ES2336259T3 - POLARIZED ANTENNA DUALLY WITH LONGITUDINAL OR TRANSVERSAL NERVES. - Google Patents

Abstract

The antenna has longitudinal and cross bars (9, 11) that are arranged in a reflector (3), where a radiator device (1) is arranged between the longitudinal bars. The polarization planes of the radiator device are aligned in a specified angle to longitudinal and transverse directions (5, 7) of the reflector. The longitudinal and/or the cross bars are length-variable in a direct or indirect manner by deviation and/or bending and/or deformation and curving. The longitudinal bars run in the longitudinal direction and the cross bars run in the cross direction.

Description

Dual polarized antenna with nerves Longitudinal or transversal.

The invention relates to a polarized antenna according to the preamble of claim 1.

In particular the antennas provided for a base station of a mobile phone installation include usually a reflector, for which multiple are provided emitting equipment laid out from each other in a vertical direction, for example dual polarized transmitters and / or patch emitters. These they can for example emit and receive in one or two polarizations perpendicular to each other. The emitting elements can then be configured to receive only in a band of frequencies The antenna configuration may however be also configured as a multiband antenna, for example to emit and / or receive in two frequency bands decayed from each other. Also known are the so-called tri-band antennas, as well as other multiband antennas that include other frequency bands.

Of the mobile phone antennas that they find in operation it is usually required that the elevation of the main issuing address is well in the horizon or slightly descending (for example up to 10 ° or 15th). In addition the width of the lobe in a section in the direction of elevation should usually be less than the width of the lobe in a section in the azimuthal direction. Therefore it is installed and usually designed a mobile phone antenna such that the Longer extension runs vertically. Lobe widths usual can be found for example in 45º, 65º, 90º, 120º, etc.

In addition, the mobile phone antennas of the current generation are set up such that their so-called angle down-tilt (tilt down) preferably it can be adjusted by modifying it by remote control. For the therefore, in other words the emission angle can be adjusted so general down in different orders of magnitude, so that modifies the corresponding mobile phone cell in which Make a broadcast.

An adjustment and a change of equipment adjustment phase shift by a control unit that can telemendarse and retrofit, has been known for example by the DE 101 04 564 C1.

However, in many cases it is desirable make a beam formation. This is the case on the one hand in terms of modification of the width of the lobe (especially in the direction horizontal or azimuthal and more rarely in vertical or elevation) and on the other hand also regarding the modification of the main issuing address (usually through an adjustment other than down-tilt angle or inclination towards below, but if necessary also by modifying the main emission address in the azimuthal direction).

A configuration of antennas with formation of modifiable beam, in particular also in the horizontal direction, it is known for example from WO 2005/015600 A1. According These known antennas, transmitters are fed with a distribution of variable power through phase decanters and a configuration hybrid, arranged in at least two columns. Through the cast the corresponding beam formation can be performed with different orientation in horizontal direction. Of course, the conformation of the mentioned beam is possible here only when use a battery (array) of antennas with at least two columns

An alternative possibility for shaping of the beam must also be considered for example known by the DE 103 36 072 A1. This is done using at least two emitting equipment, whose main axis is oriented to a certain angle of each other. Through a network can feed the emitters, of which there are at least two, with different intensity, with which depending on it through the angled configuration of both main lobes of both emitting equipment and through the power supply, a power can be achieved different orientation of the main issuing address.

Finally, a possibility of generating a beam formation basically by the WO 02/05383 A1. Using a battery of antennas with at at least three columns, in each of which is arranged at least a transmitter equipment, can be caused by feeding different from the issuing team that is in the center regarding to the emitting equipment that are outside, a certain beam formation.

Another team of antennas has been announced by example from US 5 469 181 A. The antenna shows a reflector with dipole emitters arranged in front of the reflector, which - with the usual vertical orientation of the reflector - They are then also oriented vertically. TO left and right of the reflector are provided, in different angular position with respect to the reflector, lateral nerves that can  fold, to influence the emission diagram by different adjustments of the lateral nerves.

A fairly similar antenna in this aspect is has also announced among others also the document US 2003/0184491 A1.

A dual polarized directional antenna is has also been disclosed by document EP 0 973 231 A2. In front of of a reflector are arranged in vertical mounting direction cruciform dipoles, whose polarization plane is oriented to a angle of + 45º or - 45º. In addition, they are provided on both sides. of the assembly line of the dipole squares, faced in each case, seated on the reflector, longitudinal nerves in section with angular form, that serve for the formation of the beam. These longitudinal nerves can move for formation of the beam in each case towards the dipole emitters or moving away from these.

A team of type creator antennas has been given also known from WO 98/36472 A1. This team of previously known antennas is made up of a configuration of dual polarized antennas with patch transmitters arranged stripped together at 90º, which are positioned in front of a reflector, being arranged on the longitudinal sides confronting the reflector first longitudinal nerves that lift in each case in front of the reflector and second nerves lengths that are arranged with different lateral offset Regarding issuers. These longitudinal nerves may be galvanically bonded to the surface of the reflector or be isolated from it. These nerves may be arranged in some execution examples running at a right angle to the plane of the reflector, as well as on the contrary to an angle that runs obliquely. Then it can be the same or different the orientation of the inclination of the longitudinal nerves. Market Stall that the orientation of the inclination of the longitudinal nerves It may also be different, presumably this angle too It can be set to a different value.

It is the task of the present invention to achieve a dual enhanced polarized antenna, in particular antenna mobile telephony, which through simple technical measures allows certain ranges a beam formation, for example in terms of a main emission address adjustable to different values and / or a different lobe width.

The task is solved within the framework of the invention. according to the characteristics indicated in claim 1. Advantageous improved configurations of the invention are indicated in the subordinate claims.

According to the present invention it is possible with simple means to make a beam formation, and precisely now in relation to a single issuer or a single group of issuers, it is that is, especially in relation to an antenna with emitting elements which for example are arranged only in a column or row.

The inconveniences that will eventually be present in the formation of the beam which in itself is advantageous because to a groove that forms between a longitudinal nerve and / or Transverse folding and reflector, are avoided or reduced in the framework of the invention covering or covering practically one such slot seen from the emitter by means of the longitudinal nerve additional or through the additional transverse nerve.

Beam formation can be performed with respect to the main propagation direction of the antenna (i.e. orientation of the main lobe) in the vertical direction and / or horizontal. The corresponding modification of the adjustment of the lobe width can also be performed in the vertical direction and / or horizontal.

Then the invention can be realized in its basic form with respect to a single dual polarized emitter,  for example in the form of a polarized dipole emitter dually (by example in the form of a dipole cross, a dipolar square or in shape of a so-called vector dipole, as it is known basically by document DE 198 60 121 A1) or in the form of a patch emitter polarized twice and / or using both types of issuer mentioned above.

The desired advantages to solve the task formulated can also be achieved in a dual polarized emitter or a dual polarized antenna whose emitters, emitting elements or groups of issuers can issue and / or receive in two polarizations perpendicular to each other, oriented at an angle of + 45º or -45º with respect to the vertical (and with it also with respect to to the horizontal).

The corresponding beam formations are no However equally possible when for example the antenna is extended at least to form a mono-column antenna, in which for example several emitting equipment are planned one on the other in direction vertical. However, the antenna can also be extended such that several emitting equipment is provided for example arranged next to each other only in the horizontal direction. Finally, however, a battery of antennas within the scope of the invention, precisely with several columns, which generally run vertically, arranged a next to each other (that is, lying bent against each other in the direction horizontal) in which several are provided in each case, it is say, at least two emitting equipment, for example in the form of dipole emitters polarized dually and / or in the form of emitters polarized patch twice.

In the antenna corresponding to the invention, part of its basic construction unit, of a configuration in the that at least one issuer or group of issuers is planned, precisely in front of a reflector. The reflector presents then a longitudinal direction and a transverse direction (by usually perpendicular to the longitudinal direction). Usually such antennas are located such that the longitudinal direction runs parallel to the vertical direction or is oriented essentially vertically, so the transverse direction is practically oriented in horizontal direction.

