ES2317741A1 - Composition for solar protection based on algae and liquenes extracts. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding) - Google Patents

Abstract

Composition for solar protection based on extracts of algae and lichens. The present invention is framed in the biotechnological sector and describes the potential use as antioxidant substances of mycosporin-like amino acids (maas), specifically of porphyra-334 isolated from the red algae porphyra leucosticta and of mycosporine-gly isolated from the lichen lichina pygmaea, in addition to its application in the preparation of compositions for sun protection. (Machine-translation by Google Translate, not legally binding)

Description

Composition for sun protection based on algae and lichen extracts.

Technical sector

The present invention is part of the biotechnology sector and describes the potential use as antioxidants of purified extracts of certain secondary metabolites called mycosporin-type amino acids ( MAAs ) isolated from red algae and marine lichens in addition to their possible application in sunscreen products.

State of the art

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation both coming from the sun as from artificial sources is potentially harmful to Organisms at various levels. In humans, UVB radiation (wavelength = 280-315 nm) is responsible for the production of actinic erythema, sunburn and carcinogenesis in addition to being directly related to processes of immunosuppression while UVA radiation (length of wave = 315-400 nm) is responsible for tanning immediate skin, photoaging and skin photosensitization. UVA radiation is capable of react with oxygen molecules to give rise to oxygen singlet and superoxide anion, both capable of inducing lesions of cell membranes, protein denaturation and tears in DNA bonds (Black, H. S., 1993, In: J. Fuchs and L. Packer -eds.- Oxidative stress in Dermatology, Marcel Dekker, New York pp. 243-269).

Photobiological responses to UV radiation depend on the energy of the incident photon flux and the relative efficacy of photonic energy to produce a specific biological effect. The absorption capacity depends on the nature of the molecules, the most absorbent being those containing chromophores groups , such as keratin proteins, double bonds of unsaturated organic compounds, benzene rings, melanin, lipoproteins, purines and pyrimidines. nucleic acids, etc.

The spectrum of action of each molecule is unique, since it is set by the electronic configuration of its atoms and determines the wavelengths absorbed by a molecule that induce a specific photobiological response and indicates which of these wavelengths are more apt to produce a biological effect (Rundel RD, 1983, Physiol. Plant . 58: 360-366). An action spectrum is nothing more than a function that reflects the effect of a certain wavelength on a biological variable, either at the molecular level (DNA damage) or at the organism level (plant growth). When the spectral radiation spectrum of the sun's emission or of any source of artificial emission is multiplied by the biological spectrum in relative units, the biologically effective radiation spectrum is obtained, that is, those wavelengths that are potentially responsible for causing a determined effect Currently, numerous action spectra are known that describe alterations and anomalies related to UV radiation, such as skin diseases such as erythema (McKinlay AF & Diffey BL, 1987, CIE Research Note, CIE-Journal, 6: 17 -22), DNA damage (Setlow, RB, 1974, Proc Natl. Acad. Sci. USA , 71: 3363-3366), photocarcinogenesis (De Gruijl FR, Sterenborg HJCM, Forbes PD, Davies RE, Cole C., Kelfkens G., van Weelden H., Slaper H. & van der Leun JC, 1993, Cancer Res . 53: 53-60), immunosuppression (De Fabo, EC & Noonan FP, 1983, J. Exp. Med , 158: 84 -98), systemic immunosuppression (De Fabo EC & Kripke ML, 1980, Photochem Photobiol 32: 183), photoisomerization of cis-urocanic (Gibbs NK, Norval M., Traynor NJ, Wolf M., Johnson BE & Crosby J., 1993, Photochem Photobiol 57: 584-590), formation of oxidizing radicals such as singlet oxygen (Hanson KM & Simon JD, 1998, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. Usa . 95: 10576-10578), elastosis (Wulf HD, Poulsen T., Davies RE & Urbach F., 1989, Photodermatology 6: 44-51) and photoaging (Bisset, DL, Hannon, DP & Orr, TV, 1989, Photochem. Photobiol 50: 763-769).

Action spectra are a tool. fundamental in fields such as photobiology and medicine since it even allows correlating causes / effects in the mechanisms that They trigger a pathology.

The decrease in the ozone layer detected in these last decades together with greater radiation exposures UV due to work, aesthetic, leisure, etc., have increased  harmful effects on human health of UV radiation and it has produced an increase in the incidence of skin cancer.

