ES2337638T3 - ARMAZONES FOR BUILDINGS WITH PROFILE IN SIGMA. - Google Patents

Abstract

A method of making a frame is described which includes a main beam (6) and a plurality of secondary beams (8). The ends of the secondary beams (8) are connected to the main beam (6) by means of transverse tongues (10) which are intergral with and made from the same material as the main beam (6). The tongues (10) are preferably stamped out and bent either before or after the main beam profile (6) is formed. The frame is particularly suitable for making floors or intermediate platforms or ceilings in buildings. <IMAGE>

Description

Frames for buildings with profile in sigma.

The present invention relates to elements elongated structural that can be assembled together to form a framework that can be used in building construction, for example for the construction of floors, intermediate platforms and ceilings, vertical walls including exterior walls, interiors and partitions or porches or coverings.

Technical background

Document DE 3 532 846 describes a structural element to build buildings, and also to build models, which includes a bar type frame that has a U profile, which is open at the top, as a profile of base and a U-profile, which is open at the bottom, such as upper profile and that also has pillars and struts that connect the base and upper profiles and have a C profile. base profiles and top profiles are configured so that can be connected together, and fixed, in each case in their ends by connectors for insertion of a plug for form an upper frame corresponding to the contour of the building. The base profiles and the top profiles are provided in each case with several supports for introduction of a pin corresponding to the number of pillars provided, stands that are maintained so that they can move and so fixed in the relevant base or higher profile and in which introduce the pillars at their free ends.

Document DE 806 388 describes a method for couple cross U profiles. In the soul of one of the profiles, tabs are provided, to which the second is attached profile by welding. Document FR 2 098 274 describes a framework comprising two U-profiles, in which the soul of the profile is provided with several tabs directed towards the inside the hollow of the U profile. Secondary profiles, provided in a direction substantially perpendicular to the U-profiles, extend in the hollow of the U-profile. Secondary profiles are couple the U-profiles by welding the outer ends of the Secondary profiles to the tabs.

A disadvantage of the known method of insertion of a member in the open space of a U profile member or in C and the use of bolts or screws to place the two together is that bolt heads or nuts are left on the outside of the frame. In addition, brackets and connecting parts are required specials that increase the number of parts, make the installation requires more time, since sometimes it is necessary try until you get the correct location of small pieces of connection while maintaining two or more structural elements in instead, there is a possibility of danger for people who work below if connectors or brackets are allowed to fall loose, and provide additional points where they can loosen bolts, resulting in connections that are loose and unreliable. Finally, the placement of bolts through the U-shaped profile wings are not very resistant mechanically.

It is the object of the present invention provide a framework particularly for buildings that avoids minus some of the disadvantages of known devices.

In particular, the present invention provides a frame that can be mounted on the site easily and reliably, which implies less parts, in particular less small parts than can fall easily, provides a clear surface for the frame members without interruption by bolt heads and is tough and stiff.

Summary of the invention

The present invention relates to a framework as claimed, which includes elongated structural elements with a longitudinal soul and at least two longitudinal wings that extend away from the soul at an angle, spreading the wings from the at least the same side of the soul and forming the soul and wings a longitudinal gap between the wings, and a plurality of tongues transverse separated along the soul and that extend from the soul in the hollow, the tabs being formed of a piece with, and of the same material as, the soul. Preferably, the tabs do not extend beyond the envelope of the wings and the soul that closes the gap. The plane of the transverse tabs It can be at right angles to the soul.

The frame comprises at least two first elongated structural elements, having each first element structural a longitudinal soul and at least two longitudinal wings that extend substantially at an angle from the soul, spreading the wings from at least the same side of the soul and the soul and wings forming a longitudinal gap between the wings; a plurality of transverse tabs separated along the soul and that extend from the soul in the hollow, being the tabs formed in one piece with, and of the same material as, the soul; and a plurality of second structural elements elongated having two ends, each end of the second being elongated structural element connected directly to one of the tabs of one of the first structural elements. Preferably, at least one of the external longitudinal edges of the second structural element is aligned with an edge longitudinal longitudinal of the first structural element. Where he frame has been connected together with nuts and bolts, can disassemble into its component parts.

The present invention will be described in continued in reference to the following drawings.

