EP2072698A1

EP2072698A1 - System for the construction of wood buildings

Info

Publication number: EP2072698A1
Application number: EP08380337A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Felipe GarcÍa López de la Calle
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 2007-12-19
Filing date: 2008-12-15
Publication date: 2009-06-24
Anticipated expiration: 2028-12-15
Also published as: ES2367538T3; ATE507352T1; ES2302654B1; DE602008006505D1; EP2072698B1; ES2302654A1

Abstract

System for the construction of one- or multi-story wood buildings using panels (1, 2, 3 and 4) comprising coplanar vertical deals (5), abut by their vertical edges and coupled by tension bars (8) inserted through borings (7) of the deals (5) between their vertical edges. The horizontal union of the laterally abut panels (1-2 and 3-4) is achieved through tension bars (8). The vertical union between overlapping coplanar panels and between these panels and the roofing and foundation structure is carried out by union elements which are concealed in the panels and which include female profiles (14-14'), intermediate male profiles (15) and end male profiles (16).

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention refers to a system for the construction of one-story or multi-story wood buildings, using wood panels comprising groups of solid wood deals, vertically arranged, and abut by their vertical edges and joined through horizontal tension bars inserted through aligned borings located between the vertical edges of the deals.

Background of the invention

In the ES 2151433 a modular system is described for the integral construction of one- or multi-story solid wood buildings, using the same modules or panels for floors, walls and roof framing. These modules or panels are built using wood panels comprising groups of vertical deals, abut by their vertical edges, where they have dovetailed joints. The deals are joined by horizontal tension bars in aligned borings located between the vertical edges of the deals, and also by horizontal profiles that encircle the cross edges of the deals.
The lateral union between modules at the same height is carried out by tension bars, for which these tension bars protrude from the vertical edges of the modules in parts that are inserted in the holes facing the adjacent modules, to which they are fixed by nuts.
The vertical union between the overlapping coplanar modules or panels and between panels and the structure of the framings, roofing and foundation is carried out by welding the horizontal profiles that encircle the cross edges of the deals, either to one another or to other metal profiles.
The vertical union system requires welding work, which extends the execution times and increases costs.
On the other hand, the horizontal profiles that encircle the cross edges of the deals constitute a transmission thermal bridge between the inside and outside of the building. The welding of the horizontal profiles that encircle the cross edges of the deals makes it impossible to later dismantle the building, or at least it makes the dismantling more difficult and hinders the complete exploitation of all of its components.
The horizontal profiles that encircle the cross edges of the deals are visible on the construction surfaces, which breaks the continuity of the wood, thus altering the appearance of said surfaces.