As is known, then rise from reflector longitudinal nerves (stretched longitudinal nerves respectively offset to the left and right of the sending equipment which is in the middle), which in the corresponding orientation vertical then run vertically or essentially in vertical. Alternatively and in addition they can be provided also transverse nerves protruding from the reflector (between which then the issuer is also arranged again, of at least one), which with the usual orientation of the antenna can then run horizontally or essentially in the horizontal direction. These longitudinal nerves and transverse can be provided on the outer edges of the reflector, but may also be positioned elsewhere in the reflector, precisely moving away from the outer edges arranged strips closer to the corresponding issuer.

The emitter itself is, as already mentioned, preferably oriented such that both polarization planes arranged perpendicularly to each other are arranged at an angle of ± 45 ° to the longitudinal or transverse ribs. In general, the emitters should be arranged such that they are preferably positioned at an angle of ± 45 ° or essentially ± 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs
you go out.

For example two longitudinal nerves provided opposite can be folded with respect to the reflector in different relative positions. Alternatively or additionally, it provide transverse nerves that can be adjusted around axes transversal in different relative positions. This way is possible that the corresponding longitudinal and / or transverse nerve runs away from the reflector so that it can be oriented on the one hand rather running towards the corresponding issuer or in another orientation position rather running away of the issuer or in an intermediate position, preferably any, between these extreme positions.

As it turns out according to the state of the art type creator, also part of the invention that the nerve longitudinal, of which there is at least one, or preferably in each case both longitudinal nerves and / or the transverse nerve, of the that there is at least one, or preferably both nerves transverse, be galvanically separated from the reflector Properly said. Due to the longitudinal nerves and / or transversal whose length can be modified, can be formed between the longitudinal or transverse nerve and the adjacent reflector a slot Thus they can be provided in the determined nerves recesses, for example recesses in the area of the shaft or of the bending zone, in particular when the axis or bending zone They are at a certain distance from the reflector. Electrical connection between fixed and mobile parts then presents the corresponding grooves or gaps. This slot gives rise, particularly when Dipole emitters are not oriented vertically, but horizontally or with a horizontal component in front of the reflector, that is, for example in polarized emitters that they are also oriented at an angle of + 45º or - 45º with respect to the vertical or horizontal respectively, to a modification, partly unwanted, of the emission diagram. Using additional longitudinal and / or transverse nerves preposed and / or postponed to the grooves from the point of view of The emitters are guaranteed directly within the framework of the invention a better formation of the diagram, since by these nerves longitudinal and / or transverse is practically covered or covered the groove. Then it can be provided between the nerves Folding and slot a "real slot". However, this groove can also be formed in this way in appearance electrical such that the lateral and / or longitudinal nerves folding be connected to the reflector for example by means of a film hinge, so here between the folding nerves and the reflector surface is electrically interrupted a layer conductive, so in this area there is only material dielectric.

The folding parts, in particular the nerves longitudinal or transverse, they can, at least partially, be capacitively coupled to the reflector (for example at along a small distance). A capacitive coupling can It is also possible if the reflector is equipped, for example, forming its axis of rotation, of a piece of inner conductor joined electrogalvanically and that can rotate, which fits in the corresponding piece of outer conductor, separated by a dielectric in the reflector. The length of this conductor piece inside is preferably approx. λ / 4, that is, a quarter of the wavelength of a frequency band at transmit (usually preferably corresponding to the center frequency of a frequency band). However, it can Think also of other capacitive applications.

In a preferred constructive form, they can control the corresponding two longitudinal nerves and / or transverse individually and / or independently or in pairs (if necessary also synchronously), in particular also adjust by remote control or manually such that both for example are oriented running along an axis of symmetry that runs longitudinally further to the left or on the contrary more to the right. In particular when using a remote control, it can also be configured so that it can retrofit later.

Finally, it is also possible in a way constructive preference orient for example the nerves longitudinal and / or transverse differently such that the free distance between them increases or decreases, that is, referred to the issuer that sits in the middle, the nerves Longitudinal or transverse are oriented in the direction of emission rather diverging or rather converging.

By folding rather parallel to left and right, the direction can be adjusted main of the lobe, and on the contrary by folding in opposite direction of the longitudinal or transverse nerves with a rather divergent orientation, the width of the lobe is reduced and for a rather convergent orientation the width of the lobe. This is possible not only for an individual issuer, but also for example for an antenna with transmitters that are only arranged in a column or only in a row.

The corresponding position modification it can be done for example by folding the nerves longitudinal and / or transverse, for example by means of rotation axes which are preferably configured in the transition between the plane of the reflector and the longitudinal nerves. These pivot axes They can also be shaped as bending shafts. These axes however, they can also be configured at a partial height of the lateral delimitation or found in a section of reflector, bringing a partial surface of the reflector is foldable at the same time with the lateral delimitations or transversal.

Finally, it is perfectly possible that by for example, by means of an adjustment device, deformation forces act, preferably elastic deformation forces, on the reflector and / or longitudinal or transversal delimitations and double the same, depending on the needs, elastically each of them so that they run with a component to choice with different intensity directed towards the corresponding issuer or away from it.

Basically it is known by the US document 5,710,569 When using an antenna configuration with movable lateral nerves. Of course, this publication previous only discloses a vertically polarized antenna which uses simple dipole emitters. With other words, no there is therefore no dual polarized configuration of antennas that work with two perpendicular polarizations between yes.

In addition, the plane of polarization of the emitters with simple polarization is oriented according to US document 5,710,569 A in parallel to the lateral nerves, and on the contrary in the dually polarized antenna according to the present invention, the polarization planes have, at least essentially, an angle 45º with respect to the lateral delimitations, that is, to the longitudinal nerves

Unlike US 5,710,569 A, it envisages within the framework of the solution corresponding to the invention perform through the different orientation of the delimitations longitudinal and / or transverse with respect to an emitter corresponding polarized dually in operation, a network optimization regarding polarization decoupling (co- / cross-polarization ratio, coefficient of copolarization / cross polarization). Within the framework of the different orientation of the longitudinal and / or transverse delimitation, can nevertheless also causing a change in relationships premises-results, and thus influence the interference. Finally, it has the corresponding solution to the invention also an impact on antenna gain, as well as over the width of the lobe. Above all it can be modified the width of the lobe with the corresponding vertical orientation of the antenna in horizontal and / or vertical direction and also modify or adjust the emission of the main lobe in the lifting direction (i.e. angle down-tilt or downward tilt), just like that in azimuthal direction. The dual polarized antenna corresponding to the invention is characterized above all also because polarization decoupling is preserved. The same enables operation with a high bandwidth, by example from 1710 to 2170 MHz or 806 to 960 MHz. Also in Other frequency bands the antenna is broadband. Especially high isolation can also be made between connections of the different polarizations of for example 25 dB, 30 dB, etc. Another essential advantage is the high resistance to intermodulation for systems with several carriers or systems broadband.

In a constructive way especially preferably, the corresponding configuration of antennas such that at least one column with several is provided emitters arranged in longitudinal direction next to each other or well one over another. If you have the reflector for example only longitudinal delimitations, then these may be also arranged in the different issuers or types of issuers to different lateral distance. Correspondingly it can be the reflector is also configured running with a different width in transverse direction. The same applies to the corresponding use of transverse boundaries only, when different emitters are arranged next to each other in direction cross.

When several emitters are arranged one next to each other in longitudinal and / or transverse direction, they are used preferably in each case longitudinal delimitations and / or transversal that are next to each other in pairs, to precisely cause the desired beam formation for each corresponding issuer or each issuer field, regardless of transmitter or adjacent transmitter field.

