ES2308285T3 - AERIAL WITH AT LEAST A DIPOLO OR PROVISION OF ISSUES SIMILAR TO DIPOLOS. - Google Patents

Abstract

Disclosed is an antenna or antenna array comprising at least one dipole or a dipole-like radiator arrangement or radiator structure (11) and a reflector (3). Said antenna or antenna array has the following characteristics: the radiator arrangement (11) encompasses an electrically conductive support device (15) that is connected in a capacitively and/or galvanically contactless manner to the electrically conductive reflector (3); an electrically conductive rod-shaped coupling element (21) which extends perpendicular to the reflector plane is provided on the front face of the reflector (3); the support device (15) can be placed on said rod-shaped coupling element (21) with the aid of an internal axial bore in such a way that the support device (15) and the rod-shaped coupling element (21) are capacitively coupled without being in galvanic contact; the antenna is fed by means of a coaxial cable (31) whose outer conductor is connected to the reflector and/or the rod-shaped coupling element (21) and whose inner conductor is galvanically or capacitively connected to an opposite half-dipole.

Description

Antenna with at least one dipole or arrangement of emitters similar to dipoles.

The invention relates to a battery of antennas with several emitting systems similar to dipoles according to the preamble of claim 1.

The dipole emitters have been announced by example by previous publications DE 197 22 742 A and DE 196 27 015 A. Dipole emitters may then submit a usual dipole structure or for example be composed of a cruciform dipole system or a dipole square, etc. A called vector cruciform dipole is known for example by the previous publication WO 00/39894. The structure seems to be comparable to that of a dipolar square. Due to the specific configuration of the dipole issuer according to this previous publication, it is achieved not In the electrical aspect, in short, a structure of cruciform dipole, bringing the antenna element thus formed can issue and receive in two polarizations oriented perpendicular to each other.

All these previous publications, as well as the other dipole structures long known for the average specialist, are also in this sense content of the present request

While so far all generations of dipole emitters or emitters similar to dipoles have positioned on the reflector such that they are electrically connected, that is, galvanically, with the reflector, it has already been proposed in an unpublished patent application previously attached capacitively an emitting element of this type to the sheet reflective Collating for example a non-conductive element, in particular dielectric, or forming a contact section not driver in the transmitter or in his support team, on which place the emitter on the reflector plate, thus a unequivocally reproducible transmitter positioning in the electrical aspect, since intermodulation problems are avoided that occur under certain conditions according to the state of the technique. This is so because when they have mechanically fixed a dipole or emitting elements similar to dipoles on the sheet reflector according to the state of the art, they have been fixed usually by screws or other attachment mechanisms on the reflective plate, so depending on the mounting accuracy different contact conditions resulted, with the consequence that intermodulation problems could occur that were They manifested in different ways.

In this regard it should also be considered that in the In most cases, dipoles or emitters similar to dipoles are placed on the reflector plate and fixed by tightening one or several screws from the rear side of the reflector. Yes by example due to thermal influences yields the pressure of tightening, then the contact conditions are modified, so that significantly reduces the quality of an antenna element such as the one indicated

According to the aforementioned application not published previously, you also have the additional advantage, avoiding a electrogalvanic contact, making a capacitive coupling, of that no dipole can occur between the dipole and the reflector tension potential This is because already because of the different materials chosen for a dipole emitter or a support team For a dipole emitter and reflector material, it is presented traditionally otherwise an electrochemical voltage, which May lead to contact corrosion. Since this is avoided according to the invention, a greater possibility of choice of materials to use for the dipole and / or the reflector.

By document DE 36 39 106 A1 has been given to know a combination antenna in which an inner conductor is capacitively coupled with a tubular antenna conductor 19, avoiding a galvanic junction.

By US 4 254 422 A it is given as known a dipolar antenna with a coaxial structure, which includes a so-called primary element (inner conductor) that is surrounded by a so-called secondary element (coaxial outer conductor). From In this way both half-dipoles are formed. This dipole system already known is powered by a coaxial power line. As seen in particular in Figure 2 of this publication previous, the outer conductor of the power line is electrically connected directly to the outer conductor coaxial of one of the half-dipoles and the inner conductor with the Coaxial outer conductor of the second half-pole, not being electrically connected to each other both outer conductors Coaxial of both half-dipoles.

According to US 3,740,754 A, they are used for feeding a dipole of a two antenna system coaxial lines, whose inner conductors are linked together at the point of feeding of the dipole. In these systems of known coaxial power is not provided any capacitive power coupling.

It is the task of the present invention to achieve a better antenna even with a capacitive coupling to power this system, in particular with a capacitive coupling between a emitter or its support equipment and a conductive reflector associated or a conductive reflector surface, which for example is connected to the outer conductor of a power cable coaxial.