Description of the invention

It is an object of the present invention to solve the aforementioned problems by using a system for the construction of buildings using modules or panels such as the ones described before, wherein the union of the coplanar panels, both horizontally and vertically, and the union of said panels with the roofing and foundation structure are carried out without the need of welding, through simple and fast union systems that enable the reduction of mounting times.
In the construction system of the invention, the mechanical elements or fittings are part of the panels and the union between one another, so that they are concealed inside the panels, thus, eliminating thermal bridges.
Besides, using concealed fittings for the unions gives visual continuity to the wood surfaces of the construction.
On the other hand, the unions between panels and between these panels and the roofing and foundation can be easily dismantled, which makes it possible to dismantle the construction, if so desired.
Another advantage of the system of the invention is that the wood is isolated from the foundation, which prevents humidity absorption, keeping the panel seating dry, avoiding rotting and fungus settling, all of which entails less frequent maintenance periods and a longer lifetime for the building.
Another advantage of the construction system of the invention is its versatility. Since different deal profiles can be used, it is possible to have constructions with walls and/or partings forming different angles.
The construction system of the invention is intended for the construction of one- or multi-story buildings using wood panels with a familiar constitution, comprising solid wood vertical deals; abut by their vertical edges, where they have dovetailed joints. The deals are joined by tension bars which lay horizontally through aligned horizontal borings, which go through the deals between their vertical edges. These bars have threaded ends for screwing them. The horizontal union between panels is carried out through these tension bars and nuts, with a known procedure.
According to the invention, the union between the overlapping coplanar panels and between the panels and the roofing and foundation structure is carried out by means of union elements which are concealed in the panels, so as not to break the continuity of the wood in the construction. The union elements mentioned include female profiles, intermediate male profiles and end male profiles.
Female profiles are encased in longitudinal central formations in the longitudinal edges of the panels, coming said profiles out in the vertical edges of the panels.
Said longitudinal formations consist of central channels in the cross edges of each deal, located between the vertical edges of said deals. When all the deals of one panel are abut by their vertical edges, the central channels of the deals will be aligned to house the female profiles. These profiles have a ribbed structure and an outer section that coincides with the central channels, in a glass shape, with a throttling in the outlet and a wider inner section.
Intermediate male profiles, which form part of the union elements, join together the overlapping coplanar panels, and they are mounted between the female profiles facing said overlapping coplanar panels. To that end, these intermediate male profiles have an intermediate flat core, which is as thick and as high as the throttlings of the opposed female profiles, so as to be housed in said throttlings. They also have two wider longitudinal end heads which are located in the wider inner section of the opposed female profiles.
As for the end male profiles, they function as union means between panels and the roofing or foundation structure and are mounted on the female profiles facing said roofing or foundation structure.
The end male profiles which are a union means between the panels and the roofing structure and have a flat core which is as thick as, but higher than the throttling of the female profiles, and a longitudinal head which is wider than the female profiles. The core of the male profile protrudes from the female profile in a section that is inserted in an opposing groove of a sill strap of the roofing structure.
As regards the end male profiles that act as a union means between the panels and the founding, they have a flat core which is as thick and as high the throttling of the corresponding female profile, to be housed in said throttling, and a wider longitudinal head located in the wider inner section of the same female profile. The core of this male profile longitudinally protrudes from the throttling of the female profile in the section that forms a support cross plate on the foundation.
With the described formations of the central channels and the female and male profiles, the relative cross movement between said profiles is disabled once they are coupled, which, therefore, will be carried out by sliding, entering the female profiles from one of the ends of the panel channels and the male profiles through one of the ends of the female profiles.
According to a preferred embodiment of the invention, the female profile walls extend, from their longitudinal edges, in wings that are bended towards the outside in a right angle, on the same plane, being these wings laid on the cross edge of the deals, on both sides of the central groove. Besides, these wings can end in a final longitudinal flange, folded back in a right angle. The deals, in turn, have recessings on their cross edges, on both sides of the longitudinal throttling of the grooves, coinciding said recessings with the dimensions of the wings and final flanges of the female profiles, so that said wings do not protrude from the surface of the cross edges of the deals.
The recessings of the deals cross edges, at least part of them, can be limited on the outside by a small flange which protrudes with respect to the wings of the female profiles. This formation can be useful, for example, in the lower edges of the deals that lay with the foundation, and for a coupling effect between the overlapping coplanar panels.
The intermediate male profiles, like the upper end male profiles which join the panels and the roofing structure, will preferably be shorter than the panels, so that they will not reach the vertical edges of said panels, whereas the female profiles will be as long as the panels.
The female profiles can have, from the back, one or two longitudinal wings on the exterior, which will be housed in grooves of the longitudinal edges channels of the panels at the back, in the same amount, position and dimensions of said wings. Through both these wings and the panels there are setscrews and dowel pins perpendicularly inserted through one of the lateral surfaces of the panels. This system guarantees a perfect clamping of the female profiles to the panels.
The cross plates, which support the lower end male profiles and act as a union means between the panels and the foundation, can include an intermediate settling area, with longitudinal grooves on the outer surface, and an end clamping area, with holes for the insertion of setscrews. The aforementioned grooves can help to avoid the rising of humidity from the foundation.

