ES2302654A1 - System for the construction of wood buildings - Google Patents

Abstract

System for the construction of one- or multi-story wood buildings using panels (1, 2, 3 and 4) comprising coplanar vertical deals (5), abut by their vertical edges and coupled by tension bars (8) inserted through borings (7) of the deals (5) between their vertical edges. The horizontal union of the laterally abut panels (1-2 and 3-4) is achieved through tension bars (8). The vertical union between overlapping coplanar panels and between these panels and the roofing and foundation structure is carried out by union elements which are concealed in the panels and which include female profiles (14-14'), intermediate male profiles (15) and end male profiles (16).

Description

Building construction system wood.

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to a system of  construction of wooden buildings, of one or more floors, to wooden panel base consisting of plank groupings solid wood, arranged vertically, attached by its edges vertical and joined by horizontal tension bars introduced through aligned holes presenting the planks between its vertical edges.

Background of the invention

In ES 2151433 a modular system is described of integral construction of solid wood buildings, of a or more plants, based on the use of modules or panels that are repeated on floor slabs, walls and roof. These modules or panels are constituted by groupings of planks vertical, which are attached by their vertical edges, in which They have tongue and groove means. The boards go together by horizontal tension bars, housed in drills aligned showing the planks between their vertical edges, and through horizontal profiles that embrace the transverse edges of the boards.

The lateral union between modules located equally height is made using the tension bars, for which you are bars protrude from the vertical edges of the modules in portions that are introduced through opposite holes of the adjacent modules, to which they are fixed by nuts.

The vertical union between modules or panels overlapping coplanar and between panels and the structure of the Forged, roof and foundation, is done by welding the horizontal profiles that embrace the transverse edges of the boards, either with each other or with other metal profiles.

The vertical joint system requires welding work, which lengthens the execution times and they suppose an increase of the work.

On the other hand, the horizontal profiles that they embrace the transverse edges of the planks constitute a thermal transmission bridge between the interior and exterior of the edification.

Welding of profiles horizontal that embrace the transverse edges of the planks makes the building can not be later disassembled, or at least with ease and full use of its components.

The horizontal profiles that embrace the edges  Transverse planks are visible on the surfaces of the construction, which breaks the continuity of the wood, altering the vision or appearance of said surfaces.

Description of the invention

The present invention is intended to eliminate the exposed problems, through a construction system of buildings based on modules or panels of the type described above, in which the union between coplanar panels, both horizontally as in vertical, and the union of said panels with the structure of cover and foundation, be carried out without welding, through simple and fast joining systems that allow reducing Assembly times

In the construction system of the invention the mechanical elements or fittings that become part of the panels and the union thereof, are hidden within the panels themselves, so that the bridges are removed thermal.

In addition the use of hidden fittings for the joints give visual continuity to the surfaces of the woods involved in the construction

On the other hand, the joints between panels and between  these and the cover and foundation, can be disassembled easily, which allows the disassembly of the building, in case wanted.

A further advantage of the system of the invention is that wood insulation is achieved, with respect to the foundation, which prevents moisture absorption, maintaining dry the seats of the panels, avoiding rotting and mushroom settlement, all of which entails distancing periods of maintenance and extend the life of the building.

Another advantage of the construction system of the Invention is its versatility. Thanks to the different profiles of planks that can be used, constructions can be achieved in that the walls and / or partitions form different angles.

The construction system of the invention is intended for the construction of buildings with one or more floors, by wood panels, of known constitution, composed of solid wood vertical plank base, attached by its vertical edges, whose vertical edges have tongue and groove conformations. The boards are joined by tension bars that run horizontally through holes horizontal lines that cross the planks between their edges vertical These bars have threaded end sections for its tightening. Horizontal joining between panels is carried out using these tension bars and nuts, in a known way.

According to the invention, the union between overlapping coplanar panels and between panels and the structure of the cover and foundation, is carried out by means of union that remain hidden in the panels, so that they do not break the wood continuity in construction. The elements of union cited include female profiles, intermediate male profiles and extreme male profiles.

The female profiles are embedded in central longitudinal conformations presented by the panels in its longitudinal edges, leading to said profiles in the vertical edges of the panels.

The aforementioned longitudinal conformations they consist of channels that are obtained by means of a groove central that presents each plank in its transverse edges and that runs between its vertical edges. When attaching all the boards of a panel for its vertical edges, the grooves of the planks will be aligned to define the channels in which they are going Sausages female profiles. These female profiles are from corrugated structure and present section coinciding with the grooves, cup-shaped, with a strangulation in the mouth and an inner section of greater width.