The task is solved according to the invention in function of the characteristics indicated in claim 1. Advantageous improvements of the invention are indicated in the secondary claims.

Through the present invention a clear improvement over all known traditional antennas by the state of the art. In this regard, this means invention a new and important improvement also with respect to the solution mentioned above and not previously published, according to the one already had planned a capacitive coupling of the antenna to reflector.

According to the invention, an electrically conductive coupling element is now provided that rises from the bar-shaped reflector, which is electrogalvanically connected to the reflector plate. On it the emitter equipment itself can be placed, usually the support equipment that supports the emitter with a dipole shape or the emitter structure with a dipole shape, which has an axial recess, with which the support equipment can be placed on the rod-shaped coupling element. Even when the bar-shaped coupling element is inserted into the axial recess of the support equipment and generally extends coaxially in the axial recess of the support equipment, the bar-shaped coupling element is electrogalvanically separated from the equipment. driver support In this way, a coupling of the capacitive outer conductor and / or, if necessary, an inductive one between the reflector and the coupling element preferably connected with the reflector electrogalvanically on one side, and the electrically conductive part of the support equipment is carried out, among others.
other.

In a preferred constructive form it is configured then the rod-shaped coupling element electrically conductive as a tubular body, which can be fixed to the reflective plate by direct or indirect welding or any other way. Then only one is placed on top hollow cylinder shaped bushing that acts as an insulator, or either a spacer of another type shown on the element of bar-shaped coupling, being configured preferably at the lower end of this acting bushing as a dielectric a flange, to which the driver support team of the transmitter structure.

In an improvement of the invention, it can however, air is also used as a dielectric. For it it should be ensured only that by certain spacers the conductive support structure electrically placed on top do not come into electrogalvanic contact with the reflector and / or with the electrically bonded rod-shaped coupling element With the reflector.

Basically it is also possible to configure the own non-conductive material electric support equipment, for plastic example and just coat it on the outer face with a layer electrically conductive Then the equipment can be placed support on the rod-shaped coupling element electrically very tight conductor or preferably with adjustment fine, thereby using the length of the elements of rod-shaped coupling can also be ensured that the lower front end of the support equipment near the reflector cannot come into contact with it and / or also configure or provide an insulating layer or the front wall of the support equipment is not equipped with an outer electrical layer in this point.

As mentioned, the element of bar-shaped coupling is preferably configured hollow or hollow cylinder shaped. In the reflector is provided the corresponding recess aligned axially with the previous one. It opens the possibility of connecting to the back of the reflector the outer conductor of a coaxial cable to power the emitter system in the reflector plate and / or in the tubular projection if necessary, it also protrudes over the underside of the electrically shaped rod coupling element conductor (to be joined usually electrogalvanically, for example by welding) and electrically separated from the above carry the inner conductor coaxially through the element of rod-shaped coupling, upwards, to connect there from proper way the inner conductor, that is, usually connect it electrically with the opposite half-pole.

In an improvement of the invention it can be provided for the inner conductor in the element of bar-shaped coupling an electrical element shaped bar fixed there, so that the inner conductor It can be connected lying on the bottom. Driver interior may however also lie up directly as a long inner conductor with a cable through a rod-shaped element, preferably inserting an insulator.

However, it is also possible to have a inner conductor as a whole through the shaped element rod and connect the outer conductor laid up to the element shaped like a bar and separately the driver prolonged interior towards the generally opposite half-dipole or connect it in the immediate spatial proximity, for making electrical contact of the outer conductor, with a stirrup of electrical connection, which establishes a connection with the half-pole opposite.

However, basically an inversion of the coupling principle is also possible. The coupling element can be formed precisely as an outer pot-shaped part, galvanically bonded with the reflector. Here the dipole support section is positioned inside, by means of an insulator, by air or in any other way, to perform the primary coupling called the capacitive conductor coupling
Exterior.

Various other variations are possible, than in part will be explained in detail in the description.

Finally, it is equally possible in a way preferred construction of the invention also configure Capacitive way the contact of the inner conductor.

The invention will be described below in Detail based on drawings. In this regard it is shown in detail in:

Figure 1: a schematic representation in perspective of a battery of a column antennas with three polarized emitters doubly arranged vertically one over other;

Figure 1a: a side view on a system emitter, whose socket directly contacts the reflector, establishing an electrogalvanic contact;

Figure 1b: a schematic plan view on the dual polarized dipole emitting system of Figure 1a;

Figure 2: a schematic representation in perspective of a single emitter used in figure 1, in front of a reflector;

Figure 3: a schematic view from the side posterior on the reflector, precisely at the point where an emitter according to figure 1 is mounted on the opposite part;

Figure 4: an axial schematic representation in section through an emitter according to figure 2, according to a first constructive form;

Figure 4a: an example of evolved execution with an electrogalvanic junction of the inner conductor with a half-dipole;