Brief description of the drawings

The attached drawings illustrate an example of an embodiment which is described in detail to help understand better the characteristics and advantages of the system of the invention.
In the drawings:

Figure 1 shows an elevation view of part of a wall comprising four coplanar panels, two of which are aligned to and overlap the other two.
Figure 2 and 3 show horizontal sections of a wall, from the lines of section II-II and III-III of figure 1, respectively, at a larger scale, showing the horizontal union between the panels.
Figure 4 shows a vertical section of the two coplanar overlapping panels, from the line of section IV-IV of figure 1, at a larger scale.
Figure 5 shows a perspective view of one of the wooden panels which form part of the part of the wall of figure 1.
Figure 6 shows a vertical partial view of a two-story building, built using the system of the invention.
Figure 7 shows a cross section of the female profile.
Figure 8 shows a cross section of the intermediate male profile.
Figure 9 shows a cross section of the upper end male profile, to join the panels and the roofing structure.
Figure 10 shows a cross section of the lower end male profile, to join the panels and the foundation.
Figure 11 shows a vertical section of one of the deals which form the panels.
Figure 12 shows a vertical partial section of the union between the wooden panels and the roofing, from the line of section XIII-XIII of figure 6.
Figure 13 shows a perspective view of the elements that form part of the union between the wooden panels and the foundation.
Figure 14 shows a perspective view of the elements that form part of the vertical union between coplanar overlapping panels.
Figure 15 shows a perspective view of the elements that form part of the union between the panels and the structure.
Figure 16 shows a plan view of an example of orthogonal union between two walls, built using the system of the invention.
Figure 17 and 18 show similar views to the illustration in figure 16, with possible implementation variants.
Figure 19 shows a similar section to the one in figure 7, with a possible implementation variant.
Figure 20 shows a similar section to the one in figure 4, with the female profile of figure 19.

