ES2344725B1 - AEROHYDRAULIC CONVERSOR. - Google Patents

Abstract

Aerohydraulic converter

Wind power transformer device in hydraulics that have a wind pickup surface, understood as such candle / s, panel / s or other elements that work for that purpose, where the incidence of wind causes an effort that is transmitted by some means (s, cables, ropes, ...) to one or several ducts, usually flexible. The duct volume modification causes the establishment of a dynamic flow of current, if the conduit is open, or a increased pressure in a fluid if the duct is closed.

The device is applicable to installations desalination plants, electric car charging centers or others electric power generation centers.

Description

Aerohydraulic converter

Technical sector

The invention falls within the technical sector of renewable energies, and more specifically, in the transformation of wind energy into hydraulics, which, afterwards, can be used for conversion into electrical energy or for any other industrial application such as water desalination .

State of the art

Wind energy can be classified in two large groups; those with the horizontal axis like the mills of wind and wind turbines that produce electricity thanks to circular movement of the blades, the other group corresponds to the that get the movement of the generator by the mechanical connection of this, with a vertical axis from which some arms leave radially, the which support some panels where the wind falls, which causes a rotational torque with respect to the vertical axis that moves the Electric generator.

Currently, there are plants hydroelectric plants located in riverbeds, a model of This type of plant is responsible for transforming kinetic energy coming from the fluid mass of the river in electrical energy, by the location of a turbine mechanically attached to the generator.

Another hydroelectric power plant model would be that a dam is formed and a little permeable terrain forms a reservoir in the course of a river, accumulating large amounts of water, in the lower part of the dam the turbines are placed that due to the pressure exerted by the water column or the impact of a jet of water on these moves them, and these in turn move a generator that He is responsible for producing electricity.

The pumping stations are composed of two reservoirs communicated with each other through ducts constituting a practically closed system, in the hours where the demand for electricity is higher, the upper reservoir releases water that goes to the Lower reservoir and on its way it moves the turbines generating electricity, at times of day when energy demand it is smaller, the excess energy of the network is used to pump water from the lower to upper reservoir.

There are plants that transform energy potential due to oscillations of sea waves in energy electric, is the so-called wave, which generate electricity taking advantage of the tides, they are called tidal waves.

For the generation of electricity there are others types of so-called thermal power plants, where the combustion of fossil derivatives, such as: gas, coal, and oil, as a consequence, a lot of pollution is generated and contributes to climate change, in addition not all countries have reserves of said fuels in its territory and the reserves of these are they are running out and their extraction is increasingly expensive, which It brings the problem of energy dependence.

Nuclear power brings the problem of danger in case of nuclear accident, war or attack, in addition to Uranium and plutonium reserves are increasingly scarce and expensive.

Solar energy is excessively expensive and you need large extensions to place the solar gardens, like inconvenient, on average a month of July is obtained 3 times more energy that in the month of January, but when night comes they stop Be productive

Detailed description of the invention

This device is based on the operation of a sailboat, which after receiving the flow mass of air over the sails, an impulse is generated on this which is able to overcome the resistance of the water on which it floats and generate a translation movement.

The aerohydraulic converter is capable of transform wind energy into hydraulics, for later desalinate seawater, but its main purpose is the electric power generation

Basically, the invention is constituted by a large sail where the incidence of wind on this makes a force, said force is transmitted by wires or ropes to rigid elements located on the mast, these imprison the elastic duct where the fluid circulates, against another rigid element, usually the mast, the force deforms the elastic duct and the fluid flowing through it opposes the force generated by the candle, which causes an increase in pressure, fluid circulation is impeded in a direction of the duct elastic by means of a non-return valve, and circulation in the other direction is determined by the pressure it finds the pressure regulator set, when the force of the candle causes a fluid pressure greater than the regulator pressure is will establish a dynamic flow of the current. When he stops wind, the force on the duct is non-existent, therefore the Flexible conduit recovers its initial state.

The converter rotates in search of maximum strength of wind, this rotation is caused by a panel that works at weather vane mode The converter can be installed on land or offshore

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Aeromechanical Foundation

See figure 1, in which a sail (1) in vertical position profile view, which joins the mast (2) by means of cables or ropes (3), the surface (4) acts as a weather vane to orient the device in the direction of maximum wind By blowing the tense wind the candle that transmits the force that affects the fluid conduit on it, the which is located inside the mast.

Figure 2 is the device seen in a cable section A-A ', where (6) is the conduit flexible that carries the fluid, (3) is the traction cable, (2) It is the mast and (5) the rigid oppressor element. Deformation and consequently the decrease and increase of fluid pressure, is directly proportional to wind speed.