There are many sunscreens in the market which are presented as effective against UVA and UVB radiation. The protective effect of the filters is well established in what Regarding UVB radiation, the sun protection factor is used (FPS), taking only the protection as official marker against actinic erythema (sunburn). However, respect to UVA radiation, although many products claim protection against it, there is no standardized system of evaluation and therefore it is difficult to discern the level of prevention they grant. Moreover, a problem with many of the filters solar of the market, of synthetic origin, is that they cause reactions of photosensitivity in some individuals.

Mycosporin-like amino acids ( MAAs ), present in many aquatic organisms, are compounds that have a chemical structure characterized by a cyclohexenone or cyclohexenimine ring with amino acids or amino alcohols incorporated into said rings. These molecules, due to their chemical structure, are effective as filters of ultraviolet radiation between 300 and 350 nm. The MAAs thermally dissipate, in a very efficient way, the energy absorbed from the UV radiation without producing residues of the photolysis of the molecules. All this, together with high in vitro photostability (Count, FR, Churio, MS & Previtali, CM, 2000, J Photochem. Photobiol . 56: 139-144; Count, FR, Churio, MS & Previtali, CM, 2004, Photochemical and Photobiological Sciences 3: 960-967) and in vivo (Adams, NL & Shick, JM, 2001, Mar. Biol . 138: 267-280) are attributes of a good photoprotector against UV radiation.

In red algae, MAAs may also have antioxidant activity, initially demonstrated in vitro in mycosporine-gly (Dunlap, WC & Yamamoto, Y., 1995, Comp. Biochem. Physiol. B 112: 105-114). Nakayama et al. (1999) found that the usijirene isolated from the red seaweed Porphyra yezoensis had a high antioxidant activity (Nakayama, R., Tamura, Y., Kikuzaki, H. & Nakatani, N., 1999, J Am. Oil Chem. Soc . 76: 649-653). This property could also be related to the ability of MAAs extracted from Porphyra yezoensis to block the production of thymine photodimers (Misonou T., Saitoh J., Oshiba S., Tokitomo Y., Maegawa M., Inoue Y., Hori H. & Sakurai T., 2003, Mar. Biotechnol . 5: 194-200). In addition, certain MAAs are capable of sequestering water-soluble free radicals and inhibiting lipid peroxidation and superoxide radical formation in a high percentage (P200502161, P200502162). A large part of plant aquatic organisms contain mycosporin-like amino acids. The mycosporin-like amino acids found in some marine animals are obtained from the diet. There is a great variety in regard to the content of each of them in different species, with red algae and lichens having the highest concentrations in most cases. The red seaweed Porphyra leucosticta has the order of 3-6 mg / gPS of the MAA porphyra-334 while the lichen Lichina pygmaea of the order of 1-1.5 mg / gPS of mycosporine-gly .

A certain number of works have evaluated the photoprotective capacity of plant extracts, cyanobacteria, lichens, etc., which contained substances capable of absorbing UV radiation. Specifically, extracts of lichen Collema inhibited the formation of thymine dimers and presented positive results in human keratinocyte survival assays (WO 03/020236 A2).

Other authors have mixed MAAs such as mycosporine-gly, palythine, asterine-330, palythinol, palythene, porphyra-334, mycosporine-gly-valine, shinorine and MAA-357 from Antarctic marine organisms getting hydro-oily emulsions with protective factors solar of at least 2 but calculated through changes in the efficiency of photosystem II in cyanobacterial cultures, through the fluorescence of chlorophyll, F v / F m (WO 00/24369). Said compositions are claimed comprising, in addition to an MAA , at least one carrier , a carotenoid or derivative with protective activity against solar radiation, and a polyphenolic compound or derivative also with said activity. Similarly, WO 02/39974 claims personal care compositions comprising an MAA selected from the palythine, palythine serine, palythinol, asterine, mycosporine-2-glycine, shinorine, porphyra-334, N-methyl mycosporine serine group, N-methyl mycosporine threonine, mycosporine-glycine valine, palythenic acid, usijirene and palythene ; and the use of said MAA in combination with an additional photoprotective agent for the preparation of compositions for protection against UV radiation.