The longitudinal and / or transverse nerves they are preferably joined electrogalvanically directly with the reflector itself. If a configuration is used foldable or articulated non-electrically conductive, may remain established by a separate, electrogalvanic junction, a junction between the longitudinal or lateral nerves and the surface of the reflector itself. But a union is also possible capacitive to the reflector itself in relation to the longitudinal and / or transverse nerves. The aforementioned pieces of the lateral wall (i.e. longitudinal nerves and / or transverse) can also be electrically connected to each other, electrogalvanically separated or electrically bonded. The corresponding ones may also be constituted separately. longitudinal or transverse ribs for an emitter or a configuration of emitters and according to needs simply be mechanically joined in part. The dimensions of the nerves Longitudinal or transverse may be different in terms of length and height, and also in terms of its distance to the center of the corresponding issuer. The longitudinal and transverse nerves they do not have to be constituted by running straight in section, but they can be profiled in any way in wide ranges, for example be configured in the form of S, Z or L. In addition, the nerves may also be endowed, in particular the lateral nerves or moving parts, called slots passive, such as those that are basically known by the document EP 0 916 169 B1.

As already mentioned, they may be mechanically joined the folding parts with the reflector, by example using a mobile structure, for example in the form of elastic elements, thin conductive layers on a substrate of sheet or using flexible zones, for example a plate of partially flexible circuits. A capacitive coupling or line with the reflector can be made for example by two surface or line elements, presenting the equipment of coupling then also again preferably a length corresponding approximately to λ / 4 of the corresponding service wavelength (preferably of the central service wavelength).

Finally, the nerves may be formed longitudinal and / or transverse totally or partially also by a suitable dielectric material, being possible also here in wide ranges the corresponding beam formation.

The invention will be described below in detail based on examples of execution. In this regard they show in detail:

Figure 1: a schematic representation   in perspective of an antenna with a transmitter and with nerves longitudinal and / or transverse folding;

Figure 2: a schematic plan view on the example of execution of figure 1;

Figures 3a to 3e: section representations according to line III-III of figure 2 and reproduction of different possibilities of nerve folding longitudinal;

Figures 4a to 4e: section representations according to line III-III of figure 2 and reproduction of different possibilities of nerve folding transversal;

Figure 5: A schematic plan view on the antenna corresponding to the invention according to figure 1, leaving out the configuration of emitters with nerves longitudinal and / or transverse specifically configured;

Figure 6: a constructive way different from that in figure 5;

Figure 7: a representation simplified schematic of a specific folding possibility of a longitudinal nerve with respect to a reflector;

Figure 7a: a constructive way slightly different from the representation of figure 7;

Figure 7b: a constructive form again slightly different from that of figure 7a;

Figure 8: An example of execution different from that in figure 7;

Figure 9: a sectional representation longitudinal through the coaxial coupling, capacitive according to the figure 8;

Figure 10: a representation in perspective of a single column antenna with four devices emitters with an evolved constructive form in terms of longitudinal and / or transverse folding ribs;

Figure 11: a schematic view in longitudinal section of the exemplary embodiment of figure 10;

Figures 12 and 13: a side representation schematic comparable to those in figures 3b and 3d, but with a folding equipment configured or otherwise arranged;

Figure 14: another example of execution corresponding to the invention in schematic representation in perspective;

Figure 15: a sectional representation schematic longitudinal example of the execution of the figure 14;

Figure 15a: a schematic representation enlarged relative to an evolution with respect to that of figure 15, in the one that slots are made in the longitudinal nerves, to that when the longitudinal nerves are folded inwards, do not collide with the transverse nerves;

Figure 16: a schematic front view on a battery of antennas corresponding to the invention with two columns and in total eight emitting equipment;

Figure 16a: a representation corresponding to that of figure 16, but in representation schematic spatial;

Figure 17: A schematic front view about another example of running a battery of antennas with four emitting equipment, being arranged for the different emitting equipment lateral boundaries at different distances lateral to each other;

Figure 18: A spatial plan view on the example of execution of figure 17;

Figure 19: a sectional representation of another evolution, in which for example the longitudinal nerves they have other axes of rotation;

Figure 20: Another example of execution with four longitudinal nerves that run in each case with lateral offset in parallel longitudinal extension, being the internal longitudinal ribs in each case foldable and the fixed outer longitudinal nerves;

Figure 20a: a spatial representation schematic of the exemplary embodiment of Figure 20;

Figure 21: Another example of execution in schematic representation in comparable section with that of figure 20, in which both longitudinal nerves that they run on one side of the issuer, in each case in the direction longitudinal parallel to each other, can be folded individually and independently of each other, the longitudinal nerve bent outside inward;

Figure 22: a representation corresponding to that of figure 21, in which the nerves Interior longitudinals are bent over the reflector and the external longitudinal nerves move away from the reflector; Y

Figure 23: another comparable representation with that of figures 21 and 22, in which the longitudinal nerves,  in each case contiguous in pairs, which run in the direction longitudinal, they run towards each other for example seen from the reflector.

A first example will be described below. of execution of the invention with reference to figure 1 and the figure 2, showing figure 1 a schematic representation in perspective of a first example of execution corresponding to the invention of a dually polarized antenna and showing figure 2 a front view on the exemplary embodiment of figure 1. The antenna corresponding to the invention then includes a transmitter dual polarized and a emitter 1 polarized twice. To the in this respect it will be described based on figures 1 to 6 first only the basic structure of an antenna or a reflector with longitudinal and / or transverse nerves that can lead to different orientation positions, explaining the union of these longitudinal and / or transverse nerves in the direction of invention only later based on figures 7 to 9.

In the example of execution shown is composed of emitter equipment 1 polarized twice by a transmitter 1 ' of the dipole type, which it emits, that is, that it can send and receive in two planes P1 and P2 perpendicular to each other (which are therefore oriented at a 90º angle to each other - figure 2). Can be treated in this regard for example a cruciform dipole emitter or a dipole square. In the execution example shown, a called vector dipole, which is basically known by the document DE 198 60 121 A1.

The emitting device 1 polarized dually is located in front of a reflector 3. The reflector 3 is in the example Execution shown a flat reflector. However, the own reflector can also present a three-dimensional conformation, for example be bent around at least one shaped axis cylindrical or for example present a section of a curved shaped spherical, etc., or also be configured with another type of bent.

In the example of execution shown extends the reflector 3 essentially in two dimensions, with what remains defined a longitudinal extension 5 and a transverse extension 7. With the usual location of such an antenna, it would run through example the longitudinal extension 5 in the vertical direction or essentially in the vertical direction, so the extension transverse 7 is oriented horizontally or essentially  in horizontal direction. As can also be seen in the representation of the drawing in figure 2, both are oriented polarization planes P1 and P2 perpendicular to each other such that run at an angle of ± 45 ° to the direction longitudinal 5 and / or transverse direction 7, or at least They are oriented like this. With the corresponding orientation of an antenna or a battery of antennas in direction vertical or horizontal, this results in a so-called polarization in X, in which both polarization planes P1 and P2 are oriented to a angle of + 45º with respect to the vertical or the horizontal.

Essentially two nerves are provided longitudinal 9 parallel to the longitudinal extension 5, which they can be arranged on the bounding edge 3 'in the reflector 3. The longitudinal ribs 9 can, however, also move away of this edge 3 'of the reflector 3 on the emitter 1, being arranged stripped in front of the reflector. Therefore, the longitudinal nerves 9 are disposed decayed with each other in transverse direction and then house between them the sending equipment one.

Longitudinal nerves 9 rise in front of the reflector plane, being therefore oriented with the less a component transversely or preferably in perpendicular to the reflector 3, at least towards a section of the reflector 3a in a zone of the emitter 1 or in the zone of a base of the issuer, given the default case (in the case of a emitting equipment 1 polarized twice, for example at the base of the corresponding symmetry 1a).