The intermediate male profiles, which enter be part of the elements of union, serve as means of union  between overlapping coplanar panels and are mounted between faced female profiles of said coplanar panels overlays For this, these intermediate male profiles have a flat intermediate soul, of thickness and height coinciding with the of the strangulations of the faced female profiles, to stay in these strangulations, and two longitudinal heads wider ends that are housed in the inner section of wider width of female profiles facing each other.

The extreme male profiles, meanwhile, they serve as a means of joining between panels and the structure of cover or foundation and are mounted on the female profiles faced with said roof or foundation structure.

The extreme male profiles that serve as joining means between panels and roof structure have a flat soul of the same thickness as the throttling of the profiles female, but of greater height, and a longitudinal head of greater width, which is housed in the cavity of the widest section of Female profiles The soul of the male profile stands out from the profile female in a section that is inserted into a facet slot a sleeping belt of the roof structure.

As for the extreme male profiles that they serve as a means of joining between panels and foundations, present a flat soul, of thickness and height coinciding with those of the strangulation of the corresponding female profile, to stay in it, and a longitudinal head of greater width, which it lodges in the inner section of greater width of the same female profile. The soul of this male profile protrudes longitudinally from the strangulation of the female profile in a portion that forms a cross support plate on the foundation.

With the described conformations of the channels of the panels, of the female and male profiles, the relative transverse displacement between said profiles, once coupled, which will be carried out by sliding, entering the female profiles from one end of the channels of the panels and male profiles through one of the ends of the female profiles

According to a preferred embodiment, the walls of the female profiles extend, from their edges longitudinal, on wings that are bent at right angles to the outside, located in the same plane. These wings rest on the transverse edge of the planks, on either side of the central groove. In addition these wings can be finished off in an extreme longitudinal flange, bent back at an angle straight. The boards, for their part, will present in their songs transverse, on either side of the longitudinal mouth of the grooves, recesses coinciding with the dimensioning of the extreme wings and tabs of the female profiles, so that these wings do not protrude from the surface of the edges cross sections of the boards.

The recesses of the transverse edges of the planks, at least in part of them, may be externally limited by a small protrusion that protrudes from the wings of the female profiles. This conformation can be useful, for example, in the lower edges of the boards that support with the foundation and for a perfect coupling between panels overlapping coplanaries.

The transverse plates, supporting the extreme male profiles, which serve as a means of joining between panels and foundations, may include an intermediate zone of seat, equipped with its external surface of grooves longitudinal, and of an extreme zone of anchorage, with holes for the passage of fixing screws. The grooves cited They can serve as a means to prevent the rise of water.

Brief description of the drawings

The attached drawings show an example of  realization, whose detailed description can be understood better features and advantages of the system invention.

In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows in elevation a portion of wall composed of four coplanar panels, aligned and overlapping two to two.

Figures 2 and 3 are horizontal sections of a wall, taken according to the cut lines II-II and III-III of Figure 1, respectively, at higher scale, showing the horizontal union between panels.

Figure 4 is a vertical section of two overlapping coplanar panels, taken according to the cutting line IV-IV of Figure 1, on a larger scale.

Figure 5 shows in perspective one of the wooden panels that become part of the wall portion of figure 1.

Figure 6 shows in partial vertical section a two-story building, built with the system of the invention.

Figure 7 is a cross section of the female profile

Figure 8 is a cross section of the intermediate male profile.

Figure 9 is a cross section of the extreme male profile, for joining between panels and structure cover.

Figure 10 is a cross section of the Extreme male profile, for joining panels and foundations.

Figure 11 is a vertical section of one of the boards that form the panels.

Figure 12 is a partial vertical section of the junction between wooden panels and deck, taken according to the line of section XIII-XIII of figure 6.

Figure 13 shows in perspective the elements involved in the union between wooden panels and foundation.

Figure 14 shows in perspective the elements involved in the vertical connection between panels overlapping coplanaries.

Figure 15 shows in perspective the elements involved in the union between panels and cover.

Figure 16 shows in plan an example of orthogonal encounter between two walls, built with the system of the invention.

Figures 17 and 18 are views similar to the Figure 7, showing possible variants of execution.

A wall portion is shown in Figure 1 composed of four coplanar panels that are referenced with the numbers 1, 2, 3 and 4, aligned and superimposed two by two.

