connecting the panels formwork, with the nut removed.

- Figure 22 shows a rear view of the connecting screw figure 21, in which the anti-rotation washer of said connecting screw.

- Figure 23 shows an elevation view of a example of realization of the spacer braces, with the nut of Tighten disassembled.

- Figure 24 shows an elevation view of a connecting handle and a connecting screw in use position, fixing two adjacent formwork panels.

- Figure 25 shows an enlarged detail of the union of two formwork panels by means of a union handle.

- Figure 26 shows a profile detail of Figure 25 in which the retention stop of the handle contacting, without the possibility of turning, against one of the panels to join.

- Figure 27 shows a profile detail of Figure 25 in which the joint handle can be observed during its assembly through the opposite holes of the panels to link.

- Figure 28 shows a view analogous to the Figure 27, with the handle turned a quarter turn, in the position of joining formwork panels.

- Figure 29 shows an elevation view of a exemplary embodiment of a non-telescopic strut provided with a intermediate piece of screw drive.

- Figure 30 shows a detail of an area intermediate of the strut of figure 29, sectioned by a plane vertical to appreciate the screw mounting of the intermediate piece in opposite ends of the end sections of the strut.

- Figure 31 shows a schematic view in elevation of a work in which you can see the prop of the figure 29 and the overlap panel of figures 18 in the position of use.

- Figure 32 schematically shows a enlarged detail of figure 31, in which the mounting the overlap panel on a concrete wall using tightening straps.

- Figure 33 schematically shows the formwork panel assembly with the help of a car elevator.

- Figure 34 shows a profile view of the Lift car of the previous figure.

- Figure 35 shows an elevation view rear of the lift car.

- Figure 36 shows an elevation view of a exemplary embodiment of a foldable stirrup usable in the clamping of reinforcements in the construction of double walls with thermal insulation by formwork and concreting technique successive

- Figure 37 shows a plan view upper of the folded stirrup of figure 36.

- Figure 38 shows an elevation view of a exemplary embodiment of a deployed stirrup usable in the clamping of reinforcements in the construction of double walls with thermal insulation by formwork and concreting technique successive

- Figure 39 shows an application example of straight panels, panels with square extension with wedges of decoupling and folded brackets of reinforcement of reinforcements during first formwork for the construction of a double wall with thermal isolation.

- Figure 40 shows a detail of the figure previous, once the first concreting of the double wall and in which the fastening of a first armor can be observed by part of the folded stirrups of figures 36 and 37.

- Figure 41 shows an example of application of the panels of the invention for the fastening of a second formwork in the realization of a double wall, and in which the fastening of the thermal insulation plates fixed against the first concreting can be observed by fasteners mounted on the deployed stirrups for securing the second arms
hard.

- Figure 42 shows a front view of the insulation plates of the previous figure, fastened by fixers.

- Figure 43 shows an enlarged view in elevation of one of the fasteners of thermal insulation plates.

- Figure 44 shows an enlarged detail of profile of the intermediate zone of one of the fasteners mounted on a stirrup deployed and fixing one of the insulation plates thermal, being able to observe in this figure the performance of the oblique tabs of the fastener against the stirrup.

- Figure 45 shows a schematic view in elevation of a formwork and of the internal reinforcement in which you can observe the provision without interference of said armor and transverse formwork fasteners, such as spacer straps.

- Figure 46 shows a distribution in floor of a building to be done with the formwork of the invention, in which an area "A" has been referenced whose Expanded detail is depicted in Figure 47.

- Figure 47 shows the layout of a alignment device and formwork panel support in the zone "A" indicated in the previous figure. In this figure you look at the layout of the panel alignment joists formwork, corner coupling and fixing centerpieces of the joists with a certain angle, the spacer braces of joists and centering posts of armor and installations, components of the alignment device and support.

- Figure 48 shows an elevation view of a reinforcement center post in the use position, fixed by centering corners and folding braces to the joists of the alignment device and support of the formwork panels.

- Figure 49 corresponds to a plan view top of figure 48, without the armor.

- Figure 50 shows a plan view bottom of an embodiment example of a centering corner.

- Figure 51 shows an elevation view of the central corner of figure 50, in which you can see the coupling pins with the alignment beams of the formwork panels.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In figures 1 to 17 you can see different embodiments of the formwork panels referenced as (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and 1g) for differentiation.