Detailed description of the drawings

Figures 1A to 1H show profiles Structural that can be used with the present invention.

Figure 2 schematically shows a first embodiment of the present invention.

Figures 3A and B show a preparation suitable end of secondary beams for use with the first realization.

Figure 4 schematically shows a second embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 5 shows a final preparation suitable for a secondary beam for use with the second realization.

Figure 6 shows a frame constructed of according to an embodiment of the present invention.

Figure 7 shows an arrangement of adequate transport of main beams.

Figure 8 is a section representation transverse of a main beam.

Description of the illustrative embodiments

The present invention will be described with respect to some embodiments and some drawings, but the invention does not It is limited by these, but only by the claims. The drawings are schematic.

Figure 1 shows some profiles Structural that can be used with the present invention. The figure  1A shows a profile in "H", figure B shows a profile in "C" composed of three of the so-called profiles in "Sigma", Figure 1C shows a very "C" profile simple in which wings 4 on both sides of soul 2 have the same length while figure 1D shows a profile in Simple "C" in which one wing 4A is larger than the other wing 4B. Figures 1E to 1H show cross-section profiles Additional structural elements that may be used herein invention. Figure 1E is often called a profile in "C-plus", Figure 1F is a profile in "C", figure 1G is a profile in "Sigma" and figure 1H It is a profile in "Sigma Plus".

All profiles in Figure 1 include a soul 2 and two wings 4 that extend away from soul 2 in a substantially right angle to the soul 2. The two wings 4 they extend away from soul 2 at least on one side of soul 2. As can be seen from Figure 1B and Figures 1G and 1H, it is not necessary that soul 2 be a completely flat soul but it can be wavy or hollowed out longitudinally or laterally in any suitable way including with holes. In addition, as can be seen from Figure 1B, Figure 1E, Figure 1H and Figure 1A wings 4 may also include shapes additional such as gaps or folds or joints or holes Longitudinal or lateral. The present invention also includes the use of "U" profiles that can be seen as a soul Curvilinear 2 with two wings 4 attached to it. In addition, this invention includes structural members with more than two wings (may consider that Figure 1A has four wings).

Figure 2 is a schematic representation of a first embodiment of the present invention. A structural element 6 (the main beam) has a profile similar to that described with respect to any of the profiles of Figure 1. This includes a soul 2 and at least two wings 4 extending away from the soul parallel to each other and at angles. substantially straight with respect to the soul 2 when referring to the plane on which the soul 2 rests as well as extending at right angles to the longitudinal axes of the element 6. The wings 4 extend away from the soul at least on one side of the soul 2 to form a longitudinal gap between them. The structural element 6 is preferably a cold rolled or cold drawn metal profile, particularly one made of steel that can be galvanized or painted or coated with any suitable corrosion protection such as plastic coatings and that includes combinations of galvanizing and painting. In a plurality of predetermined positions along the structural element 6, tongues 10 are formed in the core 2, for example by stamping and folding the core material to form each tongue 10. Therefore, the tongue 10 forms a single piece with the soul 2 and is made of the same material. The joint line between the tongue 10 and the soul 2 runs in the plane of the soul 2 and substantially perpendicular to the longitudinal direction of the structural element 6. This will be referred to, according to the present invention, as the provision of transverse tongues 10 in the soul 2.

Where the tongue has been folded from core 2, a hole 12 is left. Tab 10 bends toward the side of the soul 2 from which the wings 4 extend. Preferably, the soul material is such a ductile material. as steel that allows said bending without affecting significant to the mechanical properties of the tongue 10. By For example, steel with an elastic limit between 250 and 420 MPa is suitable. Preferably, the profile of the main beam 6 has at least one longitudinal flat section between the two wings 4 to from which the tabs 10 can easily be formed. They are particularly suitable profiles "C", "C-plus", "Sigma" and "Sigma-plus." As shown, the plane in the resting tongue 10 is perpendicular to the direction longitudinal of the structural element, but the present invention does not It is limited to this.