Each of these panels is composed, as It can best be seen in Figure 5, by vertical planks of solid wood that are referenced with the number 5 and that are attached for their vertical edges, in which they have conformations of tongue and groove 6, as can be seen in Figures 2 and 3.

The planks 5 have horizontal drills 7, which run between their vertical edges and remain aligned on each panel to receive tension bars 8 that protrude from the vertical edges of the panels in sections threads into which tightening nuts 9, figures 2 and 3.

The horizontal union between panels located at equal height, such as panels 3 and 4, is carried out at  Through these bars. For this, the tension bars 8 of the panels extend beyond the tightening nut 9 in a section 8 'which is introduced through a horizontal hole 7' of the adjacent end plank 5 of panel 4, until a cavity is reached 10, accessible through a front mouth 11, through which can be introduced a fixing nut 12.

Both the constitution of the panels and the horizontal joining form thereof, described above, They correspond to already known systems.

In the panel assembly scheme of the figure 1, panels 3 and 4 may correspond to the ground floor of a construction, while panels 1 and 2 may correspond to an upper floor

The vertical union between coplanar panels superimposed, for example between panels 1 and 3 and between panels 2 and 4, is carried out by means of joining elements that they remain hidden in the panels, as can be seen in the figure 4. These joining elements include female profiles 14, which are shown in figure 7 and intermediate male profiles 15, which shown in figure 8.

Female profiles 14 are embedded in central longitudinal conformations presenting the panels in its longitudinal edges and leading to vertical edges thereof.

These conformations are constituted by central channels 17 presenting the planks 5 in their edges transversal and leading to vertical edges, as shown in figure 11.

As best seen in Figure 4, the grooves 17, and female profiles 14 have sections matching, cup-shaped, which determine in the grooves 17, figure 11, a choke 18 at the mouth and a internal section 19 of greater section, while in profiles female 14, figure 7, determine a throttling 20 of walls parallel and close to each other and a section 21 of greater section, corresponding the external section of the throttle 20 of the section 21 with the internal of the choke 18 and internal portion 19 of the channels 17.

Thus, the female profiles 14 are introduced into the conformations of the panels defined by the channels 17 through one of the ends thereof, by sliding, the female profile 14 being prevented from transverse displacement with respect to channels 17.

The intermediate male elements 15, as best it can be seen in figure 8, they comprise a flat soul 22 topped off at 23 wider heads. The soul 22 is of height and width equal to the strangulation of the 14 female profiles facing two coplanar panels overlays, such as panels 2 and 4, figures 1 and 4. On the other hand the extreme heads 23, which are wider than the soul 22, will be sized to stay in the cavity of the section 21 of the female profiles 14, of greater width.

With the constitution described, the male profile intermediate 15 will have to be entered in female profiles 14 facing two overlapping panels by sliding, introducing them through the mouths of said profiles female in one of the vertical edges of the panels and once housed inside female profiles, as shown in Figure 4, panels 2 and 4 will be prevented from separation, thus serving intermediate male profiles 15 and profiles female 14 as connecting elements between coplanar panels overlays

The system of the invention also includes 16 and 16 'end male profiles that serve as a means of attachment between panels and the roof and foundation structure, respectively, of a construction, as it will be exposed with reference to figures 6 and 12 to 15.

The male end profiles 16, shown in the Figure 9, comprise a flat soul 24 that is finished off longitudinally on the one hand on a head 25. The soul 24, according to it can be seen in figure 4 it is of thickness coinciding with that of throttling 20 of female profiles 14 but of greater height. Head 25 is sized to be housed within section 21 of wider width of the female profiles 14. Thus, the soul 24 male profile 16 will protrude from female profile 14, as seen in figure 4, in a section 24 'of connection with the roof structure, as will be discussed later, with reference to figures 6, 12 and 15.

The male end profiles 16 ', figure 10, which they serve as a means of joining between panels and foundations, they include a flat soul 24 'that is topped longitudinally by one side in a head 25 '. The soul 24 ', as can be seen in the figure 4, is of height and thickness coinciding with those of throttling 20 of the female profiles 14, the head being 25 'sized to stay within section 21 of greater width of said female profiles 14.

As can be seen in Figure 7, the female profile walls 14 extend into coplanar wings 26 bent out at right angles, which are finished off on a longitudinal flange 27 bent at a right angle to behind.

