ES2331556A1 - Plantation unit for the cropping of helofit plants and plantation system that comprises the same. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents
Plantation unit for the cropping of helofit plants and plantation system that comprises the same. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) Download PDFInfo
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- ES2331556A1 ES2331556A1 ES200901122A ES200901122A ES2331556A1 ES 2331556 A1 ES2331556 A1 ES 2331556A1 ES 200901122 A ES200901122 A ES 200901122A ES 200901122 A ES200901122 A ES 200901122A ES 2331556 A1 ES2331556 A1 ES 2331556A1
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- plants
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- ballast
- planting unit
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- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000004576 sand Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 241000196324 Embryophyta Species 0.000 description 19
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004220 aggregation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 244000245420 ail Species 0.000 description 1
- 210000003484 anatomy Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000356 contaminant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010413 gardening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000004611 garlic Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002085 persistent effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010865 sewage Substances 0.000 description 1
- 241000894007 species Species 0.000 description 1
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000013311 vegetables Nutrition 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C02—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F—TREATMENT OF WATER, WASTE WATER, SEWAGE, OR SLUDGE
- C02F3/00—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage
- C02F3/32—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae
- C02F3/327—Biological treatment of water, waste water, or sewage characterised by the animals or plants used, e.g. algae characterised by animals and plants
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- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Biotechnology (AREA)
- Botany (AREA)
- Biodiversity & Conservation Biology (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
- Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
- Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Hydroponics (AREA)
- Purification Treatments By Anaerobic Or Anaerobic And Aerobic Bacteria Or Animals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Unidad de plantación para el cultivo de plantas helófitas y sistema de plantación que comprende la misma.Planting unit for plant cultivation Helophytes and planting system comprising it.
La presente invención se refiere a una unidad para cultivar y hacer crecer plantas helófitas (plantas anfibias), las cuales se desarrollan normalmente en charcas, lagunas, cauces de agua o humedales de poca profundidad, y a un sistema que comprende dicha unidad de plantación para obtener formaciones vegetales aisladas o continuas, que se sitúan sobre la superficie del humedal o a una profundidad deseada.The present invention relates to a unit to grow and grow helophyte plants (amphibious plants), which normally develop in ponds, lagoons, channels of water or shallow wetlands, and to a system that comprises said planting unit to obtain formations isolated or continuous vegetables, which are placed on the surface of the wetland or at a desired depth.
La unidad de plantación y el sistema que la comprende se incluyen en el campo de la tecnología medio ambiental, especialmente, en la jardinería y depuración de aguas residuales domésticas e industriales, muy especialmente, en la depuración de efluentes con contaminantes eliminables por mediación de plantas helófitas.The planting unit and the system that the understand are included in the field of environmental technology, especially in gardening and sewage treatment domestic and industrial, especially in the purification of effluents with removable contaminants through plant mediation helophytes
Bajo el término de helófitas se incluye a un conjunto de plantas perennes anfibias cuyos órganos persistentes están arraigados en el fondo de un humedal (canal, balsa o laguna), y cuyos tallos emergen y desarrollan hojas y flores en el medio aéreo. Suelen ocupar las áreas de transición entre el medio acuático y el terrestre. Un ejemplo característico de este tipo de plantas es la enea (cualquiera de las especies del género Thypha L.). Una característica de este tipo de plantas es su baja densidad debido a su anatomía especial, que contiene numerosos espacios aéreos (aerenquima) a través de los cuales se produce la conducción del oxígeno del aire hasta las raíces. Esta característica hace que el conjunto de las plantas tengan una densidad inferior a la unidad, lo que confiere a los ejemplares aislados la propiedad de flotar en el agua en posición horizontal.Under the term of helófitas a group of amphibious perennial plants is included whose persistent organs are rooted in the bottom of a wetland (channel, raft or lagoon), and whose stems emerge and develop leaves and flowers in the aerial means. They usually occupy the transition areas between the aquatic and terrestrial environments. A characteristic example of this type of plants is the enea (any of the species of the genus Thypha L.). A characteristic of this type of plants is its low density due to its special anatomy, which contains numerous airspaces (aerenchyme) through which the conduction of oxygen from the air to the roots occurs. This characteristic makes the whole of the plants have a density lower than the unit, which gives the isolated specimens the property of floating in the water horizontally.