In the example of execution shown they are also provided in the transverse direction 7 also two transverse ribs 11, arranged in longitudinal direction 5 Decayed each other and housing in the middle the sending equipment 1 polarized dually. The configuration and arrangement of transverse nerves 11 may be comparable to those of the Longitudinal nervous 9, but they don't have to be. Also they transverse nerves 11 may be arranged at the edge 3 'delimiter of reflector 3 or stripped away from it and willing closer to the sending team 1. Also these nerves transverse 11 are raised with at least one component, in the Execution example shown perpendicular to the plane of the reflector 3 or the corresponding section of reflector 3a in the area of the sending equipment 1.

The structure described is defined by both an antenna environment, that is, a transmitter environment 101 that for example it includes longitudinal lines 105 that run in parallel to each other and a couple of transversal lines in 90º 107 that run transversely in this regard, on which the aforementioned longitudinal crossings are arranged and transverse or longitudinal and transverse ribs 7, 9, being able to match these longitudinal and transverse lines 105, 107 also with the 3 'edge of the reflector 3, but not considering what to match, but for example they can be between the edge of the reflector 3 'and the corresponding emitter 1, running the lines longitudinal and transverse 105, 107 preferably in parallel to the 3 'edges of the reflector 3. The distance between the nerves longitudinal and transverse 9, 11, which partly below they will also be called longitudinal and transverse profiles or longitudinal and transversal delimitations or delimitations longitudinal and transverse sides, and the corresponding emitting equipment 1 in the antenna environment 101, is preferably of more than 0.3 λ and less than 1.2 λ, with λ being a wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the average wavelength of a band of frequencies to transmit

The emitting equipment 1 polarized dually emits, as mentioned, in two polarization planes P1, P2 perpendicular to each other, than in the example of execution shown they are arranged in an X-shape, that is, at an angle of + 45º or either - 45º with respect to the longitudinal or transverse nerves 9, 11, therefore not being oriented parallel to the nerves Longitudinal and / or transversal.

In the representation corresponding to the figure 3a a section representation is reproduced along the line III-III of figure 2. There you can see the basic orientation of the longitudinal nerves 9 referred to reflector or remaining reflector section 3a in the emitter zone 1 or well in the area of symmetry 1a, when it comes to a dual polarized dipole emitter, that is, in the position of usual heading preferably perpendicular to the plane of the receiver. Since in this starting position both nerves longitudinal 9 run parallel to each other (and then they are oriented perpendicularly to the reflector 3) is both longitudinal nerves are lying 9 with a distance longitudinal LA to each other.

However, it is expected directly that delimitations of the longitudinal sides 9 preferably can fold individually or in another form of configuration of the invention differently, also together.

Figure 3b shows in this regard that example the left and right side delimitation 9 can set in the same direction of adjustment, in the example of embodiment shown in figure 3b in a collapsed position in counterclockwise. If you start from that the corresponding antenna is usually located with the plane of the reflector in vertical direction or as an appendix in direction vertical, then results in cross-sectional representation that for such an orientation of the longitudinal nerves 9 the main lobe direction is no longer oriented perpendicular to the plane of the reflector 3, but in its direction azimuthal clockwise turned towards the right, that is, opposite the direction of rotation of the lateral delimitation 9 left and right. Only in special cases (in an extreme dimension, special combinations, certain resonance conditions, etc.) there may be a turn of the main direction of the lobe eventually in another direction.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 3c, performs an adjustment or abatement of the longitudinal nerves 5 in the clockwise direction, bringing the main lobe It is turned in the opposite direction.

In the execution example corresponding to the 3d figure, both longitudinal nerves are displaced towards away from the corresponding issuing team, so that Longitudinal nerves 9 are oriented diverging, viewed from the reflector This increases the free distance LA between the longitudinal nerves at the 9 'free end of the nerves longitudinal 9 opposite to reflector 1 with respect to position basic of figure 3a.

In the example of execution of figure 3e they are  oriented both longitudinal ribs 9 folded towards each other or running towards each other (converging), so that the LA free distance between the upper edge 9 'of the ribs Longitudinal 9 is reduced. In the last two cases cited you can generate a reduction or enlargement of the width of the lobe principal.

The transverse nerves 11 can for example adjust equally or alternatively individually or jointly, showing in section 4a a sectional representation according to IV-IV in Figure 2, in which the nerves transverse 11 are oriented essentially perpendicular to the plane of the reflector or reflector section in zone 3a of the emitting equipment 1. Then the transverse nerves can be folded down also again together in one of the directions or in the other direction (figures 4b, 4c). In addition, the transverse nerves 11 diverging from the reflector plane in the address of the issuer or converging (running one towards other); see figures 4d, 4e. However, it can also Orient or fold only one transverse nerve correspondingly differently, remaining by the opposite the other transverse nerve in its starting position usual according to figure 4a. Depending on the different setting, it also modifies again the free distance LA between the free ends 11 'of the transverse ribs 11 folded in common or differently, so that the free distance LA in the Figures 4a to 4c remain the same and in the divergent representation from figure 4d it gets bigger and in the representation convergent of the longitudinal ribs 11 according to figure 4e, it It makes smaller.

Let's basically point out that the antenna too it can be equipped only with longitudinal ribs 9 or only with transverse nerves 11, depending on whether it should be influenced and formed the beam only in the transverse direction or only in the direction longitudinal. In extreme situations you can for example also be provided only a single longitudinal nerve and / or only a single transverse nerve, that is, an asymmetric configuration in both insofar as only one side is provided with a longitudinal nerve or transverse and on the opposite side no nerve is made. However, if necessary, it can also be provided only in a longitudinal side or on a transverse side a longitudinal nerve or whose position can be modified, not by the opposite adjustable the opposite longitudinal or transverse nerve, provided on the other side of the sending equipment.

Based on the representations of figures 1 at 4e it can be seen that the longitudinal and transverse nerves  9, 11 end already before vertices 15 (figures 1 and 2), which represent vertices of reflector 3 well, or that result as intersection points of the axes or longitudinal lines or transverse 105, 107, which can be configured as axes or turning lines or for example bending 17 (figures 1 and 2). This offers the advantage that for example both the nerves longitudinal as well as transverse can be folded towards an emitter 1, at least in a sufficient adjustment range, preferably to an extreme maximum position, in which no collide with each other or in any case only in this final position They touch on their vertices.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 5 they are configured for example only the transverse ribs 11 with trapezoidal shape, so that the longitudinal nerves 9 can fold up to the evolution of non-parallel sides 11 'in the trapezoidal surface of the transverse nerves without Obstacles over an issuing team 1. In this constructive way the other nerves can therefore in each case, in this example running the longitudinal nerves 9, present a length which corresponds almost to the distance between the nerves trapezoidal transverse 11, or that is even longer. He Execution example may however also be the other way around, such that the longitudinal nerves are shaped trapezoidal and transverse nerves are shaped rectangular and equally can all longitudinal nerves and cross be configured with trapezoidal shape or present another different surface extension, non-rectangular. In Figure 5, as also in the following figure 6, is not has represented the corresponding issuer 1 for reasons of simplicity

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 6, the length of longitudinal nerves 9 is at least slightly less than the free distance LA between the transverse ribs 11, to be able to fold the longitudinal nerves at will not only outward, but also inward, made a sending team. This It is particularly favorable when, for example, they are not provided transverse nerves, or else the transverse nerves cannot modify their orientation at all or they can only fold towards outside.

So far it has only been shown that longitudinal and / or transverse nerves can be carried to a different orientation position, for example by knocking them down along lines 105, 107. These longitudinal lines and transversal can therefore be configured as axes of turn 17. However, the aforementioned longitudinal lines and transverse 105, 107 may also be configured as lines bending, not only to perform the corresponding position modification or a desired setting, but also to Keep them lasting. This can be ensured by suitable mechanical or electrical equipment that can be controlled (to be sued). In this sense it is understood under the concept "fold down" also a variation of the position by bending along the bending lines, with what under the concept "axis of rotation" is also understood as an "axis of bent".