Figure 5: an axial schematic representation in section through an emitter according to figure 2, according to a second constructive form;

Figure 6: an axial schematic representation in section through an emitter according to figure 2, according to a third constructive form;

Figure 7: an axial schematic representation in section through an emitter according to figure 2, according to a fourth constructive form;

Figure 7a: a schematic representation in perspective of the connected coupling elements electrically to the reflector and a socket to be placed on top, as well as well as tubular shaped insulating elements provided;

Figure 7b: the corresponding representation in perspective after mounting the socket and insulators;

Figure 7c: the corresponding representation in perspective of a transmitter system with support equipment;

Figure 7d: the corresponding representation in perspective with the emitting element placed on top in position definitive

Figure 7e: an exploded representation in perspective of the emitter system mounted on the reflector of the figures 7a to 7d,

Figure 8: A schematic side view of a example of evolved execution of a dipole emitter; Y

Figure 9: A schematic plan view of a dipole that emits only in a polarization plane according to the Figure 8, which according to the present invention is connected to a outer conductor coupling especially capacitive and / or inductive.

The invention will be described below in based on a so-called vector dipole, which is known as to its basic structure by WO 00/39894, whose content published we make reference in all its extension. Notwithstanding the invention can be carried out in all dipoles, for example also in cruciform dipoles or simple dipoles, such as those known for example from document DE 197 22 742 A1, the document DE 198 23 749 A1, document DE 101 50 150 A1 or for example the US 5 710 569.

Figure 1 shows a system of antennas 1 in schematic reproduction with a reflector or reflector plate 3. The reflector 3, for example by way of a reflector plate, can be preferably provided on its two longitudinal sides 5 opposed or declined with respect to them inwards, with a 3 'reflector limit, which can be oriented by example perpendicular to the plane of the reflector plate 3 or also at an angle that runs obliquely different from an angle straight.

They are usually arranged on a sheet reflector 3 of this type several dipoles or emitters similar to dipole stripped together in a vertical direction. The issuer or the emitting systems 11 may be composed of band emitters single-band, dual band transmitters (dual-band), triple band emitters (trippel-band) or band broadcasters in general multiple or similar. In the current generation of antennas are used preferably dual band transmitters or even band emitters triple, which can also emit and / or receive in two polarizations oriented orthogonally to each other, and in this regard preferably in An angle of ± 45 ° to the horizontal or vertical. We refer in this regard in particular to previous DE publications 197 22 742 A, as well as DE 196 27 015 A, which show and describe different antennas with the most diverse emitting systems. Everybody these emitters and emitting elements, as well as variants of the they can be used and applied within the framework of this invention. Therefore, emitters can also be used with authentic dipole structure, as a cruciform dipole, a dipole square or as a so-called vector dipole, such such as those known for example from WO 00/39894. All these types of emitters and variants are included in this request, with reference to previous publications before cited.

In figures 1a and 1b it is shown in view schematic lateral basically a vector dipole, such as the which is known from WO 00/39894. There the symmetry 15, i.e. a support team 15, directly electrogalvanically on the reflector 3. Figures 1a and 1b they serve in this regard only to clarify the basic structure of the corresponding vector dipole, such as that used in based on the following figures in the context of the invention.

In figures 2 and 3 it is shown with greater detail in different representations a first emitter system 11 corresponding to the invention on a reflector 3. The system emitter 11 then basically presents a structure such as the which is known from WO 00/39894, there described widely. Therefore, we refer to the content disclosed in the aforementioned previous publication in its entirety and we do content of this application From there it is known that the emitting system 11 according to the exemplary embodiments of Figures 1 to 3 is configured in schematic plan view certainly as a dipole square, but based on the specific configuration emits and receives in the electrical aspect as a cruciform dipole. In the Figure 1 are drawn with respect to an emitter system 11 both polarization directions 12a and 12b, perpendicular to each other and which is formed by the diagonals, using the emitting system 11 formed more like a square in plan. The structures opposed in each case in 180º according to the emitting system 11, they function in this sense as half dipoles of two dipoles arranged cross.

An emitting system 11 with a dipole shape like this formed is attached and mounted on the corresponding equipment support or support 15 above the reflector. The four half-dipoles 13 of this example of execution (arranged between them laid out in form cross) and the corresponding support equipment 15 are composed then by electrically conductive material, usually metal or the corresponding metal alloy. The half-dipoles or the corresponding support team or parts thereof may not Despite being also composed of a non-conductive material, by plastic example, being able to be coated and / or coated then the corresponding parts by a conductive layer.