These formwork panels have a shape generalized an inner surface (2) extended peripherally towards the outer side in a perimeter tab (3) that presents an alignment of holes (4) elongated longitudinally for the assembly of the joining means of the successive formwork panels during the shaping of a mold for pouring concrete and the construction of monolithic structures.

The inner surface (2) of the panels formwork (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and 1g) defined jointly with the perimeter tab (3) a hollow box structure, open towards the outer side and that internally has a Lattice of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (5).

In the different formwork panels (1st .... 1g) the reinforcements (5) consist of folded sheets, of small thickness, which have a cross section as a omega, whose wings (6) are welded to the surface inside (2) of the panel, and whose soul (7) has a section decreasing towards the outer side of the panel.

This constitution and configuration of reinforcements (5) provide high strength and stability dimensional to the different formwork panels that, in addition, they have a high resistance in relation to their weight, which allows to manufacture and use formwork panels of some dimensions of the order of 300x75 cm.

The use of this type of reinforcements (5) allow to significantly reduce the number of braces separators to be used per square meter of formwork panel, which can be reduced to a single spacer strap per square meter of formwork panel

Another of the peculiarities of this system of formwork is that the spacer straps, which will be detailed more forward, they don't have a certain point of placement on the panel what allows to mount formwork panels of different sizes in the walls without it being necessary to observe previously where the union of a panel with respect to that of the opposite panel.

With the general configuration described previously some of the formwork panels have some features aimed at facilitating and simplifying its use in the formwork system.

Specifically, in Figures 4 to 6 you can observe a formwork panels (1b) in which the tab perimeter corresponding to at least one of the ends defined with the inner surface (2) a different angle of 90 degrees, defining at the mentioned ends of the formwork panels (1b) a wedge-like configuration (8) intended to facilitate the mold removal.

In the exemplary embodiment shown in the Figures 7 and 8 can be seen formwork panels (1c) that they present at its lower end a lid (9) that closes externally the cavity delimited between the perimeter tab (3) and the reinforcements (5) next to said perimeter flange.

The incorporation of this cover (9) in the panels formwork (1c) allows to significantly increase the resistance of the panel against impacts especially during contact with the soil and, additionally, to prevent concrete from accumulating in its interior, unnecessarily increasing the weight of the panel formwork with the concrete set.

The formwork panels (1d) shown in Figures 9 to 11 have a particular feature that they extend through one of their ends in a square (10) that ends frontally in a flange (3) provided with an alignment of holes (4 ) lengthened longitudinally, like the rest of the perimeter tabs (3), and by an adjacent side in an analogous square (10) closed laterally by a blind cover, as shown in figure 11. The holes (4) allow the coupling of the panels (1d) with successive formwork panels
(1a, ..., 1g) said formwork panels (1d) forming a corner of the concrete mold.

The use of these formwork panels (1d) greatly simplifies the configuration of the corners of the work, which are defined by a single panel, without the need for resort to the use of additional parts for shaping from the mentioned corner.

The formwork panels (1e) represented in Figures 12 and 13 show an extension at one end. squad (10).

In the case of figures 14 and 15, the panel (1f) it presents, in addition to the square (10) a cover (9) analogous to that of the panels (1c).

In figures 16 and 17 a panel of formwork (1g) that has the particularity of presenting a curved configuration and that can be manufactured with various radii of curvature, resulting in this formwork panel (1g) especially interesting to solve architectures with configurations rounded.

Bonding and fixing of panels formwork with each other is done by some fastening means can be used optionally or combined depending on the needs of each mold.

One of these fastening means is constituted by connecting handles, shown in figure 20, which have a conical end rod (12) provided in its anterior area with a helical pin (13) and in its posterior area with a stop (14) retaining bending washers (15) that maintain the pressure in the joining of the formwork panels
(1a .... 1g) and an oblique drive handle (16).

Said helical pin (13) has suitable dimensions to be introduced in a certain position by the holes (4) of the perimeter tabs (3) of the facing formwork panels as shown in Figure 27, establishing a tightening of the themselves by turning the connecting handle (11) approximately one quarter turn, as shown in the figure
28.

One of the main features of these joining handles is the incorporation of bending washers (15) that allow to absorb the thickness differences defined by the concrete adhered to the formwork panels and exert a pressure on the joint preventing it from being loosened for example to cause of vibrations

These tie handles are especially indicated for fixing those formwork panels (1a ... 1g) that are assembled and disassembled frequently.

