ES2319605A1 - Forged prefabricated self-supported plate nervada and bovedillas available between those plates. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Forged for the building constituted by alternating self-supporting plates with polystyrene vaults placed between said plates, where the plates are formed by a low slab of small thickness and 2 thin vertical nerves of wide head and forming in the center of the plate a receptacle that is will then fill the concrete of the construction compression layer. Laterally the lower slab flies to receive the loose support of the vaults, which will be flush with the plates inferiorly as well as fitted and immobilized between the two sides of the nerves of the two adjacent plates. An upper mesh and a layer of compression of continuous concrete of work of small thickness and covering above each plate, finish off the floor joint with the plates. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Precast self-supporting plate slab veined and vaults arranged between said plates.

Object of the invention

The present invention has as its object a building slab consisting of self-supporting plates and vaults placed between said plates.

It is the objective of the present invention to achieve a self-supporting unidirectional slab much cheaper than traditional prefabricated slabs by having less indirect costs and manufacturing labor, which eliminates all beams parallel to the slab, and that in the same way as occurs with prefabricated plates of continuous type it is not necessary the complete formwork of the plant, but only the placement of safety nets under the slab to pick up the worker in case of accidental fall through the gap between two consecutive concrete plates at the time of assembly.

Background of the invention

The self-supporting slabs used today in the construction of buildings can be classified by the type of prefabricated plates they use; this way we have those constituted by prestressed alveolar plates US4330242; or by semilosas ribbed superiorly with vaults between their nerves P200001219 or U200100702; or by semilosas ribbed inferiorly with vaults between its nerves P9901969; or by "pi" type plates without vaults P9700216; or by stiffened reinforced concrete slabs with metal lattices and vaults arranged between said lattices on the slab P9301961 or U9202679 or U9203350; or by hybrid plates of vertical concrete and polystyrene ribs between said ribs forming a single piece P9801814 or P200101701. All these plates may be covered in concrete work materializing the slab.

Posed problem

There is an invention patent ES2217894 (P200100774) by this same author, which consists of a slab of joists constituted by a lower concrete slab with two vertical nerves of thickened heads and polystyrene block or cover inside the cavity formed between the nerves, in addition the slab of the joist flies laterally to support the polystyrene vaults that will alternate with the joists leaving gaps between the flights of the joists of 30 to 35 cm, smaller than the width of a person's body, incorporating layer superior compression and mesh work.

This invention presents the following problems :

1st.-

Higher manufacturing and construction costs of the slab, than those of traditional slabs, since the joists are wider than normal joists, and the elements to be placed on site are twice as many as in the traditional case, having the joists so close to each other so that there are no gaps greater than 30 or 35 cm (width of a person's body), so the cost per square meter of floor is expensive compared to traditional joists and vaults. As in the joist and vault slabs we have to use a different resistant element for the slab , and a different element for the edge beams and stairwells.

2nd.-

In order not to make the floor more expensive, the central gaps between the ribs of each joist are not filled , because by flush effort ( longitudinal shear stress of the joint between the work concrete and the precast concrete ) in said slab ES2217894 no it is necessary to have a lot of contact surface between concrete.

3.-

Due to lack of flush effort, and because it was not invented for this purpose, it is not able to act as a beam edge of the slab, to join the joists facing the joist, form porches resistant to the horizontal actions of the building such as The wind and the earthquake.

4th.-

Due to lack of flush effort, and because its inventor did not propose it that way, it is not able to act as an edge beam to support the weight of the facade enclosure.

5th.-

Due to lack of flush effort, it is not able to act as a lateral beam in the stairwell to receive the support of the transverse beam of the ladder on which the slab of said ladder rests.

6º.-

Due to lack of flush effort it could not be arranged with greater separation between joist edges.

7º.-

The thickness of the sole of the joists is small because they are precisely joists, an element of secondary structural importance; This thickness is usually just enough to support the weight of the vaults and a person stepping on these vaults, otherwise the joist would weigh too much.

