ES2299366A1 - Heavy automatic device for measuring evaporation from soil, comprises two cylindrical and concentric tanks, where external tank contains loading cell that supports internal tank and allows to measure evaporation differences - Google Patents

Heavy automatic device for measuring evaporation from soil, comprises two cylindrical and concentric tanks, where external tank contains loading cell that supports internal tank and allows to measure evaporation differences Download PDF

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Publication number
ES2299366A1
ES2299366A1 ES200601980A ES200601980A ES2299366A1 ES 2299366 A1 ES2299366 A1 ES 2299366A1 ES 200601980 A ES200601980 A ES 200601980A ES 200601980 A ES200601980 A ES 200601980A ES 2299366 A1 ES2299366 A1 ES 2299366A1
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Prior art keywords
evaporation
weighing device
soil
automatic weighing
inner tank
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ES200601980A
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ES2299366B1 (en
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Juan Martinez Lopez
Juan Reca Cardeña
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Universidad de Almeria
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Universidad de Almeria
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
    • G01N9/00—Investigating density or specific gravity of materials; Analysing materials by determining density or specific gravity
    • G01N9/36—Analysing materials by measuring the density or specific gravity, e.g. determining quantity of moisture

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Analytical Chemistry (AREA)
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  • General Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
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Abstract

The device comprises two cylindrical and concentric tanks, where external tank contains a loading cell that supports internal tank and allows measuring evaporation differences. The internal tank contains soil and internal space, and water drainage is collected in the internal space. The data is collected automatically by data recorder or data acquisition system.

Description

Dispositivo automático de pesada para medir la evaporación desde el suelo.Automatic weighing device to measure the evaporation from the ground.

Campo de la invenciónField of the Invention

La presente invención desarrollada tiene un campo claro de aplicación en la investigación de las necesidades hídricas de los cultivos regados mediante sistemas de riego por goteo y en la mejora del uso del agua para riego.The present invention developed has a clear field of application in needs research water crops irrigated by irrigation systems drip and in the improvement of the use of water for irrigation.

Antecedentes de la invenciónBackground of the invention

Un instrumento bastante utilizado para medir la evaporación desde un suelo agrícola es el microlisímetro. Éste consiste en un recipiente, de pequeño tamaño, que contiene una porción reducida de suelo, aislado del resto, en la que se mide la pérdida de agua por evaporación, generalmente mediante métodos gravimétricos.An instrument widely used to measure the evaporation from an agricultural soil is the microlysimeter. This it consists of a small container that contains a reduced portion of soil, isolated from the rest, in which the evaporation water loss, usually by methods gravimetric

Este dispositivo presenta bastantes inconvenientes: son poco precisos y de manejo laborioso. Es necesario disponer de un elevado número para medir con precisión el consumo de agua total desde la superficie humedecida, su manejo es costoso ya que periódicamente hay que retirar los microlisímetros para realizar las medidas en laboratorio, y posteriormente volverlos a instalar procurando que su humedad sea similar a la del resto del suelo. Como consecuencia, no permiten tomar medidas instantáneas, ni de modo continuo. La invención propuesta resuelve todos los inconvenientes mencionados y permite medir con precisión, de forma sencilla y rápida la evaporación directa desde el suelo en cortos períodos de tiempo.This device has many Disadvantages: they are not very precise and laborious. Is it is necessary to have a large number to accurately measure the Total water consumption from the wetted surface, its handling is expensive since periodically you have to remove the microlysimeters to perform the measurements in the laboratory, and then return them to install ensuring that its humidity is similar to that of the rest of the ground. As a result, they do not allow instantaneous measurements, nor continuously The proposed invention resolves all mentioned disadvantages and allows to measure accurately, so simple and fast direct evaporation from the ground in short periods of time.

También son conocidos otros tipos de lisímetros, de pesada y de drenaje, que se usan fundamentalmente para medir el consumo de agua de un cultivo. Este tipo de dispositivos no están diseñados para la medida de la evaporación directa desde un suelo humedecido por un sistema de riego localizado y su coste es muy elevado.Other types of lysimeters are also known, weighing and drainage, which are used primarily to measure the water consumption of a crop. These types of devices are not designed for the measurement of direct evaporation from a floor moistened by a localized irrigation system and its cost is very high.