In the perspective representation of the figure 2 it can also be seen that the cruciform emitter in appearance electric presents a support that in horizontal section is approximately square or a 15 square support kit, equipped of slots 15d which in the example shown end from top to bottom Shortly before the reflector. These 15d slots are aligned with the slots 11c that separate two half-dipoles in each case contiguous of two polarizations perpendicular to each other. Through the 15d slots in the common support equipment 15 for all the emitter system (that is, for both polarizations) is thus formed in each case the corresponding symmetry 15e of the corresponding dipole structure. The length of the grooves and with it the length of symmetry thus formed may vary, a value close to λ / 4 is often adequate for the corresponding frequency. Then the mentioned slots do not arrive 15d on support equipment 15 (from symmetry) until ground, but usually end up at a reduced distance above ground, that is, above the plane of the reflector, so the support structure has a short circuit here mechanic referred to the four support sections that in case otherwise they would be separated from each other.

To clearly ensure a coupling capacitive and / or inductive on the reflector plate 3, that is, for  achieve an electrical contactless contact, is fixed on the reflector 3 a rod-shaped coupling element 21 (Figures 4 to 7), that is, in the example of execution shown generating an electrogalvanic junction with reflector 3. Both the reflector as well as the coupling element shaped bar can be composed of non-conductive material. In this case the corresponding parts are coated with a layer conductive Then it must be ensured that the layer electrically conductive of the coupling element and the corresponding conductive layer on the reflector are attached electrically If the reflector as a whole is conductive, it must the corresponding conductive layer of the coupling element with the reflector as a whole.

In the example of execution shown is configured the rod-shaped coupling element 21 with tube or cylinder shape and then inserted through a hole 23 aligned with this shaped coupling element 21 of bar from the rear face 3a of the reflector, until the corresponding step-shaped projection 21b of the element of 21-shaped hollow cylinder coupling collides with the face rear of the reflector 3. In other words, the perimeter outside of section 21b of coupling element 21 is by below the stepped projection 21b wider than the hole 23, whereby the shaped coupling element 21 cylindrical can only be inserted in hole 23 until the said stepped projection 21b collides with the part rear in the reflector. In this position the element is attached coupling 21 preferably by welding electrogalvanically with reflector 3 preferably composed by a reflective plate. About this coupling element 21 in the form of a bar, an insulator 25 with hollow cylinder shape, preferably the inner diameter and inner section of the insulator 25 to the outer section and the outer shape of the coupling element 21 shaped like a bar In a coupling element 21 in the form of hollow cylinder is configured with other words also the hollow cylinder shaped insulator and sits more or less, at less almost free of play or just with little game, about the element coupling 21.

In the example of execution shown it is laid the hollow cylinder shaped insulator 25 below, that is, close to reflector 3, provided with an edge or flange 25a around, by which supports the insulator 25 on the front or front face 3b of the reflector.

Now you just need to insert only the structure of the transmitter with its support team 15, in whose interior  an axial hole 15a is made, on the insulator 25 provided of an axial internal recess. Then they are adapted on inner diameter and shape of the inner section of the hole axial 15a in turn to the outer dimension and the shape of the section horizontal of the insulator 25, whereby the support team at least approximately no game or with just one small play on the insulator 25.

Preferably, the equipment is then inserted support with its axial hole 15a in the insulator 25 until the support team 15 is supported with its lower front face 15b which serves as the basis for reflector 3 directly on the edge or flange not conductor 25a belonging to insulator 25. There you can It should therefore be noted that for fixing and mounting the system emitter 11 a welding process is not necessary for fixing of the support equipment on the reflector 3.

They could also be the relationships of axial lengths such that when placing the transmitter on top, whose equipment of support 15 is inserted over the insulator 25, until the face upper front 25b opposite the reflector 3 collides with the stop 15c of the emitting system or of the corresponding equipment of support that is oriented towards the reflector, it turns out such that the lower front face 15b of the support equipment 15 ends at least a short distance in front of reflector 3 and there you cannot make contact with reflector 3.

Finally, it is foreseen in the execution example additionally shown a centering or fixing socket surrounding the support equipment 15 of the sending equipment 11 and placed on the reflector, which also keeps the support team in the desired fixing position. For this, the socket of the insulator 22 of the corresponding interior settlement, as well as a support section 22a, whereby the support team 15 of the emitter system 11, placed on top and usually conductive, not It may become in electrogalvanic contact with the reflector 3. The socket 22 or the support device of the socket 22 can be provided for example with retention or centering areas, which penetrate through the corresponding holes or prints in the reflector and with it can be placed and then fixed as a joint by abrupt closure on the reflector. A centering of socket 22 of this type is also suitable for all when no insulator 25 is used, with what of this way the support equipment 15 can be anchored in contact not electrogalvanic with coupling element 21 shaped bar in front of the reflector 3.

Basically it can however be configured also the support equipment 15 such that its lower front face, which is oriented towards the reflector, and maybe additionally to this then up to a more axial height elevated, is not conductive configured, or is not equipped with a conductive coating, to avoid contact here electrogalvanic with reflector plate or reflector 3. In this case the aforementioned fixing base 22 could also be renounced.