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Description of the invention.- solution

The new invention presents the solution to all these problems as follows:

a.- We considerably increase the size of the ES2217894 joists that become their size in slabs themselves, with more uses, and cease to be joists as claimed by the inventor in ES2217894. In this way we reduce by half the number of elements to be placed on site to cover the same floor width. In this way the same prefabricated element will serve as a joist element for the slab and as a beam element for the edge or the stairwell. Therefore it is reduced to a single resistant element that can be used as an edge rib inside, or as a resistant beam at the edges of the floor, which was not the case with ES2217894. This, as expected, represents a great cost saving for the works, not only by eliminating a large part of the beams of a work and its formwork, but also because it simplifies and reduces the prefabrication by having a single element to solve the floor slabs and beams. edge.

b.- The same resistant plate element can be used to form porches with the pillars facing said plate and resist horizontal actions such as wind and earthquake , with horizontal deformations at the head of the building equal to those of traditional beams. It also serves to support the weight of the façade enclosures or the transverse beam of the staircase , and in general to eliminate any beam parallel to the slab, leaving the structure to be enclosed in situ reduced to the load beams of the slab only. This supposes a great saving of steel when replacing the corrugated in situ of the beams of edge by the prestressing of the prefabricated plate, in addition to saving concrete and formwork in work of said edge beams; All this did not have ES2217894.

c.- Separation between edges twice as far as in ES2217894, so that a person's body could now fall between these edges in the event of breakage due to the manufacturing of a vault. This is only feasible in the new system because the safety nets that are currently being demanded are used to mount all types of slabs, whether prefabricated or in situ with formwork boards, since during assembly there are unprotected edges by where the worker could fall while placing the plates or boards. The system therefore takes advantage of this recent security requirement to continue with the networks placed subsequently to the concreting and which serve to pick up a worker in the event of a future fall in the event of a broken vault by default. In addition, since the system is self-supporting, the networks are whole from side to side and not 1 m wide, as is the case with in situ slabs.

d.- Unlike ES2217894 , the gap between the two ribs of each plate is now filled in to increase the flush effort, only then can we separate (double) the prefabricated plates with respect to the joists of ES2217894; Only with this important increase in the flush effort can it also be used as the edge of the structure.

e.- By having a housing or receptacle larger than in ES2217894, on- site reinforcements of shear stirrups or longitudinal steels can be placed on the bottom of the receptacle to increase the positive bending moment that resists the plate, in case of example of using the same type of plate assembly for forging ribs as for edge beam. These reinforcements so large it was not possible to place them on the ES2217894 joists because there was no physical space for it nor was it provided that the central receptacle between ribs would be filled with concrete work. In addition, the hole also serves to accommodate the connection reinforcement in the supports, whether they are of a direct or indirect type, which could not be done with ES2217894 since the receptacle was not planned to be solidified.

f.- On the other hand, having sole thicknesses greater than in ES2217894, flights and prefabricated balconies or " in situ " can be supported on the outer wing so that said sole will flexotraction the negative bending moment on said wing, that did not occur or claimed with ES2217894.

Apart from all the above, as a solution to the problems posed by ES2217894, the new floor system has a new set of advantages . Thus, for example, in the case of using a vault edge much greater than the height of the prefabricated rib of the plate, a wooden wall can be placed supported on the outer lower wing and secured or fixed to the upper work mesh, so that In this way, it is possible to realize a wall that contains the concrete of the compression layer on the vertical of the nerve, all as we see without the need for struts or formwork of traditional beams.

To further favor the flush effort, although it is not essential for the invention, the vaults can be chamfered in their upper edges so that the concrete of construction penetrates and embraces the nerves on both sides, further increasing the last flush.

On the other hand, within the type of lower slab plate and vertical ribs of the type P200001219 or U200100702, the typical thickness of 4 cm of the lower sole and with widths also typical of 120 cm, forced to use a transverse stiffening mesh so that These plates will not break during handling and transport. This problem does not have the new plates proposed here 6 cm thick sole and half width (60 cm) than the aforementioned ribbed plates, avoiding the mesh , which is another advantage of cost savings.

By having width half that of a conventional plate, the tower cranes of up to 1200 kg in tip can elevate them one by one without any problem if necessary, although normally they will be handled 2 in 2 with a total width of 120 cm. Only when they reach the formwork will the two pieces 60 cm be separated between their edges.