In figures 21 and 22 are found represented alternative clamping means of the panels of formwork, consisting of a connecting screw (17) provided in its anterior area of a thread (18) for mounting a nut tighten (19) and in its rear area an anti-rotation washer (20) and of a pressure washer (21).

This pressure washer (21) has the same purpose that the bending washers (15) of the connecting handles (11), allowing the absorption of the thickness differences of the bonding due to the adhesion of cement, and the maintenance of a union pressure.

The anti-rotation washer (20) presents, as You can see in the attached figures, a polygonal configuration, specifically in this square case, which allows you to contact laterally with the inner surface (2) of one of the panels of formwork to be joined preventing the union screw (17) from turning during the tightening nut drive (19).

Additional means for securing the formwork panels (1a ... 1g) consist of some spacer straps (22), shown in figure 23, which allow facing facing of formwork panels during the formation of walls.

Said spacer straps (22) comprise: a screw (23) provided with a front thread (24) and a head rear (25), an outer tube or sheath (26) of plastic material, and a tightening nut (27) provided with a tilting pin (28) drive.

The outer tube or sheath (26) is mounted externally on the screw (23) protecting it from concrete and simultaneously forming a separator that guarantees a constant separation between facing formwork panels and which, consequently, determines the thickness of the wall to build.

In turn, the tilting pin (28), associated with the tightening nut (27), when placed in a collapsed position forms a stop against the formwork panel or against a joist of alignment avoiding unwanted rotation of the tightening nut (27).

Additional means for securing the formwork panels (1a ... 1g) consist of panels of overlap (1h), represented in figures 18 and 19 that are fixed on a support surface by means of tightening braces (29) as can be seen in figures 31 and 32, forming said overlap panels (1h) means for adjustment and alignment of formwork panels (1a ... 1g) higher than said lower support surface.

The overlap panels (1h) have a configuration analogous to the formwork panels (1a .... 1g) and they additionally have, at the lower end of their surface interior (2), a thickness or chock (30) that exerts a function of lever on the overlap panel (1h) when said panel is fixed overlap (1h) against a surface or wall using braces of tighten (29).

These overlap panels (1h) are used by example to adjust and align formwork panels (1a ... 1g) upper with a lower concrete.

In this case the overlap panel (1h) is fixed to the lower concrete using tightening braces (29) so that is flush with said lower concrete as can be observe in figures 31, 32.

The formwork system of the invention comprises additional means for fastening the formwork panels (1a, ... 1g), consisting of struts (31), represented in Figure 29, which are not telescopic but are shaped by two extreme sections (32, 33) that present at the ends two portions (34) threaded in opposite directions, for the coupling of opposite ends (35) of an intermediate piece (36) whose turn in one direction or another causes an increase or a decrease in the total length of the strut.

In figure 29 one of the complete props (31) and, in figure 30, a detail of the area of union of the intermediate piece (36) with the threaded portions (34) of the extreme sections (32, 33) of the strut.

The arrangement of the intermediate piece (36) in the middle area of the strut (31) facilitates manual adjustment and, since it is not telescopic, they are cheaper to manufacture and faster of maneuver.

To facilitate the placement of the panels (1st, ..., 1g) the system comprises extensible stands (44), represented in figures 33, 34 and 35, for the support of the panels during placement. These extendable easels (44) they have an adjustable support (44a) and liftable

As can be seen in figures 36 to 38, this formwork system comprises folded stirrups (37) and the same deployed stirrup (38) especially indicated for fastening first and second reinforcements (39, 40) inside the molds formed by formwork panels
(1a .... 1g) during the construction of double walls by means of successive formwork and concreting, the aforementioned stirrups (38) establishing a means of joining the successive concreting.

As can be seen in figures 36, 37, 39 and 40, the folded stirrups (37) are constituted by a rod metal that have two end portions (41) provided with a plurality of folds for support centered between first and a few second formwork panels and an intermediate portion (42) provided with at least one curved configuration for clamping centered of a first armor (39) between said first and second formwork panels.

Turn the deployed stirrups (38), depicted in figure 38, present at one end a hook (43) for securing a second armor (40) between first and third formwork panels; looking at the extreme portion (41) to the first armor (39), embedded in the wall formed during the first concreting, as you can observe in figure 41.

The formwork system comprises fasteners (45), shown in Figure 43, intended to be mounted on the hooked end (43) of the deployed stirrups (38), as see in figures 41, 42 and 44, to perform the fixing of thermal insulation plates (46) inside the double wall built by successive formwork and concreting.