Lograr el desarrollo de este tipo de plantas en posición vertical y la posibilidad de formar un tapiz continuo sobre un humedal o sobre superficies aisladas, es el objetivo de la presente invención.Achieve the development of these types of plants in vertical position and the possibility of forming a continuous tapestry on a wetland or on isolated surfaces, it is the objective of the present invention
Para ello, según un primer aspecto, se proporciona una unidad de plantación para que crezcan y se desarrollen plantas helófitas (plantas anfibias), en lagunas, humedales o cursos de agua.To do this, according to a first aspect, provides a planting unit for them to grow and be develop helófitas plants (amphibious plants), in lagoons, wetlands or water courses.
La unidad de plantación que aquí se describe comprende un contenedor o recipiente con una forma tubular, que se basa o realiza en un material sintético de baja densidad. El fin de dicho contenedor es albergar la parte basal de un plantón de helófita que forma parte de la unidad de plantación. El diámetro interior del contenedor o recipiente cilíndrico está entre 30 y 40 mm, su pared presenta un espesor de 1 cm y su longitud está entre 5 y 10 cm. De esta manera, se podrá alojar en dicho contenedor un plantón de helófita y, a través de su fondo abierto, se posibilitará que los rizomas y raíces de la planta crezcan.The planting unit described here it comprises a container or container with a tubular shape, which is based or performed on a low density synthetic material. The end of said container is to house the basal part of a seedling of Helophyte that is part of the planting unit. The diameter inside of the cylindrical container or container is between 30 and 40 mm, its wall has a thickness of 1 cm and its length is between 5 and 10 cm In this way, a container can be accommodated hellophyte seedling and, through its open bottom, it It will allow the rhizomes and roots of the plant to grow.
La unidad comprende también un lastre, cuyo peso se determina previamente en función de la fuerza de empuje que ejercerá el agua sobre la unidad y teniendo presente que dicho peso deberá ser inferior a la fuerza de empuje del agua, para mantener erguida a la planta, de forma vertical.The unit also includes a ballast, whose weight is previously determined based on the thrust force that will exert water on the unit and keeping in mind that said weight must be less than the force of water thrust, to maintain upright to the floor, vertically.
Preferiblemente, el lastre está constituido por arena gruesa o grava confinada en una malla de material plástico. Su función es contribuir a que el centro de gravedad del sistema se localice a una cierta distancia de la superficie del humedal y evitar el vuelco de la unidad de plantación.Preferably, the ballast is constituted by coarse sand or gravel confined in a mesh of plastic material. Its function is to contribute to the center of gravity of the system being locate at a certain distance from the surface of the wetland and avoid overturning the planting unit.
La unidad comprende además un elemento conector rígido que comprende un tramo en forma de V, por el cual se fija el lastre, un tramo intermedio recto y un tramo en forma de U invertida, cuyas ramas paralelas abrazan la pared del contenedor. Una de dichas ramas paralelas presenta en su parte extrema un doblez o subtramo oblicuo, con el fin de facilitar la inserción y fijación de la unidad de plantación en cualquier dispositivo o medio flotante.The unit further comprises a connector element. rigid comprising a V-shaped section, by which the ballast, a straight intermediate section and a U-shaped section inverted, whose parallel branches hug the container wall. One of said parallel branches has in its extreme part a oblique fold or sub-section, in order to facilitate insertion and planting unit fixation on any device or half floating.
Preferiblemente, el elemento conector consiste en un alambre de acero de una longitud de entre 20 y 30 cm, que tiene por objeto desplazar hacia abajo el centro de gravedad del sistema para evitar el vuelco de la unidad de plantación.Preferably, the connecting element consists on a steel wire between 20 and 30 cm long, which is intended to shift down the center of gravity of the system to prevent the planting unit from tipping over.