This document presents formulations that include extracts of two specific mycosporin-type amino acids, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly , obtained with a high degree of purity from Porphyra leucosticta and Lichina pygmaea , respectively, and which can be formulated together or separately. The photoprotective potential of these creams is compared with another formulation that contains the same percentage of sunscreens as the porphyra-334 + mycosporine-gly mixed cream but formulated from two filters used as standard by the COLIPA method and found with frequency in commercial photoprotectors: octylmethoxycinnamate (OMC), with maximum absorption in ultraviolet B, and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane (BMDM), which protects in the UVA region. The Sun Protection Factor (SPF) is calculated from the spectrum of action of the erythema using the Diffey method ( in vitro ) that allows to calculate protection potentials not only of pathologies related to UVB radiation but also those basically related to UVA radiation , as are the formation of singlet oxygen triggering the photoaging processes.

For the first time, a photoprotective composition composed exclusively of extracts of two molecules with a high level of purification is presented, which has improved protection values as they are formulated separately, and whose photoprotective potential against important pathologies caused or aggravated by UV radiation is comparable. to creams that include commercial sunscreens. Unlike documents WO 00/24369 and WO 02/39974, considered the closest in the state of the art, the characteristics of purified MAAs and the compositions that include them and which are presented in the present document make expendable ( although it does not exclude the possibility) the additional inclusion of other photoprotective agents, something explicitly specified in the aforementioned documents. On the other hand, the MAAs referred to herein differ from the group of MAAs contemplated in WO 02/39974, since mycosporine-glycine and mycosporine-2- glycine are not strictly the same compound.

The present patent comprises a cream formulation composed of a mixture of extracts of the mycosporine-type amino acids, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly , in a percentage of 4.1% and 2.9% respectively, which presents excellent results in vitro against protection of different harmful effects caused by UV radiation.

Detailed description of the invention

The applicants have verified that after the purification of extracts of the mycosporin - type amino acids porphyra-334 extracted from the P. leucosticta and mycosporine-gly algae extracted from lichen L. pygmaea , and its combined presentation in cosmetic formulation intended for topical application on skin, These MAAs exert a physical-chemical filter action, by absorbing radiation in a broad spectrum of wavelengths (300-400 nm) and limiting the amount of UV radiation that reaches the skin, in addition to having a high potential for sequestration of Water-soluble free radicals and superoxide radicals, and inhibit lipid peroxidation (P200502161, P200502162). Its absorption properties give the preparation a great potential in vitro for the prevention of skin cancer and other pathologies associated with exposure to ultraviolet radiation such as burns, inflammation and skin irritation. A formulation of natural origin is presented, capable of offering effective protection against the production of erythema, DNA damage, photocarcinogenesis, local and systemic immunosuppression, cis-urocanic photoisomerization, formation of oxidizing radicals such as singlet oxygen, elastosis and photoaging.

It is presented as an excellent alternative to natural origin to the chemical filters that are currently found in the market.

Description of the drawings

Figure 1. Chemical structure of the mycosporine-gly (A) and porphyra-334 (B) MAAs isolated from the marine lichen Lichina pygmaea and the red algae Porphyra leucosticta , respectively.

Figure 2. Photograph of the rectangle in the back where the cream evaluated was applied evenly after exposure to radiation equivalent to 6.5, 8 and 9.5 MEDs after 24 hours after application.

Figure 3. Relative absorption spectra of the different formulations with absorption maximums at 334 nm for formulation 1 (containing as MAA only porphyra-334 , symbolized as "P-334"), 308 nm for formulation 2 (containing as MAA only mycosporine-gly , symbolized as "M-gly") and broad spectra in the UV region (with maximum absorption at 320 nm) for formulation 3 containing a mixture of both MAAs (porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly , symbolized as "Mixture") and formulation 4 corresponding to the reference cream (consisting of a mixture of chemical filters, octylmethoxycinnamate and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, used as reference filters of photoprotection potential by the COLIPA association, and symbolized as "Reference") .

Figure 4. Transmittance spectrum in% of the 4 formulations as well as the base formula used in them (combination of Neo PCL and propylene glycol). Formulations 2 (containing as MAA only mycosporine-gly , symbolized as "M-gly"), 3 (contains a mixture of both MAAs, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly , symbolized as "Mixture") and 4 (composed of one mixture of chemical filters, octylmethoxycinnamate and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, used as reference filters of photoprotection potential by the COLIPA association, and symbolized as "Reference") have similar transmittance values in the UVB region while formulation 1 (containing as MAA only porphyra-334 , symbolized as "P-334") has higher values, especially in the more erythematogenic region.