Figure 1 shows part of a wall comprising four coplanar panels (1, 2, 3 4), two of which are aligned to and overlap the other two.
As it can be seen in figure 5, each one of these panels comprises solid wood vertical deals 5 which are abut by their vertical edges, where they have dovetailed joints 6, as it can be seen in figures 2 and 3.
The deals 5 have horizontal borings 7 between their vertical edges which are aligned in each panel to receive the tension bars 8 that protrude from the vertical edges of the panels in threaded sections in which the setscrews 9 are inserted, as it can be seen in figures 2 and 3.
The horizontal union between the panels located at the same height, for example panels 3 and 4, is carried out by these bars. For that purpose, tension bars 8 of the panels extend beyond the setscrew 9 in a section 8' which is inserted through a horizontal hole 7' of the adjacent end deal 5 of panel 4, until reaching a hollowness 10, which is accessible by a frontal throttling 11, through which a set nut 12 can be inserted.
Both the constitution of the panels and the way they are horizontally joined together, which have been described before, correspond to systems that are already known. In the panel mounting scheme shown in figure 1, panels 3 and 4 may correspond to the ground floor of a construction, whereas panels 1 and 2 may correspond to an upper floor.
The vertical union between overlapping coplanar panels, for example, between panels 1 and 3 and between panels 2 and 4, is carried out by union elements concealed in the panels, as it can be seen in figure 4. These union elements include female profiles 14, which are shown in figure 7 and intermediate male profiles 15, which are shown in figure 8.
Female profiles 14 are encased in longitudinal central formations in the longitudinal edges of the panels, which end in their vertical edges.
These formations are constituted by central channels 17 in the cross edges of the deals 5 which end in the vertical edges, as it can be seen in figure 11.
As it can be best seen in figure 4, the central channels 17 and the female profiles 14 have similar glass shapes, which determine a throttling 18 in the outlet and a wider inner section 19 in the channels 17, figure 11, while by contrast, in profiles 14 (figure 7), they determine a throttling 20 of parallel walls that are close to one another and a wider section 21, corresponding the outer part of the throttling 20 of section 21 to the inner part of the throttling 18 and the inner section 19 of channels 17.
In this way, female profiles 14 are inserted in the formations of the panels defined by the channels 17 through each one of their ends, through sliding, preventing the female profile 14 from cross sliding with respect to channels 17.
Intermediate male elements 15, as it can be better seen in figure 8, comprise a flat core 22 which ends with wider final heads 23. The core 22 is as high and as wide as the throttlings of the opposed female profiles 14 of two overlapping coplanar panels, for example panels 2 and 4 in figures 1 and 4. The final heads 23 are in turn wider than the core 22 and have the appropriate dimensions to be located in the hollowness of section 21 of the wider female profiles 14.
With the described constitution, the intermediate male profile 15 needs to be inserted in the opposed female profiles 14 of two overlapping panels through sliding, inserting them in the throttlings of said female profiles in one of the vertical edges of the panels, and once it is housed on the inside of the female profiles, as it can be seen in figure 4, panels 2 and 4 will be fixed together, acting thus, the intermediate male profiles 15 and the female profiles 14 as union elements between the overlapping coplanar panels.
The system of the invention also includes end male profiles 16 and 16' which join together the panels and the roofing and foundation structure of a building, respectively, as it will be exposed with reference to figures 6 and 12 to 15.
The end male profiles 16, shown in figure 9, comprise a flat core 24 which longitudinally ends in a head 25 on one side. This core 24, as it can be seen in figure 4, is as wide as the throttling 20 of the female profiles 14 but higher than said profile. The head 25 has the appropriate dimensions to be housed inside the wider section 21 of the female profiles 14. In this manner, core 24 of the male profile 16 will protrude from the female profile 14, as it can be seen in figure 4, in a connecting section 24' with the roofing structure, as it will be explained later, with reference to figures 6, 12 and 15.
The end male profiles 16', figure 10, which act as a union means between the panels and the foundation, comprise a flat core 24' which longitudinally ends in a head 25' on one side. Core 24', as it can be seen in figure 4, is as high and as thick as the throttling 20 of the female profiles 14, having the head 25' the appropriate dimensions to be housed in the wider section 21 of said female profiles 14.
As it can be seen in figure 7 the walls of the female profile 14 extend into coplanar wings 26 bended towards the outside in a right angle and ending in a longitudinal flange 27 bended towards the back in a right angle.
As for the deals 5 which form the panels, they have, in turn, recessings 28 on their cross edges, as it can be seen in figure 11, on both sides of the channels 17, coinciding said recessings 28 with the dimensions of the wings 26 and final flanges 27 of the female profiles. Thus, as it can be seen in figure 4, the female profiles 14, with their wings 26 and flanges 27, are completely encased in the deals, without protruding from their cross edges, thus attaining a perfect support between the overlapping coplanar panels and a total concealment of the fittings that act as vertical union elements of the panels.
The core 24' of the end male elements 16', which are a union means between the panels and the foundation, figure 10, longitudinally ends in a support cross plate 30, which includes a settling area 31, fitted on its outer surface with grooves 32 and an external clamping area 33, which has holes for inserting setscrews into the foundation, as it will be later indicated with reference to figure 6.