La unidad comprende además un pasador de acero que atraviesa diametralmente las paredes del contenedor por su parte más cercana a la base más próxima al lastre.The unit also comprises a steel pin which diametrically crosses the walls of the container by its part closest to the base closest to the ballast.
Por último, la unidad se caracteriza porque el plantón de la helófita queda sumergido parcialmente en posición vertical.Finally, the unit is characterized because the sapling of the helophyte is partially submerged in position vertical.
Según un segundo aspecto, se proporciona un sistema para cultivar plantas helófitas, el cual comprende por lo menos una unidad de plantación tal y como se ha descrito y definido antes y una malla flotante. Esta malla flotante se extiende sobre la superficie acuática (humedal o cauce a cubrir) y en ella se fijan las unidades de plantación, dando lugar, al cabo del tiempo, que se produzca un tapiz continuo de vegetación que se puede mantener sobre dicha superficie.According to a second aspect, a system for cultivating helophyte plants, which includes less a planting unit as described and defined before and a floating mesh. This floating mesh extends over the aquatic surface (wetland or channel to cover) and in it set the planting units, giving rise, after the time, that there is a continuous tapestry of vegetation that can be keep on said surface.
La unidad de plantación se fija a la malla a través del doblez que está situado en un extremo del elemento conector de la unidad. Este doblez facilita la inserción de la unidad en la malla flotante situada sobre la superficie acuática.The planting unit is fixed to the mesh a through the fold that is located at one end of the element unit connector. This fold facilitates the insertion of the unit in the floating mesh located on the surface aquatic
Figura 1. Representa una unidad de plantación descrita según la invención.Figure 1. Represents a planting unit described according to the invention.
Figura 2. Representa una malla de plástico sobre la superficie del agua del humedal y en la que se fijan cada una de las unidades de plantación.Figure 2. Represents a plastic mesh on the surface of the wetland water and on which each one is fixed of the plantation units.
Figura 3. Representa una sección de la unidad de plantación.Figure 3. Represents a section of the unit of plantation.
Figura 4. Se representan dos tipos de plantaciones de helófitas en el medio acuoso: una, en flotación sobre la superficie del humedal, y la otra, semisumergidas.Figure 4. Two types of helophyte plantations in the aqueous environment: one, floating on the surface of the wetland, and the other, semi-submerged.
Para formar plantaciones flotantes o semi-sumergidas de plantas anfibias (helófitas) en lagunas o cursos de agua, se parte de la siguiente unidad de plantación según se describe en la presente memoria.To form floating plantations or semi-submerged amphibious plants (helophytes) in lagoons or water courses, it is part of the following unit of planting as described herein.
Un contenedor (1) cilíndrico hueco, tal como un contenedor tubular de material sintético de baja densidad, en cuyo interior (6) se alojará el plantón de helófita (2), como muestran las figuras 1 y 3. En este ejemplo se emplea un tubo hueco de poliuretano con una longitud de 8 cm, un diámetro interior de 35 mm y 1 cm de espesor de pared, cuya parte inferior es atravesado transversalmente un pasador de acero (7), véase la figura 3, para que el plantón no salga del contenedor por deslizamiento.A hollow cylindrical container (1), such as a tubular container of low density synthetic material, in which inside (6) the helophyte seedling (2) will be housed, as shown Figures 1 and 3. In this example a hollow tube of polyurethane with a length of 8 cm, an inside diameter of 35 mm and 1 cm of wall thickness, whose lower part is crossed transversely a steel pin (7), see figure 3, for that the seedling does not leave the container by sliding.
Los plantones de helófita se producen sobre un sustrato vegetal inerte de baja densidad, donde desarrollan su sistema radicular en un cepellón compacto y de un diámetro no superior a los 35 mm del diámetro interior del tubo citado arriba.The helófita seedlings are produced on a low density inert plant substrate, where they develop their root system in a compact root ball with a diameter not greater than 35 mm of the inside diameter of the mentioned tube above.