La automatización de las medidas de la invención y su tamaño, bastante más reducido que el de otros modelos de lisímetros existentes, reducen su coste y facilitan su manejo. Por tanto, podría plantearse también su uso productivo por parte de los agricultores. Este instrumento les ayudaría a aplicar al cultivo el agua de riego estrictamente necesaria, permitiéndoles hacer un uso más eficiente de este recurso, así como de los nutrientes, que, en los sistemas de riego localizado, se suelen aportar junto con el agua de riego. Además de la disminución de los costes de producción para el agricultor, presenta un efecto medioambiental beneficioso ya que su uso puede disminuir el riesgo de contaminación de acuíferos por lixiviados del riego.The automation of the measures of the invention and its size, much smaller than other models of Existing lysimeters reduce their cost and facilitate handling. By Therefore, its productive use by the farmers. This instrument would help them apply the crop to strictly necessary irrigation water, allowing them to make use more efficient of this resource, as well as of nutrients, which, in localized irrigation systems are usually provided along with the irrigation water. In addition to the decrease in production costs for the farmer, it has a beneficial environmental effect since its use can reduce the risk of contamination of aquifers by leachate from irrigation.

Descripción de la invenciónDescription of the invention

La invención se refiere a un dispositivo ideado formado por dos depósitos cilíndricos, concéntricos, de diámetro ligeramente diferente, para poder introducir uno en el otro, con una mínima holgura y sin que se produzca rozamiento entre ambos. El depósito exterior (1) será algo más alto que el interior (2) para poder albergar en su parte inferior una célula de carga (3), colocada entre dos placas metálicas (4). Este depósito proporciona un habitáculo ideal para el depósito interior y un asiento perfecto para la célula de carga, con la que se mide automáticamente el peso del depósito interior. Además, está provisto de un desagüe de fondo (5).The invention relates to a device devised formed by two cylindrical, concentric, diameter tanks slightly different, to be able to introduce one in the other, with a minimum clearance and without friction between them. He outer tank (1) will be somewhat higher than the inner tank (2) to be able to house a load cell (3) in its lower part, placed between two metal plates (4). This deposit provides an ideal cabin for the interior tank and a seat perfect for the load cell, with which it is measured automatically the weight of the inner tank. In addition, it is provided with a bottom drain (5).

El depósito interior presenta dos compartimentos separados por una lámina perforada (6). El compartimento superior (2a) contiene una muestra de suelo que se riega con un emisor aislado. El diámetro de dicho depósito será el adecuado para contener toda la superficie humedecida por un emisor. La profundidad de este compartimento no tiene que ser necesariamente muy elevada, ya que la pérdida de agua por evaporación desde el suelo se produce desde su parte más superficial. La parte inferior (2b) queda vacía para albergar el agua de drenaje. Este agua se extrae periódicamente mediante succión, a través de una tubería de pequeño diámetro (7) que atraviesa la capa de tierra. Para impedir que la tierra pase a la parte inferior, encima de la lámina perforada se coloca un material poroso que permita el paso del agua pero no del suelo. Para alimentar la célula de carga se puede utilizar una batería o, preferiblemente, una red eléctrica. La adquisición de datos se realiza automáticamente a partir de la señal eléctrica proporcionada por la célula de carga. Ésta puede almacenarse periódicamente en un registrador de datos autónomo o en un ordenador.The inner tank has two compartments  separated by a perforated sheet (6). The upper compartment (2a) contains a soil sample that is irrigated with an emitter isolated. The diameter of said deposit will be adequate for contain the entire surface moistened by an emitter. The depth of this compartment does not necessarily have to be very high, since the loss of water by evaporation from the Soil is produced from its most superficial part. The bottom (2b) is empty to house the drainage water. This water is periodically extracted by suction, through a pipe small diameter (7) that crosses the earth layer. To prevent let the earth pass to the bottom, above the sheet Perforated a porous material that allows the passage of water is placed But not from the ground. To feed the load cell you can use a battery or, preferably, a power grid. The Data acquisition is done automatically from the electrical signal provided by the load cell. This one can periodically stored in a stand-alone data logger or in a computer.

