ES2319372A1 - Procedure for cutting petreas parts. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Cutting process of stone pieces. The procedure allows to obtain small and thin pieces and large pieces also of small thickness, applicable both in the coating of walls and in the formation of borders, or in forming decorative drawings or representations, based on the procedure to calibrate some slabs that are fixed glued together, and proceed, in the case of obtaining small pieces, to its immersion in water in tray, freezing, extraction of the joint block and subsequent unfolding with the ice belt to avoid breakage in the cut. In obtaining small pieces, the two glued slabs are slotted by discs to delimit the small pieces to be obtained, while in large pieces three slabs, previously calibrated, are superimposed and glued together and the unfolding is carried out to obtain the different plates . (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Cutting procedure of stone pieces.

Object of the invention

The present invention relates to a precision cutting procedure of stone pieces, which is planned to be able to obtain both small and large pieces dimensions and with minimum thicknesses

The object of the invention is to reduce the risks of breakage in the cut of stone pieces (marble, granite and stones in general), improving process performance productive and allowing to obtain pieces with minimum thicknesses and any size.

Background of the invention

The stone pieces have properties that they make them attractive both for the construction and decoration of buildings and homes as a complement within them (tables, countertops, etc.), since their brightness and colors are elegant and totally natural.

However, these qualities have in turn a inconvenient, and that is that the stone material is very fragile in its process of manipulation and elaboration, to which it is necessary to add the factor against which the weight of said material supposes.

Currently the technique of elaboration of stone pieces starts by an extractive process of the block in quarry, being that sawn block, well "on loom" to achieve 2 or 3 cm plates. thick, usually, or "in block cutters ", which will cut the slab in thickness measures similar, so that if the stone blocks are healthy and their quality supports it, plates of up to 1 cm are achieved. thick it is difficult to achieve thinner thicknesses, because the cutting tools used in processes have high frictions that the material hardly supports. Similarly, at polish its surface pressures and frictions are exerted that usually crack it.

In short, there is a problem when it comes to cut a block of stone, marble or other material similar, and is the limitation as to the thickness of the piece to obtain, as stated below a certain thickness the breakage of the pieces occurs.

This implies in the practical waste of material and particularly obtaining plates that result excessively heavy, and if you also want to make considerable dimensions are necessary that they have greater thickness to prevent breakage, not only in the realization of the cut, but in the subsequent manipulation of the pieces, with the consequent weight gain.

Description of the invention

The procedure that has been recommended has been conceived to solve the problem previously exposed, since which allows to obtain stone pieces, hereinafter referred to as marble, because this is a denomination commonly used to acquire everything type of rocks or ornamental stones, which can have any size, whether large or small, and very thin thicknesses if risk of unnecessary breaks.

More specifically, the procedure of invention is based on introducing into the corresponding process of elaboration of a phase of immersion in water of the piece that intends to cut and subsequent freezing of it, with what the piece to be handled is surrounded by an ice mass that enlarges its dimensions, facilitating with it the cut and getting that This is precise without breaking the piece or pieces obtained.

More specifically, in obtaining pieces of small size marble, the procedure consists in performing a unification of output material, reinforcing it with a glued, then make some grooves or cuts without releasing the pieces cut, but only make some marks of what It will be the contour of the start of cutting of each piece, avoiding with This is the risk of breakage, followed by immersion of the prepared piece, which will be constituted by a double slab, in  water and subsequent freezing, establishing a mooring with ice the grooves made in the double slab piece, so that freezing process takes place inside a tray, of so that once the freezing is achieved, it is removed from the tray and we proceed to unfold at the desired height of the piece, which It is easily done as a result of it being endowed of an ice belt, facilitating the cut and without that ice belt allow the release of the various pieces to obtain and marked by the slots referred to at the beginning, to finally arrange the piece after the unfolding process in a support tray to collect the small pieces obtained a Once the ice defrosting process is complete.

When it is intended to obtain marble pieces of large measures and with a thin thickness, the procedure is based also to unify the output material, reinforcing it with a glued, superimposing two slabs fixed by the glue referred, and to the block formed by the two slabs add a third slab and form a sandwich with triple the casting, with a control of measurements or calibration. The triple slab piece is arranged also in a tray, water is added so that it is immersed in this and the water is frozen, obtaining also a block or piece also surrounded by a belt of ice, to carry out a folding of the piece to measure desired, with two faces, being able to be these polished, sandblasted, aged, scratched, or left raw, in any case without risk of  breaks in any of the process phases.

Finally a calibration of the resulting piece or plate, calibration performed on its face called backup, without risk of breakage, also avoiding possible risks of breakage using an appropriate tray.

Therefore, by the procedure in its two referred versions, it is possible to obtain marble plates of very small dimensions, both in thickness and breadth, as well how to obtain very thin plates in thickness and large in amplitude, allowing to take advantage of any piece of marble, since can be reduced to very small pieces, which will allow later compositions and large assemblies using any support and enclosing it.