Below and with reference to figures 7 and 9 will describe in detail how they are configured according to the invention the longitudinal and / or transverse nerves, or part of the same, within the framework of the execution examples described in the present application according to the other figures, that is, in particular galvanically separated from reflector 3 and / or capacitively linked with it, and how in particular in the area of the axis of rotation a groove that results between the longitudinal nerve and / or transverse folding or a folding part of the nerve is practically covered or covered by a longitudinal nerve and / or additional transverse that sits on the reflector.

Based on the example of execution of figure 7 it is shown that the longitudinal ribs 9 are suspended by example in rotation shafts 17, which are at least mechanically connected with reflector 1 proper. The axis of rotation 17 can be composed of a dielectric, that is, a non-material driver. Then a union per conductor could be provided 19 separate, electrically conductive, to join the nerves Electrogalvanically foldable with reflector 3, when desired in an individual case, unlike the invention.

A detail is shown in Figure 7 of reflector 3, provided for example with only longitudinal ribs 9. Only one longitudinal nerve 9 is shown deployed outward. The reflector 3 is for example joined by one of its edges longitudinal 3 'with conductive bushes 17a electrogalvanically and also mechanically running inserted through it a shaft tree 17 '. This shaft shaft 17 'can be composed of dielectric material. The longitudinal nerve 9 folding is fixedly connected with several bushings 17th lines laid in the longitudinal direction, at least mechanically, the tree is also inserted through them of the 17 'axis. In this way an axis of rotation is formed, so that example the longitudinal nerve 9 with the sleeve 17b mechanically attached that supports it and the axis 17 thus formed, can rotate with respect to reflector 3. The caps 17a and 17b mentioned, which serve as a fastener, they may be composed of material for example electrically conductive, in particular metal. In this case they are the same electrogalvanically connected to the reflector or the longitudinal nerve 9. If a galvanic separation is desired corresponding to the invention, a shaft body 17 'of dielectric material An electrogalvanic junction could be generated in this case - if desired - by a separate line 19, which for example it can be welded at its ends, through the which lateral longitudinal nerve 9 is attached electrogalvanically with reflector 3.

If a shaft shaft 17 of material is used electrically conductive, then they can be composed of bushes 17a, 17b that also serve as a turning equipment for non-electrically conductive material when, as desired in the framework of the invention, a separation should be provided electric

Based on figure 7a a deviation is shown and an evolution in the sense here, based on the reflector 3, a second longitudinal rib 9a is additionally provided slightly bent inwards with respect to the contiguous edge 3 ', which in the example of execution shown has a lower height to the foldable and / or adjustable rib 9, which in the execution example shown is out. By such additional nerves 9a (especially fixed) partly sized only with small size As for its height, it can be practically covered or covered slot 18 formed between the folding rib 9 and the reflector 3. The corresponding second transverse nerves 11a decayed towards the interior can also be provided for the nerves cross-sections 11 of variable length, not having been represented This in more detail in the drawings. In figure 7a it has been indicated in this sense only in parentheses, next to the reference 9a, reference 11a and next to reference 9 for the nerve longitudinal, reference 11, to indicate that reproduction in drawing according to figure 7a is similarly valid in the same way also for an additional transverse nerve 11a in front of a longitudinal nerve 11.

As can be seen in the representation in drawing of figure 7a, the height of the additional nerve 9a or 11a extending perpendicularly to the plane of the reflector 3, is much smaller than the width of the longitudinal nerves or transverse 9, 11 contiguous folding. Nerve height additional must be clearly smaller than the width of the longitudinal or transverse nerve 9, 11 contiguous foldable, such that also in the overturned position of this longitudinal nerve or transverse the outer edge that is located above nerve 9, 11 folding is still above the bounding edge upper fixed nerve 9a and 11a, respectively. At least seen since the emitting equipment with a dipole shape should still be effective the longitudinal and / or transverse nerve 9, 11 foldable, thereby only slot 18 is covered. Therefore, in the example of execution shown the height of the fixed nerve 9a, 11a has chosen such that it corresponds to less than half, in particular less than 40% or 30%, in particular 25%, of the width of the contiguous folding nerve 9, 11. In general, the fixed nerve height 9a, 11a such as seen from the emitter dipole the slot 18 behind it is covered or covered.

Based on Figure 7b, it is shown that additional longitudinal and / or transverse nerve 9a, 11a that is sits on the reflector, not only can be arranged seen from the emitting equipment in front of the longitudinal nerve and / or transverse 9, 11 foldable, but can also be arranged behind. This nerve provided additionally behind the nerve longitudinal and / or transverse and extending with a height lower, it is also designated with reference 9a and 11a, respectively. Finally one may also be willing additional nerve 9a or 11a seen from the sending equipment both in front as well as behind the folding nerve 9, 11, that is, to both sides of the folding nerve 9, 11, as seen in the figure 7b.

The structure mentioned above with nerve 9a and Additional 11a arranged alternately behind the nerves foldable and fixedly sits on the reflector or a embodiment with for example two additional ribs 9a, 11a of the cited type, among which a folding nerve sits 9, 11, it can be done in all the execution examples described within the framework of the invention and / or in variants related to the same, without reference to the text again in detail.

Based on Figure 8 it is shown that for example the reflector 3 on one of its longitudinal edges 3 ', is joined fixedly in a partial length with a cylinder 25 electrically conductor, with which an electrogalvanic junction is established between reflector 3 and cylinder 25. This cylinder has in the axially inner core a dielectric 27 with cylindrical shape (which can be seen above all in the sectional representation according to the  figure 9). In the internal longitudinal recess 29 is inserted an electrically conductive inner conductor 31, by which for example the longitudinal nerve 9 is mechanically held by one of its ends and electrogalvanically connected. The length of the inner conductor 31 is preferably λ / 4, it is that is, preferably it refers to the average frequency of a frequency band to transmit. This way it is done so both a capacitive axial coupling between reflector 3 and the longitudinal nerve 9. On the opposite side can be performed correspondingly the fixation, with which each nerve is subject  at least by means of two turning devices as indicated. Too the transverse nerves can be so capacitively linked with reflector 3. Through the inner conductor 31 of the junction capacitive is formed in this execution example then at the same time the axis of rotation 17.

In particular, the axis of turn 17 also as a bending line, around which you can adjust the orientation of the nerves by a proper mechanism longitudinal or transverse nerves or fold the same.

Below are several other examples. of execution, precisely based on a battery of antennas with a column within which for example several are arranged emitters 1 in the longitudinal direction (or for example in the direction transversal), in the exemplary embodiment shown precisely four emitters 1 polarized dually in the form of a call vector dipole

In a sectional representation according to the figure 10 in perspective representation and in figure 11 in lateral representation, it is shown that the axis of rotation 17 also it can be provided in a part of the height of the nerves Longitudinal or transversal. In a sectional representation according to figure 11 the rotation or bending axis 17 is provided distanced from the reflector plane 3.

In the exemplary embodiment according to figures 12 and 13 the rotation axis 17 is provided in the plane of the reflector 3 Properly said. There you can see how they can fall down example the longitudinal nerves 9 (but also also of the transverse nerves 11), while also reducing the sections 3 '' exterior of the reflector itself 3, since in this exemplary embodiment preferably the longitudinal ribs or transverse 9, 11 are fixedly connected with the outer section 3 '' of the reflector itself.

Unlike the example of execution shown, however the longitudinal or transverse nerves may be composed not only of electrically conductive material, usually a metal or sheet metal, but also for example by material electrical conductor coated, or by electrical conductor material of plastic. It is also possible to use material dielectric, in particular material with a dielectric constant especially high, which is also possible training of the beam in the sense explained.

Based on figure 14 it is now shown in view in perspective another example of antenna execution corresponding to the invention and in figure 15 a representation in longitudinal section. With an orientation usually vertical of reflector 3, this results in a column configuration with four emitting equipment 1 arranged one over another.

