ES2325854B1 - RECYCLING PROCEDURE OF SUBPRODUCTS THROUGH RECONSTITUTION OF USEFUL FATS IN ANIMAL FEEDING. - Google Patents

Abstract

By-product recycling procedure by reconstitution of fats useful in animal feed.

The invention describes acid recycling free fatty acids and / or oleins as residual by-products from the refining of vegetable and / or animal fats. its reaction with glycerin or glycerol, optionally residual, at its once, from biodiesel production processes, it gives origin to its reconstitution in triglycerides or fats with the same or similar fatty acid contents to vegetable fats and / or animals that are part of the refining procedure that gives place to residual fatty acids. Fats like that reconstituted, obtained by reconversion of fatty acids and / or of the residual oleins are used in animal feed, with similar energy yields to natural fats.

Description

By-product recycling procedure by reconstitution of fats useful in animal feed.

Field of the invention

The invention is attached to the technical sector of the recycling of by-products and their conversion into useful elements. Recycled waste is by-products, on the one hand, from the refining of fats and / or vegetable and / or animal oils, in the form of fatty acids and oleins. Other necessary byproduct to carry out the process of the invention is glycerin or residual glycerol from biodiesel production. In specific utility elements that are achieved after the Recycling procedure of these wastes are greasy reconstituted, useful as ingredients of compositions nutritious or feed, in the breeding of livestock and livestock poultry farming.

Description of the state of the art

Fat formation is known from the esterification of glycerol or glycerin with free fatty acids. This process usually starts with purified reagents. That is to say, both fatty acids and glycerin itself have levels high purity, which make them expensive. It is, among others, for that reason, why the fats thus obtained are not profitable in animal feeding.

However, no process of fat reconstitution from industrial by-products with lower levels of purity, as are fatty acids residuals from fat refining processes vegetables and / or animals, nor the residual glycerin itself that It is formed in biodiesel production procedures.

The disposal of this waste is complex technically and expensive, given its low solubility in water and in other liquid waste of an aqueous nature. That is why that it is necessary to find an effective recycling method for same.

The feed industry currently uses edible vegetable oil refining oleins, such as soybean oil, sunflower, rapeseed, olive, etc., as nutrients Additives for animal feed. However the value energy of these oleins compared to fats reconstituted according to the present invention, it is very limited. He low cost of this waste, together with the savings created with its recycled according to the process of the invention, allow a cost savings such that, the use of reconstituted fats according to the patented process, in animal feed, turns out to be fully effective from a purely functional point of view, with the addition of being absolutely profitable in terms economical

Fats have a number of advantages, both nutritional and not strictly nutritional, which make convenient inclusion in feed. Among the not strictly Nutritional found: control the formation of dust and improve palatability, consumption, structure and appearance of feed and also lubricate the machinery which allows to improve its performance and its useful life. From a point of view Nutritional, fats have advantages such as: they allow increase the energy concentration of feed, reduce caloric stress and, due to its lower heat increase, improve energy efficiency per kcal of metabolizable energy.

The key criteria for assessing a fatty matter It is its net energy content. This value depends fundamentally of its raw energy content and its intestinal digestibility, which depends primarily on your solubilization and micelle formation capacity in the intestine. Due to the peculiarities of the digestive system of the ruminants (in which supplemental fat affects the rumen microorganisms, which hydrogenate and saturate acids fat released in the rumen by hydrolysis of triglycerides), fat absorption is different in your case than in the case of monogastrics, so the assessment of the usefulness of a same fat for animal feed will be different as you go to apply for feeding ruminants or monogastrics.

In addition to the net energy content, others important criteria when considering the inclusion of a fat in a feed are its availability and price relative to other energy sources. Serving these criteria, there is a growing interest in the use in animal feed of fat obtained by the fat processing from natural sources. For his lower price, among them the by-products of various industries whose raw material is fat and, in particular, oleins (residues of edible fat refining), lecithins, fat fats, distillates from the  glycerol industry and distillates from the refining of fat