Also, it is possible to make figures in relief (simulation), since the minimum dimensions are they will be able to obtain changes of tone and mixture of marbles of different colors, with a wide range of possibilities in regards to drawings that can be composed, being all this possible by the precision of the pieces obtained based on the procedure of the invention, since otherwise the drawings would remain imperfect

It also achieves a minimum weight of the pieces obtained, which allows its placement in ceilings and also in flimsy surface walls such as "plasterboard", or increase of placement in places where weight is important, such as elevators, airplanes, boats, roofs, etc.

You also have the possibility to make mixtures of marbles, not only between siso pieces with glass, wood, etc, achieving translucent effects and of any other nature, applied to walls, floors, ceilings, etc.

Description of the drawings

To complement the description that then it will be done and in order to help a better understanding of the features of the invention, accompanies the present active memory as an integral part of it, a game of drawings based on which the phases of the method of the invention

Figure 1.- Shows a perspective view of a double slab that is obtained by overlapping and glued together two pieces of marble.

Figures 2 to 10.- Show representations of the different phases of the procedure to obtain small pieces.

Figures 11 to 18.- Show representations corresponding to different phases of the procedure to obtain large marble plates with minimal thickness.

Figures 19 and 20.- Show representations corresponding to cut piece that incorporates the concept of shadow and composition with these pieces.

Preferred Embodiment of the Invention

As you can see in figures 1 to 10, the procedure to obtain small pieces of marble is based on the following operational phases:

1st.-

Be calibrate the output slab, for example, 2 cm thick, the calibration being made at 1.9 cm thick.

2nd.-

Then they overlap and stick between them two calibrated slabs, through the already brushed faces of caliber.

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The previous two phases are carried out to Unify measures and given that small parts are produced, The intermediate tail provides reinforcement to the slab. In the figure 1 you can see the two slabs (a and b) glued together of the way exposed in the two previous points:

The following phases of the process are:

3rd.-

Make a groove with discs on the outer face of both slabs (a and b), corresponding grooves to the reference (1) and that delimit the contour of the pieces Small to get. The depth of these grooves (1) will be 1 to 2 mm greater than the measure of the thickness of the piece to be obtained.

4th.

A once the slabs (a and b) are grooved by their external faces, according with the aforementioned, the block that both form slabs (a and b) inside a plastic tray (2) adapted to its way.

5th.

Filling with tray water (2) so that the block formed by the slabs (a and b) is immersed in that Water.

6th.

Frozen water.

7th.

Removing the block formed by the ice and slabs (a and b) with respect to the tray (2), such and as shown in figure 5, where the slabs (a and b) remain perimeter surrounded by an ice belt (3).

8th.

TO then proceed to unfold horizontally and on one side of the slabs (a and b) together with the ice belt (3), making the cut without risk of breakage since the grooves (1) they will be full of ice and the discs thank the cold in the Cutting process. The resulting small pieces after that unfolded, they are inside the ice belt (3) and joined together by the ice cords established in the Slots full of frozen water.

9th.

Be Repeat the unfolding process on the other side.

10th.

A Once the ice was undone, after a short period of time, the pieces small (4) are released and even clean, since the mud does not has entered the slots (1).

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The split previously commented is left see clearly in figures 8 and 9, while in figure 7 you lets see a lower tray (5) that will be the recipient of the pieces (4) obtained after the unfolding done by both faces in figures 8 and 9.

The tray (5) is placed in those cases in that the pieces (4) are of small size and of small thickness, that tray (5) must be rigid and calibrated, in which case it expand the size of the disks by adding the thickness of such a tray, which will allow, as stated previously, to collect from simple way all the pieces (4) obtained.

According to this procedure, the little ones holes or imperfections of the marble pieces will have ice filling and softening and joining the material, avoiding with it the risk of breakage.

In addition, based on the ice belt (3), the cutting measures will be carried out perfectly, without leaving burrs or "bites" in the pieces (4) obtained.

As for the procedure to obtain parts or plates of small thickness and large dimensions, as is represented in figures 11 to 18, it is initiated by the overlapping and pasting three slabs (a, b, c) before calibrated the first two slabs glued together, so that the three slabs (a, b, c) form a sandwich, just as represented in figure 11, from which the split at an intermediate height, as shown in the figure 12, obtaining two pieces, one with the slab (a) and half of the slab (b), and the other with the slab (c) and the other half of the slab (b).

These two pieces are calibrated by the face (b ') corresponding to the half slabs (b) unfolded, as depicted in figure 13. Next, the slab is passed with half of the slab (b) to the bottom, after turning, as It is represented in figure 14.

Then the sizing of the slabs is carried out (a and c), represented in figure 14, glued to be made to obtain a new sandwich, as shown in figure 15, then polishing on both sides of that block obtained in the previous phase, getting the block represented in the figure (16) with the faces (b ') polished.

Then, and in a next phase, it performs the unfolding through the center of one of the slabs (a) or (c), as shown in figure 17, where the split is seen by the slab (a), being this separated in two halves, one that is fixed to half of the corresponding slab (b), and the other fixed to the underside of the slab (c), as shown in the commented figure 17.