For a better understanding, we will focus on then in the perspective representations of the figures 7a to 7e.

Figure 7a shows a representation in perspective of reflector 3 in detail, on which they are seated four coupling elements 21 in configuration as tubular shape As indicated, these elements of coupling 21 conductors are electrogalvanically connected with the reflector 3. These bar-shaped coupling elements or of tube 21 settle in plan view at the vertices of a square.

On it is inserted a socket 22 no electrically conductive, in which four are practiced holes 22a with circular shape, so that this socket 22 can be inserted over the tube-shaped elements 21, until the socket rests with its lower face on the upper face of the reflector.

In the recesses 22a the four are inserted 25 insulators 25 with tubular or hollow cylinder shape shown in figure 7a, which with its lower front edge is well they extend in the area of the recesses 22a in the socket 22 or they cross the openings 22a provided in the socket 22 and with their lower front faces then rest on the surface of the reflector.

Figure 7b shows the state in which on the coupling elements 21 are inserted the socket 22 and the 25 tubular shaped insulators.

Next, the sending system 11 is inserted with its support team 15 (that is, its symmetry) on the tubular shaped insulators 25, which are then extended in the corresponding tubular shaped recesses in the equipment support 15 of the emitting system 11. The underside of the equipment support 15 extends inside the socket 22 or the edge of the socket, as can be seen in figure 7d.

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Figure 7e reproduces the system again complete and exploded representation structure in perspective.

Through the measures described, a capacitive coupling of outer conductor 29, being composed of the two coupling pieces that cause the capacitive couplings of the outer conductor 29 on the one hand per the coupling element 21 electrogalvanically connected with the reflector and on the other hand by the support team 15 or else the section of the support equipment 15 surrounding the axial hole 15a and the support team and that, as can be seen in the example of execution extends parallel to the coupling element 21. It is, according to the example of execution described, a coupling coaxial capacitive, in which the coupling element 21 in the shape of a hollow cylinder, with respect to which it extends externally and surrounding this element of coupling 21 in the perimeter direction, the corresponding section of the support team 15.

The mentioned link is mostly capacitive when the longitudinal extent of the elements of coupling 21 in the shape of a hollow cylinder, starting from reflector, is small with respect to wavelength. In this case the coupling is essentially capacitive and the component Inductive is negligible. From a length of 0.1 of the wavelength (λ) however becomes noticeable high frequency effects The intensity that flows from a end (connecting end of coupling element 21 on the reflector) towards the open end, experiment with this via a phase turn. For 0.25 wavelengths (λ) the phase rotation is 90º. The minimum intensity at the end Open coupling elements 21 results in a maximum of intensity at the opposite end (connection terminal) and maximum of tension at the open end in the coupling element 21 It results in a minimum of tension at the opposite end. For axial longitudinal extensions that are greater than 0.25 of the wavelength (λ), or when the frequency increases, one moves away again from the ideal short circuit, now presenting the impedance of entering an inductive reactance. For half a wavelength, the input impedance is again a short circuit, which is hardly practical for the Present application case.

Just to complete the table, let's point out that the electrically shaped rod coupling element 21 conductor or equipped with an electrically conductive surface, could also be capacitively attached to the face bottom with reflector 3, which however is not desirable in The present case is not very advantageous.

To possibly fix the antenna system 1, which only has to slide, on the reflector, can be housed for example on the underside of the support equipment 15 a outgoing, which fits into the corresponding recess in the reflector, preferably penetrating it. In this way a simple abrupt closure can be achieved. To disassemble it, you must simply bend then the protrusion that encompasses behind the reflector, to lift the element antenna system again of coupling 1 with form of bar.

To functionally connect the emitter system, it is only necessary then to prepare for example a cable coaxial 31 at the end of coaxial cable 31a on the back of reflector 3 correspondingly, that is, for example by joining a section of the outer conductor 31b from which it has been removed correspondingly the insulation, for example electrically by welding with the conductive coupling element 21. He coaxial cable 31 may then be laid parallel to the rear face of the reflector and lie a stretch of the element rod-shaped coupling protruding from an opening radial or radial hole down on the back of the reflector up to this area of the projection in the form of step 21b and Be there electrically connected. The corresponding section that protrudes axially from inner conductor 31c can then welded down with a section of the inner conductor 37 prepared, which in the example of execution shown it is configured as a L inverted and so from above is inserted in the corresponding recess 21a of the bar-shaped coupling element 21 from its upper front face open coaxially with respect to the axis length of the coupling element 21. The final section 37a which causes the union with the opposite half-dipole 13, 11a of this inner conductor structure, then extends into the corresponding recess 39 that runs transversely in the structure of the dipole emitter and can then be connected in its free end electrogalvanically to a welding point. He welding point 38 is found in the example of execution of the Figure 4 on an upper shoulder 41a of a hollow cylinder 41 electrically conductive and closed frontally, which sits on another axial hole 41 of the support equipment 15 and with it is attached  electrically

The length of the support team and / or the length of the bar-shaped coupling element 21 is approximately λ / 4 ± 30% thereof, that is, approximately

\ lambda / 4 = (1 \ pm < 0.3)

being λ in each case a wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the center of the frequency band to be transmitted in each case.