Breve descripción de los dibujosBrief description of the drawings

A continuación se pasa a describir de manera breve un modo de realización de la invención, como ejemplo ilustrativo y no limitativo de ésta. Para una mejor comprensión del modo de realización, se incluyen la figura 1:Then it goes on to describe in a way brief an embodiment of the invention, as an example illustrative and not limiting it. For a better understanding of embodiment, figure 1 is included:

1.one.
Depósito exteriorOutdoor tank

2.2.
Depósito interiorInner tank

2.a. Compartimento superior2nd Upper compartment

2.b. Compartimento inferior2.b. Bottom compartment

3.3.
Célula de cargaLoad cell

4.Four.
Placas metálicasMetal plates

5.5.
Desagüe de fondoBottom drain

6.6.
Lámina perforadaPerforated lamina

7.7.
TuberíaPipeline
Descripción de una realización preferidaDescription of a preferred embodiment

Una materialización del sistema podría ser la siguiente: dos depósitos cilíndricos de acero galvanizado de entre 1,5 y 3 mm de espesor. El depósito interior tiene un diámetro comprendido entre 50 y 100 cm y una altura de entre 30 y 50 cm. Éste presenta dos compartimentos separados por una lámina de acero galvanizado perforado. La parte superior se llena de tierra y la inferior queda vacía para albergar el agua de drenaje. Para impedir que la tierra pase a la parte inferior, encima de la lámina de acero perforada se coloca una malla porosa. El compartimento inferior se vaciará periódicamente, preferentemente mediante una bomba, a través de una tubería que atraviesa la capa de tierra. El depósito interior se instala sobre una célula de carga situada entre dos platos circulares y colocada sobre el fondo del depósito exterior. Éste tendrá un diámetro entre 2 y 3 cm superior al del depósito interior y una altura igual a la del depósito interior más la altura de la célula de carga y los platos. El depósito exterior se entierra en el suelo, perfectamente nivelado. Para alimentar y acondicionar la señal de la célula de carga se utiliza un acondicionador de señal y para el registro de los datos un registrador de bajo coste.A materialization of the system could be the next: two cylindrical galvanized steel tanks between 1.5 and 3 mm thick. The inner tank has a diameter between 50 and 100 cm and a height between 30 and 50 cm. It has two compartments separated by a sheet of steel perforated galvanized The top is filled with dirt and the bottom is empty to house the drainage water. To prevent that the earth passes to the bottom, above the sheet of Perforated steel is placed a porous mesh. The compartment bottom will be emptied periodically, preferably by a pump, through a pipe that crosses the earth layer. He inner tank is installed on a load cell located between two circular plates and placed on the bottom of the tank Exterior. This will have a diameter between 2 and 3 cm greater than the inner tank and a height equal to that of the inner tank plus the height of the load cell and the plates. Outside tank It is buried in the ground, perfectly level. To feed and conditioning the load cell signal is used a signal conditioner and for data recording a low cost registrar

Claims (11)