The mass flow (Fv) that crosses the candle comes determined by the following expression:

Fv = d * V * A (Kg / s)

where:

d = air density, approx 1.2 (kg / m3)

v = wind speed (m / s)

A = area of the candle (m2)

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The power (Pot) of the candle is calculated according to the following formula:

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(w)Pot = Fv * 0.5 * v2 = d * A * 0.5 * v3

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(w)

The height of the candle will generally be greater than its base, because the higher the candle, the greater the wind speed. This table shows the power obtained in function of wind speed and sail surface, no It is intended to be limiting of the scope of the invention.

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one

Hydraulic foundation

See figure 3, the scheme consists of a open tank (7) subjected to atmospheric pressure, which It contains a fluid, in this a tube that has a non-return valve (8), the other end of the tube joins a bladder (6) at whose outlet a pressure regulator (12) is connected by means of a tube to the turbine (13).

When Fv = 0 the bladder does not suffer deformation some, and the water contained in it cannot escape due to the non-return valve action.

When Fv \ Box 0, it causes a deformation in the bladder, decreasing its volume a little, which entails a increased pressure in the fluid, which has prevented its exit in both ends.

If Fv increases, the greater the deformation of the bladder, which will decrease its volume, as a consequence, the fluid opposes the reduction of its volume, increasing the pressure on the inside the bladder, until this pressure is higher than that of the regulator, at which time it will open and allow it to be established the dynamic flow of the current, the fluid flows through the tube that leads to the turbine, where the jet impacts the blades of it, causing the rotational movement, said movement is communicated by means of an axis to a rotary generator to produce the electricity.

The water after hitting the blades falls by gravity to the initial deposit forming a closed circuit.

In a differential moment of time, after opening the pressure regulator, the bladder will has partially emptied generating vacuum, therefore the fluid content in the tank that is at atmospheric pressure, go up the tube and overcome the resistance of the non-return valve proceeding to bladder filling.

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Industrial applications A) Electric and motor vehicle charging station of hydrogen combustion (figure 4)

See figure 5, when the wind does not blow (v = 0), no force is generated on the sail (1), but due to the weight of this and the cables (3) exert a small force, which is transmitted to the fluid by means of the rigid elements (5), trying warp the flexible conduit (6) against the mast (2), the fluid of the duct can not go down, because the exit to the tank (7) by a non-return valve (8), said pressure is communicated by all the fluid in the same magnitude, the conduit flexible (6) joins the duct of smaller section and rigid (10) by middle of the fitting (9), the rigid duct (10) has the characteristic that is located in the central axis of the radius of the mast (2), the guides (13) keep the duct (10) on the central axis and at the end of the duct there is a fitting (11) that allows the rotation of 360º, this is because the candle (1), is self-orientated, due to the weather vane (4) rotates the entire mast, which does not generate friction when fitted in the bearings (14), the ducts and elements already described also they rotate as a whole, for maximum air speed Sailing incident.

The element (12) no longer rotates next to the mast (2), being a static element, it is a closet where the filter, lubricator, pressure regulator, safety valve and other maintenance equipment of the hydraulic installation. For maintenance tasks there is a mechanism that makes it impossible rotational rotation

When the wind speed is zero the pressure generated by the weight of the candle is insufficient to open the pressure regulator and allow the passage of fluid to the turbine. But that small residual pressure is enough to maintain the pressurized circuit

When the wind speed is higher, it tension the cables and they pull the rigid elements (5) and press the flexible conduit (6) against the mast (2), by the low part the fluid is prevented from going out by the anti-return (8), but when I reach enough pressure to overcome the resistance of the pressure regulator (12) flows out of a jet nozzle that affects the Pelton turbine, which in turn moves the electric generator (13), both elements rest on the support (15), which has no rotation movement and is screwed to the foundations by its base, the center of said support (15) is tubular and the wiring that connects the generator with the batteries (16) and the fuel cell (17), the water already turbinated and without any energy falls by gravity to the deposit (7), establishing a closed circuit.

The selected generator is current continues since it is the only way to store energy electric in batteries (16), electric cars have the socket charging with single-phase or three-phase alternating current, but their batteries work with direct current, it would be convenient to add a DC power socket to avoid losses produced in inverters, rectifiers and other components electrical systems available to the car and the charging station (18).