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By supporting the facade enclosure on the lower outer wing of the plate, it allows the placement of thermal insulation between the outer rib and the enclosure, greatly reducing the thermal bridge that represents the edges of the slabs.

Due to the distribution of the concrete in the plates, whose center of gravity almost coincides with that of the prestressing, these plates do not have any counterflight , being very different in behavior to the alveolar plates or double "T" joists of large counterflight.

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Description of the drawings

To complement the description that then it will be done and in order to help a better understanding of its characteristics, is accompanied by this descriptive memory, of a set of drawings in whose figures, of illustrative and non-limiting, the details are represented significant of the invention.

Figure 1. Shows a section of the floor mounted already in work.

Figure 2. Shows the resistant end section of the floor with double "T" shaped ribs.

Figure 3. Shows the prefabricated plate in isolation

Figure 4. Shows the vault of polystyrene.

Figure 5. It shows the same type of anterior slab in the assembly phase, but with the highest vaults and with greater head in the ribs of the plates. It also shows possible reinforcements " in situ ".

Figure 6. Shows how the facade enclosure rests on the lower wing of the edge plate.

Figure 7. Shows how it would be manufactured on the track  prestressed a conventional ribbed plate, and the plates new.

Figure 8. It shows how the slabs of both slabs are finally placed on site, graphically appreciating the expansion that the new slab entails.

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Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

In view of the aforementioned figures, describes below a preferred embodiment of the invention as well as the explanation of the drawings.

The floor is formed by an alternation of prefabricated plates (1) 60 cm wide and polystyrene vaults (2) embedded between the edges of the plates that are about 60 cm apart. It is topped off with a mesh (3) and a compression layer (4) that joins with each prefabricated plate forming a single resistant rib (5) in the form of a double "T", all of them being joined by the compression layer located on the vaults (4) which generally forms a ribbed slab (6) or forged itself.

Each prefabricated plate (1) comprises a lower slab (7) and two vertical ribs (8) with a thickened head (9) separated at a certain distance to create a receptacle (10) between both nerves and in turn to create wide wings ( 11) on the two lateral edges of the slab (7), the prestressed steel (12) being arranged inside the slab concrete and ribs. This returned head (9) can serve as a larger compression head to withstand the positive moments in the assembly phase, and it can also be used for the lifting clamps to grip said protuberances below and not slip.

The vaults (2) in their lower corners will have a recess (13) to mount and rest on the wings (11) of the plates so that they are flush with their lower face in the case of applying a plaster plaster. These vaults may have greater or lesser height than the ribs of the plates and will be fitted between the sides of the ribs (8) of two adjacent plates, so that the wind does not lift said vaults and also so that they do not move and fall off the workers during execution. Eventually, although it is not essential, they can incorporate a recess (14) in the upper corners so that the concrete penetrates and embraces the nerves on both sides.

Inside the receptacles (10) the possible connection reinforcements (15) with the beams or load-bearing walls can be accommodated, and reinforcement of positive bending moment reinforcement (16) can also be placed inside said receptacle, or even lattice reinforcements or stirrups (17) for reinforcement of shear forces at the ends of the plates.

A more reinforced plate (1.1) may be provided at the edge of the floor or at the edge of the stairwell to support the loads of the enclosure (18), flights and balconies, or the staircase. In the case of the enclosure, the brick factory (18) will rest on the lower wing (11) of the plate, and the insulation (19) can be placed between a brick factory and a prefabricated nerve to break the thermal bridge to the maximum. The wall is topped with the interior partition (20) and with the plasters or final finishes. To solve the stairwell, a metal beam called a " hanger " (in the slang of the alveolar plates) may be used, or a reinforced concrete strip with its lower rods can be made up and mounted above the edge rib.

During manufacturing on the prestressing track of alveolar or other plates such as the ribbed plates of the lower slab with vertical ribs (21) U200100702, the manufacturing width is 1.2 m and then coincides with the work mounting width (22) of 1.2 m. In the new plates that are manufactured two by two preferably (23), the manufacturing width is 120 cm for example, not coinciding with the final assembly width of the work that we can go to twice the manufacturing width (24) with 240 cm for example. This, as we have seen, saves many indirect costs and manufacturing labor.