As can be seen in the representation in section of figure 4, it is sized and arranged the cylinder 41 closed up at the front, which as a whole is electrically conductive, or at least includes sections electrically conductive such that its perimeter surface and upper front surface, as well as projecting pins 41a not are electrogalvanically linked to the dipole structure or the corresponding support team 15. Of course, it is linked electrogalvanically the hollow cylinder 41 in its lower face preferably by means of a collar 41c that goes around with the sheet reflective Since the length of this hollow cylinder 41 is preferably λ / 4 ± preferably <30% of this, this gives rise to the definitive part of the above Inner conductor 31c of the coaxial power cable is attached with the corresponding half-pole, that is, in the upper zone in the hollow cylinder 41 as a short circuit, which at the foot of the hollow cylinder to which it is electrically connected with the reflector 3, is transformed into an open circuit. Conversely, the structure also results in an open circuit in the upper end of the hollow cylinder is transformed into a Short circuit at the foot of the hollow cylinder.

Unlike the example of execution of the Figure 4, however, could be established at the welding point 38 also a direct electrogalvanic junction with the corresponding half-dipole, so unlike dipole 4 the corresponding half-pole is not connected through the inner conductor section 37 with the inner conductor 31 of the coaxial power cable capacitively and / or inductively, but directly electrogalvanic This is represented based on Figure 4a. There precisely the inner conductor section 37 is connected with its terminal section 37a directly to the inner connection end of the corresponding semi-pole 11a, that is, connected electrogalvanically for example by welding joint. But to achieve high symmetry, support 15 is provided below terminal section 37a also of a hole axial longitudinal, in which also in this exemplary embodiment the hollow cylinder or cylinder 41 is electrically housed conductor and who is in electrogalvanic contact on his foot with the reflector 3. This cylinder 41 is not otherwise in contact electrical by means of a metal junction bridge with the support fifteen.

In a dipole structure polarized dually according to figures 1 and 3, the structure, as described in based on the sectional representation of figure 4, is the same in another representation in section that is set in 90º perpendicular to the plane of the reflector, since in a structure polarized dipole are also provided four holes axial 15a in the support equipment 15, and precisely with two capacitive couplings of the outer conductor 29.

Based on figure 5 a variant is shown, a capacitive coupling of the conductor being provided here interior, in which a section of the inner conductor 37b is introduced in the hollow cylinder 41 open at the top and there it ends free. In other words, the section of the inner conductor 37, with its line section approximately with bar shape and driven through the coupling element gap 21 and the other section of upper line 37a that follows continuation that runs essentially parallel to the plane of the receiver, of a second section of the inner conductor 37b, which in a suitable length is introduced into the axial hole 41b of the equipment of support 15. The hollow cylinder 41 is then also not Electrogalvanically bonded with support equipment 15 electrically conductive, but it sits electrogalvanically attached only on reflector 3, whereby a circuit open at the upper end of the hollow cylinder 41 is transformed in a virtual short circuit at the foot of the hollow cylinder 41 and the reverse, a virtual short circuit at the upper end of the hollow cylinder is transformed into an open circuit on its foot in the reflector zone 3.

In the example of execution of Figure 6, shows, contrary to figure 1, that there the cable of coaxial feed 31 is lying in the axial hole of the hollow coupling element 21 from the rear of the reflector 3 through the hole 21a configured there. In this case the corresponding section from which the insulation at the end 31a of the coaxial cable, so the section of external conductor 31b that is there is connected by example at contact point 32 (contact ring 32) by example by welding directly to the upper end of the coupling element 21 shaped like a rod and shaped hollow cylinder electrogalvanically, and with it is attached.

An inner conductor section 31c protruding upwards, it is then electrically connected by a stirrup line 42 with the corresponding semi-pole 11a, 13 opposite, and precisely for example at a welding point 38 comparable with Figure 4 to a closed hollow cylinder system 41 Frontally planned there.

Based on Figure 7 it is simply shown that the possibility of electrical connection of the outer conductor in the upper end of the coupling element 21, described on the basis of Figure 6 is also possible when the inner conductor is in turn capacitively coupled with the opposite half-pole. For it is electrically connected the stirrup 42 mentioned with the corresponding inner conductor 37b, as described basically based on figure 5.