Summary Description of the Invention

The invention describes acid recycling free fatty acids and oleins as residual by-products from of the refining of vegetable and / or animal fats. His reaction with the glycerin or residual glycerol optionally from, in turn, from Biodiesel production processes, gives rise to its reconstitution in triglycerides with the same or similar contents in fatty acids of vegetable and / or animal fats or oils of those that were split in the refining procedure, which gives rise to residual fatty acids So if we take residual fatty acids of palm oil we will obtain mono, di and triglycerides from it oil the same as if we start from olive fatty acids, sunflower, rapeseed, coconut, etc ... we will reach polyglycerides similar to those of origin by reacting said fatty acids with the amount stoichiometrically necessary glycerol or with amounts slightly superiors thereof, following the process of the invention, described here. The result will be a reconstituted fat with same or similar characteristics as fatty acids or oleins from which we started, with the same melting point of origin, or with Very small differences, if any. The final acidity (in mgKOH / g fat) varies between 3 and 20, depending on the oleins or fatty acids of heading, preferably 3-15 (<5 for oil of raw palm, for example) and the treatment in terms of temperature and time, to which they are subjected. This acidity may be corrected by adding a small amount of a base, preferably calcium, optionally proceeding to a filtration, to achieve the separation of the soaps formed.

Detailed description of the invention

The present invention describes a process production of vegetable or animal fats, from acids free fatty acids or residual oleins from processes of fat refining. The residual free fatty acids are they will convert into fats of the same starting fatty acids, it is say palm oil refining will come out fatty acids residual palm oil that will be recycled reconstituting the palm oil, from an olein of residual fatty acids coming from the sunflower refining we will get a sunflower oil and so on, with other fatty acids or oleins without pre-mix to obtain mixed fats, although the invention also contemplate the previous mixture in which case the result would give the same proportion of fatty acids in fat, as the proportion of the same starting.

Olein is the mixture of acids free fatty acids, triglycerides, water and impurities resulting from fat refining process. In oleins, although the component Majority is free fatty acid, the percentage of triglycerides It is important (over 30%). On the contrary, in acids free fatty acids, the free fatty acid component is markedly majority, compared to a marginal triglyceride composition of the 0 to 3%.

Within the preferred fatty acids used as by-products to carry out this invention found: PFAD palm oil fatty acids (Palm Fatty Acid Destilled), coconut oil, coprah, oil olive, sunflower oil oleins, soybean oil oleins, rapeseed oil oleins and tallow refining oleins, Butters, etc ...

The fatty acids that most commonly form part of the fats and oils to be recycled here invention are long chain fatty acids such as oleic, stearic, palmitic, myristic, lauric, linoleic and linolenic. Fatty acids with shorter chains like butyric also appear, Capric, caprylic and caproic.

The free fatty acid content of these by-products varies between 45% and 98% being the rest of the byproduct, triglycerides of the corresponding fat.

For example, palm fatty acids have an approximate composition of:

97% free fatty acids.

1% triglycerides plus water.

2% impurities

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The oleins of other vegetable oils have approximately:

Between 55 and 65% of free fatty acids.

Between 30 and 45% triglycerides.

Between 5 and 15% of water and impurities.

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These by-products have an energy value for the feeding of monogastric animals, proportionally decreased, that is to say smaller the higher the percentage of acids fatty free.

The described invention consists in revaluing these byproducts turning them into full fats (triglycerides) reconstituted without varying its acid composition Original fatty.

Such residual fatty acids are made react under specific conditions, with glycerol or glycerin commercial or residual, from, in turn, processes of Biodiesel production These by-products can be received concentrated and purified. If you do not appear purified it is preferable carry out a debug prior to its addition to the reaction. In any case, they can also be used without debugging, provided they have a percentage of water and impurities not higher at 20%

All this is achieved with the reaction of the fatty acids or oleins with the stoichiometric amount of glycerol or slightly higher amounts thereof, of the order of 3-15% The resulting products have been tested in comparison with origin fats giving nutrition results Similar to the originals.

The reaction of fatty acids with glycerol is performs in reactors with adequate agitation and at a temperature between 140º and 200ºC, during a time that oscillates between 1 and 48 hours being able to apply lower temperature and using more time or more temperature and less time, depending on the melting points of fatty acids or oleins. For example, the melting point of PFAD ranges between 40-42 ° C. The middle range of 150º and 48 hours could be established for melting points of 40º to 42nd.

A preferred embodiment of the invention is to use a temperature between 170 ° and 190 ° C, for 4 at 6 hours, with vacuum application (10-25, preferably 16 mmHg) and using as catalysts of the reaction, zeolites and / or diatomaceous earth, in concentrations of each catalyst up to 5%. The reaction occurs with stirring (350-1000 rpm), preferably at 600 rpm. The catalysts used can be found in the sepiolites of Manufacturers, for example: Tolsa, Sepiolsa, Zeocat, Foret, etc .... One of the preferred zeolites used is NaY, but natural zeolite can also be used.