In the example of execution shown they are configured the longitudinal ribs 9 foldable around its axis of rotation, referred to its corresponding emitter 1 in each case, in a related way as longitudinal nerves 9 of a single piece. The longitudinal ribs 11 shown may be provided in this constructive way and for example not to be adjustable. However, it is also possible here that in this way constructive the transverse nerves can be folded together up or down or at least transverse nerves individual up or down, to perform here in particular other electrical characteristics related to the adjustment of the main lobes in the down-tilt direction (downward slope).

If for example the transverse nerves 11 do not they are adjustable, but the longitudinal nerves are 9 interns, and precisely not only out, but also towards in the direction of the sending equipment 1, then it can be It is advisable to provide perforations in the longitudinal nerves, example the so-called slot-shaped perforations or recesses 12, as can be seen in the representation of enlarged detail according to figure 15a. The longitudinal nerve left is then dejected out. The longitudinal nerve right 9 is folded inward, so in this case through the grooves that run transversely to the axis bending or turning 17 you get a space that can be crossed by the extreme areas of the transverse nerves. This example shows that even in this case the nerves transverse can reach the outer bounding edge 3 ' of the reflector.

In the exemplary embodiment according to figure 16, shows a battery of antennas with two columns in representation front schematic and in figure 16a in schematic representation in perspective, four columns being provided equally emitting equipment In this example of execution they are planned for each emitting equipment and each corresponding emitting field in each case two external longitudinal ribs adjustable separately as well as two corresponding transverse nerves. This is how they tend between two emitting equipment arranged horizontally or vertically, that is to say, between two emitting equipment arranged stripped together in the longitudinal direction or in the transverse direction, in each case two transverse nerves or two longitudinal nerves, which regarding the corresponding transmitter equipment can be adjusted regardless of the adjacent transmitter equipment, to perform the desired beam formation. In two emitters 1, 1 'arranged one next to each other in longitudinal direction 5 or in transverse direction 7, that is, in emitting fields or emitting environments 101 that are they find each other in longitudinal direction or transverse, they thus meet each other in each case two longitudinal or transverse nerves 9, 11 belonging to different emitters, and precisely in each case at a distance A avoidance, which offers enough space to displace these longitudinal or transverse nerves also outward, is that is, moving away from the corresponding sending equipment 1.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 17, in plan view, and in figure 18, in schematic representation in perspective, it is shown that for example they may be arranged the longitudinal nerves (this also applies to the transverse nerves) at a lateral distance different from those corresponding emitting equipment 1 (or its base or symmetry 4), with what the reflector 3 presents, at least for some of emitting equipment 1, a different width in direction transverse 7. At the end of the corresponding nerves longitudinal 9, they can be joined together by a short cross piece 11a. However, the nerves Longitudinal can also end up open, without such a piece of Union. The cross joint pieces must be configured in relation to the length of the longitudinal section such that longitudinal ribs 9 can preferably be adjusted towards in and out in its bending lines.

In addition, they show figures 17 and 18 that by example only for the most superior transmitter equipment are provided two transverse nerves 11, which if necessary are arranged fixed (that is, not adjustable) or that again can be oriented in common or independently of each other running towards the corresponding issuing team or moving away from it in the broadcast address

The described beam formation is performed in all execution examples always described in the field next, that is, in a range less than λ or at least 2 λ, 1.5 λ or less than 1.2 λ, being λ in turn the wavelength of a frequency band at transmit, preferably the average wavelength.

In the described folding pieces (nerves longitudinal and / or transverse), they are joined preferably - as described - galvanically with the reflector 3, by a flexible, conductive structure, by example elastic elements, thin conductive layer on a sheet substrate or by flexible zones for example of a at least partially flexible circuit board. The pieces folding can nevertheless also be coupled capacitively with reflector 3, for example along a small distance The capacitive coupling can then be again equally structured differently, for example through a capacitive, coaxial coupling.

From the example of execution described it follows that one or more dual polarized emitters may be provided, formed of the same constructive or constructive type different, being able to at least always one, and preferably at least always two longitudinal nerves or longitudinal profiles or either cross ribs or cross profiles that interact in pairs, down with respect to each other or one towards another or in parallel to each other, being able to move one after another, individually or synchronously, be electrically arranged connected or not electrically connected with the reflector, partially electrically bonded and partially not electrically bonded. The lateral and longitudinal ribs or profiles may be arranged separately from each other or at least partially attached each other, at least mechanically or also electrogalvanically joined together. The different pieces can be sized different in longitudinal direction, in transverse direction and in as for height and also the conformation of the nerves or profiles Longitudinal and / or transverse can be chosen differently, for achieve the desired advantageous effects.

In addition to the execution examples above, let's say that for example the side walls 9 folding can be taller, or lower than the walls separators or transversal 11 that run transversely with respect to the previous ones, as can also be seen in the representation of figure 18. The separating walls can also be set fixed, that is, motionless. If the transverse nerves 11 are comparatively long, may be provided in the longitudinal nerves 9 the corresponding recesses, to be able to lower them around its axis of folded, as basically results from the execution example according to figure 6.

Finally, let's point out that the issuers described in the different examples, particularly when on an antenna they are planned several issuers, can be controlled and operated individually. They can still be together however also several emitters electrically to form a group. In this Meaning there are no limitations.

Next we will refer to an example of run evolved according to figure 19, which is shown in section, compared to figures 3a to 3e (also valid also this for the sectional representation according to the figures 4a to 4e) than for example the longitudinal walls or nerves Longitudinal 9 can also be divided into two parts, including a first section 9.1 and a second section 9.2, which can fold relative to each other on a bending line or axis of turn or overturn 17 '. The stretch of longitudinal nerve or wall longitudinal 9.2 that is closest to reflector 3, can fold relatively relative to the reflector on the line of bent 17 already mentioned several times or the corresponding axis of rotation or overturning This piece 9.2 that is closest to the reflector can also, as described in others examples of execution, bending or for example, according to the example of execution of figures 12 and 13, fold, tip over or fold with a side section of the reflector itself.

For example can the nerve sections longitudinal 9.1 away from reflector 3, according to the representation of arrow 209, fold around its bending axis or I turn 17 ', if necessary even so much (in total in almost 360º), that this section of longitudinal nerve 9.1 is supported internally or outwardly on the other section of the longitudinal nerve 9.2 that is is closer to reflector 3, leaving the section with it upper longitudinal nerve 9 fully folded and with it without effect.

Also in these described execution examples it can be carried out in each case within the framework of the invention the axis of rotation 17 ', which can also be configured in the form of a bending axis, such that the longitudinal and / or transverse nerve is galvanically separated from the reflector and / or capacitively linked with the same. Also in this example the nerve must be arranged Additional longitudinal and / or transverse mentioned based on the Figure 7a for shielding a groove 18 in front of the axis of rotation 17. Basically then the axis of rotation 17 'can be configured as the same way as the axis of rotation 17 in the transition to the reflector, with which there is also a galvanic separation and / or a capacitive coupling between the upper and lower sections of the longitudinal nerve 9.1, 9.2. Also in this example it can be arranged the corresponding longitudinal or transverse rib 9a or well 11a between the emitting equipment and the outer bounding edge 3 ' such that the corresponding groove is between the lateral sections longitudinal upper and lower 9.1 and 9.2 almost covered or covered view from the sending equipment.

As explained several times, they can be oriented then both the longitudinal lateral section lower as well as upper 9.1 and 9.2 also in parallel each other, fold to the left or right, adjust running towards each other or diverging or also in a way different. Finally, the section could also be folded out 9.2 that is closest to the reflector such that it find in the extension of the plane of the reflector 3. Thus I would practically modify the width (or length) of the reflector, the longitudinal side section 9.2 being outside only as a solitary nerve, for example perpendicular or in general oriented at an angle to the reflector. But it could also fold this other section to the reflector plane out or inward, in order to modify the width (or length) of the reflector.