A continuación, se realiza el lastre (4), con un peso inferior a la fuerza de empuje del agua, el cual se determina previamente. En este caso, se utiliza arena gruesa, la cual se enfunda en una malla plástica, por ejemplo, de polietileno, de las que se emplean para embolsar ajos o pequeños frutos secos.Then, the ballast (4) is performed, with a weight less than the pushing force of the water, which is determined previously. In this case, coarse sand is used, which is sheaths in a plastic mesh, for example, of polyethylene, of the which are used to bag garlic or small nuts.
Luego, el elemento conector (3) rígido, que se encargará de unir o conectar el contenedor (1) con el lastre (4). En este ejemplo, se emplea un alambre de acero de 2 mm de diámetro y 25 cm de largo. El tramo del alambre por el cual se fija el lastre (4), malla plástica con arena gruesa, tiene forma de V. Por otro lado, el tramo del alambre que se une al contenedor (1), tiene forma de U invertida, de forma que las ramas paralelas abrazan la pared del contenedor (1), al tiempo que una de dichas ramas finaliza en un doblez (8), según se ilustra en la figura 3.Then, the rigid connecting element (3), which It will be in charge of joining or connecting the container (1) with the ballast (4). In this example, a 2 mm diameter steel wire is used and 25 cm long. The section of the wire by which the ballast is fixed (4), plastic mesh with coarse sand, is V-shaped. On the other side, the section of the wire that joins the container (1), has U-shaped inverted, so that parallel branches embrace the container wall (1), while one of said branches It ends in a fold (8), as illustrated in Figure 3.
Así, una vez construida la unidad de plantación, y situada en el humedal, el plantón queda sumergido parcialmente en posición vertical.Thus, once the planting unit is built, and located in the wetland, the plant is partially submerged vertical position.
Para la realización del sistema de plantación, se procede a cubrir el humedal o cauce acuático con una malla flotante y, luego, cada unidad de plantación se fija a dicha malla a través del doblez situado en uno de los extremos del alambre de acero, según muestra la figura 2.For the realization of the planting system, the wetland or water channel is covered with a mesh floating and then each planting unit is fixed to said mesh through the bend located at one end of the wire of steel, as shown in figure 2.
Mediante esta realización se consigue que las plantas individuales se mantengan erguidas en el agua, con la parte basal sumergida y las hojas y tallos sobre la superficie, constituyendo un conjunto flotante individualizado.Through this embodiment it is achieved that the individual plants stand upright in the water, with the part submerged basal and leaves and stems on the surface, constituting an individualized floating set.
Como se aprecia en la figura 4, a partir de la agregación de diferentes unidades a distancias regulares, por ejemplo, entre 5 y 10 plantas por m^{2}, se desarrolla una plantación continua por el crecimiento lateral de nuevos brotes y rizomas que se entrelazan entre sí y con la malla, pudiendo llegar a constituir superficies vegetales que pueden ocupar superficies continuas del humedal o superficies aisladas, del tamaño deseado.As can be seen in figure 4, from the aggregation of different units at regular distances, by For example, between 5 and 10 plants per m2, a continuous planting by the lateral growth of new shoots and rhizomes that are intertwined with each other and with the mesh, being able to reach to constitute plant surfaces that can occupy surfaces continuous wetland or insulated surfaces, the size wanted.
De esta manera, se logra formar plantaciones (9) que se mantienen sobre la superficie acuática o plantaciones que se sumergen (10) hasta la profundidad deseada, mediante el uso de lastres con el peso adecuado para dicha profundidad a base de material inerte del tipo grava o similar.In this way, plantations can be formed (9) that are maintained on the aquatic surface or plantations that are submerge (10) to the desired depth, by using ballasts with the appropriate weight for said depth based on inert material of the gravel or similar type.