Female profiles 14, figure 7, can have in the wider area 21 a circular or polygonal outer edge, which will make it possible to achieve a greater clamping of this area in channel 17 of the deals 5. The internal hollow of this area 21 can have a rectangular, polygonal, circular, etc. contour.
Likewise, the heads 23, 25 and 25' of the intermediate and end male elements can have a polygonal, triangular, angular, oval, etc. contour, which will always be wider than the corresponding core 22, 24 and 24', but preferably thinner than the contour of the inner hollowness of section 21 of the female profiles 14.
As for the widening 19 of the channels 17 of the deals 5, it will also be preferably circular, although it could also have other shapes.
Figure 6 shows, in a schematic way and in a vertical section, together with the details shown in figure 12 to 15, a two-story construction built using the system of the invention. The wall shown in the drawing includes, like the wall in figure 1, an upper panel 1' and a lower panel 3', which are vertically connected through female profiles 14 and intermediate male profiles 15, as it has been described with reference to figure 4. In the same way, the upper panel 1' and the lower panel 3' have female profiles 14 and end male profiles 16 and 16' mounted on their free horizontal edges, also in a way similar to that described with reference to figure 4. Section 24' of the core 24 of the end male profiles 16 is inserted in an opposed groove 35 of the sill strap 35', of the roofing structure 38, to which they are fixed through dowel pins or screws 36. The lower end male profile 16' rests, through a settling area 31 of the cross plate 30, on the foundation 37, to which it is anchored through bolts 36', inserted through holes in the outer clamping area 33. Grooves 32 of the intermediate settling area 31 are responsible for preventing the rising of humidity to the deals of the lower panel 3'.
Figures 12 to 15 show in detail, in a perspective exploded and sectional view, the different components of the union between the panels and the roofing and foundation, and between the overlapping coplanar panels.
As it can be seen in figures 12 and 15, the end male profile 16 can be much shorter than the panels 1' and the female profiles 14, having the core 24 the shape of a plate, with holes 26' for inserting the screws or dowel pins 36 in the sill plate 35'.
Figure 6 also shows the roofing 38 and slab 39 of the first floor which is laid on abutments 40 anchored to the lower panels 3'. On the slabs, it is possible to lay a decking 41, an intermediate soundproofing layer 42, which would include the necessary installation elements, and an upper soling 43 over which a skirting board 44 will be laid, abut to the upper panels 1. Furthermore, it can have an internal insulation coating 45 and a finishing panel 46, for example, made of plaster, with a skirting board 47. On the concrete sole plate there can be a waterproof sheet, a levelling mortar and a soling 49, for example, made of ceramic.
As it can be seen in figure 11, the recessing 28 of the lower cross edge of the deals 5 will be limited on the outside by a small flange 50 which acts a dropping element in the lower panel 3' in figure 6, and as a settling and coating element in the upper panel 1' over the lower panel 3'. Through the flanges 50 and the settling area 31 of the lower support plate 30 over the sole plate 37, it is possible to isolate the lower panels 3' of the foundation. Besides, through the lower support plate, the strain transmitted by the building when it is under load is neutralized.
Figures 16 to 18 show different union forms between walls.
In figure 16, the panels comprising the deals 5 are joined together orthogonally through a deal 51 with a special profile, which has two faces with dovetailed joints that coincide with the two adjacent, deals 5.
Figure 17 shows deals 52 and 53 with which angles that are smaller and bigger than 90°, respectively, can be achieved. In this case, as well as in figure 18, deals 54 are also included, which act as segregation elements to obtain a double wall. Deals 55 are also included, which have a hole 56 that can be used, for example, for utility piping.
Figures 16 to 18 show the possibility of interconnecting straight section wood deals 5 with angular section deals and deals with sections with other shapes, to build orthogonal and polygonal constructions or a mix of both, thus allowing great freedom of design.
In order to carry out the preparation of the panels for the construction of buildings it will be necessary to prepare the deals, by longitudinally moulding their vertical edges for the dovetailed joints so that a perfect coupling can be achieved. Then the edges of the deals are outlined to form the channels 17. Next, the wooden deals can be drilled between their vertical edges for inserting the tension bars 8. After that, the female profiles 14 are assembled in the channels 17 of the panels. This is followed by the prestressing of the panels 5 through tension bars 8. After that, they can be carried to the construction site, where the rest of the elements are mounted, as it has been described with reference to the drawings.
Figure 19 shows a variation of the implementation 14' of the female profile 14, represented in figure 7. The profile 14' has two longitudinal wings 58 on the outside, from the back, which are parallel to the longitudinal mid-plan of said profile. As it can be seen in figure 20, these longitudinal wings 58 are housed in the grooves 59 of the central channels 17, of the longitudinal edges of the panels, from their back, having said wings 58 screws 62 that are inserted through one of the external surfaces of the panels, to act as a fixing element to said panels.
The walls of the female profiles 14' can end with enlarged external ends 60, figure 19, which strengthen the profiles. The central channels 17 of the panels can have a rectangular section, figure 20, as wide as the external section of the female profiles 14', with their enlarged ends 60, since the fixing of said profiles in the central channels 17 is achieved through screws 62. The rest of the profile shown in figure 20 coincides with the one in figure 7, and the mounting of figure 19 coincides with the one described with reference to figure 4, the same references being applied in both cases to the same elements.