Preferably, the length of the tongue 10 it is not enough to extend beyond a line that joins the ends or extreme parts of the wings 4. This means that the tongue 10 rests inside the shell defined by soul 2 and the wings 4. After the formation of the tabs 10 the element structural 6 can be placed flat on a surface with the outer side of the soul 2 down on the substrate or wings 4 on the substrate and the tongue 10 will not touch, leave a mark or damage none of said substrates. In addition, the use of soul material of a main beam has the advantage that the tongue 10 has a thickness of material that provides mechanical strength considerable. In the formation of a framework such as a framework of wall, floor or ceiling, approximately 80% of the frame is made of lighter weight secondary beams joining two beams main 6 each other. The low percentage of main beams 6 means that these can be made from a flat strip which has a considerable thickness without increasing the overall weight of the frame significantly. The material used for a beam main 6 can be steel with a thickness between 3 and 4 mm while secondary joists can be thick material between 1.5 and 2 mm. The use of the soul 2 of the beams main 6 to form the tabs 10 is therefore better to form tabs or fixing tabs on the beams Secondary of smaller caliber.

The tabs 10 may be provided with circular or oval fixing holes 11 or devices similar fasteners that are preferably pre-drilled in the tongue 10 before stamping and folding it from the soul 2. The drilling and bending of the tongue 10 can be carried out in a flat sheet metal sheet before the rolling process in cold forming the structural element of profile 6 or tongue 10 which can be stamped on the soul 2 and folded after it has been formed the structure element of the profile 6.

To join a secondary beam 8 at angles straight to a main beam 6 as part of the construction of a rectangular frame, the secondary beam 8 bolts to the tongue 10. The secondary beam 8 has a profile in sigma or sigma +. Beam secondary 8 is prepared so that it can slide into the gap formed by soul 2 and wings 4 of the main beam 6. How to shown in figures 3A and 3B, this can be done by removing a portion of one of the wings 14 so that the secondary beam 8 is slide into the gap formed between the wings 4 and the beam 2 of the beam main 6. Two or more holes are provided suitable 16, which coincide with the holes 11 of the tongue 10 and which can be used to fix the secondary beam 8 to the beam Main 6 using bolts or rivets or the like. When the exact dimensions of the frame are known in advance, the preparation of the ends of the secondary beams 8 can be done in advance The ends of the secondary beam 8 they may have dimensions such that the face of the end of the secondary beam 8 butt with the inside of the soul 2. In this way, the tongue length 10 can be relatively short. When the secondary beam 8 is loaded in a parallel and transverse direction with respect to the soul 12 of the secondary beam 8, the bending moment caused by the spatial distance between the soul 2 of the beam main and center line of holes 11 is reduced to minimum. This reduces the torsional load on the main beam 6. Any attempt to turn the main beam 6 will be stopped by the face of the end of the secondary beam 8 in contact with the soul 2 and / or the outer edges of the secondary beam 6 in contact with one of the wings 4 of the main beam and that prevents rotation additional.

The final asymmetric beam preparation Secondary 8 as shown in Figures 3A and B allows a wing 14 (the upper one in the drawings) of the secondary beam 8 is aligned with the upper wing 4 of the main beam 6. This provides a flat surface, without bolt heads, on the that floor or floor panels can be laid or placed directly ceiling.

A second embodiment of the present invention It is shown schematically in Figures 4 and 5. The numbers of reference used in figures 4 and 5 that are equal to the numbers reference figures in figures 2 and 3 refer to them components. The main difference between the second embodiment and The first embodiment is shown in Figure 5 and is caused by the fact that the secondary beam 8 has the same width as the main beam 6. Both wings 14 of the secondary beam 8 are removed at a portion of the end to produce a tie flange with holes 16 for connection to tongue 10 through holes 11 of the main beam. The advantage of the second embodiment is that the secondary beam 8 is positioned symmetrically with respect to the main beam 6, while secondary beam 8 of the first embodiment is not positioned symmetrically with respect to the beam main 6. Therefore, both sides of a frame constructed of This way they are flat. A disadvantage of the second embodiment is that the tab at the end of the secondary beam 8 which is connected to the tongue 10 may be less rigid than the flange similar for connection to the tongue 10 of the first embodiment, because in the second embodiment both reinforcement wings are eliminated 14. For this reason, it is preferred that the member's own soul 12 secondary 8 according to the second embodiment have a three-dimensional reinforcement structure, so that the tab used for the connection of a tongue 10 it is held more rigidly than a simple flat sheet of metal. For this reason, in the Invention a profile such as a "Sigma" profile is used.