These fasteners (45) of insulation plates thermal (46) have a blade-like configuration with a central hole (47) for mounting on a deployed stirrup (38) and with oblique retention tabs (48) arranged radially with respect to the central hole.

These oblique tabs (48) allow the advance of the fasteners (45), on the respective deployed stirrups (38), in the direction of imprisonment of the plates thermal insulation (46) against the first concreting, preventing however its displacement in the opposite direction when acting with its free end on the rod of said deployed stirrup (38).

This formwork system comprises additionally a device (49) for alignment and support of the formwork panels during mold assembly, represented in Figure 47, said device (49) comprising: joists (50) independent for the alignment and support of the pressure of the formwork panels, - centering corners (51) provided with pivots (52) for coupling and fixing the joists (50) at a certain angle, - spacer straps (22) of the joists (50) during the assembly of the mold and, - centering posts (53) of reinforcements and installations inside the molds defined by formwork panels.

The mentioned centering corners (51) allow quick coupling of the joists (50) that are arranged externally with respect to the formwork panels of a wall, guaranteeing its alignment and collaborating in the support of the pressure to which the formwork panels are subjected during the concreting

The mentioned joists (50) comprise in the embodiment shown in figure 47 welded brackets (54) to delimit the spaces destined to form doors or openings in concrete construction.

The centering posts (53), represented in Figures 48 and 49, are fixed to the corners centering devices (51), said centering posts (53) having about folding straps (56) for attachment to the joists (50) of alignment and support of the panels formwork

The mentioned joists (50) present indications (57) concerning the height and location of the reinforcements, installations and spacer braces in order to facilitate and avoid errors in the assembly of said elements. In the fixation and square retention of the device (39) about tubular braces (58) shown in figure 47.

Finally it is worth mentioning that to perform the mounting the spacer straps (22) without interference with the trusses arranged inside the formwork, both panels formwork such as lap panels and joists (50) of alignment and support of the panels have holes mechanized according to the disposition that the mentioned separating braces (22) depending on the formwork a perform.

Once nature is sufficiently described of the invention, as well as a preferred embodiment, for the appropriate purposes that the materials, form, size and arrangement of the elements described may be modified, as long as this does not imply an alteration of the essential features of the invention claimed in continuation.

Claims (24)