Figure 5. Sun protection factor Monochromatic (erythema) for the 4 formulations. Formulations 2, 3 and 4 have values around 12 in the UVB region while formulation 1 is less effective.

Embodiments of the invention

The present invention relates to a new composition based on purified extracts and concentrates obtained from the seaweed Porphyra leucosticta Thuret in Le Jolis (family Bangiaceae, Order Bangiales, Class Bangiophyceae, Phylum Rhodophyta ) and lichen Lichina pygmaea (Lightf.) C. Agardh (family Lichinaceae, Order Lichinales, Phylum Fungi ), with ultraviolet radiation filter action intended for topical application.

In a preferred embodiment, said composition contains a mixture of mycosporine, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly- type amino acid extracts , in a percentage of 4.1% and 2.9% respectively intended for topical use with a high potential as a skin protective agent against aggressions caused by solar radiation (UVA and UVB).

Purification of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly on a preparative scale

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The Preparatory scale extraction was performed by extracting 60-80 g fresh weight of the biological material in 1 20% methanol (v / v) and incubating in a thermostatic bath to 45 ° C for 2 hours. Subsequently, the extract was centrifuged at 14000 rpm for 15 minutes and the methanol was evaporated from the sample using vacuum rotary evaporation to concentrate the abstract.

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The purification was performed in three consecutive steps in which chromatographic absorption techniques were combined by the application of active carbon, precipitation of polysaccharides after adding 100% methanol to the sample and final separation by ion exchange chromatography (Dowex 50 W x 8 resin -100). For the elution of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly , double distilled water was used, with a slightly alkaline pH (pH 7.2). After the purification process, aqueous solutions of MAAs with high purity were obtained.

The MAAs were identified and quantified in a high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) equipment. For the analysis, the C 8 column (Sphereclone ™, Phenomenex, Germany) of size 250 x 4.6 mm, packed with porous silica microparticles of 5 µm in diameter with surface derivatized with a chain was used as stationary phase aliphatic of 8 carbon atoms (octadecyl silane). The mobile phase used was 2.5% (v / v) methanol with 0.1% acetic acid (v / v) isocratically pumped at a flow rate of 0.5 mL min -1. Detection and quantification was performed with a UV-visible photodiode detector (Photodiode Array Detector Waters 996).

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Preparing a cream for topical use

Once the purified aqueous phase extracts of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly were obtained , the cosmetic product of the present invention was processed. The combination of Neo PCL and propylene glycol was used as the base formula in addition to an aqueous extract containing the different sunscreens. The ratios between the three components were 4: 1: 14 (in% weight / volume for Neo PCL,% volume / volume for propylene glycol and for aqueous extract), and 19.6% w / v, 4.9% v / v, and 68.6% v / v in the final composition or formulation, respectively. The formulation was performed at a temperature of 60 ° C. The compositions were chemically stable and resistant to photodegradation, easily absorbed through the skin and capable of creating a continuous and uniform film. Four formulations are manufactured, two of them contain the MAAs, porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly in approximate percentages of 5% in the aqueous extract, another contains a mixture of both MAAs with porphyra-334 as a majority (4.1% in the extract aqueous). Finally, and as a reference, a formulation consisting of a mixture of chemical filters, octylmethoxycinnamate and butylmethoxydibenzoylmethane, used as reference filters of photoprotection potential by the European Cosmetic Toiletry and Perfumery Association , with ultraviolet absorption maxima was used. B and ultraviolet A respectively (2.65 and 4.46% in the aqueous extract). The final volume of each composition (formulations 1 to 4), according to the percentages of each component indicated therein, was 250 µL in the specified preferred embodiments, said final volume not being relevant and the proportions of the components in it and among themselves. The percentages indicated for each MAA correspond to their concentration in the aqueous extract included in the composition or formulation.

Formulation 1 (porphyra-334)

Neo PCL

50 mg

Propylene glycol

12.5 µL

Aqueous extract

175 µL (5.6% porphyra-334 )

Maximum of absorption

334 nm

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Formulation 2 (mycosporine-gly)

Neo PCL

50 mg

Propylene glycol

12.5 µL

Aqueous extract

175 µL (5.1% of mycosporine-gly )

Maximum of absorption

308 nm

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Formulation 3 (mixture of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly)

Neo PCL

50 mg

Propylene glycol

12.5 µL

Aqueous extract

175 µL (at 4.1% porphyra-334 and 2.9% mycosporine-gly )

Maximum of absorption

320 nm

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Formulation 4 (reference)

Neo PCL

50 mg

Propylene glycol

12.5 µL

Aqueous extract

175 µL (at 2.65% octylmethoxycinnamate and at 4.46% butylmethoxidibenzoylmethane)

Maximum of absorption

Broadband with maximums of absorption at 310 and 360 nm.