Some advantages of the present invention may understood from the previous description. First of all, put that the tabs 10 do not extend beyond the shell formed by wings 4 and soul 2 of structural element 6, the tongue 10 is not easily damaged during transport. Additionally, the structural elements 6 can be stacked together as shown in figure 7 embedded, allowing The minimum volume for transport. The tabs 10 can Decall longitudinally to prevent the tabs from two beams crash directly.

An additional advantage of the present invention is that there are no bolt heads or rivets that project from the core 2 of the main beam 6 on the side opposite the wings 4. This allows the frames 18 to be placed together as schematically shown in figure 6. Each frame 18 consists of two main beams 6 joined by transverse members 8 which are secondary beams and are connected to the beams main 6 by the tabs 10 as described with regarding the first and second embodiments. To provide alternative arrangements at the ends of the main beams 6, the holes 12 can be placed alternately in front and behind the tongue 10 in the longitudinal direction of the beam main 6. The end of a main beam 6 can be selected so that a hole 12 is removed when the main beam 6 is cut to a length leaving the tongue 10 firmly attached to the main part of soul 2 immediately at the end of the beam main 6. These frames 18 can be placed together without separation between the main members that run into 6, as shows schematically in the enlarged cross section of the beams 6 joining in the center of figure 6. In addition, the lack of bolt heads means that other coatings, panels or materials can be applied to the outer surface of the soul 2 without Altered by bolt heads.

The secondary beam 8 joins directly to the tab 10 which is a part of the main beam 6. Therefore, secondary beam 8 joins directly to main beam 6. No loose connection parts are used apart from bolts or rivets for form the frame 18 which reduces the number of parts, accelerates the installation and avoid having to carry or mount connectors structural that may be a danger to others or that may get lost or stolen or used in other jobs.

An additional advantage can be seen when use frame 18 horizontally as a floor stand and supports a load, for example up to 500 kg / m2. Charges on the secondary beams 8 are transferred to the beams main 6 by means of transverse tabs 10. When the frame 18 is used horizontally, transverse tabs 10 they extend horizontally in the hollow between the wings 4 with the tongue plane 10 being vertical. Force down on the tongue 10 by the secondary beam 8 is supported by all the width of the tongue 10 where it joins the soul 2. This design feature combined with the fact that the thickness of the soul 2 of the main beam is preferably greater than the thickness of the secondary soul 12 and that the distance of the bolts or rivets to soul 2 is small, it means that a frame 18 manufactured in accordance with the present invention has a higher ability to withstand a load, as an alternative can manufactured with a material of smaller caliber for maximum load Dadaist.

A suitable cross section profile of a main beam 6 is shown in figure 8. The width W of the soul 2 it can be typically 140 to 350 mm and the width B of the wing 4 can be typically 60 to 120 mm. The W / B ratio is preferably 2 or more, typically 2.5 to 5. When the soul material is steel, the thickness of the material is typically 1.5 to 4 mm. The width of the tongue 8 is typically 30% to 60% W. tongue length Y is typically less than 70% of W, per 30 to 70% W example. These dimensions specify a profile relatively thin for the main beam 6. Since the tongue 10 does not extend beyond the envelope of wings 4 and soul 2, the length of the tongue 10 is relatively short. How has it explained above, this reduces torsion on the beam main 6 when the frame 18 is horizontal and the loads verticals placed on the secondary beams 8 are transferred from the secondary beam 8 to the main beam 6. It is preferred that the profile of the main beam is a C or C + profile and the beam secondary have a profile in Sigma or Sigma +.

Although the present invention has been described with With respect to some embodiments and drawings, the present invention It is not limited to these, but includes modifications as you would know The subject matter expert.