On the other hand, the planks 5 that make up the panels present in their transverse edges, as you can shown in figure 11 on either side of the channels 17, recesses 28 coinciding with the dimensions of the wings 26 and Extreme lashes 27 of the female profiles. Thus, according to it can be seen in figure 4, the female profiles 14, with their wings 26 and tabs 27, are fully embedded in the boards, without protruding from its transverse edges, thus achieving a perfect support between overlapping coplanar panels and a total concealment of the fittings that serve as joining elements vertical panels.

The soul 24 'of the male end elements 16',  serving as a means of joining between panels and foundations, figure 10, is longitudinally topped on a transverse plate of support 30, which includes a seating area 31, provided with its external surface of grooves 32, and an extreme area of anchor 33 that has holes for the passage of screws foundation fixation, as will be discussed with reference to the figure 6.

Female profiles 14, figure 7, can have an external contour in zone 21 of greater width circular or polygonal, which will allow greater support of this area in channel 17 of the planks 5. The internal hollow of this zone 21 can be rectangular, polygonal, circulate, etc.

Similarly heads 23, 25 and 25 'of the intermediate and end male elements can be contour polygonal, triangular, angular, oval, etc., always larger width than the corresponding soul 22, 24 and 24 ', but contour preferably smaller than that of the internal cavity of section 21 of female profiles 14.

On the other hand the widening 19 of the channels 17 of the planks 5 will also preferably be circular, although It could also be or with other forms.

Figure 6 shows, schematically and in vertical section, together with the details of figures 12 to 15 a two-floor construction made with the system of the invention. The wall shown in the drawing includes, similarly to the wall of figure 1, a top panel 1 'and a bottom panel 3 'that are vertically connected by female profiles 14 and intermediate male profiles 15, as described with reference to Figure 4. Similarly the upper panel 1 'and the panel bottom 3 'are mounted on their free horizontal edges female profiles 14 and male end profiles 16 and 16 ', also in same way as described with reference to figure 4. The section 24 'of the soul 24 of the end male profiles 16 is introduced into a groove 35 facing the sleeping belt 35 ', of the roof structure 38, to which they are fixed by pins or screws 36. The lower end male profile 16 'rests, a through the seating area 31 of the transverse plate 30, on foundation 37, to which it is anchored by bolts 36 ', introduced through holes in the extreme anchor zone 33. The grooves 32 of the intermediate seating area 31 serve as a means to prevent the rise of water to the boards of the 3 'bottom panel.

In the details of figures 12 to 15, show, in section and wake up in perspectives, the different components for joining panels with cover, with foundation and between overlapping coplanar panels.

As shown in Figures 12 and 15, the end male profile 16 could be of length much shorter than that of  the panels 1 'and female profiles 14, adopting the soul 24 form of plate, with holes 36 'for the housing of the screws or anchor pins 36 to the sleeper 35 '.

Figure 6 is completed with cover 38 and the forged 39 of the first floor that rests on stirrups 40 anchored to the bottom panels 3 '. A floor can be arranged on the floor board 41, an intermediate soundproofing layer 42, which would include the necessary facilities, and a top floor 43 on which a skirting 44 will be attached to the upper panels 1. In addition, an inner insulation layer 45 and a Finishing panel 46, for example based on plaster, with baseboard 47. A sheet can be arranged on the concrete screed waterproof, a leveling mortar 48 and a screed 49, by Ceramic nature example.

As can be seen in Figure 11, the recess 28 of the lower transverse edge of the planks 5, remains externally limited by a small projection 50 that serves, in the bottom panel 3 'of figure 6 as drip element and in the 1 'top panel as a seat and panel covering element upper 1 'on the lower panel 3'. By highlighting 50 and the seating area 31 of the lower support plate 30 on the solera 37, the bottom panels 3 'of the foundation. Using the lower support plate also neutralize the efforts transmitted by the building when it It goes into charge.

Figures 16 to 18 show different  ways of meeting between walls.

In figure 16 the panels composed of planks 5 are joined orthogonally by a profile board 51 special, which has two faces with conformations of tongue and groove matching the two adjacent planks 5.

In the case of figure 17 they also appear planks 52 and 53 with which smaller angles can be achieved and greater than 90º, respectively. In this case, as well as in that of the  Figure 18, planks 54 are also included that serve as Separation elements to obtain a double wall. I also know they include planks 55 that have a recess 56 for the provision of service pipelines, for example.

Figures 16 to 18 show the possibility of interconnection of wooden planks 5 of straight section with planks of angular sections and other conformation, to perform orthogonal and polygonal constructions or mixture of both, allowing to project with great freedom of design.