1. Dispositivo automático de pesada que comprende al menos los siguientes componentes:1. Automatic weighing device that It comprises at least the following components: A- Depósito interior cilíndrico que tiene dos compartimientos, uno superior y otro inferior.A- Cylindrical inner tank that has two compartments, one upper and one lower. B- Depósito exterior cilíndrico que contiene al depósito interior.B- Cylindrical outer tank containing the inner tank 2. Dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación 1 caracterizado por un depósito exterior que contiene los siguientes elementos:2. Automatic weighing device according to claim 1 characterized by an external tank containing the following elements:
1.one.
un depósito interior en el que se realiza la medida de evaporacióna inner tank in which the measurement of evaporation
2.2.
una célula de carga para realizar la pesada electrónicamentea load cell for weighing electronically
3.3.
un desagüe.a drain.
3. Dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación 1 caracterizado por un depósito interior donde el compartimento superior contiene el volumen de suelo necesario para medir la evaporación superficial del suelo.3. Automatic weighing device according to claim 1 characterized by an inner tank where the upper compartment contains the volume of soil necessary to measure the surface evaporation of the soil. 4. Dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación 1 y 3 caracterizado por un depósito interior donde el compartimento inferior sirve para almacenar el agua de drenaje.4. Automatic weighing device according to claim 1 and 3 characterized by an inner tank where the lower compartment serves to store the drainage water. 5. Dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación 1, 3 y 4 donde ambos compartimentos están separados por una lámina perforada cubierta con un material poroso que permita el paso del agua, pero no del suelo.5. Automatic weighing device according to claim 1, 3 and 4 where both compartments are separated by a perforated sheet covered with a porous material that allow the passage of water, but not the soil. 6. Dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación 1, 3, 4 y 5 caracterizado por un tubo de pequeño diámetro que atraviesa el compartimento superior y permite el vaciado del compartimento inferior mediante succión.6. Automatic weighing device according to claim 1, 3, 4 and 5 characterized by a small diameter tube that crosses the upper compartment and allows the emptying of the lower compartment by suction. 7. Dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 y 6 caracterizado por un depósito interior cuyo diámetro se adecua para contener la totalidad de la superficie humedecida por un gotero.7. Automatic weighing device according to claim 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 characterized by an inner tank whose diameter is adapted to contain the entire surface moistened by a dropper. 8. Uso del dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación de 1 a 7 para medir la pérdida de agua por evaporación desde el volumen de suelo humedecido por un gotero.8. Use of automatic weighing device according to claim 1 to 7 for measuring water loss by evaporation from the volume of soil moistened by a dropper. 9. Uso del dispositivo automático de pesada según reivindicación 1 a 7 para medir el consumo de agua de un cultivo de bajo porte.9. Use of automatic weighing device according to claim 1 to 7 to measure the water consumption of a low growth crop.
ES200601980A 2006-07-03 2006-07-03 AUTOMATIC HEAVY DEVICE FOR MEASURING EVAPORATION FROM THE SOIL. Active ES2299366B1 (en)

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Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867837A (en) * 1970-03-06 1975-02-25 Eugene F Malin Moisture detection
US3898872A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-08-12 Soilmoisture Equipment Corp Tensiometer for soil moisture measurement
US4068525A (en) * 1976-09-20 1978-01-17 Soilmoisture Equipment Corporation Portable tensiometer for soil moisture measurement
US4509361A (en) * 1983-11-30 1985-04-09 Johnson Lonnie G Soil moisture potential determination by weight measurement
US6234008B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-05-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for the direct measurement of moisture characteristics of porous samples of soil, wood, concrete and the like
WO2004005628A2 (en) * 2002-06-24 2004-01-15 Arichell Technologies, Inc. Automated water delivery systems with feedback control
US6840091B1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2005-01-11 University Of South Florida Geophysical method for quantification of dense non-aqueous phase liquids in the subsurface

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3867837A (en) * 1970-03-06 1975-02-25 Eugene F Malin Moisture detection
US3898872A (en) * 1973-10-19 1975-08-12 Soilmoisture Equipment Corp Tensiometer for soil moisture measurement
US4068525A (en) * 1976-09-20 1978-01-17 Soilmoisture Equipment Corporation Portable tensiometer for soil moisture measurement
US4509361A (en) * 1983-11-30 1985-04-09 Johnson Lonnie G Soil moisture potential determination by weight measurement
US6234008B1 (en) * 1999-12-08 2001-05-22 Massachusetts Institute Of Technology Method and apparatus for the direct measurement of moisture characteristics of porous samples of soil, wood, concrete and the like
WO2004005628A2 (en) * 2002-06-24 2004-01-15 Arichell Technologies, Inc. Automated water delivery systems with feedback control
US6840091B1 (en) * 2002-07-05 2005-01-11 University Of South Florida Geophysical method for quantification of dense non-aqueous phase liquids in the subsurface

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