Subsequently the unfolding of the slab (c) in the same way as just mentioned for the slab (a), prior to turning the piece (b, c, a), taking place at then a calibration by the unfolded raw part, such and as depicted in figure 18, where the slabs formed by halves (a and b) and (b and c) will be the ones that will eventually form the plates that are intended to be obtained, while the piece formed by halves (a and c) will be the backing slab with the function that later it will be exposed.

To carry out the unfolding process represented in figure 18, it is convenient to do it after immersion of the block in water contained in a tray, and unfold after freezing and pertinent removal of the block with the tray ice, showing the block in a lower tray (5) with the same characteristics as that used in the process to get small pieces.

This technique allows to take advantage of the marble using a centerpiece that is supposed to be of higher quality with low parts quality, leaving a polished piece and a backing piece.

In short, it can be said that through a Quality central slab and a back slab are obtained two quality plates, leaving a remaining slab that is equivalent to a output slab that can be used again.

In this process you can reduce and change the output measures and therefore reach minimum thicknesses, although in the final and calibrated unfolding will require the tray (5), being able to use two trays, one upper and one lower, to tie the top and bottom.

Finally say that using the technique of process described above, that is to say with folds and minimum thickness calibrations, and the process of obtaining small pieces, very thin, smaller lines can be made even 1 mm, which will allow for its calibrated precision to make all kinds of drawings and / or figures, being able to make carpets that simulate a cross of shadows in relief, or any other decoration that is estimated, so that it will have more value the more accurate be the shadow and in any case the light that is achieved with the changes of tones or colors, so it is possible to make borders of Very small pieces in geometric figures.

Specifically you can make drawings and compositions with marble pieces of precise measurements that Contain all or part of pieces (6) of thicknesses less than 2 mm, forming the shadow concept, being able to be mounted with another pieces of different sizes and colors that achieve effects of simulated relief, see composition of parts 6, 7 and 8 (figure 19) forming the drawing of figure 20.

These pieces can be mounted on a marble, glass, wood backing, etc., calibrating the set to the desired measure and achieving translucent effects or any other nature, being applicable in walls, floors, ceilings, etc.

You can also get marble parquet at base of pieces of any size that incorporate the concept of shadow.

You can also get valances formed by thousands of mixed colored marble pieces that in any of its shapes or drawings have the concept of shadow or light.

Meanwhile, slabs or backing pieces formed by glued pieces of two or three layers or thick floors fine, glue joints can be intertwined and allow a lock strong, being able to recycle in this way all kinds of marbles or natural stones to be used as a slab or stone concept backup.

You can also get plates called "marmolfino" based on two layers with an equal thickness or less than 2 mm, having a polished or aged face and the other as a backing face, of any quality or color of marble.

You can also obtain microcenefas composed of pieces of size equal to or less than 2 mm, in at least one of its sides, using small pieces obtained according with the first process described.

Claims (5)

1. Procedure of cutting stone pieces, which being applicable in the cutting of pieces commonly known as marbles, whatever their nature, and intended to obtain both small or small pieces or plates of small thickness, such as pieces or plates of great amplitude and also of reduced thickness, it is characterized in that it consists of superimposing and fixing by sizing two or three slabs (a, b, c), prior to calibrating them, and introducing the block formed by the two or three slabs, in a tray (2), to which water is added and freezing, subsequently removing the block formed by the slabs with the belt formed by the ice to then unfold the block formed by the two or three slabs with the belt and ice (3), at the desired height. 2. Procedure for cutting stone pieces, according to claim 1, characterized in that a grooving with discs is carried out on both sides of the block formed by two slabs before obtaining the immersion and freezing phase in water. glued (a and b), taking place, after the immersion, freezing and removal process of the block formed by the two slabs (a and b), the split, keeping the pieces obtained between the grooves made by means of the belt and ice (3). 3. Method of cutting stone pieces, according to claim 2, characterized in that, optionally, the splitting of the block formed by the slabs (a and b) with the ice belt (3), can be received in a tray (5) that collects the small ones pieces (4) obtained after thawing and corresponding unfolding. 4. Procedure for cutting stone pieces, according to claim 1, characterized in that the obtaining of large pieces or plates, part of the overlapping and gluing together of three slabs (a, b, c), previous calibration of two slabs ( a and b) superimposed and glued together, determining said three slabs (a, b, c) a sandwich that is subsequently unfolded to obtain two blocks, one formed by the slab (a) and half of the slab (b) and another formed by the slab (c) and the other half of the slab (b), then calibrated by the faces (b ') of the halves of the slab (b), then glued together of the blocks (a and c) ) with the halves of the slab (b) in correspondence with the upper and lower faces of the block, then a polishing of the calibrated faces (b '), and then a split by the center of both slabs (a and c), to get three sets of slabs formed by halves, two of them for shape r two quality plates and the third as a poor quality backup plate. 5. Method of cutting stone pieces, according to claim 4, characterized in that the unfolding of the block formed by the slabs (a and c) with the halves of the slab (b) located above and below, a tray (5) is arranged in which is carried out the corresponding unfolding to obtain the quality plates and the worst quality backing plate.