As wind production is intermittent for this is necessary a storage system for when the wind It does not blow. Once the batteries are full, the fuel cell that dissociates water molecules in O2 and H2 through the use of electricity. These gases are separated from different deposits, when there is no wind and the batteries are discharged you can use the fuel cell which will form water + electricity molecules in the process of joining the O2 and H2. To perform such processes the battery (17) must have water supply, which receives it from the duct (19) that is submerged in deposit (/).

The electric motor is suitable for cars, but for tractors, trucks, ships, airplanes and other vehicles Heavy is not viable due to the high power required and the enormous weight of the batteries (the plane could not take off), however the H2 obtained from fuel cells if it can be used for this purpose. Since it can be used in previous thermal combustion engines previous modifications. Once the deposit of the central recharge a level sensor alerts a switchboard to Let a tank truck come to pick it up and market it. The O2 It can also be marketed for sanitary or industrial use.

The element (20) is a charging post for vehicles, which has exit from C.A. single phase and three phase, C.C. and take H2.

The (21) is the central access hatch so that the operator can perform maintenance tasks, the mast also has an internal staircase to climb up to higher.

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Advantages

- 90% of the installation is under land and 100% out of reach of motorists.

- This provision favors the realization of maintenance tasks

- Autonomous charging station, suitable for install it in areas where there is no power line, for example when foot of the roads.

- By not having blades, it does not generate noise or turbulence

- The huge candle can be used as a sign advertising and thus finance part of the installation.

- Mass production.

- Works from very low wind speeds up to very high speeds (having no blades does not generate the moments of inertia of wind turbines).

- It doesn't kill the birds.

- Capture 100% of the mass air flow.

- Very low wear and maintenance, due to the Non-existence of mechanical elements does not generate friction.

- Greater reliability.

- The candle can be transparent to reduce the environmental impact.

- Simple and economical.

- Easy integration into the urban environment and rural.

- Sails used in navigation hold up to more than 500 (Kg / m2) to traction, a wind of 42 (m / s) = 151 (Km / h), generates a traction of (184 kg / m2).

- Mount an analog recharge zone but with solar panels, the main drawback is the theft of these plates, due to the high value of these, it is also the energy Renewable more expensive.

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B) Obtaining fresh water by osmotic pressure

There are methods to desalinate water such as electrolysis, which turns out to be an excessively procedure expensive because they consume a lot of electricity. Desalination plants they need powerful pumps to generate osmotic pressure, and the Electric consumption of such machines is very large.

You can also make a well of many meters deep and build a water column whose pressure on the membrane filter is superior to osmotic, but pierce the land is expensive, and all the fresh water and brine that are in the well then you have to pump it outward, which means that much of the energy that we saved in pumping through the surface membrane, we spend it on removing the water from water well.

The present invention is based on the use of the aerohydraulic converter to obtain the osmotic pressure, which It turns out to be one of the stages that most expensive the procedure of water desalination, the foundation is the same as for the charger of electric cars, but with some modifications. Usually the areas of Spain that suffer most from the lack of water are located on the Mediterranean coast therefore they represent a Ideal location for this type of desalination plant, there are also to keep in mind that in the coastal areas it is where the windiest blows, which favors the installation of said installation, and if We also add that the aerohydraulic converter is shaped like a sail, would be perfectly integrated into the urban environment of the coastal cities, being silent and not having moving parts that may be in contact with pedestrians.

Certain steps have already been explained with previously, therefore I will proceed to explain without entering details.

In Figure 6, it can be seen that (22) is the underground pipeline that brings salt water from the sea, said pipeline connect in the filtering room (23) with the first filter, the water Salt traverses the filters to remove impurities, sands and Other waste When it reaches (24) the additives are added, the pipe empties into the bucket (25) by means of a fitting, said cuvette is located above the membrane filter (26), the conduit flexible (6) always stays in contact with the water in the bucket, and although it has a rotation movement with respect to the central axis from the mast (2) will travel the periphery of the semitoroid, at the entrance the non-return valve (8) is located in the flexible conduit.

When the wind blows, a flow is generated mass through the candle (1), which entails a force, said force is transmitted by the cables (3), which are tensioned and press the solid parts (5) against the flexible conduit, which is trapped with the mast (2), leaving as resource the deformation of this and proceeding to an increase in pressure until the pressure regulator (12) reaches the osmotic pressure that is located at the entrance of the membrane filter allow the passage of salt water flow into this, once the water begins to enter the membrane filter dynamic flow tends to suck the fluid in the duct, opening the valve non-return and allowing the new entry of seawater into the installation.