Claims (4)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200901122A ES2331556B2 (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2009-04-29 | PLANTATION UNIT FOR THE CROP OF HELOPHIT PLANTS AND PLANTATION SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES THE SAME. |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200901122A ES2331556B2 (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2009-04-29 | PLANTATION UNIT FOR THE CROP OF HELOPHIT PLANTS AND PLANTATION SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES THE SAME. |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| ES2331556A1 true ES2331556A1 (en) | 2010-01-07 |
| ES2331556B2 ES2331556B2 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
Family
ID=41449705
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| ES200901122A Active ES2331556B2 (en) | 2009-04-29 | 2009-04-29 | PLANTATION UNIT FOR THE CROP OF HELOPHIT PLANTS AND PLANTATION SYSTEM THAT INCLUDES THE SAME. |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| ES (1) | ES2331556B2 (en) |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014170514A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | Floating device for helophyte plants |
| WO2018134459A1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-26 | Asociación Ria | System and method for implanting, extracting and/or operating phytoremediation plant filters for wastewater |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN107352751B (en) * | 2017-08-22 | 2020-05-26 | 武汉理工大学 | Three-dimensional combined type ecological floating island system based on river channel shipping |
Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63209795A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-08-31 | Hiroshi Igarashi | Device for cleaning water in lakes, ponds and the like |
| EP0463057A1 (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1992-01-02 | Lemna Corp | Floating aquatic plant water treatment system. |
| JPH0929283A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-02-04 | Takushin:Kk | Water purifying device using aquatic plant |
| US5766474A (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1998-06-16 | Landmark Reclamation, Inc. | Biomass impoundment management system for purifying water |
| ES2120388A1 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-16 | Univ Madrid Politecnica | Process for purification of waste waters and contaminant spills based on the use of cultivated emergent macrophytes converted into floating cultures |
| ES2251286A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-04-16 | Consejo Sup. Investig. Cientificas | System for purifying urban and rural wastewater for human consumption and for obtaining biomass used as feed comprises green macroalgae, which is able to absorb heavy metals and recycled nutrients |
-
2009
- 2009-04-29 ES ES200901122A patent/ES2331556B2/en active Active
Patent Citations (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| JPS63209795A (en) * | 1987-02-25 | 1988-08-31 | Hiroshi Igarashi | Device for cleaning water in lakes, ponds and the like |
| EP0463057A1 (en) * | 1989-03-17 | 1992-01-02 | Lemna Corp | Floating aquatic plant water treatment system. |
| US5766474A (en) * | 1995-02-15 | 1998-06-16 | Landmark Reclamation, Inc. | Biomass impoundment management system for purifying water |
| JPH0929283A (en) * | 1995-07-24 | 1997-02-04 | Takushin:Kk | Water purifying device using aquatic plant |
| ES2120388A1 (en) * | 1997-04-04 | 1998-10-16 | Univ Madrid Politecnica | Process for purification of waste waters and contaminant spills based on the use of cultivated emergent macrophytes converted into floating cultures |
| ES2251286A1 (en) * | 2004-01-30 | 2006-04-16 | Consejo Sup. Investig. Cientificas | System for purifying urban and rural wastewater for human consumption and for obtaining biomass used as feed comprises green macroalgae, which is able to absorb heavy metals and recycled nutrients |
Non-Patent Citations (2)
| Title |
|---|
| INFORME LAYMAN. Nuevos filtros verdes con Macrofitas en flotación "{}Macrophytes"{} Fecha de redacción del informe 15 noviembre 2005 (recuperado 15.12.2009). Recuperado de Internet: http://web.archive.org/web/20071216173910/www.macrophytes.info/ * |
| INFORME LAYMAN. Nuevos filtros verdes con Macrofitas en flotación "Macrophytes" Fecha de redacción del informe 15 noviembre 2005 (recuperado 15.12.2009). Recuperado de Internet: http://web.archive.org/web/20071216173910/www.macrophytes.info/ * |
Cited By (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2014170514A1 (en) * | 2013-04-18 | 2014-10-23 | Universidad Politécnica de Madrid | Floating device for helophyte plants |
| WO2018134459A1 (en) * | 2017-01-17 | 2018-07-26 | Asociación Ria | System and method for implanting, extracting and/or operating phytoremediation plant filters for wastewater |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| ES2331556B2 (en) | 2010-10-14 |
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