1. High precision modular and integral formwork system for the construction of monolithic reinforced concrete structures, of the type comprising: - formwork panels (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and 1g) provided with a inner surface (2) that extends peripherally towards the outer side in a perimeter flange (3) that has at least one alignment of holes (4) elongated longitudinally for the assembly of joining means and that conforms, together with the inner surface ( 2), a hollow box-like structure, open towards the outer side and internally having a network of longitudinal and transverse reinforcements (5), - fastening means of the successive formwork panels for the formation of a concrete mold and, - reinforcement fastening means inside the formwork; characterized in that the reinforcements (5) of the formwork panels (1a, 1b, 1c, 1d, 1e, 1f and 1g) are constituted by folded sheets, which have an omega-like cross section, whose wings (6) are they are welded to the inner plate (2) of the panel and whose core (7) has a variable section towards the outer side of the panel. 2. Formwork system according to claim 1, characterized in that the perimeter flange (3) corresponding to at least one of the ends of the formwork panels (1b) defines with the inner surface (2) of said panels a different angle of 90º, defining in the panels at said ends a wedge-like configuration (8) of formwork. 3. Formwork system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork panels (1c) have at least one of the ends a cover (9) that externally closes the cavity or cavities delimited between the perimeter flange (3) corresponding to said end of the formwork panel (1c) and the reinforcements (5) next to said perimeter flange. 4. Formwork system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork panels (1d) extend at least one of its ends in a square (10) that ends frontally in a flange (3) provided with an alignment holes (4) elongated longitudinally for coupling with successive formwork panels, said panels forming a square (10) a corner of the concrete mold. 5. Formwork system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork panels (1d) are extended by one of their ends in a square (10) that ends frontally in a flange (3) provided with an alignment of holes (4) lengthened longitudinally, and by an adjacent side in an analogous square (10) closed laterally by a blind cover. 6. Formwork system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork panels (1e) have a square extension (10) at a single end. 7. Formwork system according to any one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the formwork panels (1g) have curved configurations with various radii of curvature. 8. Formwork system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the means for fastening formwork panels (1a, ..., 1g) comprise connecting handles (11) having a conical end rod (12) which has a helical pin (13) in its anterior area and in its posterior area: a stop (14) for retaining bending washers (15) that maintain the pressure at the joining of the formwork panels and an oblique grip ( 16) drive. 9. Formwork system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the means for securing formwork panels (1a, ..., 1g) comprise a connecting screw (17) provided in its anterior area with a thread (18) for the assembly of a tightening nut (19) and in its anterior posterior area a polygonal configuration anti-rotation washer (20) and a pressure washer (21). 10. Formwork system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the means for fastening formwork panels comprise spacer straps (22) for facing fastening formwork panels (1a, ..., 1g) during the conformation of walls; said spacer brackets (22) comprising: a screw (23) provided with a front thread (24) and a rear head (25), a tube or outer sheath (26) of plastic material to maintain the thickness of the wall and protect the screw (23) of the concrete, and a tightening nut (27) provided with a tilting pin (28) for actuation. 11. Formwork system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fastening means of the formwork panels (1a, ..., 1g) comprise overlapping panels (1h) intended to be fixed on a surface of support by means of tightening braces (29), said overlap panels forming means for adjusting and aligning formwork panels (1a, ..., 1g) with respect to said lower support surface. 12. Formwork system according to claim 11, characterized in that the overlap panels (1h) have a configuration analogous to the formwork panels and additionally have, in correspondence with the lower end of their inner surface (2), a thickness or chock (30) that exerts a lever function on the overlap panel (1h) fixed by means of tightening straps (29). 13. Formwork system according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the fastening means of the formwork panels (1a, ..., 1g) comprise struts (31) (non-telescopic) formed by two end sections (32, 33) presenting at the opposite ends two portions (34) threaded in opposite directions for the coupling of the opposite ends (35) of an intermediate piece (36), whose rotation in one or the other direction causes an increase or a decrease in the total length of the strut (31). 14. Formwork system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises folded stirrups (37) and deployed stirrups (38) for fastening first and second reinforcements (39, 40) inside the molds formed by formwork panels in the construction of double walls by means of successive formwork and concreting, and the joining of said successive concreting. 15. Formwork system according to claim 14, characterized in that the folded stirrups (37) are constituted by a metal rod having two end portions (41) provided with a plurality of folds for support centered between first and second panels. formwork, and an intermediate portion (42) provided with at least one curved configuration for the centered fastening of a first reinforcement (39) between said first and second formwork panels. 16. Formwork system according to claim 14, characterized in that the deployed stirrups (38) have a hooked end (43) for securing a second reinforcement (40) between first and third formwork panels and an end portion (41) for its fixation in a first armor (39). 17. Formwork system according to claim 16, characterized in that the deployed stirrups (38) have a hooked end (43) on which respective fasteners (45) of thermal insulation plates (46) are mounted inside doubles walls built by successive formwork and concreting. 18. Formwork system according to claim 17, characterized in that the fasteners (45) of thermal insulation plates (46) have a blade-like configuration with a central hole (47), for mounting in a deployed stirrup, and with oblique retention tabs (48) radially arranged relative to the central hole (47). 19. Formwork system according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a device (49) for alignment and support of the formwork panels, said device (49) comprising: independent joists (50) for the alignment and support of the pressure of the formwork panels, centering corners (51) provided with pivots (52) for fixing the joists (50) with a certain angle, spacing braces (22) for the joists (50) during the assembly of the mold , and centering posts (53) of reinforcements and installations inside the molds defined by the formwork panels. 20. Formwork system according to claim 19, characterized in that the joists (50) comprise welded brackets (54) to delimit the exact measurements of the doors or openings. 21. Formwork system according to claim 19, characterized in that the centering posts (53) are fixed to the centering corners (51) and have folding braces (56) for attachment to the alignment beams (50) and support of the formwork panels. 22. Formwork system according to claim 19, characterized in that the joists (50) have indications (57) referring to the height and location of the reinforcement, installations and spacer straps. 23. Formwork system according to claim 19, characterized in that the alignment and support device (49) of the formwork panels comprises tubular braces (58) for fixing and retention in the mounting position. 24. Formwork system according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the formwork panels (1a, ..., 1g), the overlapping panels (1h) and the joists (50) of the template have conveniently distributed holes, for mounting spacer straps (22) without interference with the reinforcements.