The aerohydraulic converter has a movement of rotation with respect to its center, caused by the incidence of wind in the panel (4) acting as a weather vane, the guides (13) they serve to center the rigid tube with respect to its axis of rotation. He fitting (11) delimits the rotational zone of the static zone and allows that the rigid tube has 360º turns without damage, the mast has some bearings at its base (14) to facilitate the turn.

At the exit of the omotic filter we have 45% of fresh water, which is poured by a pipe (15) that connects with The supply network is either intended for irrigation. The other membrane outlet connects with an underground pipe (16) that usually it takes about 55% brine, which is poured about how many meters inside the sea to dilute its discharge salt concentration

The installation base has a trapdoor (17) that allows maintenance personnel access to said installation there is also an access door (18) to the mast the which has a staircase inside.

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C) Aero hydroelectric farm

Constitution of a farm with converters aerohydraulics for the generation of alternating current, which is injected immediately to the network. To optimize performance the installation proceeds to the placement of a battery of 4 converters, who will share elements such as the generator, the pressure accumulator and feed tank.

To look for better performance of the installation proceeds to the installation of a linear alternator of alternating current (figure 7), this device is used in the wave energy to generate electricity with the oscillation of the waves, I think the losses are less if a system is used of more direct force transmission, like this one, the cylinder of double effect, has a bladder on each side of the stems, of this way we avoid friction and fluid losses, with solenoid valves for opening and closing the intake and escape.

The candle is capable of capturing practically 100% of the air flow that affects it, but suppose it is the 92%, the transmission by fluids is very smooth and barely lost of load, we assume that the transmitting medium from the candle to the generator has a yield of 90% and that the electric generator yields an average of 85%, obtaining a performance of the installation 70% approx.

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Aerohydroelectric versus wind turbine

- Silent, which allows its integration into The urban environment.

- It is not dangerous for pedestrians.

- Candles can be decorated with details Pretty: Picasso's paintings, landscape photos, transparent candles So it doesn't affect the landscape.

- It doesn't kill the birds.

- Can be used to recharge vehicles.

- May desalinate water.

- It will allow the exploitation of areas where up to Now they were not possible due to environmental factors.

- Economic reasons:

to)

Yield between 18% and 30% wind turbine, while aero hydroelectric between 50% and 85%

b)

Minor Maintenance expense is a simple and reliable system. They do not exist friction or wear, maintenance of the Operators are carried out at ground level, which lowers the workforce (not having to pay vertical work companies).

C)

Allow several candles to use the same generator and share tanks and pressure accumulators (figure 8), with the consequent savings.

d)

By not having a blade movement does not generate as many turbulence as possible make a more compact assembly, for the same power, you need less than half the space of the wind turbine.

and)

Obtaining advertising benefits on the candle

F)

It allows to generate electricity with very low wind speeds By not having to overcome the Inertia of rotor.

g)

It allows to generate electricity with very strong gusts of wind, the wind turbine reaches its power maximum environment at 12 (m / s).

h)

Lower installation costs, I don't know You need big cranes to fit the wind turbine in the tower and then mount the blades.

i)

Lower transport costs, the Largest piece is the mast and can be transported in sections, using a normal trailer as a means of transport. The transport of wind turbine blades with lengths greater than 60 meters and one piece requires the presence of vehicles special with the consequent cost.

j)

By not generate turbulence can be mounted close to each other, getting a saving in m 2.

k)

It allows the exploitation of areas that before you could not, for being characterized by having very strong winds or winds too low.

Claims (2)

1. Wind power transformer device in hydraulics, which contains: a sail, a mast, one or several ducts .... it is characterized by having a wind collection surface, understood as such: sail / s, panel / It is, or other element / s that work for that purpose, where the incidence of wind causes an effort that is transmitted by some means (cables, ropes ...), to one or more ducts, which they are generally flexible, the modification of the volume of the duct has as its origin the effort to which the wind pick-up surface is being subjected, when the duct is open the volume variation establishes a dynamic flow of the unidirectional current since in the other directions its circulation is impeded, if the duct is closed there is an increase in pressure due to the opposition of the fluid to vary its volume. The sail is attached to its mast / s and the mast is embedded in the ground, but does allow a rotational movement with respect to its central axis. The rotational movement of the mast can come from the wind because it has a flat surface like a vane to orient the aero-hydraulic device in the direction of maximum blowing. The section (s) of the duct / s pressed / s is generally located inside the mast / s and can be pressed by it or against it. 2. Desalination plants, refill centers of electric cars, power generation center / s electrical and other industrial procedures containing the aerohydraulic converter defined based on claim 1 as Main source of power supply.