If section 9.2 bends inwards to the plane of the reflector, then a lateral section would result longitudinal 9.1, which could be folded perpendicular to the plane of the reflector or to the left or to the right in any amplitude.

The conditions described may apply. also also for the transverse nerves. Finally, the longitudinal and / or transverse nerves may also be divided not only in two, but also in several parts, with what several bending, turning or tipping axes are necessary preferably run in parallel.

Let's point out very basically that laterally together to an environment of antennas 101 does not have to be provided in each case only a continuous transverse or longitudinal wall, is say, a continuous transverse or longitudinal nerve, but here at least two or in each case several sections of longitudinal nerve and / or transverse nerve sections, which may individually adjust in position as to orientation.

In figure 20 another light one is reproduced modification in schematic section and in figure 20a in schematic representation in perspective. In this example of execution are folded nerves, for example nerves longitudinal, bent inwards from the outer edge 3 'of the reflector, with which the corresponding axes of rotation or bending lines 17 are closer to reflector 1.1 ' Properly said. Outside nerves are provided Longitudinal or transversal 309 fixed.

The heights of the outer ribs 309 as well as of the inner longitudinal ribs 9, can be chosen Same or different. The corresponding conditions may also be provided for the transverse nerves complementary or alternatively.

In the exemplary embodiment of Figure 21, the corresponding configuration of an antenna or a battery of antennas is shown in schematic representation in section, for example comparable to the sectional representation of Figure 3a, in which also of Again, two longitudinal ribs (or two transverse ribs) are provided on one side of the transmitter laterally spaced from each other. In this exemplary embodiment, the nerve 9 closest to the emitter, like the outermost rib 309, can preferably be folded without limits, in each case around an axis of rotation 17. Both longitudinal ribs (or transverse ribs) arranged parallel with each other with lateral offset, they can have any height. Preferably the lateral distance between the corresponding parallel longitudinal or transverse ribs is at least equal to or less than their corresponding height, with
what - as shown on the basis of figure 21 - the longitudinal nerve that sits outside (or in the case of figure 22 the inner longitudinal nerve) can be completely bent inwards or outwards on the reflector. However, the outer longitudinal rib 309 can also be completely bent outwards, for example, in the plane of the reflector 3, whereby the width of the reflector can be increased
(or the length).

However, in addition it could bend also completely the inner longitudinal nerve 9, with which practically both longitudinal nerves (or transverse nerves) They would no longer be effective.

Based on Figure 22 it is shown only that conversely the inner longitudinal nerve can bend by itself, and on the contrary the outer longitudinal nerve can be taken to any position that runs perpendicularly or at an angle to the plane of the reflector.

Finally, it is shown in addition in based on figure 23 that the nerves (inner nerves and outside) provided in each case by peers facing the team emitter 1 and preferably running parallel to each other, by example the inner longitudinal nerve 9 and the longitudinal nerve outside 309, one can also fold down at will with respect to another, that is, for example by running one towards another (as shown in figure 23) or running away from each other, or both to the left or to the right, and so on. We remit in this context to the basic possibilities of adjustment of the others Execution examples

Also in the latest execution examples described must be made within the scope of the invention the axis turn 17 so much for the nerve that it is rather in the inside as well as for the nerve that is rather in the outside, 9 and 309 respectively, such that the corresponding nerve is galvanically separated from the reflector and / or attached capacitively with this one, with what seen from the sending equipment an additional nerve 9a is arranged in front of the folding nerve 11a. This should almost cover or cover seen from the sending equipment the slot 18 formed between the folding rib 9 and the reflector.

Just to complete the table we mention that especially the use of double nerves according to the representations of figures 20 and following may also be advantageous when for example in the nerves that are more outside grooves are additionally provided.

Finally let's just mention that the teams 1, 1 'emitters can operate as in the types of known antennas.  The corresponding reflector settings can be performed on both a monoband antenna, a dual band antenna, as well as in a multiband antenna. If used in several issuers in particular, then the themselves electrically to form a group.

Claims (43)

1. Dual polarized antenna with at least one emitting equipment (1, 1 ') polarized dually in the form of at least one dipole emitter or at least one patch emitter, with the following features:

-

with a reflector (3),

-

he reflector (3) has a longitudinal direction (5) and a cross direction (7),

-

at reflector (3) at least two longitudinal ribs are provided (9), which run in the longitudinal direction or with its component larger in longitudinal direction (5), arranged offset between yes in transverse direction (7), the emitting equipment being arranged (1, 1 ') between the longitudinal nerves (9),

I

-

at reflector (3) at least two transverse ribs are provided (11) that run in the transverse direction or with its component plus large in transverse direction (7), arranged stripped together in the longitudinal direction (5), the emitting equipment being arranged (1, 1 ') between the transverse nerves (11),

-

he reflector (3) is with respect to the longitudinal ribs (9), of the that there are at least two, and / or with respect to the transverse nerves (11), of which there are at least two, galvanically separated and / or attached capacitively with them,

-

viewed from the sending equipment, it is planned in front of or behind at least one of the longitudinal and / or transverse nerves (9, 11) to less an additional longitudinal or transverse nerve (9a, 11a),

-

to the at least one of the longitudinal nerves (9) and / or at least one of the transverse nerves (11) can modify its direct position or indirectly collapsing around a longitudinal axis or transverse (105, 107), and

-

he additional longitudinal nerve, of which there is at least one, and / or of the additional transverse nerve, of which there is at least one, (9a, 11a), are willing

to)

between the emitting equipment and the longitudinal nerve and / or transverse (9, 11) folding, of which there is at least one or good

b)

seen from the sending team, behind the nerve longitudinal and / or transverse (9, 11) foldable, of which at least there is one,

characterized by the following additional features:

-

between the reflector (3) and the longitudinal nerve (9) that can vary from position and of which there is at least one and / or the transverse nerve (11) which may vary in position and of which there is at least one, a groove (18) is formed,

-

through the longitudinal nerve additional (9a), of which there is at least one, and / or through the nerve additional transverse (11a), of which there is at least one, the groove (18) is almost covered or covered seen from the equipment transmitter.