The plane of the transverse tabs 10 has been described as extending at right angles to soul 2 in the gap between the wings 4, but the present invention is not limited to this. The plane of at least some of the transverse tabs 10 can be placed at a different angle. For example, the plane can be placed at 45º or 60º with respect to the soul 2. These tabs in angle 10 can be used to connect the secondary beams 8 in a 45º or 60º angle to the main beams 6, respectively while maintaining the secondary beam 8 and the main beam 6 In the same plane. This may provide a lock or shoring of the frame 18 as it introduces a structure triangular so that it is more rigid with respect to forces lateral. It is preferred that the angled tabs 10 be made of same material as soul 2 and only bend at an angle sharp, so that holes 11 can be accessed in the tabs 10 through the holes 12 in the soul 2. The holes 12 can be used for other purposes, for example for cable pipes, and other services that need to be introduced under the floor or on the roof of a building.

In addition, the invention has been described. mainly with respect to a main beam with only two wings on one side of the soul. The present invention also includes the use of more than two wings. For example, with a metal profile as shown in figure 1 A with an "H" profile, the tabs 10 they can be formed extending alternately in the hollow longitudinal between the wings on one side of the central soul and on the hollow between the wings on the other side of the central soul. With bliss main beam it is possible to connect secondary members so alternate on either side of the H, thus forming a framework with a central main beam of "H" profile and beams Secondary that extend from both sides of the profile beam in H in opposite directions.

The structural elements 6, 8 have been described as made of metal but can also be made of any suitable structural material, for example reinforced plastics with fiberglass or carbon fiber.

Claims (13)

1. A framework (18) comprising:

at least two main elongated structural elements (6), each having main structure element at least two first wings longitudinal (4) with a first longitudinal core (2) between them, extending the first longitudinal wings at angles substantially straight with respect to the first soul, extending the first longitudinal wings from at least the same side of the first soul and forming the first soul and wings a longitudinal hollow between the first longitudinal wings;

a plurality of transverse tabs (10) separated along each first soul and extending from the first soul in the hollow, being the wings formed of a piece with, and of the same material as, the first soul;

a plurality of secondary elongated structural elements (8) subjects between the two main elongated structural elements, having each secondary elongated structural element two ends, being each end of a secondary elongated structural element connected directly to one of the tabs of one of the corresponding structural elements, having the element secondary elongated structural at least two second wings longitudinal (14) with a second longitudinal core (12) between both, extending the second longitudinal wings from the same side and at right angles to the second soul;

said framework is characterized because

the element secondary elongation that has a profile in "Sigma" or "Sigma +";

a surface external, away from the second soul, at least one of the second longitudinal wings of the secondary elongated structural element that is aligned with an outer surface, away from the first soul of one of the first longitudinal wings correspondent;

A portion of the at least one of the second longitudinal wings of the plurality of the secondary elongated structural elements that is removed at the respective end of the elongated structural elements side to form tabs, extending each tab in the longitudinal gap of the first elongated structural element corresponding, the holes (16) being in the tabs aligned with holes (11) in the tabs to which they are connected to connect with a fixing device, and each tab including a reinforcing structure three-dimensional

2. The frame (18) according to the claim 1, wherein the tabs and tabs (10) are connected by rivets or bolts. 3. The frame (18) according to the claim 1 or 2, wherein an outer surface of each of the first two longitudinal wings is aligned with a respective outer surface of each of the second wings Longitudinal 4. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the reinforcing structure three-dimensional is formed by the soul of the structural element secondary profile elongation in Sigma (8). 5. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the first soul (2) has a longitudinal flat portion between the first longitudinal wings (4), and the transverse tabs (10) are manufactured from the flat portion 6. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the main structure element (6) has a profile in "H", in "C", in "C-plus", in "Sigma" or in "Sigma-plus." 7. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the transverse tabs (10) do not extend into the longitudinal gap beyond the envelope of the first longitudinal wings (4) and the first soul (2) that enclose the hole. 8. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the external surfaces of the Main structural element (6) are free of bolt heads or nuts or rivets. 9. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the extreme faces of the ends of the secondary structural elements (8) run into the interior of the first soul (2) of the structural elements main (6). 10. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, used as a frame to support a load in the construction of a floor, a wall, a portico or a tapacán of a building 11. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the structural elements main elongated (6) are elongated structural elements cold rolled or cold drawn. 12. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the structural elements main elongated (6) have a material thickness of between 3 mm and 4 mm 13. The frame (18) according to any previous claim, wherein the structural elements secondary elongates (8) have a material thickness of between 1.5 mm and 2 mm.