Figures 6 and 7 show, in addition to the coaxial power cable 31, another coaxial power cable  31 ', which in the exemplary embodiment shown according to figures 6 and 7 serves to feed both half-dipoles, which are they find perpendicular to the first half-dipoles. If used in other words the power cable 31 for power of the corresponding half-dipoles, which for example emit according to the  Figure 1 in the polarization plane 12a, then the cable serves 31 'coaxial power supply for half-plate power which are set at 90º, which according to the plane of 12b polarization emit or receive.

Finally it is also shown based on the figures 6 and 7 that the stop 21b mentioned in figures 4 and 5 in the bar-shaped coupling element 21 in the position of mounted does not have to extend along the rear face 3a of the reflector 3, but a stop 21b may be configured correspondingly oriented in reverse to the element of coupling 21 such that coupling element 21b can insert from above in hole 23 of reflector 3, until the stop 21b projecting radially in the perimetral direction or in parts in the perimeter direction, it hits the upper face 3b of reflector 3.

Next we will refer to the view schematic side according to figure 8 and in plan view according to Figure 9, which shows an emitting system 11 emitting only in a polarization plane, which is composed of a dipole 11 with two half-dipoles 11a and 11b diametrically opposed.

Based on figures 8 and 9 we will indicate respect only that the coupling described according to the invention, in particular capacitive and / or if necessary also inductive, also It is possible with a single dipole emitter.

The components with the same references relative to the preceding examples of execution, designate in this Sense pieces with the same functionality. In this sense, We refer to the preceding examples of execution.

Claims (24)

1. Battery of antennas with various systems emitters (11) similar to dipoles on a conductor reflector (3), with the following characteristics:

(to)

to the minus one emitter system (11) similar to dipole includes two half-dipoles (13; 11a, 11b) of a dipole, which are fed by a power line (31), as well as a support team (15) which supports these half-dipoles (13; 11a, 11b),

(b)

the Half dipoles (13; 11a, 11b) are attached and mounted on the equipment of support (15) on the reflector (3),

(C)

he support equipment (15) is electrically conductive, and

(d)

he support equipment (15) includes an axial hole (15a) inside associated with a half-dipole (13; 11a; 11b),

characterized by the following additional features:

(and)

on the reflector is provided in your front face (3b) a coupling element (21) associated with the axial hole (15a) conductive, bar-shaped, extending transversely with respect to the plane of the reflector, which is attached electrogalvanically with the reflector (3),

(F)

he support equipment (15) is placed with its axial hole (15a) on the coupling element (21) associated with a bar shape such that the support equipment (15) and the reflector (3) are coupled by a capacitive coupling (29) between the element of bar-shaped coupling (21) and axial hole (15a) associated, avoiding an electrogalvanic contact,

(g)

one of the half-dipoles (13; 11a) is fed through the coupling capacitive (29) between the associated coupling element (21) and the axial hole (15a) associated by a conductor (31b) of the line supply (31), which is electrogalvanically connected to the coupling element (21),

(h)

he another half-dipole (13; 11b) is fed through a conductor interior (31c), which is the other conductor (31c) of the line feeding (31) or that is connected with it and that runs through of an axial recess (21a) of the coupling element (21) associated with one of the half-dipoles (11a).

2. Antenna battery according to claim one, characterized in that the rod-shaped coupling element (21) housing the inner conductor (31c) is configured in a cylindrical shape. 3. Battery of antennas according to claim 2, characterized in that the rod-shaped coupling element (21) that houses the inner conductor (31c) is configured as a hollow cylinder. 4. Battery of antennas according to one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that axially aligned with the rod-shaped coupling element (21) that houses the inner conductor (31c), a hole (23) is made in the reflector (3), through which the coupling element (21) With the shape of a bar, the reflector (3) passes through a partial length. 5. Antenna battery according to claim 4, characterized in that in the coupling element (21) that houses the inner conductor (31c) there is a protruding projection or a step (21a) that goes around, whereby the rod-shaped coupling element (21) can be inserted a partial length through the hole (23) in the reflector (3) until a stop or the step (21a) is reached in the reflector (3). 6. Antenna battery according to claim 5, characterized in that the coupling element (21) housing the inner conductor (31c) can be inserted from the rear side (3a) of the reflector (3) or from the front side (3b) of the reflector (3) in the hole (23) , whereby the radially projecting stop or the step (21a) extends along the rear face (3a) or the front face (3b) of the reflector (3).