Claims

System for the construction of one-story or multi-story wood buildings, using panels (1, 2, 3 and 4) comprising groups of coplanar vertical deals (5), abut by their vertical edges and coupled by tension bars (8) inserted through aligned borings (7), located (5) between the vertical edges of the deals, being the horizontal union of the panels achieved through these tension bars, whereas the vertical union between overlapping coplanar panels and between panels and the roofing and foundation structure is carried out by auxiliary union elements located in central formations (17) of the panels along their longitudinal edges, characterized in that the aforementioned union elements comprise:
- female profiles (14-14') housed in the aforementioned central channels (17) of the panels

- intermediate male profiles (15) housed in the opposing female profiles (14-14') of two overlapping coplanar panels, and

- end male profiles (16-16') housed in the female profile (14-14') facing the roofing and/or foundation structure and joined to said structure and/or foundation; and

- which the female profiles (14-14') are.ribbed and have the same shape as the central channels (17) of the panels, with a throttling (18-20) in its outlet and a wider internal section (19-21); and

- which intermediate male profiles (15) have an intermediate flat core (22), which is as thick and as high as the throttlings (20) of two opposing female profiles of the overlapping coplanar panels, and two end longitudinal heads (23), wider than the throttlings (20) but smaller than the internal sections (21) of the two opposing female profiles; and

- which end male profiles (16-16') have a flat core (24-24') which is as thick as the width of the throttling (20) of the corresponding female profile (14-14'), and a longitudinal head (25-25') wider than said throttling (20) but smaller than the internal section (21) of the female profile (14-14'). The flat core (24-24') protrudes from the throttling (20) of the female profiles (14-14') in a section that connects to the roofing and/or foundation structure.
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the section of the flat core (24) of the end male profiles (16) that protrudes from the female profiles (14-14') consists of a flat section (24') which is an extension of said core and it is inserted in a groove (35) opposing the sill strap (35') of the roofing structure.
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the intermediate male profiles (15) have an intermediate flat core (22), which is as thick and as high as the throttlings (20) of the opposing female profiles (14-14'), corresponding to the overlapping coplanar panels, which are housed in said throttlings, and two wider end longitudinal heads (23) which are housed in the hollowness of the wider internal section (21) of the opposing female profiles (14-14').
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the end male profiles (16) which join the sill strap of the roofing have a flat core (24) which is as thick as the width of the throttling (20) of the corresponding female profile (14-14'), but higher, and a wider longitudinal head (25), which is located in the hollowness of the wider internal section (21) of the same female profile, the core (24) of the male profile protruding from the throttling (20) of the female profile in a section that is inserted in an opposing groove of the sill strap of the roofing.
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the end male profiles (16') which couple the foundation have a flat core (24') which is as thick and as high as the throttling (20) of the corresponding female profile (14-14'), to be housed in it, and a wider longitudinal head (25'), which is housed in the hollowness of the wider internal section (21) of the same female profile (14-14'), the core (24') of the male profile longitudinally protruding from the throttling (20) of the female profile (14-14') in a section that forms a support cross plate (30) on the foundation.
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the walls of the female profiles (14-14') extend, from the longitudinal edges, in wings (26) bended towards the outside in a right angle, on the same plan, and lay on the cross edge of the deals (5), on both sides of the central channel (17) of the panels.
System according to claim 6, characterized in that the wings (26) of the female profiles (14-14') end in a final longitudinal flange (27), bended towards the back in a right angle.
System according to claims 1, 6 and 7, characterized in that the deals (5) have recessings (28) in the cross edges, on both sides of the longitudinal outlet of the central channel (17). These recessings (28) have the same dimensions as the wings and end flanges of the female profiles (14-14').
System according to claim 8, characterized in that the recessings of the lower cross edge of the deals will be limited in the exterior by a small flange (50), which protrudes, on the lower side, from the wings (26) of the female profiles (14-14').
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the male profiles (15 and 16) are shorter than the longitudinal edges of the panels.
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the female profiles (14') have, from the back, at least one longitudinal wing (58) on the outside; and the central channels (17) of the longitudinal edges of the panels have, from the back, grooves (59) in the same amount, position and outline as said longitudinal wings (58).
System according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinal wing(s) of the female profiles (14') and the grooves (59) of the ribbed formations have dowel pins or setscrews (62) inserted through them.