The optimal procedure is the automatic one, the preferred heating is heating with thermal oil, the addition of glycerol and filling the reactor with the raw material It will be preferably automatic. Between fatty acids or oleins that can be used are all used in food human or animal, agricultural or animal such as palm, coconut, palm kernel, soy, sunflower, rapeseed, corn, olive, flaxseed, butter, tallow, etc

At the end of the process a cooling the reaction mass to proceed to its storage and transport The cooling time will be proportional to the melting temperature of the source fat. He cooling step is carried out with a heat exchanger to harness the energy that dissipates in it, this can be carried out in exchange of the hot product with that of melting temperature slightly higher depending on the defusion of Starting fatty acids.

The fats thus reconstituted, obtained by Conversion of residual fatty acids are used in animal feeding. For this and that are commercially attractive it is necessary to reduce its residual acidity since this could mean customer rejection or a sharp reduction in its price. In the The present invention has resolved the elimination of said acidity by a process with calcium hydroxide, if necessary.

Different examples are shown below. non-limiting of the present invention, in which they are shown, in Tables form, the effects of fat addition reconstituted, namely reconstituted palm fat in comparison with natural fats, on the diet of, in Concrete for the example, chickens.

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Example 1 Level effect and the source of fat added to the diet on chicken productivity from 1 to 21 days old

one

Example 2 Effect of the type of fat added to the diet on the chicken productivity, 1 to 21 days old

2

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Example 3 I think energy value

3

GMD: Daily Average Weight Gain

CMD: Average Daily Consumption

CI: Growth Index

EB: Gross Energy

AME: Apparently Metabolizable Energy

Example 4 Synthesis of the reconstituted fat glycerol monoleate in presence of a zeolite catalyst

4

The binder or binder used is a material inert clay

The zeolite used is NaY

The acid used in the reaction is oleic and Alcohol is glycerol (propane triol)

The stirring speed at which the reaction It takes place is 600 rpm.

The water that is formed during the process of esterification is removed continuously.

Of the examples given, especially from the comparisons with the raw palm, in the same concentration notes that the differences in productivity and value energy between reconstituted fat and nature, are virtually negligible. Moreover, it is also observed that both parameters, productivity and energy value of feed, increase to as we increase the concentration of reconstituted fat, within the test values.

Claims (20)

1. Process for recycling of residual fatty acids or fat olein by reconstituting characterized by reacting said fatty acids or residual olein with glycerol in an amount at least stoichiometric and at a temperature above 100 ° C, for a time not exceeding the 96 hours 2. Method according to claim 1 characterized in that the glycerol is added in an amount between 3-15% higher than the stoichiometric. 3. Method according to any of claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the glycerol added to the reaction is also of residual origin. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the fatty acids or residual oleins used in the reaction are preferably derived from the fat refining. 5. Process according to any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the residual glycerol added in the reaction is preferably derived from the biodiesel production industry. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the residual fatty acids used in the reaction are of vegetable origin. 7. Method according to claim 6 characterized in that the fatty acids are selected from residual fatty acids from the refining of: palm oil, coconut oil, coprah, olive oil, sunflower oil oleins, soybean oil oleins, oleins of rapeseed oil. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the residual free fatty acids from the refining of palm oil are reacted with glycerol at a temperature of 170 ° -200 ° C for 5-12 hours. 9. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 5 characterized in that the residual fatty acids used in the reaction are of animal origin. 10. Method according to claim 9 characterized in that the fatty acids are selected from residual fatty acids from the sebum or butter refining. Method according to any one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that the acidity of the reconstituted fat obtained can be reduced, if necessary, by the addition of calcium hydroxide to the reaction medium, after the formation of the fat. 12. Method according to any of claims 1 to 11 characterized in that the reaction occurs in the presence of vacuum. 13. Method according to any of claims 1 to 12 characterized in that the reaction occurs in the presence of catalysts in a concentration up to 5%, preferably zeolites and / or diatomaceous earths. 14. Reconstituted fats based on acids free fatty acids and / or residual oleins and glycerol, which have reduced acidity when partially saponified with calcium hydroxide 15. Reconstituted fats according to claim 14 from the refining of fats, oils or oleins, vegetables and / or animals. 16. Reconstituted fats according to any of claims 14 or 15 wherein optionally glycerol which constitutes them, also has its origin as a byproduct of the Biodiesel production 17. Use of the reconstituted fats of claims 14 to 16 in animal feed. 18. Use according to claim 17 in feeding of monogastric animals. 19. Use according to claim 18 in Piglet piglet feeding. 20. Use according to claim 17 in bird feeding, preferably when feeding chickens