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7. Battery of antennas according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the capacitive coupling (29) includes air as dielectric. 8. Antenna battery according to claim 7, characterized in that a fixation of the emitter system (11) of which there is at least one, and of the corresponding support equipment (15), is carried out by means of an electrically non-conductive socket (22) that can be placed on the reflector (3), with what area or section that can be placed on the electrically non-conductive socket (22), oriented to the reflector (3), in particular the front face (15b) of the support equipment (15), is positioned in the figures (7a, 7b) in relative position without contact encompassing the rod-shaped coupling elements (21) in front of the reflector (3). 9. Battery of antennas according to one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that on the rod-shaped coupling element (21) that houses the inner conductor (31c) is placed an insulator (25) provided with an axial recess, on which it is placed by sliding the support equipment (15) with the corresponding axial hole (15a); (figs. 7a, 7b). 10. Antenna battery according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrically non-conductive socket (22) has on the side facing the reflector (3) an edge or flange (25a) that protrudes radially, at least in part, on which the support equipment (15) rests. 11. Antenna battery according to claim 9, characterized in that the length of the hollow insulator (25) is greater than the insertion depth with which the support equipment (15) of the emitting system (11), of which at least one exists, can be placed on the coupling element ( 21) such that the coupling element (21) collides with its stop which is on the opposite side of the reflector (3) in a stop that is oriented towards the reflector (3) in the emitter system (11), of those with at least one, or the corresponding support equipment (15), such that the support equipment (15) extends at least a short distance in front of the reflector plane (3) when it is mounted. 12. Battery of antennas according to claim 8, characterized in that the electrically non-conductive socket (22) is configured as a socket centering, which is fixed on the reflector (3) and which houses and maintains the support equipment (15) of the emitting system (11) centered, of which at less there is one, without electrical connection with the reflector (3). 13. Battery of antennas according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the supply line (31) is a coaxial cable, whose outer conductor (31b) is electrogalvanically connected to the lower end of the coupling element (21) provided with an axial recess, preferably by welding. 14. Antenna battery according to claim 13, characterized in that the outer conductor (31b) is electrogalvanically connected at the rear (3a) of the reflector (3) in the protruding section (21b) of the coupling element (21) at the rear of the reflector (3). 15. Battery of antennas according to one of the claims 13 or 14, characterized in that at the lower end of the coupling element (21) the inner conductor (31c) of the coaxial cable (31) is electrogalvanically connected, and precisely in a section of the inner conductor (37) that crosses the provided coupling element (21) of an axial recess. 16. Battery of antennas according to one of the claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the outer conductor (31b) of the coaxial cable (31) is electrogalvanically connected to the end of the coupling element (21) provided with an axial recess located away from the reflector (3), preferably by welding. 17. Antenna battery according to claim 13 or 16, characterized in that the inner conductor (31c) of the coaxial cable (31) is electrogalvanically connected with an electrical line connection at the end of the coupling element (21) that is remote from the reflector, through which an electrical connection can be established with the half-pole (13) opposite in each case. 18. Antenna battery according to claim 13 or 16, characterized in that the inner conductor (31c) of the coaxial cable (31) is electrogalvanically connected with the opposite half-pole in each case. 19. Battery of antennas according to one of the claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the support equipment includes inside a second axial hole (41b) that is associated with the other half-pole (11b); (figure 4). 20. Antenna battery according to claim 19, characterized in that an electrically conductive rod-shaped coupling element (41) is provided in the second axial hole (41b), which is electrogalvanically connected to the reflector (3). 21. Antenna battery according to claim 20 together with claim 13 or 16, characterized in that the coupling element is in the form of a hollow cylinder and a partial section (37b) of the inner conductor (31c) is introduced therein and ends there freely, whereby the inner conductor (31c) of the coaxial cable (31) is capacitively linked with the opposite half-dipole (figures 4-7). 22. Antenna battery according to claim 19, characterized in that the emitting system (11) similar to a dipole, of which there is at least one, includes a second dipole, which is offset by 90º with respect to one of the dipoles and of the same structure, with which a dipole structure is configured doubly polarized, in which four axial holes (15a) are provided in the support equipment (15), which are correspondingly associated with the four half-shells stripped at 90 °, being provided in at least two axial holes (15a) stripped at 90 ° of the supporting equipment (15) respective electrically conductive coupling elements (21) such that both dipoles are correspondingly fed by two power lines (31, 31 '), thereby forming a cruciform emitter system (11), at least in the electrical aspect (figures 1, 7e). 23. Antenna battery according to claim 22, characterized in that the respective electrically conductive coupling elements (21) are provided in the four axial holes (15a) provided by the support equipment (15) (Figure 7). 24. Antenna battery according to claim 21 or 23, characterized in that the structure of the emitting system, of which there is at least one, and of the support equipment, (15) is symmetric and for two dipoles (11a, 11b) in each case of a dipole a symmetrical structure is provided, while as each of the two half-dipoles (11a, 11b) has an associated axial hole associated in the support equipment (15), the coupling element (21) provided for capacitive coupling (29) being arranged in one of the axial holes and in the other respective axial hole parallel to the previous one another coupling element (41) in the form of a hollow cylinder provided for the capacitive coupling of the inner conductor (31c), into which a partial section (37b) of the conductor is introduced and terminated there interior (37c); (Figures 5, 7e).