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In vitro photoprotective potential of the preparation for topical use

Once the different formulations were prepared, the in vitro photoprotective potential of each of them was estimated using the Diffey and Robson protocol (Diffey, BL & Robson, J. (1989). J. Soc. Cosmet. Chem. 40 : 127-133). This method is a protocol standardized by the COLIPA association for the calculation of the sun protection factor of an in vitro solution, which gives us the ability to photoprotection of said solution against the potential of actinic erythema production of the sun. The photoprotector (formulation containing UV absorbing or dispersing substances) is applied to the adhesive support at a concentration of 2 microliters per square centimeter (µL cm -2). The light from a source of xenon arc is made to affect the surface of the adhesive, on which the formulation containing the absorbent substances will have been applied or not. The protocol followed for the analysis of the different formulations was as follows:

On a 2 quartz glass slide mm thick an adhesive tape (Transpore 3M) was placed, which simulates the epidermal surface of human skin. The slide it was placed on an analytical balance and with a 1 mL syringe they applied 2 mg cm -2 of the product to be evaluated by distributing it in Small drops along the entire surface. The product was distributed on the surface of the slide with your finger provided with a rubber thimble, by a gentle circular movement for about 30 seconds and allowed to dry for 20 minutes to allow the emulsion to break. Then you He did the reading. A sample of reference (quartz slides with Transpore 3M tape without product) to use as a baseline.

Once the transmittance spectra have been obtained in the reference UV light, samples and the emission spectrum of the solar simulator the sun protection factor was calculated Monochromatic (FPSM) for each wavelength according to the following formula:

FPSM (\ lambda) = \ frac {E _ {\ lambda} \ cdot S _ {\ lambda} \ cdot d \ lambda} {E _ {\ lambda} \ cdot S _ {\ lambda} \ cdot T _ {\ lambda} \ cdot d \ lambda}

Where:

E λ = erythematic spectrum (McKinlay A.F. & Diffey B.L. (1987). CIE Research Note, CIE-Journal, 6: 17-22)

S λ = Irradiation spectrum solar

T λ = Transmittance spectrum of the sample

The calculation of the sun protection factor (SPF) for the entire UV band with erythematic effect was performed from the same form but instead of using each wavelength form but integrating the values between 280-400 nm. Finally, said SPF was expressed mathematically for the reason of irradiation time necessary to reach the erythematic threshold without ultraviolet filters.

As indicated in the background of the invention, the use of SPF, which only gives us an idea of the action Erythematic of ultraviolet radiation, does not provide data to level of protection from other biological effects, even if it simulates the harmful potential of the sun for some of them as the case of Photocarcinogenic potential of solar radiation. That is why it has established the photoprotection capacity of the formulations to base of purified mycosporin extracts for a total of 7 biological effects in which its spectrum of action and described in the literature of the field of photobiology. In Table 1 represents the biological effects for which have established sun protection factors and those we call the biological effect protection factor (FAPEB). He FAPEB can be understood as the number of times it can remain a person exposed to the sun compared to a person without skin protection before you experience the biological process in question.

As seen in Figure 3, porphyra-334 showed a maximum absorption in the ultraviolet A band (334 nm) while the maximum of mycosporine-gly was 310 nm (UVB). The formulation containing a mixture of both had a broad absorption band that covers up to 360 nm and whose absorption maximum was 320 nm. The monochromatic sun protection factor (FPSM) for erythema (Figure 5) for formulation 1 presented maximum values of 8 for wavelengths around 350 nm (UVA) while formulations 2, 3 and 4 presented an additional FPSM high (12) at more erythematogenous wavelengths, keeping this value constant up to 350 nm for formulation 1 and 365 nm for formulation 2. By integrating the FPSM between 300 nm and 400 nm, the FAPEB is obtained for the entire region of the ultraviolet offered by the different cream formulations, values that are included in table 1 (the values represent the mean and standard deviation -SD- of 4 replicates; different letters indicate significant differences between the formulations for each of the biological effects). The results shown in table 1 are presented as mean value and the standard deviation of at least 4 replicates. The statistical significance of the means was checked by means of an Analysis of the Variance (ANOVA) of a factor followed by a Tukey multiple comparisons test (Sokal, RR & Rohlf, FJ (1986) Editorial Reverté 362 pp). The level of significance set in all cases was 95% (p <0.05).