The vaults (2) preferably, will be of solid and mechanized polystyrene , or also molded honeycombs, although they are capable of being replaced by vaults of other synthetic materials or also of ceramic or concrete type or of vegetable fibers although with higher costs and weights. If false ceilings are used, said vaults do not have to be flush inferiorly with the plates, therefore this characteristic of the "piping" is not essential for the invention, although of course, the greater the vaulted edges, the greater resistance when stepping on .

Likewise, the vaults could be fitted and immobilized only with the lower wings (11) of the plates, it being not necessary for said vaults to touch laterally with the ribs (8), and penetrating the concrete of work between the lateral of the nerve and the side of the vault. This feature is therefore not essential for the invention.

The plates could have 3 or 4 nerves or have a different width of 60 cm without thereby altering the purpose sought with the invention. They can be manufactured even on tracks of different widths of 2 in 2 for example or 3 in 3 at the same time without thereby altering the invention. Also the head may be wider or with rounded or even straight shapes without thickening or grooves of any kind.

Finally, the plates could incorporate transverse reinforcement or mesh inside the prefabricated sole, without it being a different product from the one claimed here, achieving its same advantages with the same essential configuration. Of course, as in any slab, the compression layer will incorporate an internal mesh, and also as in any slab can be applied plaster of direct plaster or mortar, or a false ceiling can be placed. Armed for negative moments will be placed as always in the work compression layer.

So they do not alter the essentiality of this invention variations in materials, shape, size and arrangement of  the component elements, described in a non-limiting manner, it is enough to proceed to its reproduction by an expert.

Claims (5)

1. Self-supporting prefabricated slab of ribbed plate and vaults arranged between said plates, of the type of joists constituted by a lower concrete slab with two vertical ribs of welded heads and a polystyrene block inside the cavity formed between the ribs or a cover that closes the cavity, with the lower slab of said joists that fly laterally to support polystyrene vaults that will alternate with the joists leaving gaps between the edges of their flights smaller than a person's body, and finally with a layer of superior compression and mesh work, characterized in that it comprises:

?

that the inner cavity of the prefabricated element is now in work without filling with any type of polystyrene block or top cover so that a receptacle is configured in the prestressed prefabricated plate free or empty arranged between its lower slab and the 2 nerves vertical,

?

work compression layer that will fill said receptacle of each prefabricated plate sympathizing with her with high flush effort so that only  so we can separate more resistant elements,

?

a separation between edges of plates larger than a person's body and arrangement of networks under the floor to allow this separation,

?

larger item size sturdy or joist that happens to become a plate proper of a much larger structural entity with separation between much larger plate axes thus having optional capacity to work as an edge beam parallel to the floor, assembling for it is more or equal to the edge plate than to the interior ones, either with more prestressed steel or with corrugated steel and / or with stirrups shear housed in the receptacle, all of which would not be realizable with the size of a traditional joist.

2. Self-supporting prefabricated slab of ribbed plate and vaults arranged between said plates, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises 3 or 4 ribs in each prefabricated plate, therefore configuring 2 or 3 cavities between each pair of contiguous ribs, and which likewise They will fill and cover the concrete with the construction compression layer. 3. Self-supporting prefabricated slab of ribbed plate and vaults arranged between said plates, according to claim 1, characterized in that the vaults are fitted and immobilized only between the edges of the lower wings of the plates, leaving a free space between the side of the rib and the face of the vault, a space that will also be filled after the concrete of the construction compression layer. 4. Self-supporting prefabricated slab of ribbed plate and vaults arranged between said plates, according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises well ceramic, concrete, vegetable fiber, or any other synthetic material vaults. 5. Self-supporting precast slab of ribbed plate and vaults arranged between said plates, according to claim 1, characterized in that for the same standard prestressed steel, the resistance to positive bending moment or shear force of a plate is reinforced with corrugated steel, placing it on the bottom of the central receptacle straight steel rods from side to side or stirrup-shaped rods to the ends of the plate.