To carry out the preparation of the panels  for the construction of the buildings it will be necessary to prepare the planks, with the longitudinal molding of its vertical edges for tongue and groove and get a perfect coupling. TO then the testas of the planks will be outlined to conform channels 17. Then you can proceed to drilling of wooden planks between their vertical edges to give way to the tension bars 8. Next it takes carry out the assembly of the female profiles 14 on the channels 17 of the panels, the panels 5 is prestressed by means of the tension bars 8 and can now be transported to the place of construction, where the rest of the elements can already be mounted, as described with reference to the drawings.

Claims (11)

1. Construction system for wooden buildings, with one or more floors, based on panels (1, 2, 3 and 4) composed of clusters of vertical planks (5) coplanar attached by their vertical edges, and joined by tension bars (8) housed in aligned holes (7) that present the planks between their vertical edges, by means of which the horizontal union between panels is carried out, characterized in that the vertical union between overlapping coplanar panels (1-3 and 2-4) , as well as between panels and the roof structure (35) and the foundation (37), is carried out by means of joining elements that remain hidden in the panels and are composed of female profiles (14), intermediate male profiles (15) and extreme male profiles (16-16 '); whose female profiles (14) are embedded in central longitudinal conformations that present the panels in their longitudinal edges and flow into the vertical edges of said panels; and whose intermediate male profiles (15) serve as a means of joining between superimposed coplanar panels (1-3 and 2-4) and are mounted inserts on the opposite female profiles (14) of said superimposed coplanar panels; and whose end male profiles (16-16 ') serve as a means of joining between panels (1 and 3), with the roof structure (35) and with the foundation (37) and are mounted on the facing female profiles (14) to said roof and foundation structure; the female (14) and male (15, 16 and 16 ') profiles being prevented from transverse displacement with respect to the mentioned conformations of the panels and the female profiles (14), respectively. 2. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the aforementioned longitudinal conformations of the panels are constituted by central, aligned channels (17), which have the planks (5) in their transverse edges and run between their vertical edges; and because the female profiles (14) are of ribbed configuration, presenting the channels (17) and female profiles (14) matching section, in the form of a cup, with a throttling (18-20) at the mouth and an internal section (19 -21) wider. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate male profiles (15) have an intermediate flat core (22) of thickness and height coinciding with those of the throttles (20) of two facing female profiles (14), corresponding to panels overlapping coplanaries, to be housed in said throttles, and two longitudinal heads (23) of greater width, which are housed in the cavity of the innermost section (21) of greater width of the female profiles (14) facing each other. 4. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the end male profiles (16) connecting with the sleeping cover belt, have a flat core (24) of thickness coinciding with the throttle width (20) of the female profile (14) corresponding, but of greater height, and a longitudinal head (25) of greater width, which is housed in the cavity of the inner section (21) of greater width of the same female profile, the soul (24) protruding from the male profile with respect to the throttling (20) of the female profile in a section that is inserted into a facet slot of the sleeping cover belt. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the end male profiles (16 ') of union with the foundation have a flat core (24') of thickness and height coinciding with that of the throttle (20) of the corresponding female profile (14) , to stay therein, and a longitudinal head (25 ') of greater width, which is housed in the cavity of the inner section (21) of greater width of the same female profile (14), the soul (24') protruding longitudinally of the male profile with respect to the throttling (20) of the female profile (14) in a portion that forms a transverse support plate (30) on the foundation. System according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the female profiles (14) extend, from their longitudinal edges, on wings (26) bent at right angles to the outside, which are located in the same plane and they rest on the transverse edge of the planks (5), on either side of the central channel (17) of the panels. System according to claim 6, characterized in that the wings (26) of the female profiles (14) are finished off in an end longitudinal flange (27), bent back at right angles. System according to claims 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that the planks (5) have in the transverse edges, on either side of the longitudinal opening of the central channel 17, recesses (28) coinciding with the dimensions of the wings and extreme tabs of the female profiles (14). 9. System according to claim 8, characterized in that the recesses of the lower transverse edge of the planks are externally limited by a small shoulder (50), which protrudes inferiorly with respect to the wings (26) of the female profiles. System according to claim 5, characterized in that the transverse support plates (30) of the end male profiles (16) have a seating area (31), which has longitudinal grooves (32) and an area on its outer surface anchoring end (33) with holes for fixing screws. 11. System according to claim 4, characterized in that the end male profiles (16) connecting with the sleeping cover belt are shorter than the female profiles (14).