2. Antenna according to claim 1, characterized in that two longitudinal ribs (9) and / or two transverse ribs (11) are provided with the emitting equipment (1, 1 ') located between them and because in relation to both longitudinal ribs (9) and / or both transverse ribs ( 11), at least one additional longitudinal nerve and / or an additional transverse nerve (9a, 11a) is provided in each case. 3. Antenna according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the additional longitudinal nerve (9a) or the corresponding transverse nerve (11a) are disposed inwardly towards the contiguous edge (3 ') of the reflector (3). 4. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the additional longitudinal nerve (9a) and / or the additional transverse nerve (11a) has a height less than the longitudinal nerve (9) and the transverse nerve (11), respectively, located more outside or more inside, which can bending and / or bending, or the additional longitudinal nerve (9a) and / or the additional transverse nerve (11a) has a height less than the width or height of the longitudinal and / or transverse nerve (9, 11) contiguous, the height of the additional longitudinal and / or transverse nerve (9a, 11a) preferably less than 50%, in particular less than 40% or 30% of the width of the adjacent longitudinal or transverse nerve (9, 11). 5. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that at least one pair and preferably at least one pair of longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) provided in relation to the emitting equipment (1, 1 '), can be folded in the same direction. 6. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that at least one pair and preferably at least one pair of longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) provided in relation to an emitting equipment (1, 1 '), can be folded towards each other. 7. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that at least one pair and preferably at least one pair of longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) provided in relation to an emitting equipment (1, 1 '), can be folded away from each other. 8. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bending or turning axis (17) runs parallel to the longitudinal ribs (9). 9. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the axis of rotation (17) runs parallel to the transverse ribs (11). 10. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that in each case two longitudinal (9) and / or transverse ribs (11) that interact with respect to an emitting equipment (1, 1 ') can fold towards each other such that the free distance (LA) of the ends (9' , 11 ') that are far from the reflector (3) of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) is greater than in a basic position, in which the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) are oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the reflector (3), or to an area of the reflector (3a) in the immediate proximity of the emitting equipment (1, 1 '). 11. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterized in that in each case two longitudinal (9) and / or transverse ribs (11) that interact with respect to an emitting equipment (1, 1 ') can be folded away from each other such that the free distance (LA) of the ends (9 ', 11') that are away from the reflector (3) of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) is inferior to a basic position where the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) are oriented perpendicularly to the plane of the reflector (3) or to an area of the reflector (3a) in the immediate proximity of the emitting equipment
(eleven'). 12. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to eleven, characterized in that the axis of rotation (17) is arranged at a partial height at a certain distance from the plane of the reflector (3), preferably parallel to the plane of the reflector (3) or an area of the reflector (3a) in the vicinity of the emitting equipment (1, 1 '). 13. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the axis of rotation (17) is offset with respect to the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11), preferably in the plane of the reflector (3). 14. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterized in that a section of the reflector (3 '') can be folded with the corresponding longitudinal and / or transverse rib (9, 11) around the axis of rotation (17). 15. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that the longitudinal dimension of the longitudinal ribs (9) corresponds to the longitudinal dimension of the transverse ribs (11). 16. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to fifteen, characterized in that the longitudinal ribs (9) and the transverse ribs (11) provided on both sides of an emitter configuration (1, 1 ') form an emitter environment (101), the corresponding reflector (3) protruding from the corresponding protruding emitting equipment (1, 1 ') on the longitudinal nerves (9) and / or the transverse nerves (11). 17. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the length of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) is greater than the distance between the centers of two adjacent emitting equipment (1, 1 '). 18. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) are configured in lateral view with a rectangular or trapezoidal or polygonal shape of n sides or with a shape that approximates the previous ones. 19. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterized in that the length of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) is shorter than the free distance between two transverse ribs (11) or longitudinal ribs (9) belonging to an emitting equipment (1, 1 '). 20. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterized in that at least the longitudinal ribs or the transverse ribs (9, 11) are interrupted and in the spacing space thus formed run through two longitudinal or transverse ribs (9, 11) the transverse or longitudinal ribs (11, 9 ). 21. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to twenty, characterized in that in the longitudinal and / or transverse direction (5, 7) at least two and preferably several emitting equipment (1, 1 ') are arranged spaced apart forming a battery of single-column or single-row antennas or preferably forming a battery of antennas that includes several columns and rows. 22. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to twenty-one, characterized in that at least some longitudinal ribs (9) or at least some transverse ribs (11) are provided relative to an antenna that includes several emitting equipment (1, 1 '), in a length that is greater than the distance between the centers of two transmitting equipment (1, 1 ') contiguous. 23. Antenna according to claim 21 or 22, characterized in that the distance between two longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) relative to an emitter (1, 1 ') is different with respect to various emitter (1, 1') of an antenna. 24. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to  2. 3, characterized in that at least in some longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) grooves are provided which run preferably parallel to the reflector (3) or preferably parallel to a zone of the reflector (3a) in the vicinity of the corresponding emitting equipment ( 1, 1 '), in particular passive grooves. 25. Antenna according to one of claims 1 or 24, characterized in that at least some of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) are capacitively connected with the reflector (3). 26. Antenna according to claim 25, characterized in that the capacitive coupling of at least one longitudinal and / or transverse nerve (9, 11) is carried out by means of a capacitive coaxial coupling such that the reflector (3) or a longitudinal / transverse nerve (9, 11) is connected with a socket electrically conductive outer and because the corresponding longitudinal or transverse rib (9, 11) or the reflector (3) is electrogalvanically connected with an inner conductor (31) distanced from it, the inner conductor (31) being held by a dielectric (29) ) provided inside the coaxial outer conductor. 27. Antenna according to claim 26, characterized in that the coaxial capacitive coupling has a length of λ / 4, with λ being a wavelength of a frequency band to be transmitted, preferably the average wavelength of the frequency band to be transmitted. 28. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 27, characterized in that at least one longitudinal rib and / or a transverse rib (9, 11) is connected by a dielectric rotating body, which forms a rotation axis (17), mechanically with the reflector (3). 29. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 28, characterized in that the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) are at least partially conductive and / or are composed, at least partially, of dielectric material. 30. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 29, characterized in that the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) or at least a part of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) are profiled in section, preferably having an S-shaped, Z-shaped or L. 31. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 30, characterized in that the parts of the antenna that can rotate, in particular the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11), have or include elastic elements, thin conductive layers, preferably on a sheet substrate or circuit boards or sections of partially flexible circuit boards. 32. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 31, characterized in that at least several longitudinal ribs (9) relative to a given emitting equipment (1, 1 ') and / or at least some transverse ribs (11) relative to different emitting equipment (1, 1') are mechanically coupled together, preferably electrically. 33. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 32, characterized in that the adjustment can be carried out manually or by means of a drive or control device. 34. Antenna according to claim 32, characterized in that the modification of the position of the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) can be telemanded, preferably. 35. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 3. 4, characterized in that at least one longitudinal nerve (9), and / or at least one transverse nerve (11), have different heights throughout its length of extension or at least have a different height than that of another longitudinal and / or transverse nerve ( 9, 11). 36. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 35, characterized in that the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) are divided into at least two parts, preferably in their longitudinal direction, resulting in at least two sections of longitudinal nerve (9.1, 9.2) or two sections of transverse nerve , which may vary from relative position to each other around at least one axis of bending or turning (17 ') provided between them and of position with respect to the reflector (3) and around another axis of bending or turning (17). 37. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 36, characterized in that the longitudinal rib (9) and / or the transverse rib (11) can bend to the plane of the reflector (3), increasing by means of the bending and / or turning axis (17) arranged in the outer delimitation (3 ' ) of the reflector (3), when the longitudinal and / or transverse rib (9, 11) is folded out, the surface of the reflector (3). 38. Antenna according to claim 36, characterized in that at least the section (9.2) of the longitudinal or transverse rib (9, 11) that is closest to the reflector (3) can be folded up to the plane of the reflector (3) inward or extending outward. 39. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 38, characterized in that in the longitudinal direction and / or in the transverse direction (5, 7) there are provided at least two longitudinal ribs (9, 309) and / or transverse ribs (11) arranged with lateral offset between them, of which at least the inner or outer longitudinal nerve (9, 309) and / or the inner or outer transverse nerve (11) can bend or fold around an axis of rotation or in itself. 40. Antenna according to claim 39, characterized in that in each case both longitudinal ribs (9, 309) and / or transverse ribs (11) provided with lateral offset to one side of the emitting equipment (1, 1 ') can be folded and / or folded around a bending line or axis of rotation (17) or of itself, precisely such that the longitudinal ribs (9, 309) and / or the transverse ribs (11) are bent in parallel with each other, running towards each other or moving away from each other to the plane of the reflector (3). 41. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 40, characterized in that in the longitudinal and / or transverse ribs (9, 11) recesses or grooves (12) are made, which are sized such that with the corresponding folding of the longitudinal or transverse ribs (9, 11) towards the emitting equipment (1, 1 ') and with it towards the transverse and / or longitudinal ribs (9, 11) that run transversely in this respect, these are introduced or protruded at least partially with their corresponding final section in these recesses or grooves (12). 42. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 41, characterized in that the axis of rotation (17, 17 ') is configured as a hinge or articulation tipping axis or as a bending axis, around which a longitudinal and / or transverse rib (5, 7) can be folded. 43. Antenna according to one of claims 1 to 42, characterized in that the polarization planes of the emitting equipment (1) are oriented at an angle of + 45 ° or - 45 ° with respect to the longitudinal or transverse direction of the reflector (3). The sending equipment is almost covered or covered.