TABLE 1

one

Regarding DNA damage, non-melanonic skin cancer formation and local and systemic immunosuppression, there is a clear difference between the cream that includes porphyra-334 and the rest of the formulations (p <0.05). The cream containing the mixture of MAAs has FAPEBs similar to the reference formulation. Regarding the appearance of erythema, the mixture and the reference formulation do not differ significantly in the protection factor, while in the cream with porphyra-334 it is significantly lower (p <0.05). As for the photoisomerization of urocanic acid, there are no significant variations between the formulations, and as for the formation of singlet oxygen, the mixture formulation has FAPEBs similar to that of porphyra-334 and somewhat lower than that of the reference cream.

SPF in vivo test of a cream with porphyra-334 + mycosporine-gly

To verify in vivo some of the results obtained, three volunteers were chosen with a skin phototype II defined by DIN-5050, with the minimum erythematic dose (MED) for this phototype of 250 J m -2. A rectangle of 4.5 x 2 cm2 was drawn on the back and 2 mL of cream was applied uniformly per square centimeter following the COLIPA association method. It was allowed to act for 20 minutes and then the skin was irradiated with an ORIEL 2000 solar simulator (ORIEL, USA). Radiation equivalent to 6.5, 8 and 9.5 MEDs was applied and the erythema was evaluated after 24 hours. The minimum dose of erythematic radiation was 8 MEDs (Figure 2). The in vitro SPF of the cream was approximately 8, which is corroborated by the in vivo assay.

Conclusions

Formulation 3 is presented as a cream for topical use created from substances of natural origin that offers high protection against numerous injuries and alterations caused by ultraviolet radiation.

The use of a cream containing the combination of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly allows the improvement in the photoprotective capacity against solar radiation compared to the formulation of both MAAs separately.

Formulation 3 is presented as an excellent alternative of natural origin against the chemical filters present in the market since at the same percentage of photoprotective substances that the reference cream (\7%) offer similar results in vitro and in vivo (erythema) .

The combination porphyra-334 - mycosporine-gly alone, or incorporated in certain percentages in photoprotective creams with commercial chemical filters can be an incentive in the sale of these products, including substances of natural origin.

Claims (9)

1. Composition for sun protection comprising an aqueous extract with photoprotective activity consisting of a purified extract of porphyra-334 , a purified extract of mycosporine-gly , or a mixture of both purified extracts. 2. Composition for sun protection according previous claim further comprising a compound self-emulsifying and an alcohol. 3. Composition for sun protection according previous claim wherein the self-emulsifying compound is Neo PCL. 4. Composition for sun protection according any of the preceding claims wherein the alcohol It is propylene glycol. 5. Sunscreen composition according to the preceding claim comprising 19.6% w / v Neo PCL, 4.9% v / v propylene glycol, and a 68.6% v / v aqueous extract consisting of a mixture of purified extracts in the aqueous phase of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly presenting said amino acids in a concentration in the range 4.1-5.6% and in the range 2.9-5.1%, respectively. 6. Composition for sun protection according to the preceding claim wherein the aqueous extract consisting of a mixture of purified extracts in the aqueous phase of porphyra-334 and mycosporine-gly has said amino acids at 4.1% and 2.9%, respectively; and characterized in that it has a maximum absorption in the ultraviolet region (320 nm), and by presenting the following values of biological effect protection factor for the entire ultraviolet region obtained by integrating the monochromatic sun protection factor between 300 and 400 nm: 8 against erythema, 10 against DNA damage, 8 against non-melanoma skin cancer, 10 against systemic immunosuppression, 10 against immunosuppression, 10 against cis-urocanic photoisomerization, and 6 against formation of singlet oxygen. 7. Cosmetic product comprising a cosmetic composition for sun protection according to any of the previous claims. 8. Use of sunscreen composition defined according to any of claims 1 to 6 in the Preparation of a cosmetic product for skin protection human, human hair or any surface against the solar radiation. 9. Use according to the preceding claim in the preparation of a cosmetic product for prevention or reduction of the development of melanomas.